Table of Contents
Kunzwisisa Zvinodiwa Zvinobatsira Pakutsvaka Utano Nenzvimbo Dzokutarisira Dziri Kure
Kunzvera muzvoutano negadziriro refu dzetarisiro dzinobatanidza kuchengeteka kunoda dzikamo yokungwarira pakati pemisengwa yekotsekano yesangano namaruramiro oungwaru avarwere navagari vemo. Kusafanana nenzvimbo dzavanhuwo zvavose, idzi mhoteredzo dzine kariro dzakawedzerwa dzechivande, dzinodzorwa nemitemo yehurumende nehurumende, mipimo inobvumirwa, uye dziviriro dzebumbiro remitemo. Nyaya ino inotsanangura apo kubvumidzwa kuri madikanwa, gadziriro yapamutemo iri seri kwechiremera chokutsvaka, nemiitiro yakanakisisa nokuda kwokunzvera kwapamutemo muaya mapfundo anotapukurirwa.
Bhuku rinonzi Foundation Eccligial: Kudzivirirwa Kwechina Kwekutarisirwa Kwoutano
Muchipatara chezvoutano, kudzivirira uku kunotamba nevarwere nevagari vemo, kunyange kana nzvimbo yacho ichiwana mari yehurumende kana kuti ichishanda pasi pehotera dzehurumende.
Somuenzaniso, kamuri rakavanzika romugari munzvimbo inochengeterwa vanachiremba refu rinowanzorangarirwa kuva nzvimbo ine kariro huru yokuva voga, yakafanana nomusha womunhu oga. Nhau dzinozivikanwa, makoriji, uye makamuri okurapa zvingava nekariro dzakaderera dzakavanzika. Dare rapamusoro reU.S. rakatonga kuti kunzvera kusina maruramiro kunoitwa pasina kutendwa kunoitwa mukusashanda kutoti chaikoirwo (ona [FLT]]][FLT]]MP v. Ohio]]). Iyi nheyo inoshanda nesimba rakazara mumigariro youtano.
Chii Chiri Rutsuta, uye Nei Zvichikosha?
Chibvumikiso chokunzvera imurairo wakanyorwa unopiwa nomutongi kana kuti mutongi uyo unobvumira kuchengetwa kwomutemo kana kuti vashandi vakagadzwa kunzvera nzvimbo yakatarwa nokuda kwoufakazi hweutsotsi kana kuti kuputsa mutemo. Kuti awane rugwaro, mukumbiri anofanira kuratidzira [ chisakiso chinokodzera[[FLT]] [] [a] chitendero chine mufungo, chinotsigirwa namaidi nemigariro, ufakazi ihwohwo huchawanwa.
Muzvoutano nenzvimbo dzokutarisira dzakareba (denderter), magwaro anoraira anoita mabasa akakomba anoverengeka:
- Dzinodzivirira vagari vemo pakutsvakwa kwemazano okuzvidira kana kuti okusada kufurirwa.
- Vanovimbisa kuzvidavirira kupfurikidza nokuda kutarisirwa kwedare.
- Zvinopa hwaro hwapamutemo hwekutsvaka kwacho, uko kunogona kupokanwa gare gare mudare.
- Vanodzivisa vashandi vepanzvimbo yacho kuva vashandi vanoshandisa nzira dzisiri dzepamutemo dzokuongorora.
Nhau yokuti kunzvera “kune mufungo” muGadziriro yeChina kazhinji kazhinji inochinja kana rugwaro ruchiwanikwa kana kuti ruchishandwa. Kukundikana kuwana rugwaro apo runodikanwa kunogona kuguma noufakazi hwokudzvinyirirwa, kupiwa mhaka kwehurumende, uye kurangwa kwavashandi vezvivako.
Ndirini Panodiwa Munhu Anonyanya Kuda Kurapwa?
Kudikanwa kwetsamba kunotsamira parudzi rwokutsvaka, nzvimbo, uye mugariro wapamutemo womunhu ari kutsvakwa. Pasi apa pane zviitiko zvinozivikanwa navose izvo zvinoda chaizvoizvo rugwaro.
Vaitarisira Kuti Vaite Mhosva
Apo kuchengetwa kwomutemo kunofungidzira kuti murwere kana kuti mugari wemo anobatanidzwa mumufambiro woutsotsi hwakadai sokuva nemirimo, kuba, kana kuti kurova — chibvumidzo chinowanzodikanwa kunzvera kamuri ravo, rocker, kana kuti zvinhu zvomunhu oga. Ikoku ndokwechokwadi zvikurukuru kana mugari wemo asina kupa mvumo uye pasina kurumidziro.
Kuongorora Kunoitwa Nezvirongwa
Maparekita ezvoutano ehurumende, Centers for Medicare & Mdicaid Services (CMS), uye mamwe masangano anonzvera kuti ave nechokwadi chokuwirirana nekotsekano nemipimo yakanaka. Nepo kunzverwa kwakawanda kuri kutungamirira uye hakudi mvumo, inonzvera inopfuura nzvero dzenguva dzose[ yakaita kuti kunzvera zvinhu zvapachivanda kudikanwe, kunyange zvazvo kuchida pamutemo womutemo. [FLT]][FLT] Dare reSangano reSalm], Dare guru rakaita kuti kunzvera zvinhu zvapanyika yapanyika idikaro, kunyange zvazvo zvichida mupimo wakaderera "mutenzi".
Kuongorora Dzimba Dzomunhu Oga
Imba yapachivande yemugari mutarisiro refu kana kuti nzvimbo yokugara inobetserwa inhau yemusha. Mitemo inoitwa nemapurisa omutemo inoita seasina mufungo. Iyi dziviriro inotambanukira kumakabati akapfigirwa, madhirowa, uye mavhasi mukati mekamuri. Staff angapinda pasina judha nokuda kwezvinangwa zvetarisiro yapamutemo (g., kunzvera pagarika ane tsvina), asi havafaniri kunyandura kunzvera mapurisa pasina chiremera chapamutemo.
Kutsvakurudza Kubasa Vashandi
Vashandi vanotarisirwa noutano vanewo kodzero dzeChina dzeMwedziso, kunyange zvazvo kudzivirirwa kungava kwakaganhurirwa munzvimbo yebasa, zvikurukuru apo nzvimbo yacho ine muitiro wakajeka unotsvakwa. Zvisinei, chibvumikiso chinodikanwa zvikurukuru kana kuchengetwa kwomutemo (_rather) kupfuura mushandirwi (anotsvaka magetsi). Somuenzaniso, mapurisa achitsvaka murongi womukoti nokuda kwemishonga inobiwa anofanira kuwana mvumo kutoti kana mukoti abvuma kana kuti migariro yakashata iripo.
Zvisiiwa: Apo Mushanyi Asingadikanwi
Pasinei zvapo nechido chakasimba chezvinodikanwa, kunzvera kunoverengeka kwakasanogadzwa kunobvumira kunzvera kusina pamutemo muzvoutano negadziriro refu dzetarisiro. Vashandi veushamwari namapoka echengeteko vanofanira kunzwisisa izvi zvakasiyana kudzivisa kuita kunze kwomutemo.
Kubvuma
Kunzvera kunobvumirwa kana mugari kana kuti mumiriri anotenderwa nomutemo akasununguka uye nokuzvidira. Kubvuma kunofanira kuziviswa, kujeka, uye kwete kumanikidzwa. Kana mugari wemo akarwara nounyanzvi, kubvumirana kungada kubva kusimba regweta kana kuti muchengeti. Masangano anofanira kuva nemitemo yakajeka pakuwana kubvumidzwa kwakanyorwa kwokunzvera, zvikurukuru apo kunzvera kwacho kusingawirirani nezvinodikanwa zvokukurumidza zvokurapa.
Migariro Yakaoma
Kana paine ngozi yokukurumidza kuupenyu, kuchengeteka, kana kuti kuparadzwa kwouchapupu, kuchengetwa kwemitemo kungangotsvaka pasina chikonzero.
- Mushumo wechombo chiri mukamuri romugari womunyika yacho chinoparira ngozi iri pedyo.
- Zviratidzo zvokuti mugari ari kuzvikuvadza amene nokushingaira kana kuti vamwe.
- Uchapupu hwokuti kubhadharwa kwava kuda kubviswa muchimbudzi kana kuparadzwa.
Hurumende inotonga nyaya yokuratidza kuti pane dambudziko chairo uye kuti kutsvakwa kwacho kwaingova kwokugadzirisa dambudziko racho.
Murangariro Wakajeka
Kana vakuru vakuru vanotarisira mutemo varipo nenzira yapamutemo munzvimbo (semuenzaniso, vanogamuchira danidzo yebetsero) uye vanoona kurambidzwa kana kuti ufakazi mukuona kwakajeka, vangahutora pasina maruramiro. Zvisinei, dzidziso yacho hairuramisiri kupinda munzvimbo kuti vatsvake ufakazi. Somuenzaniso, kana mukuru mukuru wamapurisa ari mukamuri romugari wemo kuti abetsere nemishonga yekurumidziro yemishonga isati iri yapamutemo patafura iri parutivi porutivi porutivi, ufakazi ihwohwo hunogona kushandiswa.
Kuongorora Kunoshanda Nemano Akakodzera
Nzvero dzakawanda dzenguva dzose .ndariradzo dzakafanana nokunzvera kudzivirira moto, kunzverwa kwemitemo youtano, uye kuhwirudzura kwezvoutano, hazvidi pamutemo nemhaka yokuti ivo vari vadzo muchisiko navashandisi venzvimbo dzakabvuma kwavari semugariro wendaza. Zvisinei, kana munzveri akatsvaka kufutunura kunzvera kupfuura zvinobvumirwa (g., kuzarura mabhokisi akavharwa pasina chikonzero), rugwaro rungadikanwa. Vawaniki vanofanira kuziva maruramiro avo uye kubatira pamwe nokunzvera kwapamutemo apo vanodzivirira vagari kubva kuna adzorwi.
Kunzvera Mumamiriro Etsika Akashata (Chiito Chinotsiva)
Apo nzvimbo yezvoutano yavanhu kana kuti vashandi vayo vanochengetedza inoita kunzvera pasina kubatanidzwa kwehurumende, Iwechina Amendment haishandi. Iyoyi inowanzonzi “nzvero yapachivande” dzidziso. Somuenzaniso, kana muitiro womusha unochengeterwa vakwegura uchibvumira vashandi kunzvera dzimba dzavagari vemo nokuda kwemidziyo inoshaika, kunzvera ikoko hakumanikidzwi neFreference yeChina Demendment / inoiswa nzvimbo inowana mvumo yakafanira mubvumirano dzokubvuma. Zvisinei, kana kunzvera kwacho kuchiitwa pabhedhi remitemo kana kuti nechinangwa chokubetsera kunzvera utsotsi, kungazova “kunzvera kwehurumende kunoda mvumo.
Zvivako zvinofanira kusiyanisa zvakajeka pakati pokutsvaka zvinangwa zvokuchengeteka kwomukati neizvo zvinokumbirwa nemitemo.
Kutarisirwa Chaiko Mutarisiro Yakareba 76
Nzvimbo dzokutarisira vana dzenguva refu dzinopa denho yechienzi nemhaka yokuti vagari vazhinji havana simba rakazara rokuita zvisarudzo.
Utachiona uye Kubvumirana
Kumugarwa ane simba repamutemo kana kuti asingagoni kuongorora pfungwa, nzvimbo inofanira kubvunza mushandisi wokutarisira utano womugari, simba regweta, kana kuti dare rakagadzwa. Kana pasina munhu akadaro anowanika, nzvimbo haingabvumiri mutengi woga woga woga woga woga woga woga. Munyaya dzakadaro, mutoro unochinjirwa kumutemo kuti uwane pamutemo unobvumira kana kuti kuratidzira mamiriro ezvinhu okunze.
Kuzivikanwa Kwemanyoro Ezvokurapa
Nzvera dzinotambanukira kuzvinyorwa zvezvokurapa, mashoko outano, kana kuti mabhurokwa zvinomutsa zvimwe zvinetso zvakavanzika mumitemo yehurumende. Kunyange nefashoni, kudzikamisa mutemo kunofanira kutevera miitiro yakananga yokuwana mashoko outano akadzivirirwa (PI). HiPAAmfic Relation Relages revrect of PHI mumhinduro yewindi kana kuti nhevedzano yedare, asi mwero unofanira kuganhurirwa kumashoko anenge akumbirwa. Zvikero zvinofanira kuva nemitemo yokuhwirudzura kuti zvibvumikiso zvoutano zvakakotseka kuva nechokwadi chokuti zvinoshanda uye zvinokweverwa zvishoma.
Kushandiswa Kwekuchengeteka Nemapepa Okuwana
Zvipatara zvenguva refu zvazvino zvinoshandisa makamera okuongorora munzvimbo dzinozivikanwa navose uye gadziriro dzemagetsi kuti zviwanike kundonzvera nokubuda. Nepo maturusi iwawa achigona kuyamura nzvero, angaparirawo itiro dzakavanzika. Chibvumikiso chingadikanwa kuwana nzvimbo dzinoenda vanhu vageremo vanotarisira kuva voga zvine mufungo, zvakadai somukati memakamuri emunhu oga kana kuti zvimbudzi. Kuitira matare anozivikanwa navose, kazhinji kazhinji anobvumira mutemo kuhwirudzura pasina pamutemo kana uri murangariro wavose uye usati uri wezvapa.
Miitiro Yakanakisisa Nokuda Kwavatarisiri Vezvoutano Navashandi
Kuti vadzivirire kodzero dzevagari vemo neperero yesangano, kutarisirwa kweutano kwose uye nzvimbo yokutarisira vana yakareba inofanira kushandisa mitemo yakasimba uye mapurogiramu okurovedza. Pasi apa pane miitiro yakanakisisa inoshanda.
Ziva Muitiro Wokutsvaka Wakanyorwa
Muitiro wakajeka unoratidza kuti kuongorora kungaitwa rini uye sei kungaita nevashandi vepanzvimbo yacho nerokuchengetera mapurisa. Muitiro wacho unofanira kukurukura:
- Ndiani angabvumira kutsvaka (munzira inoverengeka, mutungamiriri, mutarisiri woukoti, mukuru wechengeteko).
- Zvinodikanwa zvokuwana mvumo kuvagari vemo kana kuti vamiriri vapamutemo.
- Kuronga kushanda pamwe chete nokuchengetwa kwomutemo, kubatanidza chikumbiro chapamutemo nokuda kwetsamba.
- Mipimo yakanyorwa nokuda kwokutsvaka kuri kwose, kubatanidza nguva, nzvimbo, kurangarira, uye vanhu varipo.
Rovedza Vashandi Nemirayiro Yepamutemo
Vashandi vose vangabatanidzwa mukutsvaka — kubatanidza vakoti, vabatsiri, vashandi vechengeteko, uye vatarisiri — vanofanira kugamuchira rovedzo yegore negore pakodzero dzeGadziriro Yechina, zvinodikanwa zvokutungamirira, uye muitiro wenzvimbo yacho. Kurovedza kunofanira kusimbisa kuti vashandi havagoni kubvuma nokuda kwomugari wemo kunze kwokunge vane chiremera chapamutemo, uye havatongofaniri kubetsera kuchengetwa kwomutemo pasina maruramiro kana kuti kusiiwa kwapamutemo.
Kunyora Zvinhu Zvose
Zvinyorwa zvakakwana zvinodzivirira nzvimbo yacho kana kutsvakwa kwakazoshorwa. Zvinyorwa zvinofanira kusanganisira:
- Chikonzero chokutsvaka kwacho (munzira, kuitira hanya chengeteko, kushuma kuba, njodzi yokurapwa).
- Kana rugwaro rwaiwanikwa kana kuti rwaingoitwawo zvawo rwaitsamira pachiri.
- Kana kubvumira kunoitwa, zita romunhu anobvuma uye ukama hwavo nemugari wemo.
- Paitsvakwa zvinhu zvacho, paiva netsanangudzo yainyatsoratidza kuti zvinhu zvacho zvakabatwa kana kuti zvakatamiswa.
Kurumidza Kubvunza Mazano Epamutemo
Zvivako zvakawanda zvine matare 24/7 nokuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu anokurumidzira. Kunonoka kutsvaka mazano epamutemo mumaminitsi mashomanana kuri nani zvikuru pane kubvumira nzvimbo yacho kuti ive nemhosva.
Dzikamisa Kuchengeteka Nekodzero Dzako
Iri basa ringaruramisa kunzvera kwakaganhurirwa pasi pomutemo wenzvimbo yavose (g., kunzvera kamuri romugari wemo nokuda kwemishonga isingagoni kuparira kuvadziko). Zvisinei, kunzvera kwakadaro kunofanira kuva kusinganyanyi kutsiva uye hakutongofaniri kuva chikonzero chokunzvera utsotsi. Kunyora dziviriro yacho kunotambudza.
Mutemo Wevarwi uye Kutungamirira
Kunzwisisa izvi kunogona kubatsira zvivako kuita maererano nezvazvinoita uye kudzivirira zvavanoita.
- KAtz v. United States [1967] – yakatanga “kutarisira kune mufungo kwokuva woga”, uko kuri pakati pokuongorora mukunzvera kupi nokupi, kubatanidza zvipatara nemisha youkoti.
- Mukutsvakazve kwapaFairway Medical Clinic[[FLT]] [10:3] (10th. 2001) – Akasvika kunzvera kusina kufanira zvinyorwa zvekiriniki yezvokurapa zvakaputsa Gadziriro yeChina, kusimbisa kuti nzvimbo dzezvoutano hadzina kubvumira hurumende kupindira kusina maruramiro.
- Mirayiridzo yeLingber Care Facial Facial [Mabasa eChipo) – Tsigirai kuti vagari vemo vane maruramiro okuva voga mumakamuri avo uye kuti kunzvera kunofanira kuitwa nemvumo kana kuti chiremera chapamutemo. Zvitendero zvinokundikana kudzivirira idzi kodzero dzinoiswa mungozi nerasikirwo yedzo.
- Tsamba yenhungamiro yeRuramisiro pamusoro pokunzvera zvivako zvokurapa [[FLT: 1] inosimbisa kuti vamiriri vehurumende vanofanira kuwana maruramiro kazhinji kazhinji vasati vapinda munzvimbo dzokutarisira murwere kana kuti kuwana marekodhi ezvokurapa.
Dare romutemo iri rinojekesa kuti bhawa rokuongorora utano pasina chikonzero rakakwirira.Vashandi veurombo vanofanira kukanganisa parutivi rwokuda rugwaro ndokutsvaka zano repamutemo apo kuchengetwa kwomutemo kunokumbira kuwanikwa.
Mirangariro Inozivikanwa Navose Nemisungo
Vatarisiri vezvoutano vazhinji vanodavira nenzira isiriyo kuti nemhaka yokuti nzvimbo inodzorwa zvikuru, vatsigiri vomutemo vanogona kunzvera vakasununguka. Ikoku hakuna kururama. Kudzorwa hakudzivisi kodzero dzeChina dze Amendment. Chimwe chikanganiso ndechokuti “kungwarira” kunoruramisa kunzvera kusina maruramiro. Chaizvoizvo, kurumidziro inofanira kuva yakakomba uye yakakomba nyumwiro isina kujeka kana kuti kuvadziko haikwanirisi.
Misungo yokudzivisa inosanganisira:
- Kubvumira mapurisa ku “pfuura napo. nzvimbo isina judha – Kunyange kunzverwa kwezviono kwamakamuri kunogona kuva kutsvaka kana kuchipfuura chinooneka munharaunda dzakarovedzeka.
- Kuisa pachena kuti kubvumira kubvumira kuisa panzvimbo yapamutemo kodzero dzose dzakavanzika – Nepo nzvimbo ingawana mvumo yokutsvaka madonzo asingachinjiki, kubvumirana kwakadaro hakungoerekani kwadziri kwokuita kuti mutemo utevedzerwe.
- Kufara kunyora hwaro hwenzvero isina maruramiro – Pasina zvinyorwa, chivako chacho chichaparapatika kururamisa zviito zvacho mudare.
- [ Kudzosa kubvuma kwomugari wemo – Kana mugari achinzwa achidzvinyirirwa navashandi kana kuti vatsigiri vomutemo, kubvumirana kungava kusina maturo. Mushandi haatongofaniri kutyisidzira mugari wemo kuwana mvumo yokunzvera.
Kupedzisa: Kudzivirira Kodzero Paunenge Uchiedza Kuchengeteka
Zvinodikanwa zvisingachinji mutarisiro youtano nenzvimbo dzokutarisira zvirefu zvakagadzirwa kudzivirira chiremera nechivandika zvavanhu avo vanowanzova vasina dziviriro. Vatarisiri venzvimbo dzinochengeteka, mapoka evashandi vepo, uye vashandi vepamberi vanofanira kunzwisisa apo chibvumirano chinodikanwa, apo kusawirirana kunoshanda, uye nzira yokunyora nayo zviito zvavo nenzira yakafanira. Kupfurikidza nokutevera mutemo nokunzvera zano rapamutemo, zvivako zvinogona kuita misengwa yazvo yekotsekano pasina kuputsa kodzero dzemitemo yavagari vemo. Kusvika kunotsinhirana nejekajeka, kubatanidza rovedzo yavashandi, uye kubatirana nemitemo inonzvera yose iri yose iri pamutemo uye inotenderwa. Yeuka: Kunzvera kwakanakisisa ndiko kunobvumirwa, kunonyorwa, uye kunonyorwa.