Muzera ranhasi remitengo, pfungwa yokuva woga yakavapo zvinoshamisa. Nokufambira mberi kwokukurumidza kworuzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, nzira iyo mashoko omunhu oga anounganidzwa nayo, anochengetwa, uye anoshandiswa yakamutsa funganyo huru pamusoro pekodzero dzevanhu voga. Kuwanda kwemafoni, masangano ezvinobudisa nhau, uye maInternet anoreva kuti anenge mativi ose oupenyu hwazvino uno anosiya kunyorwa kwemakombiyuta. Nyaya ino inoongorora kukosha kwamaruramiro emunhu oga munguva ino inorondedzerwa nokuongorora, kukwira mumitevedzero yemitemo, migumisiro yemagariro enhau, uye nhanho dzinoshanda kuti adzivirire mashoko omunhu oga.

Kunzwisisa Kodzero Dzokuva Woga

Kodzero dzavanhu dzapakuvamba dzinodzivirira vanhu pakuvhozhokera kusina kufanira muupenyu hwavo hwomunhu oga, miviri, uye mashoko. Idzi maruramiro anoiswa muChikamu 12 cheUniversal Declaration of Human Rights, iyo inotaura kuti "hapana munhu achadzorwa nedzosero youngwaru hwake, mhuri, musha kana kuti rugwaro." Mufungo une mavambo makuru ouzivi, anotambanukira shure kuvafungi vakaita saJohn Locke, uyo akarevera kodzero yomusikirwo kunzvimbo, kubatanidza munhu amene uye mashoko anotangwa nomunhu iyeyo.

Kodzero dzekuva woga dzinosanganisira uremu hunoverengeka:

  • Kururama nokuvanda mukurukurirano – Kariro yokuti runhare, maemail, uye mashoko zvinoramba zvakavanzika pasina ruramiso yapamutemo nokuda kwokudzivisa.
  • Akarurama kudzora mashoko omunhu oga – Mano okusarudza kuti ndiani anounganidza, anoshandisa, uye anogoverana mashoko pamusoro pako, kubatanidza marekodhi outano, udzame hwemari, uye nhau yenzvimbo.
  • Kunofanira kukanganwika kurudyi[ - Kodzero yokubvisa mashoko omunhu oga apo kunenge kusati kuchadikanwa nokuda kwedonzo rayakaunganidzwa, kana kuti apo munhu anoramba kubvumirana.

Asi pfungwa iyi inoramba ichireva kuti vanhu vanofanira kuva nenzvimbo yavanozvisarudzira pasina kana kuongorora.

Kuwedzera Kwezvikamu Zvemagetsi

Hurumende nemasangano zvino zviri kuona mabasa ari paIndaneti zviri kutoita kuti vanhu vasava nechokwadi chokuti zvinhu izvi hazvienderani.

Purogiramu Dzezvirongwa Zvehurumende

Pashure pekurwisa kwaSeptember 11, nyika dzakawanda dzakawedzera mano adzo okuongorora. National Security Agency (NSA) yakatanga mapurogiramu okuunganidza mashoko akawanda pasi pePatriot 215 yePatriot Act, yakaziviswa nomupfuri weriva Edward Snowden muna 2013. Zvirongwa izvi zvakaunganidza metameter kubva parunhare uye paInternet kukurukurirana kwemamiriyoni evagari vemowo zvavo, kwete kungoongorora chete. Zvirongwa zvakafanana zviripo muUK (Temporal), China (gadziriro yechikwereti chemunhu neRussia). Kururamisa kunowanzova kupesana neUDSM, asi kuwanda kunowanzopfuura zvinodiwa uye mwero.

Miitiro Yokuunganidza Mashoko Yesangano

Makambani oruzivo rwokuwana mapepa omushandisi anowana mhindu. Mapepa akadai seGoogle, Meta (Bhayi), uye Amazon anonyora mufambiro womunhu panzvimbo dzewebsite, maapps, uye kunyange panze pete pawo panzvimbo yokutenga. [FLT] zvinotsiva computation, shoko rakagadzirwa napurofesa weHarvard Shoshana Zuboff, rinorondedzera kuti makambani anounganidza nokunzvera mashoko omunhu oga kufanoziva nokupesvedzera tsika dzevanhu. Zvishandiso zvokuchenjera zvichibva kunyanzvi dzinokwanisa kuunganidza mashoko anogona kugoveranwa nenhengo dzechitatu. Chibayiro cha20181818561, chakaratidzira kuti mashoko anotevedzerwa zvakanaka zvakasha Facebookswo, zvinochinja mavhoti enyika munyika yose.

Kuongorora Mapurogiramu Ezvinhu Zvemabhaisikopo uye Mamirire Ezvinhu

Masangano enzanga anokurudzira kugoverana nguva dzose, kuchinja nguva dzakavanzika kuva nzvimbo dzehurumende. Munguva ino, ruzivo rwokuziva chiso, rwakaiswa munzvimbo dzavose nemitemo uye vatengesi, runoita kuti vazivikanwe pasina kubvuma. Makambani akadai seVeview AI akabvisa mifananidzo yakabva kuzvinhu zvinobudisa nhau kuti avake shopu inoziva chiso inotengeserwa masangano emapurisa, zvichisimudzira kuva voga uye kunetseka nezverusununguko rwevagari vemo.

Kutapura Nzanga

Kupararira kwakaita kuongorora zvinhu nemakombiyuta kune migumisiro yakakura yenzanga inopfuura kuvhiringidzika kwevanhu.

Zvinobatsira Pakutaura Nekutaura Kwakasununguka

Apo vanhu vanodavira kurukurirano dzavo dzinoongororwa, ivo vamene vanonzvera. Nzvero yakaitwa nePew Research Center yakawana kuti 38% yavaAmerica vanotaura kuti vanodzivisa kukurukura misoro yakati paIndaneti nemhaka yeitiro hanya yokuti hurumende kana kuti makambani ari kutarira. Iyi inoparira pesvedzero [ inosekesa hurukuro yedemokratiki nemutengi. Dissident, vatori venhau, uye vanosimudzira hurumende dzinotonga dzinotonga dzakatarisana nenjodzi dzakati: zvishandisiro zvokunzvera zvinogoverwa namakambani akadai seNSO Groult (Pegas purectorawes) zvakashandiswa kudenha kodzero dzavanhu vamiriri vemitemo navanyori venhau.

Tapuro Pakusabvumirana Nezvamatongerwe Enyika

Kufamba kwepasi kunogona kudzvinyirira chishoro chezvamatongerwe enyika. MuHong Kong, National Security Law yakabatanidzwa nokunyora kwemichina yakatungamirira kukushandiswa kwenzwi repro-democracy. MuUnited States, hurumende yakashandisa zvibvumikiso zvejiramikoro kuti izive vapindi mukuramba, zvakadai se 2020 Black Lives Concent proging. Byzatis yokuzivikanwa nokuwedzerwa kudura manyuro ehurumende inodzivisa vakawanda kushandisa maruramiro avo emitemo.

Migumisiro Yacho Panzanga Dzisina Kukodzera Kutevedzana

Masangano anototarisana norusaruro anokuvadzwa zvikuru nokuongororwa. Marobhoti emapurisa anofungidzira, anowanzopiwa mashoko enhau anosarura, anoisa ngwariro yemapurisa panharaunda dzine vanhu vashoma. Nhapwa dzinogara munyika muUnited States dzinonetseka kuti mashoko anowanikwa nemabasa enzanga angashandiswa kuendesa vanhu kumabasa okupinda munyika.

Mabasa Apamutemo Okudzivirira Kodzero Dzekodzero Dzevanhu

Zvirongwa zvepamutemo zvakasiyana - siyana zviripo kuti zvidzivirire kodzero dzemunhu oga, kubva pazvibvumirano zvenyika yose kusvika kumitemo yenyika yose.

Kudzivirira Kuchinja KweDSV (GDPR)

European Union’s GDPR, inoshanda muna 2018, itsika yendarama yokudzora kuvandika. Inopa vanhu kodzero dzokupinda, kururamisa, kudzima, uye kuisa mashoko avo. Makambani anofanira kuwana kubvumira kwakananga kwokugadzirwa kwemashoko, kuongorora kwakavanzika, uye kushuma mumaawa 72. Zvishamiso zvinogona kusvika ku4% yechitsama chenyika yose chegore negore. GDPR yapesvedzera mutemo munyika yose, kubva kuBrazil'S LGPD kusvikira kuJapan's APPI. Kudzidza kwemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi neInternational Association of Ficrealgial Proligies kwawana kuti GDPR kuzviisa pasi penyika yose kwavandudza matepiki ebasa asi kuwedzerwa mari yebhizimisi.

Kushandisa Chirango Chemari Chevanhu Vasina Kuziva Nezvevamwe kuCalifornia (CCPA)

CCPA yeCalifornia, inobudirira 2020, yakapa vatengi maruramiro okuziva izvo makambani emitemo omunhu oga anounganidza, maruramiro okubvisa mashoko iwayo, uye maruramiro okusarudza kusaatengesa. Muna 2023, California Ancy Rights Act (CPRA) yakakudza idzi maruramiro, ichiita sangano rokuchengeta kwakazvitsaurira. CCPA inoshanda kumunhu upi noupi nokuda kwokubata mabhizimisi ebhizimisi kwavagari veCalifornia, pasinei zvapo nenzvimbo, ichikuita mupimo wenyika yehurumende nokuda kwamakambani akawanda.

Sungano Yenyika Yose Yekodzero Dzevagari Vemo Nedzematongerwe Enyika (ICCPR)

Chikamu 17 cheICCPR chinorambidza kudzongonyedza kwokuzvidira kana kuti kusiri kwapamutemo nokuva voga. Nepo kusiri kuzviparadza, kunobatanidza nyika uye kuzivisa rondedzero dzedare. Zvisinei, kudzikamisa hakuna simba, uye nyika dzakawanda dzinopinda mumapurogiramu okuongorora kukuru netarisiro yakaganhurirwa. Mhaka inokosha ndi Hama Watch v. United Kingdom[FLT] [FLT] [1], apo European Court of Human Rights yakawana kuti hurumende yeUK yakadzora matongero makuru yakaputsa Chikamu 8 (kururamisika) cheChibvumirano cheEurope pakodzero dzevanhu.

Matambudziko Okutsigira Kodzero Dzomunhu Oga

Kufambira mberi kweruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu kunowanzopfuura kurongwa kwemitemo, zvichisiya mikana yokudzivirira.

Kumanikidzwa Kwemitemo Yokuva Woga Kwakakwana

Kunyange apo mitemo yakasimba iripo, kuchengetwa kunogona kuderera kana kuti kudzorwa. Irish Data Protection Commission, mutungamiriri wemutobvu wemakambani akawanda ezvoruzivo rwezvokugadzirwa pasi peGDPR, akatsoropodzwa nokuda kwokunzvera kwenhano nefaindi yakaderedzwa ine chokuita nemari yebhizimisi. MuUnited States, mitemo yezvezvakavanzika zvemakambani (HIPAA nokuda kwoutano, FERPA nokuda kwedzidzo, GBA nokuda kwemari) inogadzira basa rinosiya marudzi mazhinji emashoko asina kuchengeteka, nepo Federal Trade Commission ine mite yemikoro inoganhurira miteko yokuchengeta.

Zvigadzirwa Zvinoshandiswa Pachishandiswa Michina Yakawanda

Ungwaru hwokugadzira, kudzidza michina, uye Indaneti yeZvinhu (IoT) zvinoumba ngozi itsva yakavanzika. Vagadziri vemienzaniso yeAI vanogona kuratidzira mavara anotapurika (chimiro chevatano, mirangariro yezvamatongerwe enyika, mugariro woutano) kubva muzvinoratidzika kuva zvisina donzo. Makambani akangwara akadai seAmazon Ring akabatanidzwa nokubatirana kwamapurisa, uye mashoko anobva kuvabatsiri venzwi anodzokororwa pane dzimwe nguva nevavakidzani vavanhu. Kumuka kwemifungo yemifungo yemifungo yeropa kunopa dziviriro. EU's AUS Act inokarakadzwa kuedza kukurukura dzimwe nhau idzi, asi ruzivo rwokugadzirwa nemhepo runopfuurira kugadziridza kumhanya kupfuura mutemo.

Kuziva Vanhu uye Kunzwisisa Kodzero Dzako Dzokuva Woga

Vanhu vazhinji vanoramba vasingazivi pamusoro poukuru hwemiunganidzwa yemashoko kana kuti nzira yokudzivirira nayo kuva kwavo voga. Mitemo yakavanzika yakakurumbira kuva yakareba uye yakaoma zvikuru. “‘ MuAmericawo zvake angada maawa 244 pagore kurava muitiro uri wose wakavanzika wavanosangana nawo, mukuwirirana nefundo 2019 yakaitwa naCarnegie Mellon University. dhaka retsono[ [_____papo vanhu vanoratidza itiro duku, [zhinjiro] nemhaka yokushaiwa nzwisiso, nguva, kana kuti kutenda kuchachinja kuchavapo.

Basa Revanhu Pakudzivirira Kuva Voga

Nepo kuchinja kwegadziriro yezvinhu kuri madikanwa, vanhu vamwe navamwe vanogona kuita nhano dzine revo dzokudzivirira mashoko avo voga munyika inogadzirwa nekombiyuta.

Shandisa Zvisina Kufanira Zvakasimba, Zvorumwe Rumwe uye Ita Kuti Vaviri Vave Vanonyatsosimbisa

Mamaneja eshoko remosvera akadai seBitwaden kana kuti 1 Password anogadzira nokuchengeta mashoko okuisa maresi matsva akaoma, achideredza ngozi yokuba vatengi. Mafekitari maviri anowedzera kuchengeteka, zvichiita kuti zviomere vapari kuwana maakaundi kunyange kana mashoko okusaita akabvumiraniswa. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) inorumbidza kushandisa makiyi ezvekudzivirira eXshing-restant (g., YubiKey) panobvira.

Gadziriro Dzokuva Woga Dzokuongorora Pazvishandiso Nemaakaundi

Zvose zviri zviviri Apple iOS naAndroid zvinogovera ganhuriro dzakavanzika dzakavanzika dzapaburundi dzinodzorwa neamburera yeapps kuinodikanwa bedzi, kudzima mabasa enzvimbo nokuda kweasingaadi, uye kubvisa kunyora kwapanyuziko. Padesiki, mabhurari eweb akadai seFirefox na Brave anopa dziviriro yakawedzerwa. Ongorora purogiramu dzakavanzika dzenzanga kamwe chete kane, sezvo zvikuvaramisiro zvinowanzovandudza kugadziridza kwazvo kwazvakaisvonaka kugoverana mashoko akawanda.

Ngwarira Kuudza Vamwe Mashoko Ako PaIndaneti

Funga kaviri usati waisa mapikicha ane mapeji akadhindwa, uchiudzana musi wawakaberekwa, kana kuti uchiita zvokubvunza paIndaneti mashoko anotengwa kuti utengese. Mazita avose uye mapepa anotengesa mashoko aya anotengeserwa vashambadzi, vatambi veIndaundi, uye vashandirwi. Masangano akadai seDelete Me anogona kubatsira kubvisa mashoko ako panzvimbo dzinoiswa mashoko, asi nzira iri nyore ndeyokuderedza zvaunotengesa.

Shandisa Kunyora Pamagwaro uye Kushandisa Zvinhu Zvausingazivi

Khonzai kurukurirano yenyu: shandisai Signal kana kuti WhatsApp nokuda kwokutumira mashoko (zvose zviri zviviri kushandisa kunyorwa kwokupedzisira-kunyora kupfurikidza nokusasarura). Shandisai chitima kuvanza kero yako yeIP, zvikurukuru paWi-Fi. Rangarira kushandisa injini dzokunzvera dzapachena dzakadai seDuckDuck Go uye matura eemail se ProtonMail. REctronGenetic Foundation[[FLM:1]] inogovera nezvishandiso zvokudzivirira kuva wogarira.

Nguva Yemberi Yekodzero Dzokuva Woga

Nguva yemberi yekodzero dzokuva woga ichatsamira zvikurukuru pazvimiro zvenzanga kuungwaru nedziviriro yamashoko.

Kuwedzera Kudiwa Nevanhu Kuti Vaone Kutarisika

Vatengi vari kuraira nenzira inowedzera kuti makambani ave anoonesa pachena pamusoro pemiitiro yedata. Apple's Traping Transparency system, inoda kuti apps dzikumbire mvumo pamberi pokunyora, muenzaniso wechivande chemisika. Kunzvera 2023 kunoitwa nevanovhenganisa kwakaratidza kuti 84% yavatengi vane hanya nokuva voga uye 80% vanodisa kuita chiito / kupfurikidza nokuchinja madhindindindindi kana kuti mabhadharo. Iyi dzvinyiriro iri kusunda mamwe makambani kutora zvakavanzika sebetsero yamakwikwi.

Kugadzirwazve Kwezvigadzirwa Zvesayenzi Mukudzivirirwa Kwemashoko

Kubatanidza matendi anopesana sechakavanzika chakasiyana (zvinoshandiswa neApple neGoogle), homomorphic compry, uye kudzidza kwakawedzerwa kunobvumira kunzvera mashoko pasina kufumura mibatanidzwa yemifungo yomunhu oga. Umene unobva pablockchain, ipa vanhu udzori hwakawanda pamusoro pemavara avo. [[FLT]]GDPR yanyandura kutanga kwemichina yokushandisa kuisa pachivande (PET), nemichina inovakisa kuvamba kuvamba kugadziridza kugadziridza kuiswa kwoungwaru, kubvumira, uye kunyora mashoko.

Kushandira Pamwe Munyika Yose Pamipimo Yokuva Woga

Sezvo miganhu inotevedzana, batira pamwe yenyika yose yakakomba. EU-US Data Bycycy Formework, inotsiva Aspen Shield isina simba, inovavarira kudzora kutsinhanyidzwa kwamashoko anochinja achichinja mativi enyika ichiita kuti pave nechokwadi chedziviriro dzakaringanira. Council of Europe’s Convention 108+ inotsvaka kutsinhiranisa mipimo yezvakavanzika munyika yose. Zvisinei, kusawirirana kwezvamatongerwe enyika netsika dzakasiana- siyana pamusoro pokunzvera (g., gadziriro yechikwereti yenzanga yeChina inowirirana nemifananidzo yokuMadokerokuMadokero) inoita kuti mupimo wenyika yose uve wakaoma. [[FFT:0] ACLUU uye mamwe mapoka echigatiko anoramba kukurudzira nokuda kwezvibvumirano zvokubatanidza zviwiro zvakavanzika zvakavanzika.

mhedziso

Kana tisiri toga, vanhu havagoni kuongorora pfungwa vakasununguka, kuita kuti ukama hwavo husaongororwa, kana kuti huve nesimba. Kuderera kwekodzero dzemunhu oga kunokuvadza rusununguko rwevamwe.

Kunokosha kuti vanhu vamwe navamwe, masangano, uye hurumende vashande pamwe chete kudzivirira maruramiro makuru kuvandika munyika inowedzera kubatanidzwa. Vanhu vamwe navamwe vanofanira kugara vachiziva ndokuita nhano dzinopfuurira. Masangano anofanira kuvanza kupfurikidza negadziriro muzvinhu zvawo uye kubvumira kworuremekedzo. Hurumende dzinofanira kuronga gadziriro dzapamutemo kuti dziwirirane nezvinhu zvoruzivo rwokuzviwanira nesimbiso yakasimba. Nokuda kwokuwedzera kurava, PRIVITAGE International[[[[FLM:1]] inopa mitoongeri yezvipfuto yakaisvonaka pakungwarira nyika yose uye kubatira pamutemo kwoungwariro yomunhu. Kurwira kuva woga irwisa rusununguko kuti ruve munhu muzera ramadhikioni.