Mavambo Ehurumende Yomunzvimbomo muUnited States

Hurumende yomunzvimbomo mwero wokutonga kuri pedyosa navanhu, uye zvisarudzo zvayo zvine simba rapakarepo, rinojeka paupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kunzwisisa chimiro chehurumende yomunzvimbomo kunokosha kuti inzwisise kuti zvishandiso zvenzanga zvinoumbwa sei. MuUnited States, hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinokamuraniswa mumarudzi anoverengeka: maturamende (maguta namataundi), marokishi, maruwa echikoro, uye maruwa chaiwo (zvakadai semvura, moto, kana kuti zviremera zvokufambisa). Rudzi rumwe norumwe rune mitoro yakasiana namasimba, izvo zvinotorwa mumirayiro nemiraumbirwo yehurumende.

Mahofisi ezvikoro anobata mabasa eguta akadai semapurisa nedziviriro yomoto, nzvimbo dzinochengeterwa zvivako, mapaki avose, uye migwagwa yomunzvimbomo. Matura anowanzogovera mabasa eruwa akadai sematare, majeri, madhipatimendi outano hwavanhu vose, uye mabasa enzanga. Maruwa ezvikoro anoshanda oga kuti atarisire mari nedzidzo, nepo maruwa chaiwo achikurukura zvinodikanwa chaizvo sezvinodikanwa zvokuraswa kana kuti kutakura vanhu vazhinji. [[FLT: 0] National League of Cities inogovera kupfupikisa kukuru kweizvi zvirongwa nemasimba awo akasiyana - siyana.

Nheyo huru yapamutemo inoumba chiremera chehurumende yomunzvimbomo musiano pakati pe "kutonga kwehurumende yemo yemo" ne "Kutonga kweGwayana". Kutonga kwomusha kunopa hurumende dzomunzvimbomo rusununguko rwakafara kuti dziite chiito panhau dzeitiro hanya yomunzvimbomo kutoti yakarambidzwa zvakajeka nehurumende. Dillon's Ruramo, mukupesana, inoganhurira hurumende dzomunzvimbomo kumasimba iwayo bedzi akapiwa nedare rehurumende. Kunzwisisa iyi gadziriro inova yakakomba inova yakakomba nemhaka yokuti inoisa kuoma kupfurikidza sei hurumende yomunzvimbomo kutsaura zviwanikwa, levy mitero, kana kuti kuita mapurogiramu matsva. Zvinoshanda pasi pechimiro chakati choKutonga kweDillon's, uko kunogona kuganhurira kugadziridzwa kwehurumende yomunzvimbomo nokugamuchira.

Mitambo yeCore neUniversal

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzine mutoro wokugovera mativi akawandisa emabasa anokosha anotapura zvakananga garikano yenzanga. Nepo nyaya yapakuvamba yakasimbisa mabasa akadai semvura, kutarisirwa kwetsvina, uye chengeteko yavose, ukuru hwakatokura. Mabasa makuru anobatanidza:

  • Kotsekano yePublic: Mapurisa, madhipatimendi omwoto, mabasa ekurumidziro, uye kugadzirira ngwavaira.
  • Furamezi: Migwagwa, mabhiriji, nzira dzomumugwagwa, mwenje womumugwagwa, mvura, gadziriro dzetsvina, uye mapaki.
  • [ Mashandiro emunhu neanoitirwa vanhu: Madhipatimendi outano omunzvimbomo, makiriniki enzanga, mabasa apamusoro, uye zvirongwa zvokubetsera.
  • Tsamba:[ Kushandisa nokuda kwezvikoro zvavose K-12 uye pane dzimwe nguva makoreji enzanga, pamwe chete namaraibhurari uye mapurogiramu apashure pechikoro.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kukura kwezvemari: kurudziro dzeBhizimisi, rovedzo yavashandi, zvirongwa zvedzimba dzinodhura, uye kuvandudzwa kwebasa.
  • [ Nzanga netsika:[ mapaka avose, nzvimbo dzenzanga, mamiziyamu, uye mapurogiramu ounyanzvi.

Mabasa ose aya anokwikwidzana nokuda kwemari yomutero yakaganhurirwa, mipiro, uye misha yomusha. Muitiro wokugoverwa kwacho unodzorwa netsananguro yemari yegore negore, iyo inogadzirwa namaneja weguta kana kuti meya uye inotenderwa nedare reguta kana kuti dare reruwa. Kuteerera mabhadharo kazhinji kazhinji kunova nzvimbo dzinoda mari inoshandiswa nevagari vemo nokuda kwemibato yavo yavanoda. Chimiro chinokura kubhadharwa mari yakavakirwa pakushandisa mari, uko mabodhiro anobhadharwa panzvimbo pemipimo yenhau. Uyu mutoo unogona kuvandudza kuro wakanaka asi unoda kuunganidzwa kwemibato yemibato mikurusariranwa.

Somuenzaniso, taundi rinoisa mari yakawanda munzira dzomumugwagwa uye mumigwagwa yebhasikoro ringava nemari shoma nokuda kwenguva yamapurisa yokushanda.

Kuitwa Kunoitwa Zvisarudzo Zvehurumende Yomunzvimbomo

Muitiro wokuita chisarudzo muhurumende yomunzvimbomo unoshanda uye unobatanidza mibatanidzwa mizhinji yemubato napamutemo. Kazhinji kazhinji, meya kana kuti maneja weguta anokarakadza muitiro kana kuti bhajeti, iyo inoenda kupfurikidza nenzvero yedare, dare rapachena, uye pakupedzisira vhoti yakaitwa nedare rakasarudzwa kana kuti dare. Nyaya yapakuvamba yakaronga zvakarurama misangano yavose nenzwi, mubatanidzwa wenzanga, uye kuronga bhajeti, asi muitiro wacho wakafanirwa nokunzvera muudzame hukuru hukuru.

Gadziriro Yomutemo MumaDare Omunzvimbomo

Hurumende zhinjisa dzemanisiparati dzinoshanda muboka remeya-council kana kuti redare. Mugadziriro yemeya-council, meya ane masimba makuru uye anogona kudzosa zvisarudzo; mugadziriro yedare redare reMakata, dare reguta rinohaya maneja wenyanzvi kuti abate mabasa ezuva nezuva apo dare rinogadza mutemo. Muzvose zviri zviviri, zvinhu zvinotangwa semiraudzo kana kuti zvisarudzo. Izvo kazhinji kazhinji zvinopfuura nokurava kwakawanda, uye kunzwa kwavose kunodikanwa pamberi petendero yokupedzisira panhau huru dzakadai sechinjo kana kuti kuwedzera kwemitero.

Somuenzaniso, dare rezvemari ringaongorora mashandisiro aro, dare repapaki ringaongorora chirongwa chenzvimbo itsva yokuzvivaraidza.Vagari vemo vanogona kupinda misangano iyi uye kupa uchapupu.

Kurongwa Kwemari Yokushandisa Mari

Mari inodzorwa igwaro rimwe rinokosha zvikurusa rinobudiswa nehurumende yomunzvimbomo nemhaka yokuti rinoshandura zvokutanga mukushandisa. Kutenderera kunovamba nedhipatimendi rimwe nerimwe rinopa zvikumbiro zvemari. Dhipatimendi remari ipapo rinounganidza bhajeti inokarakadzwa, iyo inodzokororwa nameya kana kuti maneja uye ipapo inopinzwa kudare. Kutongwa kwavose kunochengetwa kuti kuunganidze kutsinhirano, kazhinji kazhinji kunosimudzira gadziridzo. Pashure pokurerwa, bhajeti inodzorwa inodzorwa mugore rose, negadziridzo dzegore rapakati kana mari ikakundikana kana kuti kumuka.

Purogiramu dzezvirongwa zvokuvandudza zvikuru (CIP) ndechimwe chinhu chinokosha. Zvirongwa izvi zvamakore akawanda zvinoratidza kuiswa kwemari mugadziriro huru dzezvirongwa zvakadai sezvikoro, migwagwa, uye nzvimbo dzokurapa nemvura. PIP yakabatanidzwa nebhajeti yokushandisa nemhaka yokuti basa rokushandisa zvikwereti (mibhadharo yakabatana) inofanira kubatanidzwa mukushandisa kwegore negore. Kunzwisisa tenderera kwemari kunosimbisa vagari vemo kuti vatsigire mari inoshandiswa isati yapfigirwa munzvimbo.

Basa Rekutongwa Nemhosva Nezvokubudisa Mashoko Munzanga

Kunzwa kwavose kunodikanwa pamutemo nokuda kwezvisarudzo zvizhinji zvomunzvimbomo, asi kazhinji kazhinji hakuitwi. Kuvaka kuvimbisana kwechokwadi, hurumende dzakawanda zvino dzinoshandisa nzvero dzemari dzepaIndaneti, zvishandiso zvemabhajeti zvemagariro avanhu kuti zvisvike vanzwikire. Nyaya yapakuvamba yadudzwa, misangano yehoro yetaundi, mashopu, uye mabutiro epaIndaneti. Chishandiso chapamusoro zvikuru kuronga bhajeti yemari yemari yemari yemari yemari yepaki, uko vagari vanosarudza zvakananga kupedzera chikamu chemari yavose. Somuenzaniso, guta reVallejo, California, rakashandisa mutengo mamirioni emadhora emari okuvandudza nzanga kufanana nepurogiramu dzepwere. [FLT:]

Mumwe mutoo ndiwo kushandiswa kwamapuranga namasangano. Aya mapoka evagari vemo, anganangidzira ngwariro pakuronga, mapaka, kana kuti kuchengetwa, pamaune panhau ndokurumbidza dare. Kubatira paboka rakadaro inzira yakananga yokuti vagari vemo vapesvedzere zvisarudzo zvomunzvimbomo. Vanhu vazhinji havazivi nezveiyi mikana, uko kuri chikonzero nei dzidzo yehurumende ichikosha.

Kuongorora Nyaya: Kuchinja Kwenyika Chaikwoikwo Kwezvisarudzo Zvomunzvimbomo

Nyaya yokutanga yakapa fundo pfupi.

  • Doroba rinonzi A – Public Transit Exportation: Guta rapakati rakatarisana nokukatutirwa kwemichina nenhau dzemhepo rakasarudza kuisa mari mugadziriro yenjanji. Chisarudzo chacho chakauya pashure pamakore okushanda kwenzanga kubva kumapoka emhoteredzo nenzvimbo dzinosvika pasi dzinoshaikwa. dare reguta rakatendera mutero wezvokutengesa kuti utsigire basa, pasinei zvapo nechishoro chinobva kuvagari vomumusha vanofarira kukura kwemigwagwa. Muitiro mutsva wokufambisa gare gare gare gare wakaderedza nguva 30% uye wakanyandura kugadzirwa kwedzimba pedyo nezviteshi. Chino chakakomba chinoratidzira sei kuti chisarudzo chimwe pamusoro pezviteshiso chinogona kudzorerwazve kumabasa, kurapa utano, uye dzidzo kwamakumi amakore.
  • Nhamba yeB – School Renovation and Equity: Nyika ine gadziriro yechikoro chakwegura yakatarisana nedare pamusoro pemari isina kuenzana pakati pemaruwa akapfuma nearombo. Boka reruwa, pasi pedzvinyiriro yedare, rakatendera mwero wechisungo chokugadziridza zvikoro munzvimbo yapasaindwa. Chirongwa chacho chakabatanidza marabhoritari matsva esayenzi, ruzivo rwazvino unorungacherwa, uye nzvimbo dzemitambo dziri nani. Anopfuura makore mashanu, mwero yokupedza kufunda muzvikoro zvakavandudzwa yakawedzera ne15%, uye mipimo yezvinhu mumigariro yakapoteredza yakakwira. Muenzaniso uyu unosimbisa batano pakati pokushandisa dzidzo yedzimbahwe padzidzo yedzidzo nenzanga yakafara.
  • Chisarudzo chakadzorwa nenzvero yenzanga nezvipatara zvomunzvimbomo sePublic Health Investicement: Guta duku rine mwero yakakwirira youremu nechirwere cheshuga rakasarudza kugadzira mubatanidzwa wepaki dzakabatanidzwa nokufamba nokukwiza. Chisarudzo chacho chakadzorwa nenzvero yenzanga uye kubatirana nezvipatara zvomunzvimbomo. Dare retaundi rakagovera mari kubva pamutero wenhandaro uye mari inochengetwa. Mumakore maviri, vagari vemo vakashuma basa rokunyama rakawedzerwa, uye nzvimbo yezvokurapa yakacherekedza kuderera mushanyo dzemagariro dzenguva yapanguva yapamberi. Chino chinoratidzira kuti bhizimisi chehurumende chomunzvimbomo muzvipatara zvevaraidzo chinogona kuva netapuro yavose youtano yavose.
  • Doroba D – Controversial Zoning Change: Guta riri kukura nokukurumidza rakarongazve nzvimbo yokugara kubvumira kukura kwebhizimisi kukuru, kuvimbisa mabasa nemari yomutero. Zvisinei, vagari venguva refu vakaishora nemhaka yefunganyo pamusoro pemotokari, ruzha, uye vagari vomunzvimbomo. Pashure pokunzwa kwokukakavara nemotokari, dare rakagadziridza gadziriro kubatanidza zviteshi zvevhu rakasvibira nerevo. Tsiviso yokupedzisira yakanga iri kubvumiranwa kwakadzikama ikoko kukura kwomugariro wemari nenzanga. Chino ichi chinoratidzira kusagadzikana pakati pekubudirira nokuchengeteka nokukosha kwomugariro wekurukurirano muhurumende yomunzvimbomo.

Matambudziko Airamba Achivapo

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinotarisana nedenho huru dzinogona kudzongonyedza mano adzo okutarisira nenzira inobudirira zviwanikwa zvenzanga. Dzinodzivisa kudzora mamiriro ezvinhu. Dzinonyanyotsamira pamitero yezvinhu, iyo inononoka kudzoka pashure pokuderera kwemitero yemari. Pekuro dzehurumende kana kuti mirairo isina kurongwa inogona kuipisa mamiriro ezvinhu. Kuwedzera kwezvamatongerwe enyika kunogonawo kutambudza madare omunzvimbomo, dzimwe nguva kuchitungamirira kukuwedzera kuvhota kunonetsa. Munguva ino, kukura kwechiverengero chavagari vemo uye kugadziridza maguta kunoparira dzvinyiriro nokuda kwemibato yakawedzerwa nezvivako, nepo vanhu vakwegura vachida kutarisirwa zvikuru.

Kuti vakunde zvipingamupinyi izvi, vakashandisa nzira itsva:

Basa Rinokosha Redzidzo Yemiviri

Nyaya yapakuvamba yakapedzisa negudzano kuvadzidzisi navadzidzi. Kwakafanira kukura pamusoro peicho kunzwisisa hurumende yomunzvimbomo inonetsa vagari vaduku. Zvisarudzo zvomunzvimbomo zvinotapura vadzidzi zvakananga / kupfurikidza nemari yechikoro, nzira dzakakotsekana dzokuenda kuchikoro, maawa eraibhurari, uye purogiramu yapashure pechikoro. Bva maruwa anowanzosimbisa hurumende yehurumende yehurumende, kusia udzori hwenharaunda. Uku kubvisa kunoreva vadzidzi vazhinji vakapedza kudzidza vasingazivi kupinda musangano wedare reguta kana kuti mutsigiri wepaka yomunharaunda.

Zvikoro zvinogona kuvhara mukaha uyu nokubatanidza kudzidza kwakavakirwa pabasa. Somuenzaniso, vadzidzi vanogona kunzvera nhau yomunzvimbomo, kupinda musangano wedare, uye kupa zviwanwa zvavo kuvakuru vakuru. Mamwe maruwa ane vamiririri vavadzidzi pamapurai echikoro, kupa vadzidzi chigaro patafura. Zvikepe zveguta ndeimwe nzira ine simba yokuvaka nayo unyanzvi hwehurumende negadziriro yebasa. sangano reCIBIC[ rinopa vadzidzi zvifundo zvapachena pahurumende yomunzvimbomo, kubatanidza mitambo yemibatanidzwa inoita vadzidzi mukuronga mari uye kuronga nyika.

Masangano enzanga anoitawo rutivi. Masangano asingapinduri akafanana neChinzwano chaVakadzi Voters chinotungamirira vatsigiri vemibato uye muvhoti anosunda kuwirirana noupwere. Kupfurikidza nokubatanidza kudzidza mukirasi nokutora rutivi chairwoirwo rwenyika, zvikoro zvinogona kusimudzira chizvarwa chevagari vemo vakapinzwa, vane ruzivo avo vanonzwisisa kuti zvisarudzo zvehurumende zvomunzvimbomo zvinoumba zvishandiso zvenzanga zuva riri rose.

mhedziso

Zvisarudzo zvehurumende yomunzvimbomo haisi miitiro isingazivikanwi; zvinosarudza kunaka kwemigwagwa, chengeteko yenharaunda, mari yezvikoro, uye kuvapo kwemapaki nemabasa outano. Kuvambira pamuitiro wemitemo nokuronga nhevedzano yemari kusvikira kukuisa zviremera zvavose nokuisa mari yedzimbahwe, rutivi rwuri rwose rwehurumende yomunzvimbomo rune chokuita zvakananga nezviwanikwa zvenzanga. Zvinetso ndezvechokwadi ($fiscal ganhurtions), dzvinyiriro dzezvamatongerwe enyika, uye dzvinyiriro dzevagari vemo (apo) asi ndizvo zvakaitawo, kubva kumasangano anogoverano avose uye ruzivo rwokugadzirwa nokuwana kusvika pakuronga mari yemari yenzanga uye kudzidzo yenzanga.

Nokuda kwavadzidzisi, vadzidzi, uye vagari vemo vakarongerwa, kumuka kwakajeka: kungwarira hurumende yomunzvimbomo hausi basa rehurumende rinofanira kuchengetwa kusvikira takura; ibanza rinopfuurira kuumba nzvimbo dzatinogara, basa, uye kudzidza. kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa kuti zvisarudzo zvinoitwa sei, kutora rutivi mumaitiro avose, uye kuita kuti vakuru vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa vazvidavirire, nzanga dzinogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti pfuma yavo inogoverwa nokuchenjera uye nenzira yakaenzana. Simba rokuumba nzanga riri mumaoko avagari vayo, uye muzvisarudzo zvehurumende yomunzvimbomo.