Amaqonga okudibanisa amaqonga athe atshintsha indlela abantu abadibana ngayo, inkundla, kunye nolwalamano oluhlala luhleli. Yintoni eyaqala njengendawo yokuhlala kunye kunye neewebhsayithi zokuncokola kunye nobuchule bomntu obunemida yelanga edibeneyo idibane nezigidi ngezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi ezikhoyo emhlabeni wonke. Njengoko ezi qonga zivumela amaqhina anzulu, inani elikhulayo lezibini ezikhethayo ukumisela ulwalamano lwazo ngomtshato kunye nolwaluvo lwazo oluzinzileyo. Oku kunyuse ukutshintsha kunyuse imibuzo enzima engokwasemthethweni: Ingaba i imitshatoliki ye-intanethi elungele ukudityaniswa ngokusemthethweni? Ngawaphi amalungelo nezivingco ezithiweyo ezithiweyo ezihambelanayo? Kwaye zahluka njani ukuphatha imicimbi ekwahluleleneyo nokuqwalaniswa kwemiqatha? Ukuqonda ummandla womhlaba akuyo akuyomfuneko kuphela ukulungiselela ukutshata kodwa kwabe nokucetyiswa kwezo ezingomthetho, abasebenzi abasebenzi abasebenzi abasebenzi bemithetho abasebenzisa le mithetho abasebenzisa le mithetho.

Indaleko Yemithetho Yomtshato Kwixesha Leminyaka Eliqhelekileyo

Umtshato njengesibonelelo esisemthethweni ngokwesithethe umiselwe ngokwesithethe ekuhlaleni, kwimibhiyozo engqinekelwe, nakuxwebhu lwamaphepha. Noko ke, ukusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza kwentsebenziswano yentlalo kunyanzele abenzi bomthetho ukuba bazihlolisise ezi zinto zisisiseko. Isifo seCOVID-19 sasebenza njengesixhobo sokuvuselela, siqhubela phambili ukwamkelwa kwemitshato ekude neyayinyani. Oorhulumente abaninzi bakhululeka ngokwethutyana iimfuno zabo kwilungu lomntu othe wasebenza ngevidiyo enkqulunkqenkqeza. Olu tshintsho lwalungeyo nje ukumiswa kwemiqathango emininzi, utshintsho olusisigxina lwemitshato oluzinzileyo lungene nzulu kumgangatho osemthethweni.

Ukusuka Kwizithethe Ukuya Kwiinkqubo Ezingokwenyani

Ngokwembali, umtshato wawufuna ukuba isibini sidibane ngokoqobo, isiqu esitshate nesinamangqina. Ukumiswa komtshato kwakuyisenzo sikawonke-wonke esicetyelwe ukukhusela ukuqhatha, ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyavuma ngesisa, nokumisela ingxelo ecacileyo. Namhlanje, ubugcisa bunceda izibini ukuba zidibane, ziqalise ulwalamano, zize zitshate zingaze ziphinde zibe kwigumbi elinye. Imisitho yomtshato /_yenyani" eqhutywa ngemigangatho efana ne-Cream, Skype, okanye iinkonzo zomtshato ezinikezelwa kwi-intanethi ze-intanethi zifumane ukunconywa okusemthethweni kwiindawo ezininzi, ngaphandle kokuba zibambelele kwimimiselo ethile ye-procractura. Ngokomzekelo, uMphathi-Andrea Cuo wakhupha umyalelo we-equmrhu nge-2020 evumela izikompompomponi ukuba zifumane iimvume zemali zenkonzo zevidiyo kwaye ziqhutywa ngokulandelana kweminye ingqungqungquthelane.

Indima Yobugcisa Ekuchaseni Imitshato

Amaqonga okudibanisa amaqonga akuyonto nje ehambayo; abaninzi ngoku banikela iinkonzo ezidityanisiweyo ukunceda izibini zithabathe inyathelo elilandelayo. Umzekelo, amaqonga anjenge Tinder kunye no-OkCuid[[ uvelise iimpawu ezenza abasebenzisi babonise iinjongo zabo zolwalamano, kuquka umtshato. Amanye amaqonga ajolise ngqo kwiimfuno zexesha elide kunye nemibutho esemthethweni ngaphaya komdlalo wokuqala. Ukongeza, iinkonzo zomtshato ezinikezelwa kwingingqinelo yengingqino zengingqinelo [[FLT] [FLD: 4.] [FFFT]] ezibangela ukuba abasebenzisi babonise iinjongo zabo zomtshato, kunye neenkqubo zobugcisa zobugcisa bobugcisa obuqhelekileyo, kufuneka zinyuke phakathi komsebenzi womtshato.[Folf:]

Ukuvunywa Ngokusemthethweni Kwemitshato Yasezibeleni: Ingongoma Equlunqiweyo

Imo esemthethweni yemitshato eyakhiwe ngemigangatho yamaqonga kwi-intanethi, okanye idlule kwimibhiyozo ecacileyo ($vrays) kwimida yesizwe neyamazwe. Nangona amazwe amaninzi emisele imitshato yefomati, amanye amisela imiyalelo engqongqo enokubangela ukuba umanyano lungasebenzi. Ukuqonda oku kuxakekile kwizibini, ingakumbi ezo zihlala kumazwe okanye kumazwe awahlukeneyo.

EUnited States: Uguqu-guquko lwesizwe

EUnited States, imithetho yomtshato ilawulwa ngokuyintloko kumgangatho wesizwe. Uninzi lwamazwe ngoku luvumela imibhiyozo yomtshato ecacileyo phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Iimfuno eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukuba i-oxiant kufuneka ibekho ngokoqobo kwimeko enye, njengokuba ubuncinane omnye umbutho, amangqina ajonga umbhiyozo uhleli (ngokufuthi ngevidiyo), kwaye wonke umntu ayavuma ngokukhululekileyo. Umzekelo, [[FLT:] [[FLT]] iCaliforniania[[ uvumela ingqungquthela yevidiyo ukuba ikho kwaye i-onke amaqela kunye ne-optistianiet ibone yaye ive kakuhle, kwaye i-octiant ikho , kwaye i-octivectit ingudromation inguact inguement ingual inguat ingud i-dvectiveds ingue ingue ingue, ingu-me ingu-medrola inguethe inguethe jss ingue ingue inguuni i

IUnited Kingdom: UMthetho Womtshato Neenkonzo Ezisemgangathweni

I-United Kingdom ithatha indlela yokusebenzisa imigaqo yomthetho engqongqo. Umthetho womtshato 1949 (nomthetho olinganayo eSkotlani naseMntla Ireland) ufuna ukuba kutshatiswe isakhiwo esibhalisiweyo okanye indawo evumelekileyo, phambi konobhala okanye ugunyazi we-oxintiust, kwaye kunye namangqina amabini. Ngexesha lobhubhani, urhulumente wavumela imitshato yevidiyo ekude kubatshati abangakwaziyo ukuhamba ngenxa yemiqathango yempilo, kodwa le yayiyimimiselo yexeshana. Ngomhla wama-2025, i-UK ayizange ibhaliswe ngokupheleleyo ngokupheleleyo ngokwemibhiyo. Noko ke, izibini ezitshata kwi-intanethi yamazwe angaphandle zisenokuthi zibhaliswe imitshato yazo phantsi komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe ukuba umtshato wawusemthethweni kwilizwe apho yayingenziwa khona.

Ezinye Izityholo Eziphawulekayo

I-Australia ivumela imitshato edityaniswe ngesandi kuphela ukuba inxulumaniswe ne-oficiant e-Australia kwaye elinye lamatheko likwase-Australia. UMthetho woLawulo lomtshato 2021 wazisa amalungiselelo okwexeshana, kodwa ulwamkeleko olusisigxina luhlala lusikelwe umda. ICanada inika ulwahlulo olufanayo olufanayo: iOntario neBritish Columbia ivumela imicimbi yezobulali, ngoxa amanye amaphondo efuna ubukho obuphathekayo. [[FL.0] Kumthetho womtshato we-Eunian Union , [iiiintelligente], iyazi ukuba i- gwenxa kuphela kwimeko ekhethekileyo (um.g., iimeko zempilo), ngoxa i-Estonia, eyaziwa ngokwenkqubo yayo yomtshato, ifuna ukubhalisa okupheleleyo kodwa ifuna umbhiyonga. [FLG:] [FFF]] [FFF]]

Iimfuneko Eziyimfuneko Ezingokwasemthethweni Zokutshata Ngokusemthethweni Nge - Internet

Nangona kukho umahluko phakathi kwezinto, ezinye izinto ezingundoqo zifuneka emhlabeni wonke ukuze umtshato usebenze ngokusemthethweni, okanye ungabikho kwi-intanethi okanye ngaphandle komsebenzi. Ukusilela ukufikelela ezi mfuneko kungaphumela ekubeni umtshato uvakaliswe uphelelwe lithemba okanye ungenanjongo.

Ukungavumelani, Ubudala, kunye nokukwazi

Bobabini amaqela kufuneka banikele imvume ngesisa nangolwazi. Amaqonga akwi-intanethi kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba bakwiminyaka esemthethweni (ngokuqhelekileyo 18 kwiimimandla emininzi, nangona abanye bevumela iminyaka yobutsha ngemvume yabazali) kwaye banamandla engqondo okuqonda uhlobo lomtshato. I-Coercion, inkohliso, okanye ukunxila kunokwenza ukuba uvumelo lungafezeki naxa umsitho ubonakala ufanelekile. ukuqopha kwevidiyo

Abagunyazi Abakhohlisi NamaNgqina

Imithetho emininzi ifuna ukuba umntu omisa umtshato avunyelwe ngokomthetho, ngokomzekelo, ijaji, ubulungisa boxolo, abefundisi abagunyazisiweyo, okanye i-partive ebhalisiweyo. Kwimibhiyozo yenyani, i-occiant kufuneka ibe negunya kwindawo apho umtshato uvunywa ngokusemthethweni. Kwakhona amaNgqina akwafuneka (ngokufuthi amabini), kwaye kufuneka akwazi ukwenza umsitho ngexesha lokwenene, kwanokuba ngoluqhagamshelwano lwevidiyo. Abanye bathi amangqina amele abekho ngokoqobo kwindawo enye njenge-opictian okanye ubuncinane iqela elinye.

Uxwebhu kunye nobhaliso

Yonke imishado ifuna imvume yomtshato ekhutshwe ligunya elifanelekileyo (umz., umabhalana wengingqi e-US). Izibini kufuneka zifake isicelo sephepha-mvume kumntu okanye kwi-intanethi, kuxhomekeka kwimithetho yendawo. Emva komsitho, i-oxiant kufuneka ifake isiqinisekiso somtshato kwi-ofisi karhulumente efanelekileyo. Ukungaphumeleli kokubhalisa umtshato ngekhompyutha, le nkqubo isenokuqukunjelwa: amanye amaqonga anika intengiso ekhuselekileyo nokungaqiniseki. Noko ke, ngumthwalo wesibini ukuqinisekisa ukuba iifomu ezifanelekileyo zigqityiwe kwaye zingeniswe kwimimiselo ye-stati. Ukungaphumeleli ukubhalisa umtshato ngokukhawuleza kusenokungabi lukhuni kodwa akuyiphelisi ingxengo enyanisweni iqhina; iinkundla zinokubuvuma obunye ubungqina bombhiyo.

Amalungelo Nezikhuseli Ezifunyanwa Zizibini Ezitshatileyo

Xa umtshato uvunywa ngokusemthethweni, unika amalungelo nenkxaso echaphazela kakhulu imicimbi yemali, yentlalo neyomthetho. Izibini ezitshatayo zisebenzisa amaqonga okuthandana kwi-intanethi zinelungelo lokukhuselwa ngokufanayo nalawo atshate kwimibhiyozo yesithethe.

Irhafu Neingenelo Zemali

Izibini ezitshatileyo zingafaka intengo yerhafu ezidityanisiweyo, ezinokuthi ziphumele kwityala elisezantsi lerhafu ("Imali ehlawulelweyo") okanye, kwezinye iimeko, isohlwayo. EUnited States, izibini ezitshatileyo zingadlulisela izinto phakathi kwazo ngaphandle kwerhafu, kwaye iminikelo ye-IRA etshato iyavunyelwa. Amazwe amaninzi anikela irhafu ephezulu okanye iityala. Ngaphezu koko, umtshato udla ngokuchaphazela ukufezekisa iinzuzo zikarhulumente ezinjengeengenelo zokhuseleko lwentlalo, iinzuzo zooobhaso-mali, kunye nemali yoluntu. Inzuzo yemali ecacileyo yemali ixhomekeke kwingeniso yesibini ngasinye, igunya lemibutho, kunye nezivumelwano ezilawula irhafulelo ezilawula imida.

Ilifa Namalungelo Empahla

Amalungelo okufumana ilifa asisiseko somtshato. Ngaphandle komtshato, iqabane elisaphilayo lidla ngokudla ilifa indawo enkulu (okanye yonke) yomhlaba womfi phantsi kwemithetho yokungatshati. Imivuzo eyenziwa ngaphambi komtshato idla ngokutshatiswa ngokuzenzekelayo kwimimandla ethile, inyanzelisa ukuba kungacetywa amalungiselelo efa. Izibini ezitshatileyo zikwanelungelo lokuhlala kwikhaya lomtshato, nokuba ngubani onegunya, nakumazwe oluntu (umz., California, Texas), ingeniso nezinto ezifunyenweyo ngexesha lomtshato zifanele zidityalwe ngokulinganayo. Imitshato ye-On ayifanele ijongelwe ngokwahlukana kwezi ndawo ukuba zisemthethweni.

Ukwenziwa Kwesigqibo Sonyango Nelungelo Lokukhulula

Iqabane lidume njengomphathi wesigqibo sonyango ongagqibekanga ukuba elinye iqabane alinamava, alikho kwilungu lokhuseleko lonyango olusemthethweni. Oku kuquka ilungelo lokutyelela esibhedlele, iirekhodi zezonyango, nokuvuma unyango. Abatshakazi bakwanandipha amalungelo acacileyo: kwiinkqubo ezininzi ezingokwasemthethweni, elinye iqabane alinyanzelekanga ukungqinelana nelinye enkundleni (ilungelo eliyimfihlelo elivela kwinkonzo yomtshato), kunye nonxibelelwano oluyimfihlo phakathi kwamaqabane omtshato lukhuselekile.

Iingxaki Neengxaki Zomtshato Kwi - Internet

Nakuba imibandela yemitshato ingenayo iluncedo, imitshato ye - Internet iyingozi ekhethekileyo ekufuneka iqhutywe kakuhle.

Impikiswano ye Jurisdictalion kunye nokwwamkelwa komda

Olunye ucelomngeni olubalulekileyo lukungquzulwano olulawulayo. Umtshato owenziwa nge-intanethi apho i-officiant ise-New York, omnye umbutho eFlorida, omnye eLondon usenokuba uyasebenza eNew York kodwa hayi kwi-UK okanye eFlorida ukuba imithetho yawo iyahluka. Iimpikiswano ze [[FLT:]] [iii-domilia] kunye [[FLT:] ne ityala lomthetho womthetho zisoloko zivela. Amazwe amaninzi asebenzisa umgaqo we ukhupho] oluyilo oludala [[FLT] [ilFLT] [ist:5] (umthetho wendawo yemithetho]]], kodwa inkqubo yomtshato ikhona ngaphandle komgaqo womtshato oqhelekileyo, unakho ukuyelwa kwemeko oluye lungalwa yimeko oluthi lungamele lungakuqwa yimeko olungalunganga lo mthetho, okanye uqhawulo loqhawulo lomthetho lokwahlulo lomthetho, lunga.

Ubuqhetseba Nemitshato Engamasikizi

Imitshato yonxibelelwano ye-intanethi ilula kakhulu ukuba ifumaneke ngenxa yokuba amatheko asenokungadibananga ngokobuqu ngaphambi komsitho. Abasemagunyeni basenokuhlolisisa amaqhina anjalo ukuze bafumane ubungqina bomtshato osusiweyo . kwaye ubungqina obungaguquguqukiyo. Umtshato owenziwe kwi-intanethi kwi-platfomu yokudibana kwe-intanethi ngaphandle kwentlanganiso yexesha lomhla othe kuhlolwa. Xa uphengululo, amagosa afudukayo asoloko ekhangela ubungqina bolwalamano lokwenyaniso, njengokuba amava obomi, ukuhlalisana kwabantu (kungasoloko kunokwenzeka kwimitshato ye-intanethi), kwaye ubungqina obungaguquguqukiyo. Umtshato obakhiwe kuphela nge-intanethi ngaphandle kwe-intanethi ngaphandle kwentlanganiso yobuqu inokukrolwa.

Engamkelekanga

Izixhobo zobugcisa ngexesha lomsitho (umz., isibambi sevidiyo, idipozithi engakwaziyo ukuva izifungo) zingaphakamisa imibuzo emalunga nokusebenza kwemvume. Ezinye iindawo zifuna ukuba kuqaliswe izifungo "ebukhoni" ii-oxist namangqina, kwaye i-video yotyiso nje ingasanelisi esi mfuneko somthetho uqhelekileyo. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba umbhiyozi-vidiyo akanalo igunya kwigunya elifanelekileyo (umz., azimiselwanga okanye azibhaliswanga), umtshato usenokuba uphelelwe licala, okanye isibini sisenokufuna ukwenza umbhiyombiso, kwimibhiyo-pesenti. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-rediagno ehloniphekileyo enikwe imvume esemthethweni kwimo apho umtshato uza kubhaliswe khona.

Amanyathelo Asebenzisekayo Kwizibini Eziceba Ukutshata Nge - Internet

Xa zicinga ngeengxaki ezinokwenzeka, izibini zifanele zingene emtshatweni kwi-intanethi zisebenzisa i-"no-"-ayikho) njengendlela yokutshata yesithethe. Ukuthatha amanyathelo asemthethweni nawaseburhulumenteni kusenokuthintela iingxabano zexesha elizayo.

Uxanduva loMgaqo-nkqubo woMgaqo-nkqubo

Ukudibana negqwetha lentsapho elinobuchule bokudibana nomda okanye imitshato yamanani. Bangacebisa ngelona gunya lilungileyo lomsitho, baqinisekise ukuthobela zonke iimfuno zomthetho, baze baxubushe iziphumo zokufuduka, ukulungiselela indawo, kunye noqhawulo-mtshato. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuba isibini sizimisele ukufuduka emva komtshato. Amagqwetha amaninzi anikela iingxubusho ezikude, ezilungelena ngokwemvelo nobume bemivo yomanyano.

Ukukhetha Iplatform okanye Icebo Elithenjiweyo

Asizizo zonke iinkonzo zomtshato kwi-intanethi ezidalwe ngokulinganayo. Khangela kwiqonga elinesakhiwo esicacileyo somthetho, uqeshe inkxaso egunyazisiweyo, kwaye unikezele isiphelo sesiphelo sokuquka isicelo sephepha-mvume, umsitho, kunye ne-seall. Qinisekisa ukuba i-'diciant' iyamkeleka kwingingqi okanye kwilizwe apho umtshato uza kumiselwa ngokusemthethweni. Kuphephe "ukwamkelwa" izinyithi zokusila ezingavunyelwa kuyo yonke imiqathango. [[FLT:]] Funda uhlolo lwendlela ye-' kwaye ujonge nebhulawu lomtshato wasekuhlaleni ukuqinisekisa ulwamkelo weplatform.

Ukuqinisekisa Ubhaliso Olufanelekileyo

Musa ukucinga ukuba umsitho womtshato wodwa ubangela umtshato osemthethweni. Isiqinisekiso somtshato kufuneka sigcinwe kwiofisi karhulumente efanelekileyo, kwaye ikopi eqinisekisiweyo ifunyenwe. Gcina imibhalo emininzi yeemfuno ezisemthethweni nezifuna ukufuduka. Ukuba umtshato wenziwe ngendlela eyahlukileyo kwindawo isibini esihlala kuyo, kuqwalaselwe ukuba utshatiwe ngendlela yokubhalisa yasekuhlaleni okanye umyalelo wokukhupha ityala. Izibini zezizwe ngezizwe kufuneka zijonge ukuba ngaba kufuneka i-astille isetyenziswe kusini na ukuze kusetyenziswe isiqinisekiso somtshato kwelinye ilizwe.

Ikamva Lomtshato Wamanani: Iingcamango Nezingxubusho Ezisemthethweni

Njengoko ibutho lisiba ngamanani aqhubekekayo, inkqubo yomthetho iza kuqhubeka iguquka ukuze ihlasele ulwakhiwo olutsha lolwalamano. Izimo ezininzi sele zivela:

  • Irekhodi zomtshato ezisekelwe kwi-'ft': Ezinye isiqalo zihlola iziqinisekiso zomtshato ezinokukwenza lula uluvo lomda onqamlezayo.
  • AI yezinto ezifunyanisiweyo: Ngelixesha zingabhaliswanga ngokusemthethweni, ukusetyenziswa kobukrelekrele obungeyoyamvelo ekwenzeni imibhiyozo kungaphakamisa imibuzo enzulu ngengcaciso ye "person" egunyazisiweyo ukubophelela imitshato.
  • Ukubekwa kwemithetho: iziqu zezizwe ngezizwe njenge Hague Conference on Private International Law zingavelisa imigaqo yokuqaphela imitshato yamanani, inciphisa ingxabano phakathi kwamazwe.
  • [[UMTL:0] Uqinisekiso oluthe ngqo: iPlatforms zizakudibanisa uqinisekiso lwe-biometric kunye nokhutshelo lwevidiyo ukukhusela ubuqhetseba kunye nolwaneliseko lwemfuno "ukubakho".

Izilungisi zomthetho sele zikho. Umzekelo, uvavanyo oluqhubekayo lomtshato wakude we Utah luchaphazele amanye amazwe. IKhomishini yoMthetho eguqulayo ithathe isenzo sokulinganisa imibhiyozo yomtshato yenyani, nangona kungekho sicelo sokugqibela esiye samkelwa. Izibini kunye noogqirha kufuneka baqwalasele ezi ziphuhliso ukuqinisekisa ukuba imitshato yabo yamanani ihlala ikhuselekile kwaye ihlonelwa.

Ekuqukumbeleni, imitshato eqaliswe ngemigangatho ye-intanethi iya iqatshelwa kwaye ikhuselwa, kodwa isiseko somthetho sihlala siqhekeka kwaye sintsonkothile. Izibini ezisebenzisa amaqhina ombane kufuneka zithathe amanyathelo asebenzayo ukuqinisekisa imithetho yasekuhlaleni, zisebenze kunye nezigunyazi, zibhale ulwalamano lwazo ngokucokisekileyo. Ngokuqonda amalungelo neengozi, ziyakwazi ukwakha isiseko esiqinileyo esisemthethweni somtshato wazo.