Oorhulumente belizwe kulo lonke elaseUnited States baye bavela njengabaqhubi abanamandla bokwamkelwa kwakhona kwamandla, beqalisa uludwe olubanzi lwezinyathelo ezigqitha kwimiyalelo karhulumente. Ezi nkqubo zihamba-hambayo zikarhulumente zisoloko zisebenza kakhulu, zilungelelaniswa noovimba basekuhlaleni, kwaye zikho ngokwezobupolitika, zizenza zibe nenkqubela-phambili ye-injini yamandla acocekileyo. Ngokunikela intlanganisela-ntlobo-ntlobo-ntlobo zezixhobo zemali, iinkqubo zolawulo, kunye nohlalo-mali, amasebe karhulumente akanciphini ukuxhomekeka nje kuphela kwizinto zelahleko kodwa kwakhona kuphuhlisa impilo kawonke, kwaye abeka amacandelo awo ekuzinzeleni ulungiso lwexesha elide. Oku kuhlola oku kulandelela, ukuqwala kwemizekelo emali, nokuhlola iimpembelelo zexesha elizayo.

Amanyathelo Aphambili Awenziwa Lisebe Likarhulumente

Ububanzi bamandla avuselelwayo omgangatho karhulumente bukhulu, kodwa buye buwele kwiindidi ezintathu ezingundoqo: izikhuthazo zemali, amaphulo okufumana imfundo kunye nokuphuhlisa izibonelelo ezithe ngqo. Udidi ngalunye ludlala indima eyahlukileyo ekuphumeleleni imiqobo /enokuba ingezoqoqosho, ulwazi, okanye ubugcisa . Okungacotha ukwenziwa kobugcisa obunokuhlaziywa kwamandla anokuhlaziywa njengelanga, umoya, igesi ejikeleza umhlaba, kunye nombane ojikelezayo.

Inkxaso-mali

Izikhuthazo zemali zihlala zisesona sixhobo sithe ngqo nesithandwayo samasebe karhulumente ukuvuselela amandla avuselelwayo. Ezi nkqubo zenzelwe ukuphelisa iindleko eziphezulu zenkqubo zokufakwa kwamehlo anjengeepali zelanga eziseluphahleni, ii-turbine ezincinane zomoya, okanye iimpompo zobushushu obusemhlabani. Iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

  • [[NTL:0] Izahlulo kunye neMimiselo yeCandelo: Amazwe anjenge New York anikela umva ongaphambili kwiinkqubo ezinjenge NY-Sun, enika intshukumisa ngesiquphe ukwenzela ukufakwa kwemingxube yokuhlala kunye norhwebo lwelanga. Ezi ziphinda-phindiso zinciphisa ixabiso lokuqala lentengo, ukwenza ukuba ilanga lifikeleleke ngakumbi kwizindlu ezifumanayo.
  • Amatyala kunye nokukhulula: Amazwe amaninzi anika irhafu yeshishini kunye nengeniso yobuqu ngepesenti yexabiso lokufakwa. Umzekelo, ityala leLective Letraxies ligubungela iiR2,500 ngelanga, lo gama i-Iowa inika ityala lerhafu ngomoya kunye neenkqubo zamandla elanga. Ukongeza, ukukhulula irhafu yempahla kuqinisekisa ukuba ixabiso elongezelelekileyo lenkqubo ehlaziweyo alinyusi irhafu yerhafu yendlu.
  • Iphepha- elisekelwe kwintsungulo: Amanye amatyala, anjenge Massachusetts, iinkqubo ezisebenzisa abanini nkqubo ukwenzela inkqubo yekhilowatt yeeyure ezivuselelwayo zivelisa. Ezi ndleko zibizwa ngokuba yisalathisi se-Impee Engaphinde Ibengelweyo (SRECs).
  • IiNkqubo ezifanelekileyo ze-Business kunye ne-Nonflution: amasebe kaRhulumente anamandla nokhuseleko lwemekobume asoloko enika inkxaso-mali yemijikelezo kwizikolo, oomasipala, namashishini amancinane. Umzekelo, i-Colorado Energy Office inika inkxaso kuluntu lwemiyezo yelanga kunye nezithuthi zombane ezibotshelelwe kwimithombo ehlaziyekayo.

Ezi zixhobo zemali zisoloko zigqunywe ngezihlomelo zezwe, ezifana ne-ITC Treasurement Treaxity (ITC), ukwandisa ukufumaneka. Ngokwelabhuli yeManzi e-Ezezimali e- eHlaziyweyo yesizwe, urhulumente odityanisiweyo kunye nezicelo zorhulumente zinganciphisa ixabiso lomnatha wenkqubo yengquzulwano yelanga ehlalayo ngama-50% okanye ngaphezulu kwezinye iindawo.

Amaphulo Emfundo

Ngaphandle kwenkxaso yemali, amasebe karhulumente anikela kakhulu kwizifundo zokuguqula indlela abantu abacinga ngayo, amise abantu abanobuchule bokusebenza.

Le migudu yemfundo inemiphumo engakumbi: abanini - makhaya abanolwazi benza izigqibo ezifanelekileyo zokuthenga izinto, abafundi bayakwazi ukuvelisa izinto ezintsha, yaye abantu bayazithemba iingenelo zokuxhasa imisebenzi emikhulu njengefama yomoya okanye imikrozo yelanga.

Uphuhliso lwezibonelelo

Utyalo-mali oluthe ngqo kwizibonelelo zamandla ezivuselelwayo mhlawumbi yeyona ndlela itshintshayo yolawulo. Ezi misebenzi yenza umqolo obonakalayo we-grid ecocekileyo, ukusuka kwisizukulwana ukuya kwisityebi ukuya kwindawo yokugcina.

  • Iprojekthi zomlinganiselo wokuTshazisela uTshaziso: Iimeko ezininzi zikhuthaza ukwakhiwa kweefama ezinkulu zelanga kunye neepaki zokuphefumla. Texas, ngeprojekthi ye Competive Revueuned Energy Zoneom (CREZ) echithelwa ekudluliseleni amawaka ezigidi zemigca edibanisa oovimba bomoya kwimimandla yabemi njenge Dallas neHouston. Le ndawo yombuso ivula i-octive ithexas yenza i-onglerreatry yesizwe kumthamo womoya.
  • I-Grid Modern Comment Igridi zombane zokuguga zenzelwe amandla ombane aphakathi, amathambo-fuel asekelwe kwi-fcuel. I-United York ifana ne New York ityalisela kwi "igridi esezantsi" ubugcisa obunokuphatha ukuguquguquka kwamandla ombane nomoya. Oku kuquka ukuqhubekeka kwemitha, i-automatorting, kunye neenkqubo zokugcina ibhetri ezigudisa ukugobeka ngaphandle komjikelezo
  • Iinkqubo ze-Community Solar Programs: Asiyondlu nganye engakwazi ukubeka amaziko ophahla ngenxa yokufihla isithunzi, indlela yophahla, okanye isimo sokuqesha. Amasebe karhulumente anceda uluntu ukuba lukwazi ukulungiselela imiyezo yelanga, apho abaxhasi abaninzi babelana ngeenzuzo zoludwe olunye. Umthetho weColorado’s Community Solar Gardans wawungomnye wemifanekiso yakudala, uvumela abemi balapho ukuba bavume ukunikezela kwisabelo somyezo welanga baze bafumane ityala kwimali yabo eluncedo.
  • I-EV-eV-evect Vehicle (EV) Inethwekhi yokungcengca: uninzi lwamazwe ludibanisa unyuselo lwezithuthi ngamandla avuselelekayo. Umzekelo, iKhomishini yeEnergy yaseCalifornia ithenge ngaphezu kwe-$2000 amawaka ezigidi kwisiseko sogcino-lwazi, uninzi lwayo lunikwe amandla ngokufakwa kwelanga okutsha nokugcinwa. Le ndlela idityanisiweyo inciphisa ukukhutshwa kombane ombini amandla kunye necandelo lezithuthi.

Ezi zibonelelo zifuna ucwangciso lwexesha elide kunye nenkxaso-mali kawonke-wonke, kodwa zidala izinto ezihlala zikho ezitsala utyalo-mali lwabucala. Ingxelo evela kuLawulo loMmandla weNkxaso yeMandla ibalaselisa imigaqo-nkqubo eqhubela phambili ibone amaqondo aphezulu okuthunyelwa kwakhona kwemali ngomndilili ngamnye.

Imisebenzi yesakhelo evumela iSebe soMsebenzi weNkqubo

Ukwalathisa inyathelo elithile elikhethekileyo ziinkqubo ezimisela imithetho yendlela ukuze kuvuselelwe ukwanda kwamandla. Amasebe karhulumente omsebenzi woncedo lukawonke-wonke kunye nemimiselo yokukhusela inqwelo-moya ekhawulezisa okanye ethintelayo inkqubela. Imigaqo-nkqubo engundoqo iquka:

  • Imigangatho yePortolio (RPS) evuselelweyo: Ezi zigunyaziso zifuna iinkampani eziluncedo ukukhupha ipesenti ethile yombane kwimithombo ehlaziyekayo ngonyaka wexhoba. Ngonyaka wama-2025, 30 wamazwe adityaniswe ne Washington D.C. kunye ne Puerto Rico inendawo ezidityaniswe i-RPS. i-RPS ibiza 60% ii-injini ezivuselelwayo ngo-2030 kunye ne-100% ngombane ongahlawulelwanga ngu-2045.
  • [[NTL:0] Net Energy Metering (NEM): Le nkqubo ivumela abanini zixhobo zelanga ukuba bathengise umbane ogqithisileyo emva kwigridi kwintengiso. Amazwe afana ne New Jersey ne Massachusetts afake i-NEM system esebenzayo ukuze iphumelele ngokwemali kubanini bekhaya. Noko ke, amanye amaphondo anciphisa ityala kumandla athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe-*awenkqubo alawulayo iminyango karhulumente ekuveni kolwazi lukawonke-wonke-wonke.
  • [[NTL:0] Imigangatho yonxulumano: Lucocekile nonxibelelwano olufikelelekayo lwenkqubo ehlaziyekayo kwigridi lubalulekile. Amasebe karhulumente amisela iinkqubo ezisesikweni, iindleko, kunye nemigca yexesha ukwenzela unxibelelwano, ukunciphisa iteyipu ebomvu. IBhunga leMithetho yokuQhubelana kwakhona (IREC) linika imodeli yemithetho edityanisiweyo elandelelwayo.
  • Ukwakha iiKhowudi kunye neZoning: Amanye amaphondo ahlaziya ikhowudi zokwakha ezifuna uqikelelo lwelanga okanye ii-EV zokwakha kwisakhiwo esitsha. ISihlomelo 24 sekhowudi yokwakha ngoku igunyazisa iipali zelanga kumakhaya amatsha, eyokuqala kuhlanga. Imithetho yokuhlanganisa ichaphazela nalapho injini yomoya okanye iifama zelanga zinokuhlala khona, kwaye amasebe karhulumente asoloko esebenza ukuvisisa le mimiselo.

Ezi zicwangciso zenza uqinisekiso, olubalulekileyo kubabhekisi phambili nabasebenzi. Xa amazwe ecwangcisiwe, efuna intlawulo, anika uphawu kwicandelo labucala lokuba utyalo-mali ekuvelisweni kwamandla anokuphinda afakwe luza kuvuzwa.

Imizekelo Yamanyathelo Karhulumente

Eyona mfundiso isisiseko ifumaneka kwiinkqubo ezithile zikarhulumente eziye zabangela ukuba inaliti ifumane amandla angakumbi.

EKhalifoniya: Umgangatho Wegolide

IKhalifoniya ihlala ingumlawuli wamandla ongenakuphindwa kwinkqubo yamandla e-U.S. ingumlawuli ovuselelekayo. I-Portolio Standard iphakathi kweyona inamandla, kwaye imo ixhasa ngemali enamandla. IKhomishini yeKlononia (CSI), esungulwe ngo-2006, inikezelwe ngo-R3, inikwe ngaphezu kwamawaka ezigidi zeerandi ezingamawaka alishumi (izigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi ze-atting [iiiiinjini zelanga], inceda urhulumente ugqithe kwisigidi esinye semibhobhobho esu ngo-2019. Ngokukhawuleza, i-[FLT] i-Calinigarn Energy [[FLT]] ijoucesss trans ye-gneat yemeko yelizwe elicocekile yesizwe, kunye ne-oglewiza elicocekile yesizwe sesizwe sesizwe sesizwe sesizwe esinyukelelwe uGreyibhisi yesizwe.

ITexas: Inkonzo Yoovulindlela Abasebenzisa Umoya

ITexas ingumzekelo obalulekileyo kuba igridi yamandla yayo (ERCOT) isebenza ngokuzimeleyo kulawulo lwamazwe, kodwa imo iye yamkela umoya ngamandla. I-Competive Energy Moneration (CRREZIL) [[FL:]] iprojekthi yokudlulisa, egqitywe ngo-2014, ixabisa malunga nezigidi ezingamawaka ali-$7 zezigidi kodwa ikhutshwe ngaphezulu kwe 18 000 000 000 ze-iibhiliyoni ye-megawatts ye-a ye-atting ye-amoya eNtshona Texas. Namhlanje, iTexas ikhokelela ilizwe kwisizukulwana somoya, kwaye igripediote i-eting yovavanyo oluphezulu lwezibonelo. [Foctive][3]

I-New York: Ingqinelana nokujongwa phambili

Indlela yokusebenzisa iNew York idibanisa amaxhoba anamandla kunye nokufikelela okulinganayo. I-Climate Information and Community Provice Act (CLCPA]], idluliswe ngo-2019, igunya elingu 70% umbane ovuselelwayo ngo-2030 kunye ne-100% ekhululekileyo ngo-2040. Ukufumana oku, uphando lweziko lweziko le-Propuleti ye-Energy kunye nophuhliso oluphezulu (NYSADA)[FLT] uquqululo lweenkqubo. I-NYUNUNUNUN ithumele ngaphezu kwe 4gtats eziphumayo nge-2040. Ngokuthe krawangciwo-nga oluphantsi kwemiqatha lwamandla. Oku kukwabuvulindlela kwakhona ngomoya wolwandle oluseluni.[4]

IHawaii: Ikamva Elincinane

Njengesiqithi esithe sathembela kakhulu kwi-oyile engenisiweyo, iHawaii ineendleko eziphezulu zombane kumazwe, kwaye ezinye zeenjongo ezinqwenelekayo. Imo ijolise kwi 100% yombane ovuselelwayo ngo-2045, ixhoba elisemthethweni. i-Hawaiii Energy Office ye-Orty ixhasa uluntu ngemisebe ye-langa kunye nemicrogridrid. Inyathelo elibalulekileyo yi- i-Hawaiisystal Plas [[ inkqubo, enika ibhetri yebhethri ka-langate ecaleni kwe-okthanga. Umhlaba omncinane unyukele ukhokelela ekuphuculweni kwe-protheni e-magesssion (irver) kubugcisa obuneediyobulimi).

Impembelelo Nembono Yexesha Elizayo

Amanyathelo karhulumente sele eveze iziphumo ezinokufumaneka. Ngokwe-data esuka kulawulo lolwazi lwe-Energy Information Administration., imithombo evuselelwayo ngoku ithetha ngaphezu kwe 20% yesizukulwana sombane se U.S., kunye namazwana anjenge Iowa, Kansas, kunye neOklahoma ivelisa amandla angaphezulu kwama-30% asuka kumoya wodwa. Impembelelo yemekobume ibalulekile: uthetha ukuba nemithetho eqinileyo ehlaziyekileyo iye yabona ukuncipha ngokukhawuleza kokukhutshwa kwekharbon dioksi esuntswini lwamandla. Iinzuzo zezoqoqosho zibonakala ngoku ziphatheka ngoku ngoku ngamandla acocekileyo ngaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3 zamaMelika, kunye nomatshini abasebenza ngelanga kunye ne-okglorion abasebenza phakathi komsebenzi abaphuma ngokukhawuleza.

Ukujonga phambili, ummandla ujikeleza. Inkqubela-phambili yezobugcisa kugcino lwebhetri, ukudada komoya wonxweme, kunye ne-hydrogen eluhlaza ivula amathuba amatsha. Amasebe karhulumente aya enyusa adibanisa obu bugcisa kwiinjongo zawo. Umzekelo, iKhalifoniya inikela ugcino lwendawo ende yokugcina, ngelixa iNew York ihlola ukuxutywa kwe-hydrogen kwimibhobho yemibhobho yentrakezo. UMthetho we-Inflateation Reduction (IRA) unika unyuso oluthekileyo oluthekileyo ngetyala lerhafunxa kunye neelungiselelo ezithenjisiweyo zerhafuthe, kodwa ukuphumeza ummiselo karhulumente kufuneka kwamkele imigaqo elungele ukuvuselelwa kweminye imigaqo yokwakha, enjengemijelo evumela nokuhlaziyayo, ukuzuza ngokupheleleyo kwinkxaso yolawulo lwezwelo.

Ucelomngeni luyaqhubeka. Ulibaziseko lonxibelelwano lwe-Grid, imiqathango yokubonelela, nokunqongophala kwamandla emisebenzi kungacotha inkqubela. Ngaphezu koko, inkcaso yezopolitiko kwamanye amazwe iye yabangela ukuba amaxhoba e-RPS anciphe okanye umthetho ochasene nelanga. Noko ke, uqikelelo lwezoqoqosho lunyanzelekile ngokuqhubekayo: amandla anokuphinda abe yeyona nto iphantsi yesizukulwana esitsha sombane, kwaye amathe athe athengendleko afumana iingenelo zeendleko eziphantsi, indalo, kunye nokuzimela ngokwamandla.

Ikamva lamandla avuselelwayo karhulumente liza kujolisa kwizinto ezithe ngqo nezilula. Iinkqubo zilungiswa ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantu abafumana amandla aphantsi kunye noluntu olunombala, oluye lwathwala inkcitho yongcoliso ngokwembali, lufumana ukufikelela kumandla acocekileyo kunye nexabiso. IiMicrogrid kunye nesizukulwana esabekileyo ziza kudlala indima enkulu ekwenzeni uluntu lukwazi ukumelana neziganeko zemozulu ezinxulunyaniswa nemozulu. Njengoko amazwe ehlaziya izicwangciso zawo zamandla, ukugxininiswa kuya kusuka ekuhlazisweni okunyulukileyo, ekugcineni, ekugcineni, nasekusebenziseni imali.

Ekuqukumbeleni, amasebe karhulumente aye aba ngabayili ababalulekileyo botshintsho lwamandla ahlaziyekayo eMelika. Ngezikhuthazo zemali, imfundo, utyalo lwezibonelelo, kunye nenkqubo echuliweyo, aye asusa intengiso, ihlise iindleko, kunye nenkxaso kawonke-wonke. Nangona indlela engaphambili ingeyomiqobo, umbane ucacile: amaziko awalindeli ukuthatha amanyathelo karhulumente; akhokela indlela, iqela elinye lezixhobo zelanga, injini yomoya, kunye nokwakha amandla asebenzayo ngexesha elithile.