Iziqithi ezishushu zasedolobheni (UHS) zezinye zezona zinzima zendalo ezijongene nezixeko ehlabathini lonke, kwaye uBukumkani bomZantsi buye batshintsha. Njengoko imimandla yasezidolophini iqhubeka ikhula kwaye imozulu isanda, izixeko ezingaphaya kwe-UK zifumana amaqondo obushushu aphezulu xa zithelekiswa nemimandla yazo esemaphandleni engqongileyo. Le nto iqhutywa zizinto ezishinyeneyo, imisebenzi yabantu, kunye nokuncitshiswa kwendalo, iye yabangela ukuba oomatiloshe bezixeko bathathe amanyathelo anzima. Ukunyuswa kwezakhiwo ezisezikompompondweni zezakhiwo eziluhlaza ukuxhasa uphahla, oomatiloshe bakwindawo ephambili ejongeneedolophu epholisa amadolobha ethu. Eli nqaku lihlola inzululwazi emva kobushushu beziqithili, inkqubo esetyenziswa ngoonobuchule ekukhuliseni uphahla nokwakhiwa ngokuzinzo.

Ukuqonda Iziqithi Ezishushu Zasedolophini

Iziqithi ezishushu zasedolophini (UHS) zibhekisela kwisiganeko apho imimandla yesixeko esinamacala aphakamileyo emozulu ephezulu kuneemeko zasemaphandleni. Olu mahluko wobushushu ungasuka kumaqondo ambalwa ukuya kutsho kwi-1°C okanye ngaphezulu ebudeni bobusuku nangeentsuku ezolileyo, ezicacileyo. Abaqhubi bokuqala base-UHs baquka ukubuyiselwa kwezityalo zendalo ngezakhiwo, iindlela, neminye imiphandle eshushu kakhulu; ubushushu obuvela kwizithuthi, izigubuliso zomoya, kunye neenkqubo zoshishino; kunye negeometry yezixeko ezinomphantsi wobushushu ezibamba ubushushu kwaye zicuthe ubushushu.

Impembelelo ye-UH Is ifikeleleka kakhulu. Ubushushu obuphezulu bunyusa imfuneko yamandla okuphola, ikhokelela ekungcolisekeni kwekharbon kunye neendleko eziphezulu zezembane kubahlali. Iheat ibangela ungcoliseko lomoya ngokunyusa ukwenziwa kwe-ozone yomgangatho ophantsi komhlaba, enokubangela iingxaki zokuphefumla. Ukuchanabeka okugqithisileyo kobushushu obugqithisileyo kubangela ubungozi obunzulu, kuquka ukuphelelwa ngubushushu, ukuvaleka kobushushu, kwanobushushu obugqithisileyo, kwanokufa, ingakumbi phakathi kwabemi abasengozini abafana nabakhulile, abantwana, nabo baneemeko zempilo ezikhoyo ngaphambili. Kwi-UK, kunye nemozulu ebonisa ukutshiselwa kakhulu, ukujikeleza kwe-UHIs kuye kwaba yinto yokuqala kwiingcingo zocwangciso zedolophu kunye neenkqubo zemozulu.

Indima Yeenkokeli Kwimeko - bume Yasedolophini

Oosodolophu beziXhosa kwiUK baye baluncedo ekuqhubeni imozulu yasekuhlaleni, ngokukodwa ekuthetheni ngobushushu basedolophini. Ngokungafaniyo noorhulumente besizwe, oosodolophu banegunya elingqalileyo lokusebenzisa ucwangciso lomhlaba, imimiselo yokwakha, izithuba zikawonke-wonke, kunye nezibonelelo zommandla wasekuhlaleni. Oku kubenza bakwazi ukusungula inyathelo elinokunciphisa ngokukhawuleza iziphumo zesiqithi ezishushu. Ngaphezu koko, oosodolophu bangenza izinto zokuphelisa imozulu, ukuzisa abaphuhlisi boluntu, amaqela ebutho elisingqongileyo ukuze basebenze kwiinjongo ezifanayo. Ukubonakala kwabo nokhokelo lwabo kunyusa ukubonakala nokhuseleko lwezopolitiko maxa ekufuneka kukhuselwe imigaqo eshushu, enjengokuthi gqiza uphahla olupholileyo okanye ukwanda kwebala eliluhlaza kwimimandla eninzi yasedolovini.

Isiseko esingundoqo sobuchule bokwenza ulawulo kukudibanisa u-UHI ugcino-lwazi oluzinzileyo kunye nobuchule bokuzinzisa. Amadolobha amaninzi e-UK aye avakalisa iimeko zemozulu enzima kwaye amisela amaxhoba anomnatha onochuku. Ukunciphisa ubushushu basedolophini kuzalisekisa ezi njongo ngokunciphisa amandla okusetyenziswa, ukuphucula impilo kawonke-wonke, nokuphucula ubunjani bobomi. Amagxamesi aya ehambelana nemizimba yesizwe, njengoMquluko lwe-Cumicreat , kunye noluhlu lwezizwe ngezizwe olufana nolawulo olunezo. [[FLT:][FLT3] kunye nolulo lwe-CT] umnqophiso we-Meyithi ye-CMTY[FLD [F][FF]

Imisebenzi yokwakha eluhlaza

Enye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo nezineentlobo ezininzi zokulungisa i-UH Is ikukukhula kwezibonelelo eziluhlaza. Oku kuquka iipaki, uphahla oluluhlaza, imithi esesitratweni, iindonga eziluhlaza, imiyezo yemvula, kunye nezinye izinto ezichumileyo ezinciphisa amaqondo obushushu angaphezulu ngokusuka kumboniso omnyama kunye nokuphefumla. Xa izityalo zikhupha amanzi akhutshwayo, zipholisa umoya ojikeleze, njengebhodlo yomntu. Ngaphezu koko, imithi inika umthunzi osezantsi komphezulu wamaqondo obushushu ngo2045/45/1225°FFC) xa kuthelekiswa nemimandla engashukumiyo.

Amagxamesi aqengqeleke ukusungula iinkqubo zezibonelelo eziluhlaza ezinqwenelekayo. Umzekelo, i- Enkulu yaseManchester ifuna inkqubela-phambili ezintsha ukuquka umlinganiselo ophezulu wesithuba esiluhlaza, oweendonga neziphahla ngo-2030. IBristol idibanisa izingenisi eziluhlaza nezintle. inkqubo yeLondon’s Greenbin [[[FLT:]] ifuna iprojekthi ephezulu ekhoyo ukuze iqukethe umlinganiselo omncinci wesithuba esiluhlaza, ukugquma kunye nophahla. IBristol i-eatlool kwiCity [[FLD[FF][FLD][5] inkqubo ekhuthaza ukuphucutha okuhlala kwesixeko.

Ukukhawuleza ukuphumeza, oomatiloshe basebenzisa intsebenziswano yemali ekhutshwayo esetyenziswayo njengemibutho eluhlaza, amaqhina oluntu, kunye neenyathelo ezisetyenziswa ngabantu. Umzekelo, ingcambu eluhlaza yeDolophu elunge kakuhle yeDolopos inika inkxaso yobugcisa enika inkxaso kubaphathi bezakhiwo eziluhlaza. Ngokuyenza kube lula kwaye kulula ukuhamba ngoluhlaza, oomatiloshe baqinisekisa ukuba nakwezona ndawo zakhiweyo zingangenelwa kwizisombululo ezisekelwe kwindalo.

Imilinganiselo Nezihlokomiso Ezipholileyo

Amaphahla apholileyo agqunywe kakhulu ngezinto ezidambisa ubushushu obufunxwayo, bububuchule obuyintengo enciphisa amaqondo obushushu asedolophini. Ngokungafaniyo nophahla oluqhelekileyo olunokude olukwiqondo lobushushu elingu-15°F (66°C) okanye ngaphezulu ehlobo, uphahla olupholileyo luhlala lungama-50-60°25°F (28-33°33°C) epholileyo, inciphisa ukusebenza kobushushu besiqithi kunye namandla afunekayo ukuze kuhlalise imozulu. KwiUK, apho izakhiwo ezininzi zinamaphahla amnyama kwaye zingenamandla aneleyo, ulwakhiwo olupholileyo lungaphucula amandla nentumekelelo olubalulekileyo.

Oomatiloshe abaninzi be-UK baye balungiselela iinkqubo zophahla ezipholileyo. iCool Roofs Inititification inikela uncedo kunye nokucwangcisa ngokukhawuleza iimvume zezakhiwo zokuhlala kunye nezorhwebo ezifaka uphahla olupholileyo. Inyathelo lokuqala likwanikezela ngesixhobo esikhululekileyo sokwakha i-intanethi ukunceda abanini-mali abanokugcinwa. EBirmingham, ibhunga lesixeko liyilungisele ngokutsha imiqathango yalo yalo [[FLT:] ukubeka zonke izakhiwo ezintsha ezifulelweyo zibenesalathiso sokubonisa ukukhanya kwelanga (SRI) ku- 78, ngokunempumelelo, uphahla olupholileyo. I-Manstercesteri isungule iprojectivesssssssss perliked perwords balueaks abahlane.

Ngapha koko kukhuthazwa ngqo, oomatiloshe basebenzisa iinkqubo zokulungisa kunye nezokulungisa umhlaba ukukhuthaza uphahla olupholileyo. Umzekelo, ezinye izixeko ziye zayila “iicol Roofs". apho imigangatho yokubonakalisa isebenza kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu. Abanye baye badibanisa iimfuno zophahla olupholileyo kwimithetho yokwakha entsha kunye neenguqu ezinkulu. Ngokudibanisa iicarts nentonga, oomatiloshe babhenela phambili ulwamkelo lwalo olulula nolunamandla. IBhunga elihambayo elinoMbambo woMdathanga. [ [CRCRC] [iRC] [iRC]] ibonelela iikhowudi yokwakha entsha yokwakha kunye nemigangatho engundoqo yokuqinisekisa ubunjani bemveliso, kunye neemveliso ezininzi zoonongezo zomsebenzi beCRCRCRCS-m-m-m

Ubandakanyeko Nemfundo Yoluntu

Izisombululo zobugcisa zodwa azanelanga; ukuqaphela iziXhobo zoluntu kunye nokubandakanyeka koluntu kubalulekile ekufumaneni amanyathelo asasazekileyo e-UHII minigation. Ababhexeshi baqalisa amaphulo okufundisa ukunceda abahlali baqonde ubungozi bobushushu obugqithisileyo kunye nezenzo abanokuzithatha. Umzekelo, Liveolpool City [ iqhuba i-“Loat Liverpool", inkqubo enika ulwazi malunga nokuhlala upholile ngexesha lobushushu, kuquka iinkqutho ekusebenziseni iifilimu zefestile, ukutyala imithi yemithunzi, nokusebenzisa ipeyinti emhlophe kuphahla okanye iindongalo. Ngokufanayo, [FLT:] [FLT] [FLT] [FLD: 3] i-NUnibhovehove" i-" i-injini ye-"ekhodiat" esebenzayo kwimidiomatis, kunye ne-omati-iants, kunye ne-orts.

Ukuganana koluntu kubandakanya ukumisela izisombululo kunye nabahlali. I-ofisi yomphathi-dolophu iphethe uthotho lwemiba yabantu ukudibana ne-mephu “iihomoni” kwisixeko nakummandla wangaphambili ukuze kungenelelwe. Iziphumo zi-“Heat Resilience Action Plan" zibandakanya umxube wophahla olupholileyo, iipaseji eziluhlaza, kunye nezakhiwo ezifihlakeleyo eziye zaziswa ngokuthe ngqo ngolwazi lwasekuhlaleni. Le ndawo isezantsi yakha ukuthemba, iqinisekisa ukuba izisombululo zihlangabezana neemfuno zokwenene, kwaye ikhuthaza ingqiqo yokuba ngumnini wezinto ezixhasa ixesha elide ugcino.

Oomatiloshe abaninzi basebenza nezikolo ukudibanisa ubushushu bolwazi kuqeqesho. [FLT: 0] Glasgow , umzekelo, basebenzisane ne-Royal Meteorological Society [ ukwenza icebo malunga nobushushu kunye nobugcisa bokufutha izakhiwo. Ngokufundisa abantu abaselula, oomatiloshe bahlakulela isizukulwana esilandelayo sabemi abangazi nto ngemozulu abaza kuqhubeka bexhasa ezi zisombululo kuluntu lwabo.

Uphando lwemeko yezixeko zeUK

ILondon: Inyathelo Lokuqala Lokudlala Intambo Epholileyo

ILondon, enelaphu layo elixineneyo lasedolophini kunye nabemi abakhulayo, liyindawo eshushu yendalo ye-UH Is. Umphathi-dolophu wenza isixeko sipholise isakhiwo esisembindini sophahla London Environment Strategy[. I-Cool Roofs Incopetive, endululwe ngo-2018, inikezela ngexabiso lokugqumayela kumashumi amahlanu ekhulwini exabiso lokufaka uphahla olupholileyo kwizakhiwo ezishushu. Ngomhla, ngaphezu kwe 10 000 yemikhono yophahla olupholileyo ifakiweyo, kwaye inyathelo lokuqala linyusiwe ukuquka “ucwangciso olubonisa ukuthambeka komfako. Umendo oluthengephindiweyo luye lwaxhasa uphando olukhoyo [FLD5] ngoku, okanye unyuso olunyuswayo olunyusweyo olunyusweyo olunyusweyo oludileyo olufuna ukulungiselela ukuthoza kophahla oluthe luhlaza oluthe luhlaza oluthe ngaphaya.[F]

IManchester: Uhlaza Lwasedolobheni Nokupheliswa Kwemali Ephuma Edolophini

IManchester yenye yezixeko ezithe gqolo xa kufikelelwa kwiUHI i-UI igalelo. IBhunga lesiXeko lithathe icebo “eliluhlaza nelebhu enika ingxubevange” elidibanisa ipaki, imijelo, uphahla oluluhlaza, kunye neenkqubo zokukhupha amanzi aluhlaza okugcina amanzi aphantsi ukuze kuncitshiswe amaqondo obushushu. Umeya umeya uxhase iprojelo lwesixeko olusebenzisa imifanekiso yesatellitellites kunye nezimvo zomhlaba ukuchaza iindawo ezishushu. Ezi maphu zichaza isigqibo sokwenza: umzekelo, iindawo eziphezulu ze-prityhavini ezifumana umthi kunye nezinyuso ezipholileyo. I-Manberg inika “iRontareant" ukuya kunyuke, iRomatila e-Roms Rote, kunye ne-Rool" eziluncedo kuncedo lwe-Colday.[2]

IBristol: Imithetho Yokwakha Engadityaniswanga

Indlela yeBristol ingaphandle ngenxa yokungaguquguquki kwayo komthetho. Usodolophu unyanzeliswe ngenkqubo yokulungisa iPlan ye- Bristol yendawo yoMhlaba [ egunyazisa “ikholo okanye uphahla oluluhlaza” kuzo zonke izakhiwo ezintsha ezikwindawo ethile ephakamileyo, ezisebenzayo ukusuka kuma-202020. Oku kuyimfuneko kunyanzeliswe ngenkqubo yokucwangcisa, ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubela entsha inegalelo ekunciphekeni koMbindiso we-UHI ukususela ngosuku olunye. IBristol inika “INgxowama yokwakha esebenzayo” enika intengo esezantsi yemisebenzi yokwakha ephantsi kakhulu, kuquka nemiphatho epholileyo epholileyo. Isixeko siye saphumelela ngokuphawulekayo, ngokunjalo, amaqela amaqela amaqela aphezulu elungele uluntu asekuhlaleni afumana umgangatho obushushu obulinganayo.

IBirmingham: Ukhokelo lwemithetho

IBirmingham, isixeko esikhulu se-UK ngaphandle kwe-London, iphinde yenza inkqubela ebalulekileyo. [[FLT: 0] iBhirmham iBhunga lesiXeko iphinde yahlaziya iMithetho yokuLawula ekwakheni iMithetho yokuLawula [[[FLT]]] kwe-2021] ukucela isalathiso esincinane selanga esingu-0. 60 kuzo zonke iziphahla ezimcabamcabayo. Oku kwenza iBirmingham ibe linye lamadolobha ambalwa aseYurophu anomgangatho okhethekileyo wokusebenza. Umlawuli wemikhosi wadibanisa lo mthetho “nombambo ngomba "Rool" olunika imikbaso eninzi, umgangatho oziiiiiiiishelamfolamzimfolo kumakhaya abanyuse uphahla lwawo. Umphetho wazo wobushushu obude, u-3% wamanani othe , unyusothothotho lwemi, umbane, u-ondo oluthe lwabiwo lwemiqu.

Glasgow: Idityaniswe iintsontela ezipholileyo neRetrofit

Glasgow, enezakhiwo ezinkulu ezinamaplanga amnyama, ijongene nocelomngeni olungaqhelekanga. Usodolophu udibanise uphahla olupholileyo oluseluphahleni luye lwayinyuselwa kwi- Glasgow Energy Programme[. Xa abemi befaka isicelo sokufaka isakhiwo sokulungisa izakhiwo ezipholileyo okanye uphahla, banikwa uphahla olupholileyo. Amakhaya angama-500 angenelwe ngoku. Ngaphezu koko, i-Glasgow i-Glasgow Homew Ener Energy Programme". Umqhubi wenqwelo-moya eGovanhill, apho umxube wemithi epholileyo, uphahla olupholileyo, kunye nophahla lwezitrafishi ezibonisa iziphumo, kwaye umboniso we-data ekwizitrafiki elungele ukulawulwa kwedolo-o-okth-odrogray.

Iingxaki Nemigaqo Yexesha Elizayo

Phezu kwayo nje inkqubela echukumisayo, uninzi lwezicelo ziyaqhubeka. Okokuqala, inkxaso-mali ihlala ingumqobo omkhulu. Imisebenzi epholileyo kunye neluhlaza ifuna utyalo-mali lwangaphambili, kwaye oomatiloshe basoloko bexhomekeke kwimiqathango elinganiselweyo yoqingqo-mali okanye kwimiqathango yesizwe. Urhulumente we-UK uRG. INgxelo yoMsebenzi we-Manethwelo-Mphakamo [ kunye ne [[FLT] i-'iiiiintenel' [[FLT]] ithelela iNgxotya yemali ePhakamileyo [[[[FLT] [[FLT] i-' [iiiiiiii-omatilite] ifumana inkxaso ethile yemali [[ kodwa ifuna inkxaso ephezulu yemiqatha okanye imiqatha yemiqatha yendlela yendlela yolwano yesizwe]. I-US, izicwangciso zolwazi lolwazi lo

Ukuze boyise olu celomngeni, oomatiloshe bakhangele kwintlanganisela yezixhobo zenkqubo, ukusungulwa kwemali, kunye nonxibelelwano lukawonke-wonke. Enye indlela ethembisayo kukusetyenziswa kwemibhobho yengcali ngokungqalileyo] ebekelwe ukumelana nobushushu. Lon Green Fund [, umzekelo, inyuse i-$500-zigidi ze-$65 [izigidi ze-irambu ye-carbon kunye nezisekelo ezipholileyo. Okunye kukwakukukudityaniswa kwemfuno yophahla kwimveliso ye-inshorensi nemali, i-infatho ye-mali esezantsi okanye inzala esezantsi. Iimpahla zoluntu eziluncedo, ezifana “ukunyuswa kwemisebenzi eluhlaza, ukukhuliswa kweminye igxana yelizwe, ukudityaniswa kwemiqatha ye-odolorti yolwane yesizwe, i-odolaygranti yolwane, zonke izakhiwo ezikhethiweyo, ezikhethiweyo kwizixeko ezikhethiweyo,

Xa ujonga phambili, ubugcisa bobugcisa buza kwenza indima enkulu. izinto zophahla ziyancitshiswa kwaye zisebenza kakhulu, ngemveliso ekhoyo ngoku ebonisa i 90% yemitha yelanga. Izigqumo ezigqumathiyo [ ezitshintshayo ezisekelwe kwiqondo lobushushu zikwinkqubela phambili. Ugcino-lwazi lwe-data olunxulumene nemeko-metallite kunye nemo yemozulu yasedolophi, luzakunceda oomatiloshe abajolise kwizinto ezitheneyo ezithe ngqo. [[[[FLT:]] Iofisi yeFLT:5] kunye nolwazi olunamandla [FFL:6] [FT] [iv6] [ig.FT][5]

Isiphelo

Ukhokelo oluboniswa ngabalawuli besixeko sase-UK ekuhlaseleni iziqithi ezishushu zasedolophini nasekukhuthazeni uphahla olupholileyo luyisiqinisekiso sokulawula amandla esenzo sasekuhlaleni xa kutshintsha imozulu yomhlaba. Ngemigaqo-nkqubo yolwakhiwo, intsebenziswano yemali, intsebenziswano yoluntu, kunye nokudibana kwemikhosi yoluntu, aba balawuli benza inkqubela ecacileyo ekupholiseni imeko-bume zedolophana. Ukusuka kwiLondon inika imiyalelo yokulawula iBristol eBristol, ukuma kwe-atry, ukumaglasitha kobushushu beGlaska iGlassbow, ukusetyenziswa kwe-glasssss, ubungqina bucacile: ukungenelela intratya-a, ukuthoba amandla, ukuphucula imfuno yamandla, nokuphucula impilo kawonke-wonke-wonke-wonke-wonke-wonke, ukutshintsha kookhephethi yeliso, ukutshintsha kookhesa iliso lombane, kunye nokwakhiwa kwe-okhesazulu, yonke indawo, ukusetyenziswa kombane, ukusetyenziswa kombane,