Ukuvela kwezixhobo zonxibelelwano lwezentlalo kuye kwayiguqula ngokusisiseko indlela abantu abanxibelelana ngayo, babelane ngolwazi, kwaye babandakanyeke kwintetho yesidlangalala. Ngeli xesha ezi zixhobo zinika amandla amakhulu okuba ngummi waseTwitter, eFacebook, eInstagram, eTik Tok, neYouTube ziye zayila iindlela ezingenakuthelekiswa nanto zokuncokola nokuphikisana ngedemokhrasi, zikhuthaza ukuma kwendalo kwiindlela ezithelekelelwayo kwiminyaka nje engamashumi amabini edluleyo. Ngelixesha ezi zixhobo zinika amandla amakhulu okuba ngummili-mfono wokuziko kunye nokukhuthulula ulwazi olunzulu, zikwakwakwakwa zibeka iingozi ezibugqweqwele zobu bokhetho, kunye neenkalo zobunyani kwimizekelo yophando-lwazi.

Ukwanda Kwezinto Ezithetha Ngentlalo: Umandla Aguqulayo

Ukwanda okukhawulezileyo kwezi migangatho kutshintshile ngendlela ezisasazwa ngayo iindaba, ezigqitywe ngayo, kwaye ziqinisekiswe. Namhlanje, ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sabemi behlabathi sisebenzisa ijelo leendaba zoluntu, kunye nezixhobo zonxibelelwano ezifana ne-Fenter kunye neMySpace ibe zii-algorith-drives, ii-modelis ezibumbanisa uluvo lukawonke-wonke wonke ngomlinganiselo womhlaba. Olu tshintsho lukhulu luye lwadala ulwazi olukhoyo apho abagcini bamasango besithethe (`janournals, umhleli, kunye neengcaphephe zemfundo) zisoloko zikhuphisana ukuze zifumane ingqalelo ngempembelelo, iincwadi ezingaxhaswangaxhaswanga, kunye nee-athoriobhuti, kunye nee-otholot.

  • Ufikelelo oluthe vetshe kulwazi: Izixhobo zemedia zentlalo zinciphisa imiqobo ekupapasheni nasekubelaneni, zinceda nabani na one-intanethi asasaze umyalezo wakhe. Oku kuye kwakhokelela kuphuphuma lwento equlethweyo, ethembekileyo nengathandabuzekiyo.
  • uqhagamshelwano lwejiyografi phakathi kwabasebenzisi: i-economgange we-economic nenkcubeko ithe shwaka, ikhuthaza ukutshintshiselana ngemida enqamlezileyo kodwa ikwanceda ukusasazeka okukhawulezileyo kwemposiso yokusasazwa kwenkohliso neengcamango ezigabadelayo.
  • uhlaziyo lwexesha lokwenene lweziganeko: Ngoku ulwaphuko lwaphuka koluqala kunxibelelwano lwentlalo-ntle, njengoko kubonwa ngexesha le-Arabian Spring, i-2020 Ferguson, kunye nendyikitya yokuqhatha yowandiswa. Noko ke, isantya sokusasazwa sidla ngokudlula ukukhangela intelekelelo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwinkohliso esasazekileyo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ukufunxa okune-algalithmic: iplatforms zisebenzisa umatshini wokufunda ukondla abantu ngokobuqu, zinyusa ukuganana kodwa zidala amaqamza ecebo lokucoca aqinisa iinkolelo zabasebenzisi ezikhoyo kwaye zilinganisela umahluko weembono.

Ukuvela kwezixhobo zonxibelelwano kukwaguqula amandla anamandla kwimimandla yetheminali. Ingeniso yokubhengeza ekwakusoloko kuxhaswa yizobuzwilakhe ngoku ihambela kwizikhulu zobugcisa, nto leyo enegalelo ekuncipheni kwamaphephandaba asekuhlaleni kunye neengxelo zobugcisa. Oku kukhutshwa koondaba besithethe kushiye i-athom esoloko izaliswe kukulingana okanye ukuncitshiswa kwezixhobo zentlalo-ntle.

Indima yamajelo eendaba kwiNkcubeko yesidlangalalisi

Intetho yesidlangalala ibhekisela ekuxubusheni iingcamango neembono kwimiba yentlalo-ntle, ngezantsi kwesiseko senkqubo yedemokhrasi esebenzayo. I-media yentlalo iye yaba libala eliphambili kule ntetho, ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bathethe iingcinga zabo, basebenzisane nabanye, kwaye balungelelanise inyathelo elihlangeneyo. Noko ke, ukufaneleka nokungakhathaleli kwale ntetho kudlalwa kakhulu.

Indima ye-intanethi kwintetho yesidlangalala iquka ezi zinto zilandelayo:

  • Ukusetyenziswa kolwazi lwelizwi: amaqela acekelwe phantsi ngokwembali, "iqela elincinane, iLGBTQ+ abantu abaneziphene, abantu abasebenzisa i-media yezentlalo ukudibanisa iimbono kunye namava ebengahoywa okanye acinezelwa. Imo-ntle njenge #MNGLEKLEZISET, kunye # Metoo wafumana igalelo lomhlaba wonke ngenxa yamandla okhuthazo lwenethi. Oku kusetyenziswa kwelizwi kukwabelana ngezakhono zentlalo.
  • Ulwazi olunesandi: Isiqulatho singasasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwii-intanethi, siphembelela uluvo lukawonke-wonke kunye nokukhuthaza isenzo ngomlinganiselo ongazange ubonwe ngaphambili. Ukusuka ekunikeleni uncedo lwentlekele ukuya ekuququzeleleni ingxubusho yezobupolitika, amaphulo eentsholongwane abonakalisa ukuba nokwenzeka kokukhuthaza umanyano lwamaqumrhu oluntu. Noko ke, iingcamango zentsholongwane zinokuba yingozi ngokulinganayo, zibangela umonakalo phambi kokuba ulungiso lufumane ithuba.
  • Abasebenzisi bangabandakanyeka ngqo kwezobupolitika, intatheli, kunye noonozwilakhe, bakhuthaza imvakalelo yokuziphendulela koluntu. Iiholo zedolophi kwi-Twitter kwaye ziphila kwi-Q&A i-Istagram ifinyeza umgca phakathi kwamanani kawonke-wonke nabaphulaphuli, yenza abezobupolitika bafikeleleke ngakumbi [1] kodwa kwakhona banokuchanabeka ngakumbi ekuhlukunyezweni nasekuhlaselweni.
  • [[Ukwahlula-hlula:0] Ucalulo lweNtshukumo yeNtshukumo: Endaweni yeskweri esinye sikawonke-wonke, i-media yoluntu yenza indawo ezininzi apho abasebenzisi abaqiqayo baqinisana khona iimbono zomnye. Oku kwahlulwa kungenza buthathaka umhlaba oqhelekileyo ofunekayo kwingxoxo yedemokhrasi, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiziphumo "igumbi le-echo" apho ingxubusho eziphikisanayo zinqabile ukudibana okanye ziqwalaselwa ngokunzulu.

Ngaphezu koko, kwaukunxibelelana ngekhompyutha (ukusebenzisana ngekhompyutha), ukungabinanto, ukunqongophala kwentetho engasetyenziswanga ncam. Ukunganyani nokuhlasela komntu ngamnye kuxhaphakile, kudimaza ukuthatha inxaxheba nokuqhuba amazwi afanelekileyo ngaphandle kwengxoxo. Isiphumo yingqungquthela kawonke-wonke edla ngokuba yindawo eqhekekayo nengaphindiyo kuneyokuyiyo.

Impembelelo Kulawulo - melo

Impembelelo ye-intanethi ye-media yamajelo eendaba ifikelela ngokunzulu kummandla wedemokhrasi, ichaphazela ukuthatha inxaxheba kwezobupolitika, iinkqubo zonyulo, nokuthemba amaqumrhu. Iingongoma ezilandelayo zibalaselisa impembelelo yayo ekwizinto ezininzi:

  • ICandelo loMthendeleko: amaCandelo kunye namaqela ngoku axhomekeke kakhulu kulwazi lwezentlalo ukwenzela ukufikelela ngaphandle, ukujolisa inani elithile labemi nemiyalezo engalawulekiyo. IMicrowissing/isebenzisa ugcino-lwazi kwimfuno zabasebenzisi, indawo, kunye nesimilo `ilwamkelo lokuhambisa izibhengezo ezilungiselweyo ezinokususa amavoti. U.S. 2016 unyulo lomongameli kunye nonyulo jikelele wama-2019 luyimizekelo ecacileyo yendlela ezinokuyilwa ngayo imicimbi yezentlalo-luni.
  • Ukusetyenziswa kweNkcubeko yeQumrhu loLuntu: Amaphulo ogcino-lwazi oluphakathi aye aphumelela ekunyuseni ubhaliso oluvotiyo nokurhoxa, ingakumbi phakathi kwabantu abaselula. Iiplatforms ezifana neSnapchat kunye ne-Instagram ezinxulumene nemibutho yoluntu ukunikezela ubhaliso kunye nezikhumbuzo. Noko ke, imigudu yokuququzelela isenokusetyenziswa ekucimeni ukubhadula, njengasasaza ulwazi olulahlekisayo malunga neendawo zokuqokelela okanye iimfuno zokwahlulelwa.
  • I-Diffixotion kunye neMisform: Ukusasazwa kwangabom kolwazi olububuxoki ````disfonson'] ukuthoba ukuthembana kwimigangatho yedemokhrasi, ukuhlwayela, ukungqubana nokuphelisa ukudideka kwentlalo-ntle yoluntu. Imizekelo iquka amabali ashwabeneyo, imifanekiso yoogqirha, kunye nezikhonkwane ezinzulu ze-AIUIII ezithenjiweyo eziye zanengxaki kodwa eziseyingozi. Ezi zinto zibhalwe kunyulo lwehlabathi lonke, ukusuka ku-2016 Brexit endexendexum ukuya ku 2020.S. Unyulo lomongameli. Imizekelo iquka amabali ashwayelwe, imifanekiso enziwe ngoogqirha, kunye nezinyusothulelo ezinzulu ekunzima ukuva.
  • I-Interanore: Amazwana asebenzisa izixhobo zonxibelelwano lwentlalo ukuze angenele kwiinkqubo zedemokhrasi kwamanye amazwe. I-Agency yophando lwe-Internet yaseRashiya, idala ii-akhawunti zobuxoki kunye nolwahluko lolwandiso kwibutho lamaMelika ngexesha lonyulo 2016. Ukuphazamisa okufanayo kuye kwaphawulwa kunyulo eFransi, eJamani, eUkraine, nakwamanye amazwe amaninzi.
  • Ukwenza kube nokwenzeka: Imithetho-manani yezentlalo yogcino-lwazi ebeka phambili ingxingo okanye intsingiselo eyahlulayo ingenza ulwahlulo lwezopolitiko. Uhlolisiso lwepew Research Center lwafumanisa ukuba amaMelika axhomekeke kumajelo eendaba ezentla anokuchanabeka kakhulu kwimilinganiselo yezobupolitika. Oku kuthatyathwa-nxaxheba kwenza kube nzima ngakumbi kwaye kunokubangela ukungazinzi kwedemokhrasi.

Phezu kwazo nje ezi ngxaki, amajelo eendaba aqinisa idemokhrasi ngeendlela ezibalulekileyo. Inceda ukulungelelanisa okukhawulezileyo kwemibutho yokuqhankqalaza (umz. umz. Umbutho weambrela yaseHong Kong, ukuqhankqalaza kwamabhinqa angama-2022 eIran). Inika iqonga lokubhenela iimpempe kunye neentatheli ukubhenca urhwaphilizo.

Ucelomngeni Olubangelwa Ziindaba

Ngoxa amajelo eendaba enemiphumo emihle emininzi, akwaneengxaki eziphawulekayo ezinokusongela intetho yesidlangalala nempilo yedemokhrasi.

  • Izixhobo ze-Echo neGoups: Abasebenzisi badla ngokubandakanyeka ngokuyintloko nabantu abanezimvo ezihambisana neembono zabo ezikhoyo. Imithetho-mithetho yahlula oku ngokubonisa abasebenzisi abaninzi ngoko sele bekuthanda, ukuhlisa ukuchana kwembono kwizinto ezichasanayo. Lo mjikelo wozilo-luvo ungaguqula iinkolelo kunye nolwandiso lwe-xpox. Ufundo lwamashumi amabini ananye lwapapashwa ku lufumanile ukuba ukuchatsha komahluko kwiimbono kwimithombo yezixhobo zekhompyutha ethetha imimandla yasekuhlaleni, kunokuba lunyuse, kunokuba lwandise ingqungqungquthelana.
  • Ukuhlasela nokuhlasela: Ukungabikho kolwazi nomgama onikelwa yinkqubo yonxibelelwano lungaveza eyona nto imbi kwihambo yabantu. Ukuxhatshazwa, intetho yentiyo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwekhompyutha kuxhaphakile, amabhinqa, amancinane, kunye namanani ezobupolitika. Iziphumo ezimanyumnyezi zokuxhatshazwa kwekhompyutha zingaphelisa amazwi kwaye zidimaza inxaxheba kwingxoxo kawonke-wonke. Ngoxa amaqonga ephucule imigudu yokulungelelanisa umlinganiselo, umthamo osintlukwano wenza ukuba ungabi nako ukugcwala okusebenza kwamapolisa, nokusetyenziswa kwemithetho ehambisa izityholo zocalulo.
  • I-Algalithmic Bias kunye ne-Mavanyism: Imithetho-mithetho ecwangcisa izinto ezibangela ukuganana /clicks, ezifana, ezifana, izabelana, gqabaza. Ngokusuka ezi mvakalelo, ezichukumisayo, okanye ezothusi eziqulethweyo zibonakala zisebenza kakuhle, kungakhathaliseki ukuba zichanile. Esi sixhobo sikhuthaza ingxubusho sibuyisela umvano kuweso kunye nedrama. Njengesiphumo, uthengiso lwentlalo lungalawulwa zii-clity, ukurhoxinanisa iimbono zikawonke nokugqwetha impikiswano kwimicimbi enje yokufuduka, ukuchatsha, ukutshintsha kwemozulu, kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
  • Privtacy kunye noGcino-lwazi olusebenzisa kakubi: Imodeli yeshishini lamajelo eendaba entlalo-ntle] Intengiso efakelweyo esekelwe kwi-data yomsebenzisi //iintelekelelo ze-imfihlo zobuqu ezibanzi. Ugcino-lwazi (umz., Analytica) nokusetyenziswa kakubi kolwazi lobuqu lokusebenzisa i-Promastical transmitte. Abasebenzisi bangabonakalisa ukuthemba. Ukuba bayayithanda imisebenzi yabo ye-intanethi iyalawulwa okanye isetyenziswa, icubanisa inkululeko ebalulekileyo kwintetho yedemokhrasi.
  • Amandla aPhakathiyo: Amaqela amaqumrhu azimeleyo ambalwa `Meta, X (owayenguMququzeli), Google/UMkhube, ByteDence- Control kubume bamanani kawonke-wonke. Izigqibo zabo ngokulinganisela umlinganiselo, utshintsho lwemithetho-algorithm, kunye neenkqubo zokubhengeza zibumba intetho kawonke wonke. Oku kugxininisa kwamandla kubeka umngcipheko kulawulo lwedemokhrasi: izilangazelelo zenkampani azinakuhambelani nolungelo lukawonke wonke, kwaye kukho ulawulo lwedemokhrasi olulinganiselweyo.

Ukukhuthaza Imiphumo Emibi

Ekubeni beqonda ukuba zinkulu ezi ngxaki, abadlali abaninzi bazama ukunciphisa iziphumo ezingezizo ezingezizo ezonxibelelwano ngoxa begcina iingenelo zazo. Le migudu ikwiindidi eziliqela:

  • Umiselo lomthetho: amazwe ehlabathini lonke azama imithetho ukwandisa ukuphendulana kweqonga. UMthetho weNkonzo zamanani we-European Union umisela iimbopheleleko ezifunekayo zenkuthalo kumaqonga ukulwa okuqulathwe okungavumelekanga kunye nomngcipheko wesixokelelwano. EUnited States, umthetho ocetyisiweyo njengomthetho wokubonisa imigaqo-manani ecacileyo nemithetho e-Kiden ye-Adspun Online Safety Act efuna ukukhusela abasebenzisi. Noko ke, umthetho kufuneka ulungelelanise inkxalabo yokuthetha ngenkululeko nemfuneko yokunciphisa umonakalo.
  • Izifundo ezithenjiweyo zobuMedia: inyathelo lokufundisa kwizikolo kunye noluntu elijolise ekuxhobiseni abemi ngobuchule bokucinga obubalulekileyo ukuvavanya ulwazi. Iinkqubo ezifana ne New News Linic Project neStanford History Education Grouption’s “CUNICEF" ukufundisa abafundi ukuchonga inkohliso, ukuqonda ukuphisa kwe-algoric, kwaye bathabathe inxaxheba ngokusemthethweni kwi-intanethi. Ukufundisa kwe-Media lurhwebo olude olunika amandla abasebenzisi ukuba baqonde abasebenzi kunye nabaphumezi bento.
  • Ujikelezo----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  • [[FLT: 0] ICIVIL Society and Journalism: Imibutho engangeni ngeniso, abaphengululi bemfundo, kunye neentatheli zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni amaqonga ephendulayo. Iintlangano ezifana Ezine-ectronic Foundation Foundation abaxhasi bamalungelo amanani, ngelixa amaqela ophando afana no Internet uqwalaselo lwe-servation[ ifunda kwikhompyutha izisongelo. intekoxoxozo zenyaniso (umz. g., SnopectalFractal) inikeza izicwangciso ezinokuthi ziyakwazi ukujikeleza.

Ikamva Lemithombo Yezopolitiko Nelilawulwa Ngulawulo - melo

Njengoko amajelo eendaba eqhubeka eguquka, ulwalamano lwawo nedemokhrasi luza kutshintsha. Nazi ezinye izinto ezinokwenzeka kwixesha elizayo kunye nenkqubela-phambili:

  • [[NTL:0] Ukwahlulwa okuthe kratya: Singalindela ukuvelela okubanzi kakhulu korhulumente, ingakumbi kumazwe edemokhrasi axhalabele ingqibelelo yonyulo nokhuseleko lwesizwe. I-EU’S DSA iza kuba yimodeli kwamanye amagunya. Noko ke, ukunyanzelisa kuya kuba lucelomngeni, kwaye ukugqithiswa kakhulu kunokuphelisa ukuphuhliswa okanye ukwaphulwa kwamazwi ngokukhululekileyo.
  • [[NTL:0] Imigangatho ephakathi nenye i-Platforms: Amaqonga amatsha anjenge-Mastodon, bluesky, kunye namanye amagumbi afakelwe okanye asekelwe kwibloko anika ezinye iindlela ezifanelekileyo kumaziko entlalo alawulwa yinkampani. La maqonga anika abasebenzisi ulawulo oluphezulu kugcino-lwazi kunye nemigaqo-lwazi. Xa behlala kwindawo yabo, bamele ukuphambuka kwizakhiwo zamandla aphakathi.
  • NGAPHAMBILI-Drive Concentive Moderation kunye nesizukulwana: Izixhobo eziqhubela phambili ze-Al ziyasetyenziswa ukuva intetho yentiyo, inkohliso, kwaye zilungelelaniswa ukuziphatha okungahambelaniyo kwimilinganiselo. Kwangaxeshanye, i-generative AIA (njenge ChatGPT kunye nomatshini wokunika imifanekiso) yenza kube lula ukwenza umxholo wenkohliso. Ugqatsolo lwezixhobo phakathi kobhaqo kunye nesizukulwana luzakomeleza. Uluntu lwedemokhrasi kufuneka lugqibe indlela yokulawula izibhengezo zelizwe lwe-Iagenear ne-efakes.
  • Iingcebiso zeMedia Literation: Njengoko ukufunda nokubhala kuqwalaselwa njengobuchule obubalulekileyo bobumi, singalindela ukudibanisa okungakumbi kwizifundo zesikolo nakumaphulo kawonke-wonke. Amazwe afana neFinland sele enza ukufunda ulwazi lwezidipoyithi kube yinto yokuqala yesizwe, nempumelelo engenakulungiseka ekunyamezeleni inkohliso.
  • [[FLT: 0] Shift Mayela nomyalezo othe ngqo: ngokuqhubekayo, intetho kawonke-wonke isuka kwiqonga elivulekileyo iye kwii-apps zabucala zokuthumela imiyalezo ezifana ne Whatsapp, Signal, ne Telegram. Oku kutshintsha kunciphisa ubuchule bokuqwalasela nokubhala imbali ephosakeleyo, njengoko amaqela azimeleyo enokuba ziindawo zokuzalana ukwenzela iingcamango zozungu. Iplatforms zifuna iindlela zokuthetha ngale nto ngaphandle kokulalanisa.

Impembelelo yempembelelo yezentlalo ye-intanethi ayimiselwanga kwangaphambili. Ixhomekeke kwisigqibo esenziwa ngoorhulumente, iinkampani, ibutho labantu, kunye nabantu abasebenzisa iziyobisi. Imigudu yokuqinisa imigaqo yedemokhrasi kunye nokuzinziswa kwenkqubo yoluntu inokuba luncedo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba amajelo eendaba asebenza kunokuba aphelise iprojekthi yedemokhrasi.

Isiphelo

Ngokungathandabuzekiyo likrele elinamasebe aphindiweyo: linika izixhobo ezinamandla zokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwentetho kawonke-wonke, ukuthembisana, nokuziphendulela, ngoxa libangela iingxaki ezibalulekileyo kwimpilo yedemokhrasi ngokuhlaliswa ngokwendawo engaphandle, ukudityaniswa kwe-prografiki, nokukhathazwa. Ukuqonda impembelelo yayo entsonkothileyo kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhuthazeni imekobume yedemokhrasi esempilweni entle kwinkulungwane yama-21. Njengoko sihamba sisebenzisa le ndawo ijikelezayo ngokukhawuleza, kubalulekile ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zoluntu, ukukhuthaza ingxoxo eyakhayo phakathi kwamazwi ahlukeneyo, nokubeka imigangatho ebeke ityala ngendima yabo kwimimandla ebanzi. Ikamva ledemokhrasi lixhomekeke ekukwazini kwethu ukunxibelelana iingozi zayo ngexesha lama-20121, ukuqinisekisa ukuba abemi bendawo yembutho-mathe-wonke bahlala kuyo, bethetha kunye, kwaye bebonmb ’ ukugqiba oko benza ikamva.