Imvelaphi Yesivumelwano Esihle SoLwesihlanu

Isivumelwano seGood Wesihlanu se10 Aprili 1998 simi njengenye yezigqibo ezibalulekileyo zentlalo-ntle kwimbali yanamhlanje yaseYurophu. Saphelisa amashumi amathathu eminyaka emfazwe enzima eMntla Ireland eyaziwa ngokuba yiMibango, kwaye ngokusisiseko salungisa ulwalamano phakathi kwe-Ireland ne-United Kingdom. Esi sivumelwano asiyompumelelo ngesiquphelo kodwa yayiyiyo incopho yeminyaka yokuxolelwa, iingxoxo zemfihlo, nenkalipho yezopolitiko kumacala onke. Sathetha ngezantlukwano ezinzulu ezisekelwe kwimfazwe ye-Unists, ezifuna ukuba i-Northern Ireland ihlale iyinxalenye ye-UK, kunye ne-Nationalisland, ezifuna umanyano lwe-Ireland. Ngokuseka isiphelo seminyaka yokuxoko, amalungelo amakhaya, kunye nentsebenziswanowasemnqamle, isivumelwano soxolo esidala umanyano oluye lwamanyeneyo, kuquka i-Brum, kunye neziphumo sawo.

Imfazwe yase-Northern Ireland yaqala ekwahlulweni kwe-Ireland ngowe-1921, eyashiya uninzi lwamaProtestanti angumGriti nomkhosi wamaKatolika omntla kunye neqela labathathi-nxaxheba. Kangangamashumi eminyaka, uluntu lwamaKatolika lwajamelana nocalucalulo oluxhobileyo olubandakanya izindlu, imisebenzi, namalungelo okuvota. Oku kungabi nabulungisa kwabangela ukuvela kombutho wamalungelo abantu e-1960, okwathi kwanenkqolo emkhosini emkhosini onyanisekileyo kumaqela kunye nemikhosi yokhuseleko. Oku kwakhula kwaba yimeko engquzulaneno emkhosi ebandakanya i-Irish Republican Army (IRA), imikhosi ethembekileyo, kunye noMkhosi waseBritani othelekelelekileyo, ngo-1990905, abantu abangaphezu kwamawaka baye babulawa yaye amashumi amawaka enzakelelekileyo. Imfazwe nayo yaphazamise ungquzulwano phakathi koorhulumente base-Australia ne-London, kunye ne-Ireland esoloko ihlasela inkqubo yemfazwe ye-Britishejantili yase-rist ejongeneengili yase-Ireland e-Rrish e-rithenwa

Indlela eya kwiSivumelwano esiPhezulu saseTshabini saseTshabindini saseTshayina yasekwa ziinguqu eziliqela eziphambili. Isivumelwano se-Anglo-Irish sonyaka wama-1985 sanika urhulumente wase-Ireland indima yokuhlola imicimbi yaseMntla Ireland, i-Unionsss kodwa imisela umjelo osemthethweni we-Romany. Iintetho ezifihlakeleyo phakathi korhulumente waseBritani kunye ne-IRA, kunye nokunxibelelana phakathi kweSirbara neSibour Parti (SDLP) kunye neSin Féin, zakha intekoso. U19949 wayeka ukutshayalwa yi-IRA kunye ne-Riphabliki yobuGrekhohlo, ekwanguMntla noMatshi 1999, kunye ne-1998%, iintetho ze-USARhover, zaqalisa ngo-opera. Isivumelwano saqala ngo-19969, kwaye ekugqibeleni sazibondandalalisa yonke. Isivumelwano sakhiwa yi-Scoshadi yaseMntla ne-e - Ireland, e-1999.

Amalungiselelo Esivumelwano

IGood Wear Agreement luxwebhu oluntsonkothileyo olulinganisa imigaqo yokuzigqibela, ukuvumelana, ukulingana, namalungelo abantu.

  • Eyodwa: INdibano yasemntla Ireland kunye noMgaqo-magunya – I-A ehluliweyo-amandla karhulumente enziwe, nezihlalo ezibekwe ngokulinganayo kwiqela le-Union kunye ne-Nationalism. Izigqibo ezingundoqo zifuna inkxaso enqamlezeneyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho nalinye icala elinokulawula.
  • II: IBhunga labalungiseleli elisemntla-mzantsi - Eli qumrhu lihlanganisa abalungiseleli abasuka kwiNdibano yaseNorthern Ireland kunye norhulumente wase-Ireland ukuze basebenzisane kwimicimbi yomdla wobabini, njengezolimo, ezothutho, kunye nokhenketho.
  • Ngesithathu: iBhunga leBritane-Irithishi – A forum yoorhulumente baseBritane nase-Irish, kwakunye nabaphathi abakhuthuzayo eSkotlani, eWales, naseMntla Ireland, ukuxubusha iingxaki ezahlulweyo. Ibonisa umoya omtsha womanyano.
  • Ukufumana i-MFLT-Isivumelwano sivuma ilungelo labantu kuMntla Ireland ukufanisa iBritane, i-Ireland, okanye zombini. Sikwathi imeko yemGaqo-siseko yasemntla Ireland ingatshintsha kuphela xa abantu bayo bevuma.
  • Amalungelo abantu nokulingana – IBhili yamaLungelo kuMntla Ireland yacetyiswa, kwaye i-UK yadibanisa iNdibano yaseYurophu yaMalungelo oluntu kumthetho wekhaya. IKhomishini yokulingana kunye neKhomishini yamalungelo abantu yasemntla Ireland yasekwa.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukukhupha izixhobo [ – amaqela emikhosi azinikele ekususweni ngokupheleleyo kwezixhobo zawo, inkqubo egadwe yikhomishini ezimeleyo. Le yayingumba onzulu, kodwa ekugqibeleni yafunyanwa.
  • Utshintsho lwePolice – iRoyal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) yathatyathelw' indawo yiNkonzo yamapolisa eNorthern Ireland (PSNI), kunye namanyathelo okwandisa ukuma kobuKatolika kunye nokwakha ukuthembana kwengingqi.
  • Isifo sengxwabangxwaba yamabanjwa [ – Ngaphantsi kwesivumelwano, amabanjwa ahlangene namaqela omkhosi agcina umlilo wakhululwa kwangoko, umlinganiselo obalulekileyo wokwakha intembelo.

Esi sivumelwano samisa iindlela zokuqhubana nelifa lexesha elidlulileyo, kuquka ukusekwa kweKhomishoni yeNdawo Yamaxhoba kunye neQela leZihlolo ezingokwasemthethweni ukuhlola ukubulawa kwabantu okungalungiswanga. La malungiselelo enzelwe ukulungiselela inyaniso nokusesikweni ngoxa kuthintelwa ukukhutshwa kwenkqubo yoxolo.

Ukuguqula Iindawo zoNcedo lwe-Ireland

I-Good Wear Agreement yaguqula ulwalamano phakathi kwe-Ireland ne-United Kingdom ukusuka kwenye yemikrokro kunye nengxubevange yamaxa athile yaba lumanyano olulungelelanisiweyo olusekelwe kwintlonelo kunye nezilangazelelo ezidibeneyo. Ngaphambi konyaka ka-1998, urhulumente wase-Ireland wacela ukuba i-Ireland imanyene kwaye igxekwe inkqubo yeBritane eMantla. Urhulumente waseBritani, naye, wabujonga ubuzwe base-Ireland njengobunemfazwe obukhulu. Isivumelwano saguqula oku ngamandla ngokususa umda njengendawo yokulwa. Oorhulumente bomarhulumente baba ngabaxhasi boxolo, basebenza kunye kwiNgqungquthela ye-British-Irristmist Comminqulo yoomatili yaseMzantsi noMntla-Oolungiseleli.

Isivumelwano saba nempembelelo enzulu kwisiqithi sase-Ireland. Ukususwa kweendawo zokuhlola ukhuseleko kumda kwaphelisa uxinezeleko kunye nonxunguphalo kuluntu oluhlala kufutshane nomda. Urhwebo kunye nohambo phakathi koMntla noMzantsi lwakhula ngokuphawulekayo. Uqoqosho lwazo zonke iindawo zamazwe, neenkampani ezisebenza ngaphandle komdado. Oku kudityaniswa kwezoqoqosho kwaqinisa uzinzo lwezopolitiko olwabangelwa yisivumelwano. Ulwalamano phakathi koorhulumente base-Ireland noBritane lwasondela kangangokuba baqalisa ukwenza imigaqo engqinelanayo kwimicimbi esusela kwimpilo, kwaye bahlanganisana notyelelo lwezinkokeli zezizwe ngezizwe.

Umlinganiselo ongundoqo wolwalamano oluphuculiweyo kukuphinda-phindwa nobushushu bonxulumano oluphezulu. Iintlanganiso zonyaka phakathi kweTaoisseach (iNkulumbuso yeIrishi) kunye neNkulumbuso yaseBritane zaba ngumsebenzi oqhelekileyo. Ngo-2014, uKumkanikazi uElizabeth II wenza utyelelo lukarhulumente kwiRiphabliki yase-Ireland, eyokuqala ngukumkani waseBritane kwiminyaka elishumi elinamashumi amahlanu, efuzisela ukuqhubekeka okuqhelekileyo kolwalamano. Ngokufanayo, oomongameli base-Ireland batyelela i-UK amaxesha amaninzi, kuquka idilesi kwiPalamente yaseBritani ngo-2022. Ezi zenzo zombutho zazingenakuba yinto eyenzeka phambi kwesivumelwano esilungileyo soLwesihlanu.

Isivumelwano sakhuthaza eminye imimandla kunye nemfazwe ehlabathini jikelele. Sathiwa njengomzekelo weenkqubo zoxolo kwilizwe laseBasque, eMzantsi Afrika, eSri Lanka, nakwiindawo zoMbindi Mpuma. Imigaqo yokulawula amandla, imvume, kunye nentsebenziswano enqamlezeneyo yaba yisikhokelo sokuphelisa iimfazwe zamakhaya kunye neengxwabangxwaba zobuhlanga. Nangona imeko nganye ingaqhelekanga, iGood Wearver Ad Regivement ibonisa ukuba kwanezona mpikiswano zingasombululwa ngokuthanda kwezobupolitika, ngokudibanisa, kunye nokuzibophelela kumalungelo abantu.

Ucelomngeni Nesithunzi SeBreexit

Phezu kwazo nje izinto ezininzi eziphunyezweyo, iGood Wear Agreement iye yajamelana neemvavanyo ezinzulu. Amaziko akhuthuzekileyo kuMntla Ireland aye ajijwa izihlandlo eziliqela ngenxa yeengxubevange zezobupolitika, ngokuphawulekayo ngenxa yomba wokurhoxiswa kwezixhobo kwaye, kamva, ngenxa yokuphathwa kolwimi lwase-Ireland kunye nelifa leMbusweni. Uluntu olumanyeneyo lusoloko luvakalelwa ukuba isivumelwano siyingenelo ngakumbi kumazwe asekuhlaleni, ngoxa amazwe ajongenezithembiso ezithile, ezifana ne-Irish Language Act, ezihlala zingazalisekiswa. Ezi zinto zikhokelele ekungaxeginyinyi, ngeNdibano yasemntla Ireland engazange ihlale iminyaka emininzi.

Noko ke, eyona ngxaki inkulu kwisivumelwano seGood Wesihlanu, yavela kwisigqibo soManyano yoMbutho woMzantsi Afrika sokushiya i-European Union kwi-2016. Isivumelwano sakhiwa kumda ovulekileyo phakathi kwe-Ireland yaseMntla-ntla neRiphabliki yase-Ireland, njengamalungu e-EU. I-Brexit yasongela ukuphinda iqale umda onzima, owawuza kuphazamisa inkqubo yoxolo kwaye waphazamisa uqoqosho lwamazwe. Ingxoxo yakhokelela kwi-Northern Ireland Protocol, eyagcina i-Northern Ireland i-livene ne-EURLAND ingumthetho wematheko enye yentengiso, idala umda wezono kuLwandle lwase-Ireland. Eli lungiselelo laliza kuba lichasana noMntla , yaye lathiwenziwayithiwayiphikisa kakhulu i-Uni yase-Ireland.

Ukurhoxa kwezobupolitika kumthetho kwakunzima. Iqela leDemocratic Union (Dup) larhoxa kwigunya elilawulayo elilawulayo ngoFebruwari 2022, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekuweni kweNdibano. Phantse iminyaka emibini, iNorthern Ireland yayingenawo amagunya ahlukeneyo. IUK ne-EUUP ekugqibeleni yavumelana kwi-Dissorations Commor kuFream ngoFebruwari 2023, eyayinenjongo yokuthoba ukhuphiso lwentengiso nokunika iNdibano yaseNorthern Ireland isibhengezo esikhulu kwimithetho ye-EU. Isakhiwo saxhaswa ngamaqela amaninzi e-pro-avreeacement, kodwa i-DUP yabuyela kumandla kuphela ekuqaleni konyaka wama-2024 emva kokukhusela ukukhululwa okuqhubekayo. Oku kubonisa ukuba uLwesihlanu oluhle, ngexesha lobundyezonga, ngeli, xa kunokuthika kakhulu kurhoxiswe ngezo lwezobupolitika.

Eminye imibandela eqhubekayo iquka ukuqhubana nelifa leMbumbulu. Isithembiso solungiso lwenyaniso esipheleleyo asizalisekiswanga kakhulu. Umsebenzi we-Parado, nangona uncitshisiwe kakhulu, ucuphiswa ngamaqela athile alwela amalungelo abantu kunye norhulumente wase-Ireland, ophikisayo ngokudimanisa umoya wesivumelwano seGood Wear Fear Reconstice. Isithembiso senkqubo yokuzinzisa inyaniso singekazalisekiswa. Umsebenzi wemikhosi, nangona uncitshisiwe kakhulu, usaqhubeka nakwamanye amazwe, namaqela avukelayo aye ahlasela ngamaxesha athile.

Ukunyamezela Ilifa Namathemba Exesha Elizayo

Phezu kwazo nje ezi ngxaki, iGood Wear Adventition ihlala ingunozala woxolo kunye nentsebenziswano eMntla Ireland kunye ne-United Kingdom. Incede isizukulwana ukuba sikhule singenaso isisongelo sogonyamelo esiqhubekayo. Ukuguquka kwezoqoqosho nentlalo ye-Ireland kuye kwabalasela: iBelfast iye yaba sisixeko esichumayo, ukhenketho luye lwanda, kwaye urhwebo lwangaphakathi luye lwakhula. Isixeko saseDerry/Londonderry, kanye isikhululo, ngoku sinoMvuzo wehlabathi lonke onconywayo ngeSaziso soMbasomfo-mthetho we-UK. Uxolo luye lwavunyelwa ukuba sifumane ubuchule obuqhelekileyo bobomi bemihla ngemihla ngo-1970 nangowe-1980.

Imigaqo yesivumelwano iyaqhubeka ikhokela intetho yezobupolitika kunye noyilo lweziko. Imodeli yamandla aqhubanayo, nangona ingafezekanga, iye yaba sisakhiwo esamkelekileyo sokulawula. IBhunga loBalungiseleli baseMntla-mzantsi-ntshona iye yahlanganisa rhoqo, kwanaxa kuthe kwakho ixesha iNdibano ingaqhubeki, iqinisekisa ukuba intsebenziswano enqamlezayo yomda wesigqeba iyaqhubeka. Ingqungquthela yeIri yeIrish inika i-alum esisigxina ulwalamano oluzinzileyo. Urhulumente wase-Ireland uye walugcina ukuzinikela kwalo kumgaqo wokuvumelana, ulwenza kucace ukuba naluphi naluphi utshintsho kubume bomGwalatho womGwale-Ireland kufuneka luvunywe ngoninzi lwabavoti-voti-mthetho kwimimandla yomsobini kwisiqithi.

Ukukhangela phambili, ulwalamano phakathi kwe-Ireland ne-United Kingdom lungahlala lusondelelene kodwa lungajamelana neemvavanyo ezintsha. Ukutshintshela kukarhulumente we-UK kuthathelwa phambili kubume bobundilele kuMntla Ireland, kunye nolwalamano lwawo olunzulu lorhwebo namazwe angengo-EU, lungadala ungquzulwano namalungu e-URwanda. Noko ke, abarhulumente babini baye babonakalisa amandla aphawulekayo okulawula ukungavisisani, njengoko kuboniswa yinkcaso yeWindsor Framework. Usukelo olunelo lokulondoloza uxolo nempumelelo kuNyakatho Ireland lunika intsebenziswano oluqhubekayo.

Impembelelo yeGood Wear Agreement idlulela kude kwisiqithi sase-Ireland. Isoloko ichazwa njengomzekelo ophumelelayo wokucombulula ungquzulwano, ingakumbi kuluntu olwahluleke kakhulu. Imigaqo yentlola eququkileyo, amandla-oksi, ukhuseleko lwamalungelo abantu, nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokukhusela imvume ekhuselekileyo ngoku zibonwa ngokubanzi njengezixhobo ezibalulekileyo zokwakha uxolo. Isivumelwano sikwamisela umzekelo wokubandakanyeka kwabameli bangaphandle, njengaseUnited States, ekucombululeni imfazwe yangaphakathi. I-US yadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yoxolo, kwaye ukubophelela kwayo okuqhubekayo kusetyenziswa kwe-Envoy ye-Northern Ireland kuqwalaselwe i-Ireland kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ekuqukumbeleni, iGood Wear Agreement yayingeyoyonto yokuqhubana ngoxolo. Yayiluxwebhu oluthatyathwe embonweni olwadala ulwalamano phakathi kwe-Ireland ne-United Kingdom, luguqula abamelwane bomda ukuba babe ngamaqabane. Lwanika indlela yama-Union kunye no-Nationalianism ukuba babelane ngegunya kwaye bahlonele i-. kwaye lwadala isiseko soxolo oluhlala ixesha elide, nangona iingxabano zexesha elithile, luye lwaxhathisa ikota yenkulungwane. Isivumelwano asibonwa nje kuphela kwiindlela ezintsha, izikolo, nezibhedlele ezakhiwe ngaphaya kwe-Northern Ireland, kodwa kwimeko zamihla ngemihla zabantwana ezazikhe zibe zindawo zokudlala. Njengoko ihlabathi liqhubeka lizama ukulwa necandelo, i-Advemblity i-Admentsmentine enamandla, iyakwazi ukulwana iingxwayizo ezinokuphumelela xa kuthenwa.

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