Iinkqubo zocelomngeni lolutsha lwesizwe: Indlela engqinelanayo yolutsha olukwi-Risk

Ukususela ngo-1993, i-National Guard’s Youth Chalse Program (YCP) iye yanika ulutsha oluseMerika oluye lwayeka isikolo okanye olusemngciphekweni wokuphelelwa yimfundo. Olu cwangciso ludityaniswa nemeko-bume yezomkhosi kunye nemfundo yemfundo, ubuchule bobomi, ubuchule bomzimba, kunye nenkonzo yoluntu. Oku kubangela ukuba iYCP yahlule i-YCP ime ngendlela yayo ephindwe kabini: ikhaya eli-2 iiveki ezingama-12 elilandelwa ziinyanga zomqeqeqeshiso. Eli nqaku linika ukujonga ngokusemthethweni kwimbali yenkqubo, iprojek, iziphumo, iziphumo, kunye neziphumo ezibanzi kwintlalo-ntle, nabantu, kunye nesizwe.

Imvelaphi Nendaleko Yenkqubo Yolutsha Yokuvavanya

IYCP yasekwa phantsi koMthetho weSizwe woKhuselo loMkhosi woKhuselo ka-1993, iqhutywa lulwazi olukhulayo lokuba amaMelika amaninzi aselula akhutshwe esikolweni kwaye kumngcipheko omkhulu wobuhlwempu obude bexesha elide, ukungasebenzi, nokuvalelwa entolongweni. Ugada wesizwe wathathwa njengowona mbutho ufanelekileyo ukukhokela umgudu ngenxa yokudityaniswa kwengqeqesho yasemkhosini, iingcambu zoluntu, kunye nesakhiwo sentlangano yorhulumente. Ucwangciso lwaqala njengomqhubi kwimimandla embalwa kwaye lwandiswa ngokukhawuleza ngenkxaso yeBpartiskorian kunye nemali ekwimeko ephakamileyo karhulumente. Namhlanje, iYCPP isebenza kumazwe angaphezu kwama-30, iPuerto Rico, kunye neSithilikethili, kunye nezigqibi zeLumbini ezingaphezulu kwe175,000 ezaphumelela umhla.

Inkqubo iguquke ngokuphawulekayo ukususela kwimihla yayo yokuqala. Ulwandiso lokuqala lwagxininisa kakhulu kwinqanaba lomkhosi loqeqesho, kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha ugxininiso lwandisiwe ukuquka ulungiselelo olunamandla lwemfundo, inkxaso yempilo yengqondo, kunye noncedo oluqhubekayo. Olona lubalulekileyo yayilulwandiso lwenyanga ezili-12 emva kokuqalisa uqeqesho, olwaguqula inkqubo isuka kungenelelo olufutshane lwexesha lokuxhasa. Olu cwangciso lweziphethu luqinisekisa ukuba abathathi-pha bafumana ubuchule ngexesha elinzima lokuhlala ngexesha abafumana ukhokelo oluqhubekayo njengoko bebuyela kuluntu lwabo ukuze balandele isikolo esiphezulu, uqeqesho lwemisebenzi, okanye umsebenzi.

Uvavanyo lwangaphandle luye lwaqinisekisa ukusebenza kwenkqubo. 2018 RAND Ufundo loMbutho lufumanise ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba kwi-YCP babenamathuba aphawulekayo okufumana i-accessing, ukufumana umsebenzi, kwaye baphephe ukubanjwa xa kuthelekiswa nolutsha olufanayo olungathathi nxaxheba. Oku kufunyaniswe kuye kwanceda ukukhuselwa ngokuqhubekayo kwemali ye-orhulumente kunye nophuhliso olukhuthaza uphuhliso olunjengobungozi kunye nokusebenza kwamanani okuzinziweyo.

Ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo: Indlela IYCP Esebenza Ngayo

IYCP yakhiwe kuhlobo olucwangcisiweyo olubonisa impembelelo phakathi kwamacandelo amabini ahlukeneyo kodwa adityanisiweyo. Isigaba sokuhlala sinika imobume engoyikiyo, emo ecwangcisiweyo esusa abathathi-nxaxheba kwiimpembelelo ezingalunganga kwaye ibanika isiseko esizinzileyo sokukhula kobuqu. Isigaba sasemva sinika inkxaso eqhubekayo efunekayo ukumisa ezo ngeniso kunye nocelomngeni lwehlabathi lokwenene.

Imikhosi ePhambili Ebalaseleyo: 22 Iiveki Zophuhliso

Ngexesha lokuhlala, abathathi-nxaxheba bahlala kwizindlu zezindlu zeziqendu kwisakhiwo somkhosi wesizwe, ngokufuthi ebesikwisiko lomkhosi okanye iziko loqeqesho. Balandela ucwangciso olungqongqo lwamihla le oluquka iiklasi zemfundo, uqeqesho lomzimba, inkonzo yoluntu, kunye nophuhliso lokhokelo. Okusingqongileyo kulungelelaniswe kakhulu kodwa kuyilelwe ukuba kuxhaswe kunokuba kukhutshwe isohlwayo. Ootitshala abagunyazisiweyo banikela uqeqesho lweqela elincinane, kwaye abathathi-nxaxheba basebenzela ukufumana i-quivalpedip ephezulu (INGCED okanye i-heaSET) okanye ukuqokelela iityala zediplo.

  • [[NTL:0] Imfundo ekhoyo: Iiklasi zidityanisiwe ukuphendula izithuba zobuchule zomthathi-nxaxheba ngamnye. Iinxuwa ezininzi ngoku zinika ukufunda ngekhompyutha, iiklasi ze-STEM, kunye nokhetho lokufumana ityala oluvumela abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba baphinde bangene kwizikolo eziphezulu ukuba kufanelekile.
  • Uqeqesho lobomi: Izifundo zemihla ngemihla ziquka ukufunda nokubhala ngemali, unxibelelwano, izisombululo zengxabano, ulawulo lwexesha, kunye nocwangciso lwenjongo. Abathathi-nxaxheba bafunda ubuchule obusebenzisekayo obufana nendlela yodliwano-ndlebe, uqingqo-mali, kwaye balondoloze ulwalamano oluhle.
  • [[NTL:0] Uqeqesho lomzimba oluthe rhoqo — kuquka ukuqhuba, ukuqhuba, imidlalo yeqela, kunye nemfundo yempilo — kwakha impilo yomzimba, ukumelana nengqondo, kunye nokusebenzisana. Abathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi babonisa uphuculo olunokufikeleleka kumgangatho wokuzilolonga ekupheleni kwenkqubo.
  • Inkonzo ye-community: ngamnye othathi-nxaxheba ugqiba inani elincinane leeyure zenkonzo kwimisebenzi enjengepaki ecocekileyo, uncedo lokutya kwibhanki, okanye inkxaso yamava. Oku kunika ingqiqo yoxanduva loburhulumente kwaye kunceda abathathi-nxaxheba baqonde ixabiso labo kwibutho labantu.
  • Uphuhliso lwe-Leadership: Ngendlela yohlobo lomkhosi, abathathi-nxaxheba bafunda uqeqesho, intlonelo, ukuphendula, nokunyamezela. Bathatha iindima ezifana nenkokeli yeqela okanye umphathi-mikhosi wecandelo, ukwakha intembelo nobuchule bokhokelo obuguqulela kwizicwangciso zesikolo nezemisebenzi.

Inkxaso yeNkxaso yeNkxaso yeNkcubeko yeNkcubeko yeNtshona Koloni

Isigaba soncedo loqeqesho lolona lwahlula iYCP kwiinkqubo ezininzi zongenelelo lolutsha. Umfundi ngamnye ufana nomfundisi-lwazi oqeqeshiweyo — ngokufuthi olilungu loMgaqo-mkhosi, umfundisi- ntsapho, okanye uluntu lokuzithandela — onika ukhokelo, ukhuthazo, nophendulela ityala unyaka omnye. Abaququzeleli badibana nabathathi-nxaxheba veki nganye, enoba ngumntu okanye phantse ukuba bancedwe, ukubeka usukelo, ukuqhuba isikolo okanye ukuqesha, ukucombulula iingxaki zobuqu, nokuhlala kwikhondo.

Oku kunyanyekelwa emva kokunyamekela umntu kungunobangela obalulekileyo. Ngaphandle koko, abaninzi abathathi-nxaxheba bebeya kulwa nokubuyela kuluntu lwabo, apho iingcinezelo zoontanga neengxaki zemekobume zikhawuleza zivele khona. Isigaba sokucebisa sinciphisa ubungozi bokubuyela kwikhondo lasemva kwaye sinceda abo bathabatha inxaxheba ukuba bafumane umgudu wokuzimela geqe ohlala uhleli.

Iziphumo Ezilinganayo Neziphumo Ezibonakalisweyo

Ngokwenkcazelo evela kwi-National Guardian Bureau, inkqubo iphumeza umlinganiselo wokuphumelela omalunga nama-85 ukuya kuma-90 ekhulwini ukusuka kwisigaba sokuhlala. Phakathi kwabaphumeleleyo abangena kwisigaba sasemva kwe-intshi, malunga nama-80 ekhulwini bafumana ingeniso yesikolo esiphezulu, bafumana umsebenzi, bangenele umkhosi, okanye baqhubekele imfundo ephezulu kunyaka omnye. Le miphumo iphawuleka kakhulu ukuba inkoliso yabathathi-nxaxheba ingenele inkqubo ngeengxaki zemfundo, imicimbi yezifundo, imicimbi yokusebenza, kwaye isoloko ingena kwinkqubo yobulungisa bolutsha.

Ukufumana Imfundo

Usukelo olusisiseko lwe-YCP kukwandisa amaqondo okugqiba kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo phakathi kolutsha. Uphando lubonisa ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba balindeleke ngokuphindwe kathathu [ ukufumana isikolo semfundo ephakamileyo ngokulinganayo xa kuthelekiswa neqela labalawuli. Abaphumeleleyo abaninzi baqhubeka ukuya kwikholeji yoluntu okanye kwizikolo zomsebenzi wempangelo, befumana iziqinisekiso emasimini ezinjenge-'odming, ukuncedisa, okanye ubugcisa bolwazi. Ucwangciso lukwanceda abathathi-nxaxheba kwizifundo zesikolo sasekuhlaleni ukuphinda bafumane amaqela akwinkqubo yemfundo ephezulu xa kufanelekile.

Ukusebenza nokuzixhasa ngokwezoqoqosho

Ubuchule be YCP bobomi kunye nobuchule bokulungelelanisa umsebenzi balungiselela abasebenzi abathathi-nxaxheba. Ufundo lwama-2022 kuphuhliso lolutsha lufumanise ukuba i-YCP ephumeleleyo ifumene amaqondo aphezulu omsebenzi kunye nomvuzo ophezulu kunabahlobo bayo abangazange babe nenxaxheba. Le nkqubo igxininisa ukufika kwexesha, imigaqo yokuziphatha yomsebenzi, kunye nobuchule bonxibelelwano, obuguqulela ngokuthe ngqo kwimpumelelo yomsebenzi. Abathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi bakhuselekile kwimisebenzi epheleleyo, ekwakheni, okanye ukuvelisa iinyanga zokuphumelela. Inkqubo inika umsebenzi owenziwe umthunzi, ophakathi kweenqanawa kunye noncedo ngokuphindaphindwa kwengxoxo.

Ukuncitshiswa Kwezobulungisa

Mhlawumbi eyona nzuzo ibalulekileyo ye-YCP yimpembelelo yayo ekuncitshisweni kolwaphulo-mthetho nokuvalelwa. Uphando olude lwe-National Guaudio Bureau lwafumanisa ukuba abaphumeleleyo abangaphantsi kwe-10 ekhulwini be-YCP babanjwa [[ kwisithuba seminyaka emibini yokugqitywa kwenkqubo, xa kuthelekiswa nama-30 ekhulwini kuthelekiso lweqela elithelekisayo. Ukusingqongileyo, kudityaniswe nokucebisa nolwakhiwo lobuchule, kususa abathathi-nxaxheba kwihambo yempatho egabadekileyo. Oku kuncitshiswa kokunga kumthetho kugcina ii-irandi zerhafu engaphezulu lee-R3 — unyaka omnye wokunikezelwa kweendleko kunyaka wocwangciso olulinganayo lwemali kumgangatho wonke olinganayo — kunye nokhuseleko lwengingqinenoluntu.

Utshintsho Lomntu Wakhe Neengenelo Ezizixele

Ngaphaya kwezibalo, i-YCP ivelisa utshintsho olunzulu olukwindawo yabathathi-nxaxheba. Basoloko benikela ingxelo yokuba [[FLT: 0] bayazithemba, baphucula uqeqesho, ulwalamano olungcono nentsapho kunye noontanga, kunye nengqiqo yenjongo. Abaninzi bayichaza inkqubo njenge “thuba lesibini” elabanika ithemba kunye nolwalathiso. Ukusingqongileyo komkhosi kunika isiseko esicacileyo sempumelelo abathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi abangazange bafumane, benikela ulwakhiwo kunye nolindelo olubancedayo ukuba bakhulele ngokwabo kunye nokuziphendulela.

Impembelelo Ephangaleleyo Kuluntu Nakuhlanga

Iinzuzo zenkqubo yoLutsha eChase uLwazi zidlulela ngaphaya komntu ngamnye othabatha inxaxheba. Isepha ngasinye se-YCP sisebenza njengempahla yoluntu, sivelisa amawaka eeyure zenkonzo yokuzithandela nyaka ngamnye. Abathathi-nxaxheba babandakanyeka kwimisebenzi ephucula iipaki, izikolo, iindawo zokuhlala ezingenamakhaya, kunye namaziko aphezulu. Le misebenzi ayincedi nje kuphela abantu abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba bakhulise imbopheleleko nekratshi loluntu.

Ukomeleza Amaqhina Oluntu

Iiprojekthi zenkonzo zidibanisa i-YCP nabathathi-nxaxheba kumazwe asekuhlaleni, imibutho engafumani ngeniso, kunye namaqumrhu karhulumente. Amajelo amaninzi asebenza namasebe amapolisa, iicawa, kunye namaziko olutsha ukubonelela ngamathuba oqeqesho kunye nokunikwa imisebenzi. Le ntsebenziswano yakha ukuthembana kunye nekomkhulu loluntu kuluntu olunokuba nomgangatho ophezulu wobuhlwempu okanye ukurhoxiswa. Izikhundla zesizwe zemigangatho karhulumente zilungelelanisa kakuhle ukuzuza ezi nkonzo ngokunempumelelo.

Isiphumo Sexabiso Labahlawuli

Ngeli xesha iYCP ifuna utyalo-mali olumalunga ne-R2,000 ukuya ku-R220 000 kwi-awunsi exhomekeke kurhulumente, inika imali egciniweyo eninzi yexesha elide. Uhlalutyo oluninzi lufumanise ukuba inkqubo yenza ubuyiselo ngaphezu kwe R2,50 kwierandi nganye echithwe , xa kufakelwa ingeniso ecuthiweyo, ingeniso yerhafu eninzi kwingeniso ephezulu, kwaye iimfuno eziphantsi kwiinkqubo zentlalo-ntlalo-ntle. Ezi nzuzo zemali zenza u-YCP ube ngukhetho olunomtsalayo kubenzi benkqubo abafuna ubungqina obububuyisayo.

Ukulungisa Ucelomngeni Nokuqhubeka Nenkqubo Yenkqubo Ye - Evolution

Njengayo nayiphi na inkqubo yesikali esikhulu, iYCP ijongene nocelomngeni oluqhubekayo. Enye inkupho yahluka-hlukene kumazwana ngemali, abasebenzi, kunye nokuzalisekisa uhlobo. Amanye amanxuwa atsala amaziko aphelelwe lixesha, ngoxa amanye enzima ukutsala abafundisi-lwazi nabacebisi abafanelekayo. Indlela yokulungelelanisa imikhosi isenokungafanelani nabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba, ingakumbi abo banengxaki enzima okanye abaneziphene zemfundo. Abahlalutyi baye babiza ukukhathalelwa kobungozi obuninzi kunye nezibonelelo zempilo zengqondo kucwangciso.

Ukuxhasa umgangatho woqeqesho lwasemva koqeqesho lolunye ucelomngeni. Ngelixesha eli-12 lenyanga yoqeqesho lomnye ingumsebenzi ongundoqo, kufuneka inkxaso eqhubekayo kwaye ibotshelelwe ngamatsha - ntliziyo. Kwamanye amazwe, ilungu loncedo lingaphantsi kwemiqathango exhasayo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwizithuba ezixhasayo. Amaqela adla ngokuba neengxaki zokusebenza emva kokuphumelela, njengokunganqabiseki, ukunqongophala kwendlela, okanye ukungabi nabazali badala, oko kukuthi iinkqubo zisebenze namaqabane oluntu ukucombulula le miba, kodwa umgangatho wenkxaso eyahlukeneyo.

Kukwakho ingxubusho eqhubekayo ephathelele indima efanelekileyo yoKhuselo loMkhosi weSizwe ekuphuhlisweni kolutsha. Abanye baphikisa ngelithi iinkqubo zomkhosi zikhohlakele kakhulu kwaye zisenokungathethi ngemibandela yengqondo esisiseko. Noko ke, inkqubo iye yaguquka ukuze iquke abasebenzi bezentlalo, abacebisi, kunye nezifundo ezisekelwe kubungqina ezilungelelanisa ukuqeqeshwa kunye nenkxaso yeemvakalelo. Iwebhsayithi ye-YFLD [[FLT: 0]official YCP] icacisa ukuba inkqubo ayiyonkampu yokuqalisa kodwa inkqubo yokuphuhlisa ijolise kwimfundo, ubuchule bobomi, nokukhula kobuqu.

Iindlela Nezindululo Zexesha Elizayo

INkqubo yoLutsha yoNcedo oluNcediso iyaqhubeka ilungelelanisa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabemi bolutsha abatshintshayo. Iimeko ezininzi ziqhuba imida yokufunda evumela abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba bathathe izifundo ze-intanethi ukuze bafumane ityala okanye balungise iiklasi zekholeji. Ezinye zingenisa umqeqeshi wobuchule kunye nemfundo ye-credingscs transmes [ kumasimida exhaswe kakhulu njenge-HAC, ubugcisa bokwakha, kunye nobuchule be-computersethi. Ezi zihamba kunye neemfuno ezikhulayo zabasebenzi abanobuchule kunye nabasebenzi abancedisayo kwimikhwa-yo.

Enye inkqubela ethembisayo kukwanda [[FLT: 0] ukunyuswa kweenkonzo zempilo yengqondo phakathi kodweliso lwenkqubo. Ugada wesizwe usebenzisana namaqumrhu anjenge Substance Abused Abuse kunye neNkonzo yeNkonzo yeMbewu ukuqeqesha abasebenzi ekunyamekeleni iimodeli zonyango lwengqondo kunye nokudityaniswa konyango lwendlela yobuntu kwizifundo zokufundisa. Iziphumo zangaphambili ezivela kwindawo zomqhubi zibonisa ukuba ukuqhuba ngqo kuphuculo lwengqondo kunye neziphumo ezinde.

Iindlela zogcino-lwazi eziqhutywayo zifumana inkqubela-phambili. I YCP isebenza kwi ukuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi lokuqinisekisa kunye neziphumo zokulandela ngokudibanisa ugcino-lwazi lwabathathi-nxaxheba nemfundo yorhulumente kunye nezogcino-lwazi lwabasebenzi. Oku kuvumela abalawuli ukuba baphucule inkqubela yabaphumeleleyo yokufumana ingoma kwaye baphawule iindawo zokuphucula. .gov inkangeleko ye-UT.[ ibonelela umongo owongezelelweyo kwinkxaso yodweliso lwenkqubo kunye nolungelelwaniso lwayo ngemigudu yokuthintela engaphandle.

Ukubaluleka Okuhlala Kukho Kwinkqubo Yolutsha Yokuvavanya Ulutsha

Ngaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu, iNkqubo yeNational Youth’s Challenge Programs iye yanceda amaMerika aselula asele esengozini yokuqhawuka kwibutho labantu. Ngokudibanisa imfundo yemfundo, ubuchule bobomi, ubuchule bomzimba, kunye nenkonzo yoluntu kwimeko-bume elungelelanisiweyo nexhasayo, olu cwangciso luye lwanceda amakhulu amawaka abafundi afumana iziqinisekiso zemfundo ephakamileyo, afumane umsebenzi, kwaye abe ngabemi abanoxanduva. Olu cwangciso aluguquleli nje kuphela ubomi babantu kodwa lukwaqinisa imimandla, lunciphisa ulwaphulo-mthetho, luze lubuyisele ekuhlawuleni irhafuthelo lwerhafu.

Intsingiselo yeYCP ayixhomekekanga kwiziphumo zayo ezingenakuphenjelelwa kodwa kwintanda-bulumko engundoqo: ukuba wonke umntu oselula, kungakhathaliseki imvelaphi, ufanelwe lithuba lesibini kunye nezixhobo zokwakha ikamva elingcono. Njengoko inkqubo iqhubeka ivula kwaye yandisa, ihlala iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yomnatha wokhuseleko lwasekuhlaleni lwaseMelika — umanyano olusebusweni babantu bonke oluxhasa amandla akhethekileyo oMgada wesizwe ukusingatha omnye wezona ngxaki zinzima zelizwe: ukuxhasa ulutsha nokuthintela imijikelo yobuhlwempu, ukungasebenzi, nokuthuthwa kwemijikelo.

Ukuphinda ufunde, amanqaku eendaba zelizwe asemthethweni agxininisa amabali omntu omntu ophumeleleyo abonisa iziphumo zeli hlabathi lenkqubo. Uvavanyo luhlala lungumthombo onegunya kwimfundo yohlalutyo olungqongqo locwangciso kunye nokubuya kotyalo-mali.