Umhlaba wonyulo lwangoku uvele ngokuphawulekayo, kwaye olunye lwezigqibo eziphawulekayo lunyuko lwabavoti abazimeleyo. Abavoti `abafuni ukudibana neqela elikhulu lezobupolitika'ayiselo candelo kodwa amandla anqumayo ekulungiseni iziphumo zonyulo. E-United States, abazimeleyo bakhule bamele phantse isithathu sesithathu sonyulo, kwaye impembelelo yabo inwenwela kummandla, urhulumente, kunye nentlalo-zwelonke. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa indima ekhoyo ebanzi yevoti yenkululeko kwimibatho yezicwangciso zephulo, iziphumo zabo ezichaza inxaxheba kwabo, kunye neengxaki abajamelana nazo kwinkqubo eyakhelwe kumaqela onqulo.

Ngoobani Abaziboneleli?

Abavoti abazimeleyo baliqela elahlukeneyo. Abalo qela linye; kunoko, basebenzisa ububanzi bendlela yemiqondo ukusuka ekhohlo--ekhohlo ukuya ekunene, kunye nabaninzi abahlala embindini wokwenene. Ngokutsho kwe Pew Research Center[, malunga nama- 38% e-U.S. isalatha njengezimeleyo, nangona iqela labo elibalulekileyo lixhomekeke kwelinye lamaqela aphambili xa kubuzwa umbuzo olandelayo. Le "an" ineeziphumo ezibalulekileyo: ezizimeleyo ezisulungekileyo , abo bangathathi baxhomekeke kwiqela elina, ngokufuthi lincinane, malunga 10-15% yabanyululeki.

Kutheni abantu bekhetha ukuzimela? Iintshukumisa eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukudimazeka kurhoqo-qhiya-mvume, umnqweno wokuvota okusekelwe kwimbambano kunokuba kusekelwe kwiqela, nokukrokreleka ngeelebhile ezilungiselelwe ngamaqumrhu. Abaninzi abacinga ukuba ukudibana kweqela kubanyanzelisa ukuba balalanise kwimibandela abayifunayo. Abanye baluxabisa kakhulu utshintsho ukuze bavote oyena mntu ulungileyo kunyulo ngalunye, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngabaphi. Olu zimeleyo lubalasekwe ngokukodwa phakathi kwabatsha abavoti, abaye bakhula kwixesha lokukhuliswa ngokukhula kwenkcazelo entle nelhadio eendaba.

Ngokwempilo, abavoti abazimeleyo abancinane, abalungeleleneyo, nabaninzi kakhulu. Bakwasengozini enkulu yokuba ngabafundi basekholejini kwaye bahlale kwimimandla yasedolophini, nangona umlinganiselo utshintsha-tshintsha ngokwengingqi. Ukuqonda ezi nkcazelo kubalulekile kubathathi-nxaxheba namaqela azama ukwenza iindlela zokufikelela eziphumelelayo.

Ukwanda Kweziko Elizimeleyo

Inani leenkululeko belinyuka kangangamashumi eminyaka. Ngoo1950, malunga ne-20-25% yabavoti abachazwa njengabazimeleyo. Ngoo2020, elo nani liphantse laphindaphindeka kabini. Imikhosi emininzi iqhuba olu lwando:

  • [[FLT: 0] Iparty Polarenti: Njengokuba amaqela eDemocratic kunye neRiphabliki efuduka ngokuchaseneyo nengqiqo, abavoti abaninzi bafumana behlukanisiwe nezizo zombini. Esi sikhungo sincitshiswe ngokwezigaba zeqela kodwa sikhule ngokwezimo zokonakalisa umvoti.
  • Inkcazo: Imichako, ukuvalwa kwenqanawa, nokungafezeki okucingelwayo kuye kwaphelisa ukuthembana kuwo omabini amaqela. Amajelo ajonga amaqela njengamaziko okuzikhusela ngokwawo kunokuba ajonge izithuthi zokumela.
  • [[FLT: 0] Utshintsho lwesizukulwana sesizukulwana: Iwaka leminyaka nesizukulwana u-Z zisengozini kakhulu yokuchazwa njengeenkululeko kuneentlobo ezindala. Izixhobo zentlalo, ezizichanaba kwimbono ezininzi, zikwanciphisa impembelelo yemibutho yesithethe.
  • Icandelo elingunophawu: Abavoti abaninzi abathandi iqela elichaseneyo kunabo. Abanye, ukwala ukudibanisa iqela konke yindlela yokuphepha ukuphawulwa ngolo phawu.

Ngokwendlela yohlalutyo i-Galup, ipesenti yenkululeko yafikelela kumashumi amahlanu eepesenti erekhodi kwezinye iipesenti ngexesha lomjikelo wonyulo 2016, nangona elo nani lizinza emva kumbindi-30. Intsingiselo icacile: ilebhile ezimeleyo iya ingeyokugqibelela kubavoti abafuna ukubhadula ukusuka kwimekobume yezobupolitika enobungozi eyandayo.

Impembelelo Kwiziphumo Zonyulo

Abavoti abazimelayo badla ngokugqiba kwimiba ekufuphi. Ngenxa yokuba ukunyaniseka kwabo kungalungiswanga, bangajinga ngokuphawulekayo ukusuka kolunye unyulo ukuya kolulandelayo. Unyulo lomongameli, umzekelo, unyulo oluzimeleyo lwaphulw'umthwalo omkhulu kuBarack Obama ngo-2008 (ngo- 52% ukuya ku-49%), lwandula ke lwathunyelwa kumaRepublican abathathi-nxaxheba ngowama-2014, lwaza lwajijwa ukuxhasa uJoe Biden ngowama-2020 (ngo-449% ukuya ku-441 kwimivota yokuphuma). Oku kubenza amaxhoba abalulekileyo aphunyezwe ngo-2010.

I-Sing States ne-Electoral College

Kumazwe ajinga-jinga njenge Florida, Pennsylvania, Michigan, kunye ne-Arizona, ivoti ezimeleyo ingaba ngumda woloyiso. Ngo-2020, uBiden waphumelela ePennsylvania ngevoti ezingaphezulu nje kwe-80 000; uphando lokuphuma lwabonisa ukuxhasa kwakhe nge-55% ukuya kuma- 43%. Ngokufanayo, eGeorgia/a ezweni elingakhange livote umongameli weDemocratic presity ukususela ngonyaka ka-192, abaxhasi abaphule 53% ku-Biden, benceda ukuvumisa urhulumente. Le mizekelo igxininisa ukuba akukho mongameli oyayizuza ngaphandle kokwabelanamvoti ozimeleyo.

Imijaho esezantsi- kweBhalgot

Ii-odentia zinegalelo elilinganayo kwimijaho yeNdlu yeNtlanga neyoMbutho. Kwixesha lama-2022, abavoti abazimeleyo baphuka kancinci ukuya kumaRiphabliki (malunga no-49% ukuya ku-47%), kodwa kwimijaho ephambili njengokhuphiswano lweNtlanganiso yePennsylvania, bahlukene ngokulinganayo, bevumela uDemocrat John Fetterman ukuba aphumelele ngokucuthayo. Ukuvula imijaho ephantsi kwemincintiswano kunye nokhuphiswano lwerhu kusoloko kubona izijikelezo ezinkulu kakhulu ngenxa yokuba iqela lizingcibi ze-mali xa kungekho mcimbini we-mbano.

Ngaphezu koko, abavoti abazimelayo bakulungele kakhulu ukunqumla imigca yeqela kunyulo olunye .Imeko eyaziwa ngokuba kukuqhekeza itikiti. Ngeli xesha ukwahlula-hlula ithikithi kuthe kwancipha, kuhlala kubaluleke phakathi kwabantu abazimeleyo bokwenyaniso. Ngo-2022, amazwe amaninzi anyulwe njengeerhuluneli zedemokhrasi ngexesha lokuvota ii-Republican senator, abonisa izinto ezikhethwayo ngokucacileyo kweli qela.

Utyekelo Kwindlela Yokuzimela

Ukuhlolisisa indlela eziphethe ngayo izinto kubonisa indlela ezihamba ngayo ezingaphaya komlinganiselo oqhelekileyo wesijikelezi- langa.

Izinto Eziza Kuqala Kumbandela

I-endependent zidla ngokubeka iinguqu ezithile ngaphezulu kokunyaniseka kweqela. Kwimijikelo yakutshanje, inkxalabo ephambili iquka uqoqosho, unyango, kunye namalungelo okuqhomfa. Umzekelo, emva kweNkundla ePhakamileyo izibheno [ zesigqibo esizimeleyo] kuma-20222], ezizimeleyo zishiywe zishiywe ngokuqhomfa, kwaye zanceda uDemocrates ukuphuma phambili kwimfuno yembali ephakathi. Ngokungafaniyo, xa ukunyuka nolwaphulo-mthetho lulawula, zithanda ukuhamba kakuhle. Imibhiyo enokubeka izikhundla zawo ngokweehloko-mvo ze-mfonomethi ze-mforerthss , kunokusetyenziswa kwemiqathangonongo ye-menti ye-methoriom, kunye ne-10.[10]

Inkxaso yamaCandimenti eThird

Ngenxa yokuba iziqu zabo azizange zinyanzelwa kwisixokelelwano secandelo lesibini, zivuleke kakhulu kwicandelo lesithathu kunye nababandakanyi abazimeleyo. Ngonyaka ka-2016, malunga nesithandathu% sabazimelanga abavotelwayo ukwenzela umphathi-mzimeli Gary Johnson okanye iGreen Party’s Jill Steinin(enough ukuphembelela iziphumo kumazwe afana nePennsylvania neFlorida. Ngo-202020, ivoti yesithathu yarhoxiwa, kodwa ngo-2024, abavumi abafana noRobert F. Jr. (ngokuzimela ngokwayo) baye bafumana inkxaso ebalulekileyo kwezimeleyo. Le ngxaki ibangela ucelomngeni kumazwe afuna abaqhubi abambalwa abafuna ukunqanda amatshayo, ingakumbi kwimizwa ekufuphi.

Ukwanda Kokwenza Unyulo

Ngeli xesha izikhundla ezizimeleyo zijika kancinci kumlinganiselo ophantsi kakhulu kunabavoti abavoti abavoti abangomongameli, basebenza ngokuqhubekayo kwimintlalo yasekuhlaleni, unyulo lwebhodi yesikolo, kunye neenyathelo lokhetho. Ngenxa yokuba olu khuphiswano lungathanga ncam, izikhundla ezizimeleyo zivakalelwa ukuba zinempembelelo enkulu. Imibutho ephakamisa impikiswano efana nemali yesikolo, inkqubo yezindlu, kunye notshintsho lolwaphulo-mthetho lwezomthetho luye lwavakala ngamandla oluzimeleyo. Ngokutsho kwe- Brenan Center yeJaji yeJaji yeJaji uhlolisiso, ukujika unyuso kunyuso-vo, ingakumbi kumanqaku avumela ukuba ubhaliso lwemihla okanye oluvulekileyokunye.

Indima Yobugcisa Nezobugcisa

Indlela abavoti abazimeleyo abasebenzisa ngayo ulwazi lwezopolitiko itshintshwa kakhulu ziinfom. Imithombo yezobugcisa yezobugcisa, amaphephandaba ``izinto eziqhelekileyo'', idla ngokubonwa ngabantu abazimeleyo njengabakhuphi. Endaweni yoko, bajonga kwingingqi yezentlalo-ntle, kwi-intanethi yabapapashi bendaba, kunye neengxoxo ezizimeleyo.

Amaqampu Emithetho Yokwenza Okuthile

Ii-algorithm kwiqonga njenge YouTube ne Facebook zingadala "iibble" ezinyanzela abasebenzisi ukuba bafumane okuninzi okugqithisileyo. Kubantu abazimeleyo abafuna ukwazi kwaye abavule iimbono ezininzi, oku kungakhokelela ekutyeni okungalungelekiyo kolwazi oluphenjelelwa lula yinkcazelo engachananga. Uphando lubonise ukuba abantu abazimeleyo banokuhlangabezana namafuthe ezobupolitika obuxoki kunabantu abangoontamo-mva, ngokwethuba ngenxa yokuba bengenawo umbutho ozinzileyo wokucoca imithombo engathembeki.

Uphazamiso lwe Grassroot

Kwicala elilungileyo, uthetho lwezikhuseli-ndaba lwezentlalo lwenze ukuba kubekho intshukumo egqithisileyo edlulayo kwimibutho yesithethe. Iintlangano ezifana ziphumele into ethile (ethi ifumane abatsha abatsha abafuna ukubhaptizwa) kunye Akukho ziLebhu ezi[[ (iqela le-centrisot]) zisebenzisa izixhobo zezemivo ukuze zifikelele ezizimeleyo. inkcubeko efana ne-Act Blue and Win Red zitsala nabanikezeli abazimeleyo abanika abantu ngabanye abazamkelayo kunokuba bathathe ikomiti yeqela.

Izibhengezo Ezijoliswe Kuzo

Iphulo lokuzimela ngokwandileyo kwizinto eziqhubekekayo ezincinane nezibhengezo zedata. Iifayile ze Voter, zidityaniswe nogcino-lwazi lwabathengi, zivumela abaphengululi ukuba bachaze amakhaya anokuba anokujinga. Ubuchule obuqhelekileyo kukufumana umyalezo ozimeleyo kwimiba yezoqoqosho ngesandi esinye nangemiba yentlalo kunye nesinye, kuxhomekeke kwilungu lendlu elithenjiswe kwintembeko. Oku kulungelelanisiweyo kwenziwa kube nokwenzeka ngeqonga lenkcazelo yamanani, nangona inyusa imfihlelo yobuqu kunye nenkxaso yokukhanyisa.

Iingxaki Ezijamelene Neenqwelo - moya Ezizimeleyo

Phezu kwako nje ukwanda kwamanani abo, abavoti abazimeleyo bajongene nemiqobo yesakhiwo enokuthi ithintele impembelelo yabo. Okona kubalulekileyo kukwanda kwe- i-primp ezivalelweyo[. Kumazwe ali-13, amalungu abhalisiweyo kuphela angavota kunyulo oluphambili. Oku kuthintela ukuzimele ekukhetheni abanyuli jikelele, okusoloko kulapho izigqibo ezingundoqo zenziwe khona. Ngenxa yokuba imimandla emininzi ayidibeleki kunyulo oluqhelekileyo, unyulo oluphambili ludeo-"funyaniso olungundoqo luvaliwe.

Imigudu Yokuvula Iileta

Intshukumo yotshintsho ifumene unyuko kwiminyaka yakutshanje. I-Alaska yamkela inkqubo ephambili-4 ephambili ngo-2020, apho bonke abatshayeli bebaleka kwibhola enye, kunye nentla yentla kwinkokhelo jikelele ekwindawo yonyulo. Oku kuvumela abazimeleyo nabathathi-nxaxheba abazimeleyo ukuba bakhuphisane kwibala elikumgangatho ophezulu. Izicelo ezifanayo ziqwalaselwa kumazwe afana ne Nevada neColorado. Kodwa, inkcaso evela kwiqela ihlala ikhalipha, njengokuba iiprostagements zisenza buthathaka ekulawuleni kwabo phezu kokhetho lwe-projective.

Ukungawazi Kakuhle Nokunganeliseki

Amaqela azimeleyo asengozini yokususa amaphulo olwazi acetyiswa ukuhlwayela udideko okanye ukucinezela ukurhoxa. Ngenxa yokuba engenalo uphawu olunamandla lombutho, anokuba sengozini enkulu kulwazi oluphosakeleyo malunga nabavoti okanye iinkqubo zokuvota. Ukongeza, imithetho ye-ID engqongqo kunye nexesha lokubhalisa ichaphazela ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto abatsha nabacholayi abahambayo abaninzi, abasenokuba banokukwazi ukuzimela. Amaqela oonolwazi oluphezulu abhale ukuhla okuzimeleyo xa kuthelekiswa nokujika kwe-accomp nomthetho ongqongqo.

Ukwahlulwa ngokweenkqubo

Kwaye iinguqu ezenza ukuba izimelelo zisebenze zizenze zibe nzima zizenze zibe nzima ukulungiselela. Akukho qela linye okanye isakhiwo sokhokelo. Iintsebenziswano ezifana "Iprojekthi Yokuzimela Kwezikhonkwane Zomsinga" kunye "neMelika ephakathi" zisebenza ukwandisa ilizwi elizimeleyo, kodwa azinazo izibonelelo zamaqela amakhulu. Oku kwahlulwa kolwahlulo lungakhokelela kwimvakalelo yokungabi namakhaya kwezobupolitika, nto leyo ethi ngokulandelayo ibangele ukurhoxa nokubhanga.

Ikamva Lemivo Ezimeleyo Kukhetho

Xa ukhangela phambili, indima yabavoti abazimelanga isenokuqhubeka isanda, iqhutywa ziinguqu zamanani abantu neziququ zabantu.

Ngaphaya Kwendlela Embini?

Ngelixesha iqela eliphilayo lesithathu lihlala lingangeni kwixesha elifutshane ngenxa yokufumana unyulo-lonke kunye nemithetho yokufikelela, iqela elizimeleyo ngokwalo linokuba ngumkhosi we de coto wesithathu. Ukuba laneleyo lizimele (umzekelo, ngokuxhasa omnye umvotelwa kwiqela eliphambili elikhuphisanayo), bangaphinda bafumane uthotho. Ukunyuka "lokuvota" kwamanye amazwe kunika indlela yeqela elincinane ukuphembelela iziphumo ezinkulu.

Ulwando Oluphambili

Uqhubeko lwezilawuli ezivulekileyo kunye novoto olubekwa eqongeni lungakhawuleza. Ngo-2023, iNevada yabavoti yavunywa inkqubo ephambili yesihlanu, kunye neenyathelo ezifanayo zokuvota ziyalungiselelwa kumazwe amaninzi. Olu tshintsho lunika amandla ngokuzivumela ukuba zithathe inxaxheba kuzo zonke imigangatho yenkqubo yonyulo. Njengoko amazwe amaninzi emkela iinkqubo ezinjalo, uvoti oluzimeleyo luza kuba neziphumo ezithe chatha.

Ngaba Amandla Azimamisayo?

Ezinye izazinzulu zezobupolitika ziphikisa ngelithi abavoti abazimeleyo bangasebenza njengempembelelo eguqulayo kwixesha lokuthamba. Ngenxa yokuba bavuza ingxaki ekhoyo echaphazela ukunyuswa kwengqiqo, ababhenele kwimida ezimeleyo bathathe iindawo ezingaphezulu. Oku kunamandla kunganyanzela omabini amaqela ukuya kumbindi wokhuphiswano, ukunciphisa imigca enqamlezeneyo. Noko ke, le mpembelelo ibonakala kuphela xa kuvotelwa ngokwamanani amakhulu.

Utshintsho Lwesizukulwana

Njengoko sele bebadala, abavoti abavoti abaninzi bathathelwa indawo ngabatsha abazimeleyo, uvoti wonke uwonke uzakuba yindawo encinci kwisixokelelwano seqela elinamaqela amabini. Gen Z sisizukulwana esizimeleyo esibhalwe rekhodi, esingaphezulu kwama-40% sincipha ukufanisa neqela. Isimilo sabo sokuvota sisaqala, kodwa ubungqina bangaphambili bubonisa ukuba baza kuba ngabaxhamli abaphezulu, abathandabuzayo amaqela, kwaye bakulungele ukuxhasa abaqhubi abangaphandle kweyona mpembelelo iphambili. Oku kubonisa kakuhle kwimpembelelo ende yexesha lokuvota.

Isiphelo

Abavoti abazisebenzelayo baye basuka kwinqanaba lobuzwe lobunani besuka kwinkangeleko yolwazi olusisigxina nenamandla kwilizwe labanyuli. Ukukhula kwabo kubonisa ukunganeliseki okunzulu yinkqubo yecandelo elibini, ukanti impembelelo yabo ilawulwa yimithetho eyenzelwe abaquququzeleli. Ukuqonda ukuba bangoobani, indlela abaziphatha ngayo, kwaye into ebashukumisayo ibalulekile nabani na obandakanyekileyo kwezobupolitika zangoku. / "Izikompathili zephu, abaphathi bephulo, intatheli, intatheli, kunye nabemi abatshathenjiweyo. Njengokuba unyulo lwama 2024 lusondela kunye nemijikelezo ezayo ezayo, i-Rhulumente ayizukushwa kuphela kodwa iya kuqhuba incoko ephathelele indlela ucalu-demo-demokhrasi olumele lulungelene ngayo. Ucelomngeni lwenkqubo yezopolitiki lufanele lulungele ukuqhelanisa oku, okanye lushiye umgangatho esibalulekileyo sokuvalwa kwemi sika-ontantam