Impumelelo yokubalwa kwabantu besizwe ixhomekeke kakhulu ekuthabatheni inxaxheba kwabo bonke abantu. Iinkokeli zoluntu zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni abemi ukuba bathathe inxaxheba nokuqinisekisa ukuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi oluchanileyo. Impembelelo yazo ingavala amasu okungathembani kunye nenkcazelo egqwethekileyo ethintela imigudu yokubala abantu. Ngaphandle kwala mazwi athembekileyo, kwanawona maphulo karhulumente aphambili azabalazele ukufikelela kubemi abathandabuzayo okanye abakwanti. Njengoko isiseko somelo lwedemokhrasi kunye nolwabeko, ukubalwano kufuneka kusebenze, iingcungcungela ezihlala kulo, ezinokuguqulela ukubaluleka kwazo ngokwemiba eyahlukeneyo.

Ukubaluleka Kwamankokeli Asekuhlaleni Ukuba Nenxaxheba Ekubalekeni

Iinkokeli zoluntu zisebenza njengamanani athenjiweyo kwimimandla yazo. Ziye zamisela ulwalamano kunye nokuthembeka okunokubashukumisela abemi ukuba benze inkqubo yokubala abantu. Ukuncomela kwabo kungawandisa kakhulu amaqondo okusabela, ingakumbi kwiindawo apho kuthe kukho ukungathembani okanye ukungaqiniseki ngeenzame zikarhulumente. Ngokungafaniyo namasebe karhulumente akude, ezi nkokeli zithetha ulwimi olunye, ngokoqobo kwaye ngokufuziselayo. Bayazi indlela abahlala kuyo, izinto ezibandakanyekileyo, kunye nemibutho yonxibelelwano. Umfundisi, inqununu yesikolo, umongameli wengingqi, okanye umnini-mashishini wasekuhlaleni udla ngokufumana iingxoxo ezingaphezulu kwezibhengezo zikawonke-wonke-wonke.

Ubalo asilolungiselelo lomlinganiselo omnye. Uluntu ngalunye luzisa imbali yalo yokunxibelelana norhulumente, uloyiko lwalo malunga nokuzimela kogcino-lwazi, kunye nemeko-bume yalo yolwazi. Iinkokeli zoluntu zingasebenzisa ezi nkcukacha kuba zihlala phakathi kwazo. Ukuziphendulela kwazo kubamelwane bazo kuthetha ukuba ilizwi lazo lithwele ubunzima. Xa inkokeli yoluntu iphakama ithi, “Ndizalise ukubala, kwaye ingenele idolophu yethu,” okokuba ubungqina buyeyisele ngakumbi kunayo nayiphi na intetho evakalayo.

Ukwakha Ukuthemba Nokoyisa Izithintelo

Uninzi lwabantu lujamelene nemiqobo enjengokungavumelani ngeelwimi, ukungathembani ngokwembali, okanye ukunqongophala kwenkcazelo. Le miqobo ayikhange ivele ngobusuku obubodwa, kwaye ayinakupheliswa ngobusuku obubodwa. Iinkokeli zoluntu zinokuyilungisa le ngxaki:

  • Ichaza ulwazi olufanelekileyo ngokwesithethe. Imiyalezo ejolise ekubalweni kwabantu isoloko ingavakali kuba ingazihoyi iimeko zenkcubeko. Iinkokeli zingalutshintsha ulwimi, imizobo, kunye nokuthumela imiyalezo ukubonisa amaxabiso nezithethe zasekuhlaleni, zenza ukuba ukuba ukubalwa kwabantu kuvakalelwe njengoxanduva oludityanisiweyo kunokuba kube ngaphandle.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Amacebo okuguqulela kwiilwimi ezininzi. Naxa kukho uguqulelo olusemthethweni, lusenokuba lusesikweni okanye aluchananga. Iinkokeli zasekuhlaleni zingenza ukuba iinguqulelo ezisebenzisa izixube eziqhelekileyo nezididayo, ziqinisekisa ukuba abathethi abangeyosiNgesi bayiqonde ngokupheleleyo imibuzo kunye nokhuseleko lwemfihlelo endaweni.
  • Iintlanganiso zolwazi kunye neziganeko zokufikelela. Iiholo zedolo, iimbutho zecawa, kunye namaqela avingco aba zindawo ezikhuselekileyo zokubuza imibuzo. Iinkokeli zingamema abameli ukuba bathethe, okanye zikwazi ngokobuqu ukuhamba abantu ngenyathelo ngalinye kwi-intanethi. Ezi ziganeko zikwanika amathuba okuphendula amarherhe nenkcazelo echanekileyo ngexesha lokwenene.
  • Ingqinelana nomntu ngamnye ngokubaluleka kokuthabatha inxaxheba kubalo-manani. Ibali elivela kummelwane othembekileyo elithetha ngendlela ukubalwa kwabantu okukhokelela ngayo kwimali entsha yekliniki yempilo yasekuhlaleni okanye uphuculo lwesikolo lunganqanda ngayo amanani angaqhelekanga. Ingxelo zobuqu ziyenza ibe ngumntu kwaye zibonise iziphumo ezicacileyo.

Ngapha koko, iinkokeli zoluntu ziyakwazi ukusingatha imiqobo enzulu yokwakha. Umzekelo, kuluntu olunembali yemithetho yokungavunyelwano kwemibutho yezindlu okanye yokugcinwa kwabantu abafudukayo, abemi basenokuboyika ukuba ugcino-lwazi ngokubalwa kwabantu lungasetyenziswa ukugxotha okanye ukuhlasela iintsapho zabo. Iinkokeli zingachaza [ ulungiselelo oluzinzileyo lweSihlo se-U.S. Ikhowudi, ethintela i-Cencaendicare engabelani iimpendulo zomntu ngamnye kunye nawo nawuphi na omnye umbutho karhulumente. Zingabelanabo ukuba ubalo lwangaphambili aluzange lusetyenziswe ekunyanzelweni kwabantu abafuduki, ukunceda ukuzola amaxhala aphulwziswe kwingozi yokwenene.

Iindlela Zokwenza Ubungqina

Iinkokeli zingasebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukukhuthaza inxaxheba. Ezi ndlela kufuneka zilungelelaniswe kwaye zisekelwe kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo zengingqi ezisebenza kuyo:

  • Ukudibanisa imibutho yasekuhlaleni kunye namaqela okholo. ulwandiso lwamaqumrhu. Iqela lezikolo, iicawa, iibhanki zokutya, kunye namaziko ezempilo anokuguqula zonke iindawo zokuphatha zibe lixesha lokubala abantu. Umzekelo, ikliniki ingaquka inkcazelo yokubala kunye neentlobo zokutya komguli, okanye i-panstruction yokutya ingabonisa ababhabhi ngeelwimi ezininzi. La magumbi sele ethembekile, kwaye ukuvuma kwawo ukubalwa kwabantu njengendawo ephambili yoluntu.
  • Ukusebenzisa ii-intanethi zonxibelelwano loluntu kunye nee-intanethi zoluntu ukusasaza ulwazi. Izakhelo ezifana ne-Facebook, i-Whats App, kunye negumbi elilandelayo zidla ngokuba nempembelelo kakhulu kunamaphulo karhulumente asemthethweni, ingakumbi phakathi kwabemi abaselula nabahambayo. Iinkokeli zingabelana ngevidiyo ezimfutshane, ii-menugraphics, kunye namakhonkco kwi-intanethi. Bangadala amaqela onikezelo okanye amajelo apho abemi banokubuza imibuzo ngokungazichazanga kwaye bafumane iimpendulo ezifike ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
  • [[NTL: 0] Imigudu yokukhupha ucango ukuya ngaphandle. Kummandla onentsebenziswano esezantsi ye-intanethi okanye ukungathembani, ukudibana kobuso nobuso kuhlala kuseyeyona ndlela isebenzayo. Inkokeli zoluntu zingalungiselela amaqela akhangela iseyile aquka ubuso obuqhelekileyo ``oommelwane, abazali abasebenza kunye, okanye abadlali basekuhlaleni] ukunkqonkqonkqoza ezindlwini, imibuzo, kwaye zide zinikezele namacwecwe okugqiba ifomu eliphandle.
  • Iintshukumisa okanye ukunconywa kwenxaxheba. Imivuzo emincinci ebonakalayo, enjengezipho kumaziko oshishino obulali okanye ukungena kwirafle ekufuphi, isenokunyusa uvumo loluntu. Ulwazi lukawonke-wonke, “njengomqondiso opheleleyo wento okanye uphawu kwinqaku loluntu, lubangela ingcinezelo eyakhayo yoluntu kwaye lubhiyozele inxaxheba.
  • [[NTL: 0] Intelekelelo yamajelo eendaba asekuhlaleni. Amaphephandaba oluntu, izitishi zikanomathotholo, kunye nemijelo kamabonwakude isoloko ithenjwa kakhulu ngabaphulaphuli bayo. Inkokeli zingabhala ii-op-eads, zivele kwimiboniso yonxulumano, okanye zicele ukuba izibhengezo zesikhululo sobalo lwabemi basekuhlaleni zenkonzo kawonke-wonke eziveliswe ngabahlali basekuhlaleni kunokuba zibe nezibhengezo zesizwe.

Impembelelo yabalawuli boluntu kwiziphumo zobalo

Xa iinkokeli zoluntu zikhuthaza ukubalwa kwabantu, iziphumo zisoloko zichanekile yaye zibanzi. Olu lwazi luchaza iinkqubo zikarhulumente, izabelo zemali, kunye neenkonzo zoluntu. Umzekelo, ukubalwa kwabantu kufumana ngqo indlela ii-$1.5 ezigidi zezigidi zemali karhulumente [ zisasazwa nyaka ngamnye kwiingingqi kunye nakumaziko anjenge-MEdicaid, SNAP, ukwakhiwa kohola-ndlela, izidlo zesikolo, intloko, kunye namaziko entlalo-ntle. Umntu ongaxelwanga uthetha ukulahlekelwa kwamawaka eedola emali emali emali emali emali emali emali ehlawulwa ngonyaka kuluntu kwishumi leminyaka elizayo.

I-data echanileyo imisela umelo lwezopolitiko. Inani lezihlalo elibanjwe lirhulumente ngamnye kwiNdlu yabameli nemida yephondo lase-United States lisekelwe kubalo lwabantu. Xa uluntu lungaxelelwanga, luphulukana namandla ezobupolitika, kwaye kumgangatho wezindlu zowiso-mthetho. Iinkokeli zoluntu eziqhuba igalelo zikhusela ilizwi loluntu ngokwenkqutho karhulumente kwizigqibo zikarhulumente malunga nerhafu, intyelelo, imfundo, kunye nomgaqo wemekobume.

Imizekelo Yabakhokeli Abaphumeleleyo

Ubalo lwama-2020 lwabona imizekelo emininzi yeenkokeli zoluntu ezenza umahluko ongenakulungiseka. KwiMississippi Delta, umnqongo wabefundisi base-Merika kunye neenkokeli zoluntu lwaseAfrika wasungula “ulwandiso lobunikazi”. Badibanisa imiyalezo yokubalwa kwabantu kwintshumayelo yeCawa, yafumana iziganeko zokugqitywa kwezithuthi ezicawa, kwaye baqeqeshelwe ukunceda abantu abakhulileyo ngefomu ye-intanethi. Ngenxa yoko, lo mmandla wabona ulwando [[FLT:] 5% kumlinganiselo wokuzifumana ngokwawo ngokwawo iinkonzo zoluntu, nangona kukho imingeni eninzi ye-Internet]

ETexas, iinkokeli zemibutho yoluntu ehamba-hambayo yamaHispanic zasebenzisana nezitishi zikanomathotholo zasekuhlaleni ukuze zifumane uhlaziyo lobalo lwabantu ngeelwimi ezimbini. Zavelisa umjelo “we-promotas de salud” (abasebenzi bezempilo abasebenzisa umanyano) abathetha ngqo kwiintsapho ngokukhusela imfihlo. Eli cebo lanceda ukunyuka kwentsabelo kwi-Roo Grande colley ekhoyo ngokwembali

Kwizizwe, apho ukukholosa ngamaqumrhu karhulumente, iinkokeli zamaMelika Omthonyama zinokuthoba khona, zaseka iikomiti zazo zobalo-manani. Badibana nabameli bobuButho ukuze bathethe ngezivumelwano zolawulo logcino-lwazi eziqinisekisa ukuba ulawulo lwesizwe luhlonelwe. Ngemisitho yoluntu, amabhiliyoni, kunye neziganeko ezisekelwe kwizikolo, ezi nkokeli zafikelela phantse kwiimeko eziliqela eziye zangachazwangangoko kumashumi eminyaka angaphambili.

Ukunika Iinkokeli Zoluntu Umvuzo Owona Mba

Iinkokeli zoluntu azinakuwufeza lo msebenzi zisodwa, zifuna ubuncwane, uqeqesho, kunye nembuyekezo yokulinganisa imigudu yazo. Iinkokeli ezininzi ezingcayo zisebenza ngokuzithandela ngexesha elilinganiselweyo nangoqingqo-mali. Iirhulumente kunye nemibutho engafumani ngeniso zinokubanika amandla nge:

  • Iprojekthi yogcino-lwazi apho iziqobo okanye imimandla inamanani asezantsi okusabela. I-Bureau yeCensure ikhupha i-Aggregate, amanani enqabileyo enqabileyo ngexesha lokubala, ivumela iinkokeli ukuba zijolise ekufikeleleni kwazo ngaphandle ngokuchanekileyo.
  • Ukunikela izibonelelo ezincinane okanye ezijingayo. Amakhulu ambalwa eerandi angahlawulela indleko yababhabheli, ukuqesha indawo, okanye ukuqesha umguquleli. ICensus Bureaual’s [ udweliso lwenkqubo lunika imodeli enye yemigudu yemali yengingqi.
  • [[NTL:0] Ukusebenzisa izinto ezilula, ezinokusetyenziswa. Ezi kufuneka ziquke ii-ofisi zonxibelelwano ezibhalwe kwangaphambili, iingongoma zokuthetha, iincwadana ezinemifanekiso ezishicilelweyo, kunye nemiyalelo yeziganeko ezikhoyo. Izixhobo zinciphisa umthwalo kwiinkokeli ezixakekileyo kwaye ziqinisekisa ukuthunyelwa kwemiyalezo ngokungaguquguqukiyo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Inkxaso yobugcisa ekugqityweni kwi-intanethi. Iinkokeli ezininzi zoluntu azinamava neefomu zamanani okanye ukhuseleko logcino-lwazi. Ziqeqesha ngendlela yokunceda abanye ngezibuko lokubala, kwaye nendlela yokukhusela ukhuseleko lwemfihlo.
  • Inkokeli ezidibaniselanayo neenethwekhi zoontanga. ngokubanzi okanye ii-athom zesizwe zivumela iinkokeli zoluntu ukuba zitshintshisane ngeengcamango, zifunde kwimpumelelo, ziphephe iimpazamo eziphinda-phindwayo. Ezi nkqubo zikwanika inkxaso nengqwalasela yokuziphatha.

Ukunika Idilesi Nzima Kumanani

Amanye amaqela asoloko enzima ukubala: abaphambukeli abangenamakhaya, abangenangxelo, abasebenzi bamaxesha ahlukeneyo, abantu abahlala emaphandleni, nabo bangamaNgesi alinganiselweyo. Iinkokeli zoluntu zinelungelo elikhethekileyo lokufikelela aba bantu kuba sele zinikela iinkonzo okanye zinolwalamano olunemveliso.

  • Kwabangenamakhaya: Iinkokeli ezisuka kwikhusi nakumaqela okungafunda zingaquka ukugqitywa kobalo lwabantu njengenxalenye yokufumana okanye yokungena. Indlela yeCubation Bureau ye-“intelligence contration" ixhomekeke kunxulumano kunye nezikhuseli zokubala abantu abanokuthi ngenye indlela bangaphoswa.
  • Abaphambukeli abangaxelwanga: Iinkokeli ezivela kwimibutho efudukayo erhwebelanayo zingaba neentlanganiso zolwazi oluyimfihlo ezichaza imithetho engqongqo yabucala. Banokugxininisa ukuba ubalo lwamanani alunakusetyenziswa ekunyanzeleni ukunyanzeliswa kwabantu abafudukayo nokuba i-Burea alunakubelana ngeengxelo zobuqu ne-ICE okanye DHS.
  • Kumsebenzi wamaxesha athile: Uluntu lwezolimo lungalungelelanisa nenkampu zomsebenzi wasefama nabaqeshi ukuseka izikhululo zobalo-manani ngexesha lokubhaliswa okanye ixesha lomvuzo. Iinkokeli ziyakwazi ukusebenza namaqela eenqwelo-moya ukufikelela abasebenzi abakude.
  • Kubantwana abangaphantsi kwesihlanu: Eli qela lelona libalwayo ekubaleni abantu. Inkokeli zeenkqubo zobuntwana, iikliniki zabantwana, kunye namaziko okunyamekela iintsana asekelwe kukholo zinokubakhumbuza abazali ukuba baquke bonke abantwana, kwaneentsana, kubalo lwendlu.

Ukoyisa Ucelomngeni Olukhethekileyo

Ukungaqiniseki Okungokwembali

Kumazwe amaninzi ase-Afrika, eMerika, eMbindini naseMbindini waseMerika, nakumazwe aphambukeleyo, ukubalwa kwabantu kujongwa ngokuchaphazelekayo ngokwembali, njengokusetyenziswa kogcino-lwazi lokubala lwamaJaphani ukuze kubonwe amaMerika akwindawo yokufumana uncedo ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi II, okanye iTuskege Syphilis Study yokungathemba. Iinkokeli zoluntu kufuneka zivume le mbali ngokunyanisekileyo kunokuba zingayikhathaleli. Ngokwenjenjalo, zibonakalisa intlonelo kwaye ziyakwazi ukubeka ukubala abantu njengesixhobo esisetyenziswa ngoku ukuze kuqinisekiswe amandla, hayi ingozi. Zingabala into yokuba i-Cencawation Bureaunity Bureaurage ifumene inkxaso eqinileyo kwaye ugcino-mthetho lwangoku luye lwaxhasa ukugcinwa komthetho, uphando lwempilo, nemfundo ebanzi.

Inkxalabo yokhuseleko logcino-lwazi nokuzixhalabisa

Kwanaphakathi kwabo bathemba urhulumente, uloyiko lokwaphuka kogcino-lwazi luyanda. Iinkokeli zoluntu zingakuthetha oku ngokuchaza ukhuseleko lobugcisa olukhoyo: iimpendulo zobalo lwabantu zifihliwe, zigcinwe kwiinkqubo zengingqi ze-intanethi, kwaye azize zabelane naliphi na elinye isebe. I-Census Bureaunication ifunwa ngumthetho ukuba iqeshe kuphela abaqeshwa abagqitha imvelaphi yorhulumente nokuqinisekisa nayiphi na into engagunyaziswanga ngeminyaka emihlanu entolongweni. Iinkokeli zingakwalathisa kwii-piccio zangaphandle zemibutho efana ne- i-American Stanistical Association eqinisekisa izikhuseli ze-mfihlo ze-mfo zaburhulumente.

Ukwahlula-hlula kwamanani

Kuluntu apho i-intanethi enepesenti ephezulu okanye ikhompyutha iyinto etofotofo, i-intanethi iphendula abantu ingakhupha amacandelo amakhulu abantu. Iinkokeli zoluntu zingaseka “ii-censkis” kumathala eencwadi, amaziko amakhulu, nakwiiholo zasekuhlaleni. Zingasasaza ii-payinti zamaphephandaba kunye nokuncedisana nokuwathumela. Ukunikezela [[FLT: 0]] ngokwenene ngexesha elinye lenkxaso-nye yabemi [] [$2]]] kumntu okanye ngokusebenzisa umnxeba ophezulu.[_dratheze unyuse izinga ezipheleleyo kwikhaya ezisusiweyo.

Ixabiso Lexesha Elide Lobalo

Impembelelo yokubalwa okupheleleyo idlulela kude kakhulu kumjikelo wobalo lwabantu. Iinkqubo zogcino-lwazi oluchanekileyo zikhuthaza izigqibo zoshishino: izitore ezintsha zevenkile, izibhedlele, kunye nemisebenzi yezindlu apho ugcino-lwazi olubonisa ulwando lwabemi. Izikolo ziceba amagumbi amatsha okufundela amaqela amatsha kunye neendlela zikadula-dula ezisekelwe kwiziphumo zabemi. Iinkonzo zexesha likaxakeka zichaza indawo ekumiwa kuyo iinqwelo-nqwelo-ntamza nelori zokucima umlilo zisebenzisa ugcino-lwazi oluthintelayo. Iinkokeli zoluntu ezixhasa ukubalwa abantu zityale inani labantu zityale kwimpumelelo nempumelelo yexesha elizayo yommandla wazo.

Ngaphezu koko, ukuba nenxaxheba ekubaleni abantu kungenza abantu baphinde badibane. Xa abemi bemi bemi bacinga ukuba imicimbi yabo ibalulekile, iinkokeli zasekuhlaleni namagosa karhulumente asabela kwimali esetyenziswa ngabantu, adla ngokuvota, asebenze kunye kwezinye iingxaki zasekuhlaleni. Ukubalwa kwabantu kunegalelo elikhulu.

Ukulinganisa Impumelelo Yabaphathi Boluntu

Emva kobalo-manani ngalunye, kubalulekile ukuvavanya impumelelo yemigudu yenkokeli yoluntu. Imilinganiselo engundoqo iquka isantya sobuqu sokuthelekiswa neminyaka edlulileyo, unciphiso lokuhla kweminye imiba yabemi abathile, kunye nempendulo exhotyisiweyo evela kubemi. I-Census Bureaunication ipapasha iimpendulo ezineenkcukacha kwiphecana lobalo nakumgangatho webloko zithintela, ivumela iinkokeli ukuba zibone kakuhle apho ukuphumelela kwazo kwenza umahluko. Olu gcino-lwazi lungalungisa iindlela zomjikelezo wobalo olulandelayo nokwazisa ii-dvocracties eziqhubekayo kwiinkqubo zobucukulwalu.

Isiphelo

Indima yeenkokeli zoluntu ekuqiniseni ukubalwa kwabantu ayinakuchazwa ngokugqithisileyo. Ziyibhulorho ebalulekileyo phakathi kwemigudu karhulumente nezinto ezikhoyo zabamelwane bazo. Ngokwaphula imiqobo yolwimi, uloyiko, kunye nenkcazelo ephosakeleyo, ziqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu uyabalwa. Isiphumo sikokuba ngumzekelo, inkxaso elinganayo, kwaye ingakumbi, ingingqi eqinileyo. Ukunika aba balawuli amandla ngezinto, uqeqesho, kunye nenkxaso yequmrhu ngomnye wezona zixhobo zisebenzayo kunokwenza ubuchule nokufaneleka kobalo. Xa iinkokeli zoluntu zikhokele indlela, ubalo lubalwa abantu bonke ngenene, ngabantu bonke.

Ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluninzi, funda i iCensus Isikhokelo sokuColongelela iKomiti , uhlolo uhlalutyo lwenkxaso-mali yeziphumo zamanani [, kwaye uphinde uhlole uphando lwamanani angaphantsi .