Izikolo zisebenza ngaphezu kwamaziko emfundo, kwaye zisoloko zingowona mgangatho uguquguqukayo kubomi bomntwana, olandela ekhaya. Kwizigidi zabafundi, isikolo apho kusungulwa ubuchule bokunceda abantu, imilinganiselo yeemvakalelo zisekwa khona, kwaye iingxaki zengqondo ziqala ukuvela. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukwanda kwexhala, udandatheko, ukungalungelelani, kunye neemeko ezinxulumene nodandatheko phakathi kwabantwana abakwisikolo, zinyuke ngokuphawulekayo. Iziko zezokulawula izifo kunye ne-Develotetion zinikela ingxelo yokuba omnye kubantwana abahlanu eUnited States ufumana isigulo sengqondo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo , ukanti uninzi lwabo alufumani nyango. Oku kumgangatho wezifundo zokungenelela, inkxaso, nokusabela kobugxakeka.

Indima Ekhulayo Yezikolo Kwimpilo Yolutsha Yengqondo

Ngokwembali, izikolo zijolise kuphuhliso lobuchopho kunye nempumelelo yemfundo. Kodwa uphando lubonisa ukuba impembelelo yeemvakalelo ezintle ngokungqalileyo ekufundeni iziphumo. Abafundi abazama ukuphosa iziphumo zempilo yengqondo enganyangwa badla ngokuphoswa ludidi, bashiyeke emva kwemfundo, baze bayeke ngokupheleleyo. Bakwajongene neengozi eziphezulu zokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, ukuzibulala, nokuzibulala. Ukuqaphela le midlalo, abafundisi kunye nabenzi bemithetho baye baqalisa ukutshintsha imekobume yesikolo ukuze baphinde basebenzise ipropati-paie-atting @noknoxandux sy sycht sy.

Indima yemfundo yengqondo yesikolo sangoku ingachazwa ukutyhubela amathambeka amane: ulwandiso, uhlomelo, [[FLT:]], [[[FLT]]] oludelulekileyo [[[[FLT:], kunye [[FLT] kunye [[FLT]]] ne-sprevention[. abafundisi kunye nabasebenzi basoloko bekuqala ukuphawula iinguqulelo kwihambo, isimo, okanye unxulumano loluntu. Ngokuqeqeshwa okufanelekileyo, banokusebenza njengoomatshini bokulungisa. Ngaphezu koko, izikolo zimele zinikeze okanye zilungelelalise, ukucebisa, ukusukela kunye nokuquququlungela iinkonzo kunye neenkonzo ze-ebhunga ze-edial sycrence.

Iingxaki Zengqondo Eziqhelekileyo Kubafundi

Iingxaki zempilo yengqondo ezikolweni zintlukwano. Ingxaki yenkxalabo iquka inkxalabo yentlalo, ixhala eliqhelekileyo, kunye nokuhlaselwa luloyiko, ziphakathi kwezona zixhaphakileyo, ezichaphazela malunga nesi-7.1% sabantwana abaneminyaka engama-3-17 ubudala. Udandatheko lulandela, malunga ne-3.2% yabantwana abadandathekileyo ngaphambi kokuba babe neminyaka eli-13. Ngaphezu koko, ingqalelo-difiki/hypersicrosed disorder (AD), ukudizam-okisa okudimayela noxinezeleko olunxulumene noxinezeleko olunxulumene noxinezeleko (kuquka noxinzelo olubangelwa kukuxhatshazwa okanye ugonyamelo), kwaye zonke iingxaki zokutya zibonakala kubemi bezikolo.

Isifo se-COVID-19 sinyusa ezi mpawu. Ukuvalwa kwesikolo, uknawu, uxinezeleko lwantlalo, uxinezeleko lwentsapho, kunye nosizi ngenxa yabathandekayo lushiye iziphumo ezihlala zihleli. Uhlolisiso lwama-2022 olwe-National Alliance on Mental Disease (NAMI) lufumanise ukuba ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sabantu abaselula abaneminyaka eli-13-24 ubudala banikela ingxelo yokuba impilo yengqondo eya isibangenzulu ngexesha lobhubhani. Njengoko izikolo zibuyela kwimiyalelo ye-person, abaninzi babona ii-arectalsss zonxunguphalo, udandatheko, kunye nengcinga yokuzibulala.

Inkxaso yempilo yengqondo esekelwe kubungqina

Inkxaso esebenzayo ayixhomekeki kwinkqubo enye okanye kwinkqubo. Endaweni yoko, izikolo kufuneka zinikezele iindlela ezininzi ukwenza ubuchule obubanzi, obuneemeko ezimandundu, kunye nenkqubo elungele ukusabela ngokwenkcubeko. Ngapha koko zingundoqo zokufikelela ezixhaswa luphando kunye nokuzalisekisa okusebenzisekayo.

Ukwakha Imeko Ekhuselekileyo Nexhasayo Kwisikolo

Imozulu yesikolo ``imo-bume''''. Imilinganiselo, imilinganiselo, kunye nolwalamano olusemgangathweni] luchaphazela umfundi ngokwendalo. Xa abafundi beziva bekhuselekile emzimbeni nasemzimbeni, badla ngokufuna uncedo. Izikolo zingakukhuthaza oku nge:

  • Ukuzalisekisa imigaqo-nkqubo echasene nokunyanzelisa nokungaguquguquki komthetho
  • Ukwenza “ikona ezibanzi” namagumbi okusebenza kwezimvo apho abafundi bengazitshintshanga.
  • Ukhuthaza ulwalamano olululo nomfundisi-------- oluphakathi kwiinkqubo zohlolo okanye uvavanyo.
  • Ukukhuthaza izenzo ezibandakanya ubuzwe, ubuhlanga, imbonakalo yesini neempawu zesini.

Esinye isiseko esisekelwe kubungqina yi- Positive Behavior Intervenotings kunye nenkxaso (PBIS) inkqubo esetyenziswa kwizikolo ezingama-25 000 zase-U.S. i-PBIS icwangcisa izindululo ezicacileyo, ifundisa ubuchule bobuntlalo-ntle, kwaye isebenzisa ugcino-lwazi ukungenelela kwasekuqaleni. Izikolo ezisebenzisa iPBIS kunye nengxelo yokunyaniseka zixela iziganeko ezincinci zeziganeko zokhuseleko kunye neembono eziphuculiweyo zabafundi.

Ukuphucula Imfundo Yezempilo Yengqondo Kwinkqubo Yokufundisa

Sigma singumqobo ongundoqo ekuncedeni abantu bafune. Ngokulungisa incoko engokwasengqondweni, izikolo zinganciphisa ihlazo zize ziphucule ulwazi. Ukufunda ngengqondo kufuneka kufakwe kwiiklasi zempilo, kodwa kukwalungelelaniswe kwimibandela: iingxubusho zoncwadi zingahlola iimvakalelo, iiklasi zenzululwazi zingagquma inzululwazi yemichiza yobuchopho, kwaye izifundo zembali zingahlola intshukumo yobuchule bokufunda.

Iinxalenye eziphambili zemfundo yempilo yengqondo ziquka:

  • Ukufundisa abafundi ukuba bazibonele ngokwabo imiqondiso yezilumkiso kunye noontanga.
  • Ukunika inkcazelo elungele ubudala ngeemeko eziqhelekileyo (ixhala, udandatheko, iADHD).
  • Ukuqhelisela ubuchule bokuhlangabezana nobuphiliphini obufana nokuphefumla ngokunzulu nokusebenzisa ingqondo.
  • Ukusebenzisa uhlolisiso oluyimfihlo ukuze ubone iimfuno zempilo yengqondo yabafundi uze uhlengahlengise uqeqesho.

I- Melikan Psychological Association icebisa ukuba izikolo zisebenzise ubuchule obusekelwe kubungqina obusekelwe kwintlalo kunye neemvakalelo (inkqubo) ezifana neSecond Step, PATHS, okanye RAPR. Ezi nkqubo zifundisa ulawulo lwemvakalelo, uvelwano, kunye nobuchule bonxulumano (zonke ezi zinto zizinto ezikhusela kwiingxaki zempilo yengqondo.)

Isikolo Sokuqeqesha Sifanele Siphawule Size Sisabele

Abafundisi basebenzisana nabafundi mihla le, bebenza bafumaneke kakhulu. Kodwa, ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa, basenokuzichaza iimpawu ezibuvila, ukungathobeli, okanye ukungabi nazintshukumisa.

  • Ukuphawula iimpawu zokuxhalaba, udandatheko, ukuphazamiseka, nokucinga ngokuzibulala.
  • Ukuqonda indlela impilo engokwengqondo echaphazela ngayo ukufunda nendlela yokuziphatha.
  • Ukusebenzisa ubuchule bokuhlisa kunye nokunyusela okufanelekileyo.
  • Ukuzinyamekela ukuze uthintele ilahleko yesibini nokudinwa engqondweni nasemzimbeni.

Iinkqubo ezifana ne Ubuntwana bempilo yengqondo Uncedo lokuqala (YMHFA) zithandwa kakhulu. Abafundisi-mfundo beYMHFA ukuchonga iimpawu zokuqala ezilumkisayo nokudibanisa abafundi ngoncedo lobuchule. Uphando lubonisa ukuba abasebenzi abalugqibayo olu qeqesho baziva benentembelo engakumbi kwaye banokuqalisa incoko ephathelele impilo yengqondo.

Ukongezelela, izikolo kufuneka zibonise unxibelelwano oluqeqeshwe ngengqondo ("idla ngokunikwa umcebisi wesikolo, isazi ngengqondo, okanye umncedi-ntlalo-ntle), njengomntu ophambili kwiimeko ezinzima. Lo mntu unxulumana nootitshala, iintsapho kunye nabanikezeli bangaphandle.

Ukufumana inkxaso-mali yempilo yengqondo esekelwe kwiSikolo

Ukufumaneka kweentsapho ezininzi kuyinto eqhubekayo. Iintsapho ezininzi zijongene nexesha elide kubanikezeli boluntu, iindleko eziphezulu, ukunqongophala kwe-inshorensi, okanye imiqobo yezothutho. Amaziko empilo asekelwe kwizikolo (SBHC) kunye nomsantsa wezikolo wokunika amacebiso. Ngokutsho kweAmerican School Counchule Association, umlinganiselo onconyelweyo ngu-25 kubafundi abangama-50 kubacebisi, kodwa umlinganiselo wesizwe umalunga no- 415 ukuya ku-1. Ukunqongophala kwemali kudla ngokulinganisela ubunzulu benkonzo.

Ubuchule bokuphucula ukufikelela:

  • I-CPF i-ICC ibonise ukuba abasebenzi bezentlalo-ntle kunye neingcali zengqondo (kungeyoengcebiso nje).
  • Ukusebenzisana namaqumrhu empilo yengqondo yoluntu ukulungiselela unyango olungelulo
  • Ukusebenzisa imigangatho ekhuselekileyo yokucebisa nge-tekthari.
  • Ukunyanga intlungu, intlungu okanye ubuchule bokunceda abanye.
  • Ukumisela iinkqubo zokuxhasa oontanga apho abafundi abakhulileyo bacebisa abaselula.

I-Telehealth ingqineke isebenza ngokukhethekileyo kwiindawo zasemaphandleni nakubafundi abaziva behlazekile xa betyelela ikliniki ekwi-person. Amanye amaphondo achaza izikolo zokubuyisela intlawulo kwiinkonzo zempilo yengqondo ze-Telehealth phantsi kwe-Medicaid.

Ukungenelela Ingxaki Nokuzikhusela

Isikolo ngasinye kufuneka sibe necebo lokuphendula ngomngcipheko wokuzibulala, ukuzibeka engozini, kunye nogonyamelo. Isicwangciso kufuneka siquke iprotocol ecacileyo yokungenelela ngokukhawuleza: ukuvavanya umngcipheko, ukuqhagamshelana nabazali, ukunxibelelana neenkonzo zongxamiseko, nokunika inkxaso yokungena kwakhona emva kokungena esibhedlele. Abasebenzi kufuneka baqeqeshelwe ukujonga ukhuseleko nokusetyenziswa kweengxaki zasekuhlaleni.

Uvavanyo lwehlabathi lonke lomngcipheko wokuzibulala lunconyelwa ngokukhulayo. Izixhobo ezifana nomlinganiselo othelekelelwayo we-Columbia-Sucide Severity (C-SSRS) zingasetyenziswa ngabasebenzi besikolo abaqeqeshiweyo. iSuicide Prevention Resocial Center[[[FLT: 1]] inika imigaqo yokusebenzisa ukhuselo olunjalo loxa ugcina imfihlo kwaye ulandele phezulu.

Into egxekayo kodwa esoloko ingahoywanga yinkxaso yokungena kwakhona. Emva kokulaliswa esibhedlele, abafundi bafuna ukususwa kobubele ukusuka kwiqela lezakhono ukuya kwiqela lesikolo, kunye nezicwangciso zokuhlala (umz., ixesha elandisiweyo, ukuhla komsebenzi, ii-check-in). Ngaphandle koku, ukwanda kwamanani okuphinda unyuke.

Umanyano neentsapho namaqabane oluntu

Inkxaso yempilo yengqondo esekelwe esikolweni ayinakusebenza kwiselo. Impilo engokwasengqondweni yabafundi ibunjwa yimeko-bume yasekhaya, ukhuseleko lwasekuhlaleni, nokufikelela kwinkxaso yezonyango. Inkxaso esebenzayo ifuna intsebenziswano enamandla kuzo zonke iinkqubo.

Ubandakanyeko Lwentsapho

Iintsapho zidla ngokuba yeyona nto ithe tye kumfundi, kodwa zisenokuziva zididekile okanye zingaqinisekanga ngendlela yokunceda. Izikolo zifanele zifune uncedo kubazali nakubagcini-ndlu kunye nabo:

  • Imfundo emalunga neemeko zengqondo neenkonzo zasekuhlaleni.
  • Iintlanganiso zonyango lwentsapho ezinikelwa kwisikolo okanye ngesixhobo se-telehealth.
  • Abazali bayawaxhasa amaqela ukuze banciphise ukungabikho komntu.
  • Unxibelelwano olucacileyo olumalunga nongenelelo olusekelwe esikolweni (nokhuseleko lwabafundi oluyimfihlo).

Ulwalamano lwentsapho .-idla ngokuba ngumsebenzi wentlalo-ntle okanye umzali-inkokeli yentlangano yokufundisa.)

Uninzi lwabathathi-nxaxheba

Izikolo zingasandisa ukufikelela kwazo ngokusebenzisana namaziko ezempilo yengqondo yoluntu, izibhedlele, imibutho yolutsha, namaqela asekelwe kukholo. Izivumelwano zobuxhakaxhaka bobuxhaka bobuxhakaxhaka kunye nemisebenzi esetyenziswayo yokuqonda iqinisekisa ukutshintsha okuchuliweyo. Ezinye isithili zidala “izikhundla zezibonelelo zesikolo” ezihlala kwisikolo esinika ulawulo lwezezenkcubeko, iinkqubo zeesehlo, nakwiinkonzo zezamayeza.

I-Substance Abuse and Mental Services Administration (SAMHSA) ikhuthaza inkqubo yezemfundo yengqondo yeqela lesizwe ye- yemodeli yemfundo-ne-community-ne-partical-ne-parents-panel". apho iqela ngalinye linobudlelana khona ngembopheleleko. Umzekelo, umfundi obonisa iimpawu zokuqala zengqondo yomntu ocebisa isikolo, ubhekisa kwinkqubo yongenelelo lwasekuhlaleni lokuqala lwengqondo (STP), kwaye uxhaswa ekhaya yingqondo yentsapho.

Umgaqo-nkqubo wasekuhlaleni nowaseburhulumenteni owehlayo

Utshintsho lwenkqubo lufuna ukuba abalawuli bezikolo basebenze neebhodi zesikolo zasekuhlaleni kunye namasebe karhulumente emfundo

  • Ukuxhasa inkxaso-mali yezifundo zempilo yengqondo ezisesikolweni.
  • Umntu wafundisa ngempilo yengqondo kwizifundo zesikolo.
  • Yamkela imigaqo-nkqubo yesehlo esele iphakanyisiwe (umz., linganisela ukuphengulula okungeyomfuneko, unciphise iintambo).
  • Ukuxilonga izinto ezibuhlungu ezenzeka ebuntwaneni (ACEs).

Imizekelo ephumelelayo iquka imfuneko yeLizwe laseNew York yokuba zonke izikolo zikawonke wonke zifundise ngempilo yengqondo, kunye neQueens Behavior Health Initive yaseKhalifoniya, engenisa iimali kwiinkonzo zempilo yengqondo ezisekelwe esikolweni nokuphuhlisa umsebenzi.

Ucelomngeni Oluqhubekayo Namathuba Okuzihlaziya

Nangona kuqatshelwa kakhulu, kusekho imiqobo ebalulekileyo. Eminye imiqobo edla ngokucatshulwa iquka:

  • Ukunqongophala kwemali: iinkonzo zempilo yengqondo yesikolo zisoloko ziphantsi, zixhomekeke kwiintlawulo zemali yexeshana okanye kwisithili soqingqo-mali. Iimodeli zemali ezizinzileyo, ezifana nonyuso lwemali yeMedicaid okanye imali yokwamkelwa ngurhulumente, ziyafuneka.
  • [[FLT: 0] Iqela leengcali eziqeqeshiweyo: isazi ngengqondo yesikolo kunye noophayiphu bomcebisi bombhobho wombhobho wonyango oluncinci. Iinkqubo zokuxolela nokukhula kwenyathelo lakho lobuqu zinokunyusa umsebenzi.
  • I-Stigma phakathi kwabafundi nabazali:[ iinkolelo zenkcubeko kwimpilo yengqondo, imicimbi yangasese, nokoyika ukulayishwa kolwazi lungathintela ukukhangela uncedo. Izikolo kufuneka zibandakanye iinkokeli zoluntu ezithembekileyo kwaye zisebenzise ulwimi olude.
  • I- I-Troff phakathi kwabafundisi-lwazi: Abafundisi sele bejamelene noxinzelelo olukhulu. Ukongeza iimbopheleleko zempilo yengqondo ngaphandle kwenkxaso kukhokelela ekujikeni. Abasebenzi abaneleyo, ukuthwaliswa kwemeko, kunye noncedo lwabasebenzi babalulekile.
  • [[NTL:0] Izithuba ezithe tye: Abafundi bombala, LGBTQ+ abafundi, kunye nabo bakwizithili ezifumanayo eziphantsi basoloko bengena thuba lininzi lokufikelela kwinkxaso esezantsi yempilo yengqondo. I-politiki kufuneka ithethe ngokucacileyo ngokwahluka ngokweenkqubo zokusabela ngokwenkcubeko kunye nemali ejoliswe kwinkxalabo.

Noko ke, ucelomngeni ngalunye lunika ithuba lokwenza izinto ezintsha. Ngokomzekelo, isifo sobhubhani sanyusa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zempilo yengqondo zamanani .Apps zokulandelela imikhwa, amaqela okuxhasa kwi-intanethi, kunye nonyango lwenyani. Izikolo zingasebenzisana neenkampani zobugcisa ukunikezela kubafundi ngokukhuselekileyo, abalondolozi. Ngaphezu koko, intshukumo ebhekisa kwizikolo ezisunguliweyo [ traumauma isohlwayo sokuya kwisohlwayo sokubuyisela umva. Ngoku imimandla emininzi isebenzisa abaquququzeleli bobulungisa abathetha phantsi kwengozi kunokuba bathethe ngokuziphatha okubonakalayo.

Iimodeli ezizizo ezinyukileyo

Amazwe nesithili eziliqela ziye zavelisa iinkqubo ezibalaseleyo ezifanelekileyo:

  • Inkqubo yemfundo yempilo yengqondo yesikolo (CSMHS) eOhio: Yimodeli enika ukuthintelwa kwendalo yonke (TIR 1), inkxaso ejoliswe kubafundi abakwi-risk (i-Tier 2), kunye nenkathalo enzulu (i-Tier 3). Le siseko sihambelana nemodeli yempilo kawonke-wonke kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba akukho mfundi uwe kwimingxuma.
  • Uncedo lokuqala lwezengqondo ze-Aid (TMHFA) kwizikolo ezininzi eziphakamileyo: Abafundi baphawula iingxaki koontanga baze bazinxulumanise nabantu abadala abathembekileyo. Uvavanyo lwangaphambili lubonisa iinjongo zoncedo oluphezulu.
  • Iinkqubo ezisekelwe kwi-yoga kunye ne- zidityaniswe kwimfundo yomzimba. Izikolo zaseKhalifoniya, eColorado, naseMaryland zinike ingxelo yokuncitshiswa kwemingxuma kunye nemozulu yeklasi emva kokuzalisekisa iinkqubo ezinjalo.
  • Imisebenzi yoqhubeko-magama ejikelezayo equka ikomkhulu elimisa kunye kunye leentsapho(ukuxhasa ukutya), iikhomishini zokuhlala, uncedo olusemthethweni, kunye nokunyanyekelwa kwengqondo, zonke zilawulwa esikolweni. Imodeli yeZikolo zoLuntu, ezisetyenziswa kwisiXeko saseNew York neBaltimore, ngumzekelo oyintloko.

Khangela Kwixesha Elingaphambili: Kufunwa Isibopho Senkqubo

Ukuxhasa abafundi abaneengxaki zempilo yengqondo asiyonto ithatha inyathelo elifutshane, kodwa kukutshintsha indlela abantu abayijonga ngayo indima yemfundo. Izikolo azinakuyicombulula le ngxaki zizodwa, kodwa ziyi-ankile. Ngokuzinzisa impilo yengqondo kumaleko wonke wemisebenzi yesikolo, izifundo, ubuchule bokufundisa, abasebenzi, ukuganana kwentsapho, kunye namaqabane oluntu, zinokukha iinkqubo ezibamba abantu abaselula ngaphambi kokuba bawe.

Ubungqina bucacile: xa izikolo zibeka phambili impilo yengqondo, ukuphucula, ukuphumelela kunyuka, ukurhoxa komnxeba, kwaye abafundi baziva bengenayo inzala. Yaye utyalo-mali luhlawula ekuhambeni kwexesha. I-Rpopur Corporation[ iqikelela ukuba yonke imali echithwe kwimiqathango yengqondo esekelwe kwisikolo ifumana imali e-R3, eseleyo ephuma ekuhlalisweni kwezibhedlele, ekubandakanyeni kwemithetho esesikweni yabantwana, kunye nokulahleka kwemveliso.

Lixesha lokuba abenzi bemithetho, iinkokeli zesithili, abafundisi-mfundo, iintsapho, nabafundi basebenzisane nongxamiseko. Wonke umfundi ufanele afumane isikolo esimjonga ngokupheleleyo / kungekuphela nje njengomfundi, kodwa njengomntu onezimfuno ezingokweemvakalelo, amandla, kunye nobuchule bokuzimela. Ngokusebenza ngoku, singenza isizukulwana esikwaziyo ukufuna uncedo, ukufumana inkxaso, nokuphumelela.