Ukuqonda Inyathelo Elizinzileyo Kwimfundo

Isenzo sokuqinisekisa simela iqela lemigaqo-nkqubo nezenzo ezisebenzayo ezilungiselelwe ukwandisa ukumeleka kwamaqela eembali aphantsi kwemigaqo-nkqubo kwimfundo nakumaziko emisebenzi. Le nkqubo ijolise ekuthetheni ngeenkulungwane zokwahlulwa nokucalucalulwa, ingakumbi ngokuchasene neqaqobana lobuhlanga nelobuhlanga, nokukhuthaza ibutho labantu ezahlukahlukeneyo nelilinganayo.

Ingcamango yokuvuma idla ngokuqondwa njengendlela yokuzichaza nje "ngendlela yokuphatha" yamaqela athile. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kuyindlela yobuchule ukuvavanya abahlolo oluqwalasela uludwe lweenkalo, kuquka uhlanga, imvelaphi yentlalo, imvelaphi yezoqoqosho, namava obomi, kunye neempumelelo zemfundo. Injongo asikokwandisa imigangatho esezantsi kodwa kukwandisa imilinganiselo esetyenziselwa ukuqwalasela ukufaneleka nokukwazi.

Imvelaphi Yembali Yesenzo Esiqinisekileyo

Intshukumo yokwamkelwa kwezobuzwe eUnited States ilandela imvelaphi yayo kwixesha lamalungelo abantu loo 1960. UMongameli John F. Kennedy wasebenzisa okokuqala igama elithi "isenzo sokuqinisekisa" kuMthetho olawulayo 10925 ngo1965, eyagunyazisa ukuba izalathisi "zivume inyathelo lokuqinisekisa ukuba ababhali baqeshiwe ngaphandle kohlanga lwabo, isivumo sokholo, umbala, okanye imvelaphi yesizwe.. Kamva uPresidenti Lyndon B. Johnson wandisa ingcamango ngoMthetho olawulayo 11246 ngo196, ifuna ukuba izakhiwo zesizwe ziphumeze izicelo zokwenza izicelo zokwenza i-osomi.

Le nkqubo yayikukusabela ngqo kwiinkulungwane zocalulo olusemthethweni ```Jim Crow'', ukwahlulwa kwemithetho yemfundo, kunye nemiqobo yemisebenzi'eyiyilwayo ngokomthetho-okanye eyayingawavumeli ama-Afrika kunye namanye amaqela amancinane amathuba. UMthetho wesibonelelo samaLungelo wangowe-1964 walwalela ucalucalulo kodwa awuzange uzenzekele ukuphelisa iingozi eziqokeleliweyo. Isenzo sokuzikhusela sabonwa njengesixhobo sokususa ngokuqhubekayo le miqobo, hayi ukuchaza nje ukuba ucalulo alungo lwasemthethweni.

Izinto Ezingundoqo Nezinyanzelo

Iinjongo eziphambili zokuvuma ukuphumelela kwimfundo ziquka ezi:

  • Ukuqinisekisa ucalulo oludlulileyo: ukuvuma ukuba okungekho sikweni okungokwembali kubangele ukungalungisi okuzingisileyo ekufikeleleni nasekuphumezeni.
  • Ukuqonda ukuba iimeko ezahlukeneyo ezifundayo ziyingenelo kubo bonke abafundi ngokuzichanaba kwiimbono namava aninzi.
  • Ukunciphisa amathuba amasuntswana: ukulinganisa indawo yokudlala kubafundi abavela kwimvelaphi engaphantsi kwegama abaye bajongana nezithintelo ezikhoyo kwinkqubo.
  • Ukuhamba ngesantya esiphezulu: Ukunceda ukuphelisa umjikelo wobuhlwempu nokucalulwa ngokuvula iindlela ezikhokelela kwimfundo ephezulu nempumelelo yezobugcisa.
  • Abafundi abalungiselela ibutho labantu elahlukeneyo: baxhobisa abantu abaselula ngeminciphiso enqamlezayo efunekayo ukuze baphumelele kwihlabathi elidityanisiweyo emhlabeni wonke.

Isenzo sokuqinisekisa kwiiKholeji

Amaziko amaninzi akhethayo aye aqalisa uhlolisiso olungokweengcamango zobuhlanga nohlanga olugqalwa njengothunywashe omnye phakathi kweepaseji ezininzi, njengezifundo, izincoko, imisebenzi yesikolo yasemva konyaka neengxaki zobuqu.

Ingcaciso, echazwe yiNkundla ePhakamileyo yase-U.S. ingcebiso encinci ebangela ukusetyenziswa kwemigaqo ye-uhlanga. Inkundla yaqonda ukuba iiyantlukwano zemizimba yabafundi zibumba ingumsebenzi woburhulumente [inokuthethelela ngokushwankathelana kwemiqathango yohlanga. Inkundla yamkela ukuba ingcuthekisa imfundo ngokukhuthaza ukuqondwa kobucala, ukwaphula ubalo, nokulungiselela abafundi ukukhokela kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kunye nebutho labantu.

Indlela Abavumi Bohlanga Abasebenza Ngayo

Ukuvuma uhlanga akuquki iingongoma ezizinzileyo okanye ezimiselwe kwangaphambili zohlanga. Endaweni yoko, amaziko ajonga imvelaphi yomntu ofaka isicelo njengenxalenye yomzobo obanzi. Umzekelo, igosa elinolwazi lokuvuma lingayivavanya indlela eliye labumba ngayo amava obomi noncedo lwalo kuluntu lwalo. Oku kuvumela ikomiti yamavokomsi ukuba ibhalise udidi ngemvelaphi eyahlukeneyo ngeli xesha isaqhubeka isenza imfundo entle.

Iziko lenkqubo ezisebenzisa ukuvuma ugqatso lohlanga oluqhelekileyo oluqhuba uhlolo lwe-"holic," ukuvavanya ngamnye oza kubhaptizwa ngokomntu ngamnye kunokuba athathe uluhlu lokuhlola. Le nkqubo idla ngokuquka ukuqwalasela ubume bentlalo-ntle yentlalo, ubume beminyaka yokuqala yezokholeji, iiyantlukwano, iinkalo zelizwe, kunye nezilangazelelo ezikhethekileyo. Uhlanga lunguthunywashe omnye phakathi kwabaninzi, osetyenziswa kuphela xa lunika umongo onentsingiselo kwibali lomfaki-sicelo.

Imithetho Yesakhelo Netyala Lendawo

Umthetho-siseko wokuvuma uluntu uluphakamile ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Izigqibo ezingundoqo zeNkundla Ephakamileyo ziye zaguqula umgaqo-siseko:

  • Iinguqu zeYunivesithi yeKhalifoniya v. Bakke [788] Inkundla yagqiba kwelokuba imilinganiselo yezizwe ayimiselwanga ngokwee-odoli kodwa ukuba uhlanga lungathathwa njengefektha yokwamkelwa ukufumana iinguqu. Uluvo lweJaji Lewis Powell' lwaseka intlukwano yombuso enyanzelisayo.
  • I-Bollinger v. Bolling (2003): INkundla yaxhasa inkqubo yokuvuma ugqatso lohlanga lweSikolo soMthetho engaziyo, iqinisekisa ukuba ukwahlukahlukana kwimfundo ephezulu ngumdla onyanzelisayo nokuba inkqubo yayilungiselelwe ngokushwankathelwe.
  • Fusher v. IYunivesithi yaseTexas (2013 kunye no2016): EFisher I, iNkundla yafuna uphando olungqongqo lwemigaqo-mthetho yohlanga engaqondakaliyo. KwiFisher II, iNkundla yaxhasa iYunivesithi yaseTexas kwisicwangciso sokuvuma, ibhekisa kumgwebo wemfundo yeyunivesithi malunga neenzuzo zokwahluka-hluka.
  • Izigqibo zeFair Adgistrals v. Harvard kunye neYunivesithi yaseNorth Carolina (2023): Kumthetho wesiphawuli, iNkundla yabhukuqa amashumi eminyaka emodeli, iphethe loo nkqubo yokuvuma okungabonakaliyo kohlanga ichasene noKhuselo olulinganayo luka Claus lweMgalelo weshumi elinesine. IJaji eyintloko uJohn Roberts wabhala ukuba "ukususa ucalulo lohlanga kuthetha ukuphelisa lonke," ukuphumelela ekungeneni kwezifundo ezininzi.

Isigqibo sama-2023 siyiguqule ngokunzulu indalo. Iziko ngoku kufuneka zifune iindlela ezinokusetyenziswa ngaphaya kohlanga-mpuma ukuze kufunyanwe iinguqu, ezifana nokuqwalasela ubume bentlalo, ubuzwe, okanye ukuphelisa izinto ezikhethwayo.

Uqeqesho kunye neenkqubo zoncedo lwemali

Isenzo sokuqinisekisa sikwafikelele kwiinkqubo zemfundo kunye nenkxaso yemali. Amaziko amaninzi ngokwembali aye anikela ngemfundo ejolise kubafundi abancinane abangaphantsi kwentsebenziswano ukunceda ukuphelisa imiqobo yemali. Emva kwesigqibo seNkundla Ephakamileyo yowama-2023, ezinye iiyunivesithi ziye zalungisa ezi nkqubo ukuba zibe zezohlanga-ngathathi cala-kanjani. Umzekelo, ukuxhasa ukuma kwesizukulwana sokuqala okanye ingeniso yekhaya kunokuba zifumane uhlanga.

Iinkqubo ezifana ne Ichaza udweliso lwabaphengululi beMinyaka Eliwaka Inkqubo (ngoku identifica) kunye Posse Foundation[ ibonise ukuba inkxaso ejoliswe kuyo ingenza unyuselo olucacileyo kunye nomlinganiselo wokuphumelela kwabafundi abasuka kuluntu olungaphantsi kolwazi. Ezi zinyathelo zidibanisela inkxaso yemali kunye nophuhliso lokhokelo, kunye namava eqela.

Ukugxekwa Nobuqhetseba

Inyathelo eliqinileyo lijongene nokugxekwa okuqhubekayo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo. Abachasi baphakamisa inkxalabo ngokusesikweni, isidima, kunye nemiphumo engacwangciswanga.

Iimvume Zokubuyisela Ucalucalulo

Enye yezona zigxeko zingapheliyo kukuba uvumo lwesenzo luyi "lucalulo olugqwethekileyo" kumacala abamhlophe nawase-Asia. Abahlalutyi baphikisa ngelithi akukho mntu ofanele agwetywe izono zezizukulwana ezidlulileyo kwaye uhlanga alufanele lube yifekta ekuvulweni. Abafundi be-Fair Adgigistrations balwakhelwe le ngxoxo, besithi abafaki-zicelo abagqwesileyo base-Asia babecalucalucalucaluca ngokukhetha abambalwa abangenalucalucalulo. Abaxhasi abaphikisa ukutho oluqhubekayo lwekhethelo oluqhubekayo lobuhlanga naleyo lusisixhobo esiyimfuneko sokufaka umgangatho ongafanelekanga wokudlala umhlaba.

Impikiswano Engobundlobongela

Ingxoxo ye-Senocracy ithi ukuvuma kufanele kusekelwe ngokupheleleyo kwimpumelelo yomntu ngamnye, umgangatho, kunye nobuchule bokuvavanya. Abahlalutyi bathi ukuvuma kunciphisa lo mgaqo ngokuvumela ukhetho olusekelwe kuhlanga. Ngokuphendula, abaxhasi baphikisa ukuba imilinganiselo yesithethe efana neemvavanyo eziqhelekileyo ayingoondilele; basoloko bebonakalisa iingenelo zentlalo-ntle, ukufumaneka kokulungiselela, kunye noqhatha-cagoso lwembali olufakwe kwiimvavanyo ngokwazo. Ngaphezu koko, baphikisa ngelithi inzuzo yemibanzi eninzi yolu hlobo lobuchule kwaye ukwahlukahlukana ngokwako kuyimeko ekhulisa imeko-bume yemfundo.

I-Dasm Preseant neStigma

Bambi abaphengululi, ingakumbi uRichard Sander noStuart Taylor Jr, baye baphuhlisa ingcamango "yokuphumelela kwemfundo," ecebisa ukuba abafundi abayamkelayo ngokuvuma kwimibutho apho bengakulungele ukulungiselela khona basenokulwa kwaye bayekelele kwiqondo eliphezulu. Le ngcamango isenokuphikisana kwaye incitshiswa ngabaphandi bemfundo abaninzi, abakhomba kwinani labaphumeleleyo kunye neziphumo ezibonisa ukuba abafundi abambalwa bangenelwa ekufumaneni amaziko akhethekileyo. Noko ke, ihlazo elinxulunyaniswa nokuqondwa njenge "inyathelo elingumekileyo elivumayo" lingenza imithwalo yengqondo yabafundi abathile, inkxalabo eye yasebenza ukuphendula ngokukhuthaza nokuxhasa iinkqubo.

Ucelomngeni Olungokwasemthethweni nolomGaqo-siseko

Ngaphandle kwamatyala akhethekileyo, ucelomngeni olubanzi olungokwasemthethweni lokuvuma isenzo esilinganayo soKhuselo lukaClaus weSinyuso seshumi elinesine. Abachasi baphikisa ngelithi nakuphi na ukuqwalaselwa kohlanga ngurhulumente ``kuquka iiyunivesithi zikawonke-wonke] kufuneka lugqithe uphando olungqongqo, ithetha ukuba kufuneka ikhonze umdla onyanzelekileyo kwaye ilungiswe kancinci. Emva kwesigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo yama-2023, ukuvunywa kohlanga akusavunyelwa phantsi komthetho wesizwe, nangona izikolo zisenokuqwalasela indlela oluchaphazele ubomi bomkeli besicelo, logama nje linxulumene nomgangatho okanye amava aqinile.

Iingenelo Zokwahlukahlukana Kwemfundo

Phezu kwazo nje iimpazamo ezingokwasemthethweni, uphando oluninzi luxhasa iingenelo zequmrhu labafundi ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Iziphumo Zokufunda Ezinyusiweyo

Uphando oluninzi lubonise ukuba abafundi abakwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo bavelisa ubuchule bokucinga obunempumelelo ngakumbi. Ukuchanabeka kwiimbono ezahlukeneyo kunyanzelisa abafundi ukuba bathandabuze iingcamango ezintsonkothileyo baze babe nenxaxheba kwiingcamango ezintsonkothileyo. Uhlolisiso oluphawulekayo lweBhunga leMerika ngemfundo lufumanise ukuba abafundi abafumana ezona ngxubevange yeentlanga nezizwe ezisezikolweni banikela ingxelo yeyona nkqubela iphambili ekukhuleni kwengqondo nentlalo - ntle.

Ukunciphisa Ikhethe Neendidi Zesihluzo

Ingcamango yonxibelelwano, ephuhliswa yingcali yengqondo uGordon Allport, icebisa ukuba ukunxibelelana okunentsingiselo phakathi kwamaqela aphantsi kweemeko ezilinganayo kunye nokusebenzisana kunye kunciphisa ikhethe. Iiklasi ezidibanisayo zinika amathuba obuhlobo obunqamlezileyo kunye nemfundo encedisanayo, enokuphelisa intsingiselo ebanzi yolwazelelelo. Uphando oluvela kwiYunivesithi yaseMichigan nase-UCLA lubhale ukuba abafundi abasebenzisana rhoqo noontanga babo abasuka kwiimvelaphi ezahlukeneyo babonisa umgangatho osezantsi wocaluvo kunye nokungagocekisi.

Ukulungiselela Umsebenzi Ontlukwano

Abaqeshi baxabisa ngokukhulayo abaphumeleleyo abanokusebenza ngokunempumelelo kumaqela ahlukeneyo. Uhlolisiso olwenziwa nguMcKinsey & Company lwafumanisa ukuba iinkampani ezinemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ziqhuba kakuhle ngokwemali. Amaziko emfundo acwangcisa iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zabafundi ezicwangciselwe ukulungiselela iindima zokhokelo kwizoqoqosho ezisehlabathini lonke. Abaphumeleleyo abaye baqhuba iindawo ezisingqongileyo ezihlukeneyo abaxhotyiswe bhetele ukuze banxibelelane nezithethe zenkcubeko kunye nokuzintsha ngokuguqula iimbono ezahlukeneyo.

Ezinye Iindlela Zokwenza Isenzo Sokuqinisekisa Uhlanga

Emva kwesigqibo seNkundla Ephakamileyo yowama-2023, iikholeji neeyunivesithi zihlola iindlela ezinokusetyenziswa ngaphandle kohlanga-mpuma ukuze kulondolozwe iinguqu zezakhiwo. Ezininzi zezi ndlela ziye zazanywa kumarejista athi ngaphambili ukuvalwa kokwenza uvumo lwemvume, njengeKhalifoniya, Michigan, neTexas.

Imisebenzi esekelwe kwintlalo-ntle yezoqoqosho

Amaziko amaninzi aye atshintsha ajonge imeko yentlalo-ntle yezoqoqosho njengelungu lobulungu. Umzekelo, iYunivesithi yaseKhalifoniya yasebenzisa uhlolo olunobuchule "lokuhlola" olulinganisa oothunywashe abafana nengeniso yentsapho, imfundo yabazali, kunye neempawu zengingqi. Nangona intlalo-ntle yezoqoqosho inokudibana neendidi zeentlanga, uphando lubonisa ukuba azizikhuphi ngokupheleleyo iingenelo zokuqwalasela ubuhlanga. Uhlalutyo olusuka kwiYunivesithi yaseKhalifoniya lwafumanisa ukuba emva kokungavunyelwa kwabantu abaziyo ukuba bahluleki, umlinganiselo wabafundi abambalwa abangaphantsi kwezona ndawo zayo ezikhethayo, lo gama ingxube intlalo-ntle kuphela.

Ipesenti Yezicwangciso Nezihlangu Eziphezulu

ITexas, iKhalifoniya, neFlorida zamkela "iiplani eziphezulu" ``zizibonelelo'' ezivunyiweyo kwinkqubo yeyunivesithi yelinye ilizwe ukwenzela ipesenti emiselweyo yabaphumeleleyo abaphezulu kwisikolo ngasinye samabanga aphakamileyo. ITexas Top 10% Plan, umzekelo, ngokuzenzekelayo ivuma ukuba nawuphi na umfundi okwisigaba esiphezulu sodidi lwabo abaphumeleleyo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba zininzi kangakanani na iimvavanyo. Ezi zicwangciso zandisa iinguqu-jiko-ntlalo-ntle kodwa aziphumelelanga ekuqinisekiseni ukwahlukahlukana kweentlanga kwizona zikolo zokhuphikiswano, ingakumbi xa izikolo eziphezulu zihleli.

Uhlolo lobuNqamzamlo neMida eVunyiweyo

Iikholeji ezininzi zindisa iinkqubo zazo zohlolo lobukhomputha ukuze zibeke ubunzima obukhulu kwizinto ezifana nobume be-kholeji yokuqala yesizukulwana, ukoyisa ubunzima, umsebenzi woluntu, kunye namava obomi angaqhelekanga. Iincwadi kunye noncomela iileta ngoku zidlala indima enkulu. Ii-ofisi zemvume ziqeqeshelwe ukuchonga "i-eversance" kunye "inkcubeko" njengeempawu ezibalulekileyo. Noko ke, abahlalutyi bayalumkisa ukuba le migaqo ibalulekileyo isenokudlalwa ziintsapho ezityeleleneyo kwaye zingabi namngeni mgangatho ophantsi kubafundi ngaphandle kokufumana uqeqesho olunamandla kwikholeji.

Ukuphelisa Izinto ezikhethekayo ezisifayo kunye noManiko

Enye iinguqu efunyenweyo kukupheliswa kokuvunywa kwelifa elilifa elilifa kubantwana be-almni. Abahlalutyi bathi iimfuno ezilifa ziyingenelo kakhulu kubamhlophe nakwabatyebi kwaye ziluhlobo lwenzuzo engafunwayo. Emva kwesigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo yama-2023, amaziko amaninzi abhengezwe ukuba aya kuphelisa ukuvunywa kwelifa. Umzekelo, iYunivesithi ka-Wesley kunye neYunivesithi yeMinnesota iwu, iphelise uqheliselo. Ukususa iimfuno ezilili ngokutho zinokukhulula iingcambulwana zabafundi kwimvelaphi engaphantsi kweleekho, nto ichaza ukuzinikela kokufumana inzuzo nokungangeni.

Imbono Yezizwe Ngezizwe Ngesenzo Esizinzileyo

Amazwe amaninzi aye amkela inkqubo efanayo ukucombulula ukungalingani kwembali.

I-India

I-Indiya inenye yezona nkqubo zibanzi zokuthengisa umhlaba ehlabathini, ineeoomlinganiselo kwimfundo kawonke-wonke kunye nomsebenzi weShedymad Castes (ekwakufudula "kungachatshazelwa"), iNtlanga eShedyuli, kunye nezinye iiklasi ze-Freedomed. Ezi zigaba ziye zanceda ekuphuculeni ukufikelela kwimfundo ephakamileyo kumaqela akwimbali elungelelanisiweyo. Noko ke, le nkqubo ijongene neempikiswano eziqhubekayo ngenxa yokuphumelela kwayo, ukufakwa kwabantu abasweleyo ngokwezoqoqosho abasuka kwiindidi eziphezulu, kunye nolawulo lwezobupolitika.

I-Brazil

I-Brazil yasebenzisa inani lohlanga lwamaqela kwiiyunivesithi zikawonke-wonke ekuqaleni kowama- 2000. INkundla ePhakamileyo yelo lizwe yaxhasa ubugqeba bokwenza umsebenzi wokuxhasa ukhuphiswano lohlanga ngo-2012. Iyunivesithi yaseBrazil ukususela ngoko ibone ulwando olubalulekileyo ekubhalisweni koMnyama, uhlanga oluxubeneyo, kunye nabafundi bomthonyama. Uphando lubonisa ukuba inani labafundi liqhuba ngokwemfundo okanye ngaphantsi nje koontanga abangeyo

UMzantsi Afrika

I-Pfter-partheid yaseMzantsi Afrika yasungula iinkqubo ezibanzi zoncedo lwezoqoqosho olusekelwe kwiBlacky (BEE) eziquka ukwamkela umsebenzi kwimfundo nakumsebenzi. Urhulumente wedemokhrasi wafuna ukulungisa ukungalingani okunzulu okubangelwa lucalucalulo. Iyunivesithi yaseMzantsi Afrika iye yamkela imigaqo-nkqubo yokulamkela ngokuphandle i-ntlalo-ntle nokusebenza kwayo iyaqhubeka, ingakumbi ngokuphathelele unyango lwemiphakathi yemibala namaIndiya.

Ikamva Lokulingana Kwimfundo

Isigqibo seNkundla Ephakamileyo yowama - 2023 sayiguqula ngokunzulu indlela esemthethweni, kodwa imbopheleleko engundoqo yokusebenzisa iinguqu nokulingana kweendawo ezininzi. Iinkokeli zemfundo zilungisa, zizama iindlela ezintsha zokuvula iminyango kubo bonke abafundi kungakhathaliseki imvelaphi yabo.

Iinkqubo zokukhupha nezombhobho ezizintsha

Izikomputha ziveliswa kwiinkqubo zokufumana zangaphambi kokholeji ezibonisa kunye nenkxaso yabafundi abanamava kwingingqi ezingaphantsi kolwazi olukhoyo ekuqaleni komsebenzi wabo wemfundo. Iinkqubo ezifana ne QuestBridge National College Uthelekiso lwabantwana be-Allege [ zidibanisa abafundi abafumana imali ephantsi kunye nezifundo zemfundo zolwazi kwikholeji eziphezulu. Ezinye iimo ezizimo ziquka iinkcubeko zophando, uphando, kunye nokusebenzisana nezikolo eziphezulu kwimimandla engaphantsi kwenkonzo. Ezi nkqubo zizimisele ukwakha iqumbhunga ephezulu engaxhomekekanga kwizifundo zomdlalo-luvo.

Ubuchule bogcino-lwazi obuneenkqubo

Amagosa ogcino-lwazi anceda ukuvumbulula iipakethi ezifihlakeleyo zokungancedi nto kwaye achaze abafundi abasebenza ngokuphezulu abasuka kwiimvelaphi ezicetyisiweyo. Ezinye iiyunivesithi zisebenzisa "umo ophantsi" iibhodi eziquka amanani obuhlwempu asekuhlaleni, umgangatho wesikolo, kunye neemeko zentsapho. Ezi zixhobo zinokubonakalisa ukuphumelela okungaqhelekanga nakuba zinikwe ithuba elilinganiselweyo.

Ukuququzelela Okuqhubekayo Nomthetho

Amaqela emfundo ayaqhubeka eqhubela phambili ukutshintsha inkqubo. Amanye amazwana acinga ngeenyathelo zokuvula ibhola ukuze aphinde asebenze uvuselele kwimibutho kawonke-wonke. Amanye ajolise phambili kwisenzo sokuxhasa udidi okanye uncedo lwemali. ISebe lemfundo lase-U.S. likhuphe ukhokelo kwiindlela zogqatso-ngaphandle zohlanga, ligxininisa ukuba amaziko kufuneka aqhubeke evumelana neSihloko se-Sibini samaLungelo, esilwalela ucalucalucalulo, kwaye kufuneka athathe amanyathelo okuthintela ucalucalulo lohlanga.

Isiphelo

Isenzo sokuqinisekisa ingqeqesho yemfundo iye yaba yenye yezona nkqubo ziphambili nekhuphisanayo kule minyaka ingamashumi amathandathu edluleyo. Ngelixesha isiseko somthetho sitshintshile ngokuphawulekayo, iinjongo ezingundoqo ```ukungalungisi okukhoyo kwembali, ukukhuthaza ukulingana kokwenene kwethuba, kwaye ukubophelela iinzuzo zemfundo ekwindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo--ezikhoyo zihlala zifanelekile kunanini na ngaphambili. Indlela ephambili ifuna ubuchule, uphando olungqongqo, kunye nozibopheleleko lokugqitha ngokusesikweni. Njengoko amaziko ehambelana nexesha lokusebenza okuzinzileyo, inkcazulu kufuneka iqhubeke isebenza njenge-injini ephezulu yolonwabo kunye ne-'injini yokwenyaniso yentlalo sifuna ukulwa.