Amaphulo okhetho kwidemokhrasi yale mihla afuna ubuncwane obuninzi bemali ukuze busebenze ngokunempumelelo. Kusasazo lwentengiso kunye nezotyani ezingenisa imali efikelela kwimivuzo yeqeshwa nentsebenziswano, iindleko zokuqhuba iphulo lezobupolitika elikhuphisanayo zingafikelela izigidi okanye amawaka ezigidi zeerandi. Ukuqonda indlela la maphulo axhaswa ngayo kubalulekile kubemi abafuna ukwenza izigqibo ezithelekelelwayo ngenkqubo yezobupolitika baze baqaphele impembelelo yemali kunyulo.

Imali yenkamzampane imela enye yeenkalo ezintsonkothileyo neziphikisanayo zolawulo-demokhrasi. Indlela amaphulo anyusa aze achithe imali enempembelelo engqalileyo enokufikelela kwisikhundla, ezinjani izigidi ezifikelela kwivoti, kwaye ekugqibeleni, ezinyulwayo. Olu khokelo lunentsingiselo luhlola imithombo eyahlukeneyo yezephulo, izicwangciso ezisemthethweni ezilawula iminikelo yezobupolitika, kunye nemibutho edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhlawuleni inkxaso-mali.

Imithombo Esisiseko Yokuxhasa Iphulo

Amaphulo ezobupolitika afumana inkxaso yemali kwimijelo emininzi, nganye ineempawu neemfuno ezikhethekileyo. Ukuqonda le mithombo kunceda abavoti baqonde apho abaza kuthabatha khona ubuncwane babo nezinto abanomdla kuzo kwezobupolitika.

Iminikelo Yomntu Ngamnye

Abanikeli ngabanye baseka isiseko sephulo lokuxhasa ngenkxaso-mali kwiinkqubo zedemokhrasi ezininzi. Umntu angafak' isandla kwii-R3 500 ngonyulo kwiNdlu ye-U.S. okanye kwiNdlu yeNdlu yeNtlanganiso yaseUnited States ephantsi komthetho wesizwe wangoku. Le miqathango yomnikelo iyatshintshwa ngamaxesha athile ukuze kunciphe ixabiso lemali, iqinisekisa ukuba imimiselo ihlala inxulumene neemeko zezoqoqosho.

Iminikelo nganye ivela ngomlinganiselo owahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwiminikelo ye-dola encinane encinane ukuya kwimali eninzi evumelekileyo. Unyuko lwe-intanethi eqokelela imali eninzi lukwenze kwalula kunanini na ngaphambili ukucela iminikelo emincinane kumanani amakhulu abaxhasi. Oku kukhutshwa kwemali yemali kuvumele abathathi-nxaxheba abangenazikhundla zokhuphiswano ukuba bakhe izikhonkwane zemfazwe ngenkxaso yengca.

Eminye imiqathango yomnikelo isebenza kunyulo ngalunye apho umvotelwa ongurhulumente athatha inxaxheba khona. Umzekelo, unyulo oluphambili noluqhelekileyo luthathwa njengonyulo olwahlukileyo. Umntu anganikela ngee-R3,500 kunyulo oluphambili; umntu ngoko anganikela olunye ii-$3,500 kunyulo jikelele. Esi sakhiwo sinika abantu igalelo lokunikela kwii-$7,000 kumjikelo ngamnye.

Ukubaluleka kweminikelo ngamnye kudlulela ngaphaya kwe-R2. Iphulo elidla ngokuncomela inani labantu abanikelayo abanokuxhasa ngokuphangaleleyo. Umntu oza kufumana inkxaso ebanzi engamakhulu amawaka abanikelayo angafumana imvume yokufumana ingca ephuma kwimiqathango, ngeli lixa omnye exhomekeke kwinani elincinane labanikeli abanokujamelana nezilangazelelo ezimele iimfuno zabo.

IiKomiti Zezenzo Zezobupolitika (Ii-PAC)

IiKomiti zePhondo zimela imibutho esungulwe ukunyusa nokuchitha imali kubanyuli okanye abohlulwe. Umthetho woManyano uvumela iindidi ezininzi zeekomiti zezenzo zobupolitika (PACs). UMthetho weSibonelelo soMbutho Wokhetho uthintela amaqumrhu kunye namaqumrhu abasebenzi ekwenzeni iminikelo engqalileyo okanye iinkcitho mayelana nonyulo lwamaqumrhu. Noko ke, le mibutho ingaxhasa intsebenzo "yongahlulwa-mali emiselweyo" (SF), eyaziwa ngokuba yi-"edityaniswe i-PAC".

I-PAC edityanisiweyo idla ngokusekwa ziinkampani, imibutho yezengqesho, imibutho yorhwebo, okanye eminye imibutho yamalungu. Ngoxa umbutho oxhasayo ungenakunikela ngqo kubathathi-nxaxheba, i-PAC inokuhlawula iindleko zolawulo lwe-PAC, ezithi zifune iminikelo yokuzithandela kubasebenzi, amalungu okanye abagcini-mali.

Ii-PAC ezingadityaniswanga zisebenza ngokwazo ngaphandle kombutho oxhasayo. I-PAC engadityaniswanga izimele ngokwemali, ithetha ukuba kufuneka ihlawule iindleko zayo zolawulo isebenzisa iminikelo eyinyusayo. Nangona umbutho ungaxhasa ngemali i-PAC engadityaniswanga, ezi nkcitho zithathwa njengeminikelo kwi-PAC kwaye ziphantsi kwemida ye-dola nezinye iimfuno zoMthetho.

I-PAC yesithethe ijongene nemiqathango yomnikelo koko inokukwamkela noko inokukunika. Ingamkela ii-$5 000 ngonyaka ukusuka kubantu ngabanye kwaye inokuba negalelo ukuya kwii-$5 000 kunyulo ngalunye lwamaqumrhu. Le mida yahlula ii-PAC ngokwesithethe kwi-PC kubantwana abasandul'ukuphuhliswa, i-Super PACs, esebenza phantsi kwemithetho eyahlukeneyo.

IiKomiti ZeQela Lezobupolitika

Amaqela ezobupolitika enza indima ebalulekileyo kwiphulo lokuxhasa ngemali ngeekomiti zawo ezahlukeneyo kwilizwe, kwiphondo, nakumgangatho wasekuhlaleni. Umntu angafak' isandla kwii-$4,300 ngonyaka kwikomiti nganye yesizwe yeqela (umz., i-DNC/RNC, i-DSC/NRC, i-DC/NRC). Le mida iphezulu ibonisa indima ebanzi yamaqela ekuxhaseni abathathi-nxaxheba kunye nokwakha izibonelelo zezobupolitika.

Iikomiti zeqela lesizwe ziyakwazi ukugcina ii-akhawunti ezikhethekileyo ukwenzela iinjongo ezithile. Umntu unokunikela malunga ne-R22,900 ngonyaka kwikhalenda nganye kwikomiti yesizwe egcina iinjongo ezichaziweyo: i-akhawunti yokwakha, ingxelo yengxelo, kunye (kwimeko ye-DNC/RNC) nengxelo yendibano. Ezi ngxelo zobuchule zivumela amaqela ukuba anyuse imali eyongezelelekileyo ukwenzela imisebenzi enjengokugcinwa kwezakhiwo zekomkhulu, ukuxhasa iingxelo zonyulo kunye nenkqubo yomthetho, kunye nokulungiselela iindibano zobumongameli.

Iikomiti zeqela lezobupolitika zinganikela ngemali ngqo kubathathi-nxaxheba, phantsi kwemiqathango yomnikelo odweliswe ngasentla. Iikomiti zesizwe nezorhulumente zingenza "inkcitho elungelelanisiweyo," phantsi kwemida, ukunceda abasebenzi bazo kunyulo jikelele. Iikomiti zeqela lesiZwe zingenza "inkcitho ezizimeleyo" ukuxhasa okanye ukuchasa abatshayeli besizwe. Le ndlela idibeneyo ivumela amaqela ukuba axhase abathathi-nxaxheba ngokunikela ngokuthe ngqo, ngemisebenzi yephulo elilungelelanisiweyo, nangemisebenzi yezakhono ezizimeleyo.

Ukuzixhobisa Ngokwakho

Enye yezona nkcukacha zibalulekileyo ezichaseneyo nemiqathango yeminikelo ibandakanya abathathi-nxaxheba abasebenzisa imali yabo. Abathathi-nxaxheba bangachitha imali yabo yobuqu kwiphulo labo ngaphandle kwemida. Kodwa kufuneka baxele inani elichithwa yi-FEC. Eli khono lingenasiphelo lokuziqhayisa lincede abantu abazizityebi ukuba bafake inxaxheba kukhuphiswano ngaphandle kokufuna ukwandisa ii-mente ezitheneyo.

Ubuchule bokuzingca bubangela amathuba kunye nenkxalabo. Kwelinye icala, buvumela abantu bangaphandle bezobupolitika ngaphandle kokusungulwa ukuba bakhuphisane. Kwelinye icala, kuphakamisa imibuzo yokuba ubutyebi bunganikela uncedo olubalulekileyo kusini na ekufuneni isikhundla sikawonke-wonke. Abanye abathathi-nxaxheba baye bachitha amashumi okanye amakhulu ezigidi zemali yabo kwimirhumo, ngokusisiseko beguqula umhlaba wokhuphiswano.

Ngoxa abathathi-nxaxheba benokuchitha imali yabo engenasiphelo, ingcaciso "yemali yobuqu" inemiqathango ekhethekileyo esemthethweni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iquka iimpahla ezikhokelwayo ngokusemthethweni kwaye zilawulwa, kwakunye nengeniso evela emsebenzini nakwezinye imithombo. Noko ke, abatshayeli abanakuboleka iimali ezingenamda ngokusebenzisa iphulo labo njengelikhusi.

Imiqathango engokwasemthethweni nemiqathango yegalelo

Iphulo lomthetho wezemali eUnited States limela uludwe lwemimiselo, imimiselo, nezigwebo zenkundla eziye zavela ngaphezu kwenkulungwane. Le mithetho izama ukulungelelanisa izilangazelelo ezikhuphisanayo: ukukhusela ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nokuba nenxaxheba kwezobupolitika ngoxa ithintela ukonakala nempembelelo engafanelekanga.

UMthetho Wephulo Lokhetho Lomanyano Nendaleko Yalo

Iphulo lokuqala lezemali lesizwe, iTillman Act, lamiswa ngo-1907. Lalela ukuba iibhanki nemibutho eqeshwe ngokwesizwe ingasebenzi kwiminikelo karhulumente. Lo mthetho uphawulayo wamisela umgaqo wokuba amaqumrhu athile afanele athintelwe ekuphembeleleni ngqo unyulo ngemiqathango yawo.

Igalelo kunye nemali echithwe kumaphulo karhulumente yamiselwa ngokumiswa koMthetho weSicwangciso soNkqulo loMgaqo-nkqubo ka-1971. Lo mthetho ubanzi wadala isakhiwo sangoku somgaqo wephulo lemali, ukuseka imida yeminikelo, ukuchitha imida, kunye nokutyhilwa kwemiqathango. Noko ke, umthetho uye watshintshwa ngokuphawulekayo ngezilungiso ezilandelayo kunye nezigqibo zenkundla.

NgoJanuwari 30, 1976, iNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseUnited States yawisa isigqibo kwiBhuckley neValeo sokuba iphulo lezopolitiko elichithwe kwimida yezopolitiko lawuphula umthetho wokuqala woMgaqo-siseko waseUnited States. Esi sigqibo sayilwa ngokusisiseko umthetho wezemali wezemali ngokuhlula phakathi kweminikelo nenkcitho. INkundla yaqinisekisa imiqathango kwiminikelo yabathathi-nxaxheba njengendlela yokuthintela urhwaphilizo, kodwa yasibeka imida kwinkcitho yokuzimela ngokwayo njengenkxwalela ukuthetha ngokukhululekile.

Imida Yangoku Yegalelo

Imiqathango yomnikelo womanyano iyalungiswa rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini ukuphendula ukunyuka kwamaxabiso. NgoJanuwari 30, 2025, iKhomishini yoNqumlo loManyano (FEC) ikhupha entsha, imida yomnikelo olungiselwe ukunyuka kwexabiso lombane yomjikelo wonyulo wama-2025-2026. Olu hlengahlengiso luthe rhoqo luqinisekisa ukuba iminikelo igcine ixabiso layo lokwenene ngexesha elizayo.

Isiphelo sangoku senza indlela equlathe ithala elisekelwe kuhlobo lomnikeli nomnikeli:

  • Abantu ngabanye banokunikela ngee - R3 500 ngonyulo kunyulo
  • Abantu ngabanye banokunikela ii-R2 000 ngonyaka kwiiPaC zesithethe
  • Abantu ngabanye banokunikela malunga nee-irandi ezingama-4 300 ngonyaka kwiikomiti zeqela lesizwe
  • IPAC yonyulo oluninzi lunganikela kwii-R35 000 kunyulo
  • Iikomiti zamaqumrhu esizwe zinganikela ngemali elinganiselweyo kwabo bathe bathathi-nxaxheba ngeminikelo engqalileyo nangeendleko ezilungelelanisiweyo

Ngokulandela isigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo yowama-2014 kwiMcCutcheon v.FEC, akusekho mlinganiselo olinganayo wemali umntu angayinika bonke abathathi-nxaxheba, iPAC kunye neekomiti zeqela zidibene. Ngaphambi kwesi sigqibo, abantu ngabanye bajongana nemida ephezulu kunye neso sisonke isigqumathelo semiqathango yezopolitiko. Ukususwa kwemida ye-aggrea kuvumela abani abavumi abanikela ngobuninzi obungenasiphelo kumanani abo batsha nakumaqela.

Umthombo ocetyiswayo weminikelo

Umthetho womanyano awuvumeli imibutho nemibutho yabasebenzi ukuba inikele ngemali ngqo kubathathi-nxaxheba ("imali enzima") okanye kwiikomiti zeqela lesizwe. Lo mthetho, owenziwe kuMthetho weTillman ka-1907 kwaye womelezwe ngumthetho olandelayo, ubonisa inkxalabo ngempembelelo eyonakalisayo yamandla oqoqosho agxininisiweyo.

Kwakhona amazwe asemzini ayalelwa ekwenzeni iminikelo okanye iminikelo enxulumene nalo naluphi na unyulo lwamaqumrhu, urhulumente, okanye lwengingqi. Oku kuthintelwa kubhekiselwa koorhulumente bamanye amazwe, amaqela ezobupolitika, imibutho yamanye amazwe, nabantu basemzini abangavumelekanga ngokusemthethweni ukuba babe ngabemi baseUnited States.

Amasebe asebenza ngokumanyeneyo ayalelwa ekwenzeni iminikelo kumaqumrhu athe afikelela kwinkonzo kunye neekomiti zesizwe. Lo mqathango uthintela ukubonakala okanye inyaniso yamalungiselelo okuhlawula ingeniso apho izivumelwano zikarhulumente zinokunikwa ngokusekelwe kwiminikelo yezobupolitika kunokuba zinikwe inzuzo.

Iimfuno zoMngxuma Nezokuba Bhexesha

Ngokuthetha ngokubanzi, amaphulo kufuneka anikele ingxelo yomnikelo ngamnye kweli phulo; angafumana kuphela isixa esisikelweyo kumntu ngamnye nakumbutho ngamnye; kwaye anokuxhaswa ngokungangqalanga ngokusebenzisa imali ezimeleyo. Ezi mfuneko zokutyhilwa zifeza iinjongo ezininzi: bavumela abavoti babone ukuba ngubani na owenziwe amaphulo enkxaso, benze uwiso-mthetho olunokuthintela ukunganyaniseki.

Iphulo lomthetho wezemali kumgangatho wesizwe lifuna iikomiti zabameli, iikomiti zamaqela, nee-PACs ukuba zibhale iingxelo zexesha ngalinye ezichaza imali eziyiphakamisayo neziyichithayo. Ngokomzekelo, zonke iikomiti ze-PAC kunye neekomiti zeqela ezibanika iminikelo, kwaye kufuneka zinike amagama, imisebenzi, abaqeshi kunye neekhelingi zabo bonke abantu ababanika iingxelo ezingaphezu kwama-R3 000 kumjikelo wonyulo.

Ezi ngxelo zigcinwe kwiKhomishini yoNlamlo kaManyano kwaye zenziwa zifumaneke kuluntu ngee-data ze-intanethi. Abacholacholi, abaphandi, amaqela okukhuthuza, kunye nabemi abaqhelekileyo bangahlola ukuba ngubani osebenzisa inkxaso-mali nendlela esetyenziswa ngayo. Oku kusebenza njengovavanyo lorhwaphilizo kwaye kunceda abavoti benze izigqibo zolwazi.

Imithetho yezemali yephondo neyoMbutho

Iminikelo efunyanwa ngabantu abangengomatyala, njengabo basebenzela irhuluneli, igqwetha jikelele, okanye usodolophu, ilawulwa yimithetho karhulumente neyasekuhlaleni. Le mithetho inokwahluka ngokuphawulekayo ngokwemithetho yolawulo olunye ukuya kwelinye, ngoko kubalulekile ukuqonda imimiselo engqalileyo esebenza kwiminikelo yakho kwiphondo nakwimigangatho yasekuhlaleni.

Amanye amazwe anemithetho yezemali engqongqo kakhulu enemiqathango encinane nemfuno enzulu. Amanye anemiqathango encinane, evumela iminikelo engenasiphelo evela kubantu kwanakwiinkampani. Amazwana ambalwa aye asebenzisa iinkqubo zenkxaso kawonke-wonke kunyulo lukarhulumente, enika imali karhulumente ukuze afanelekele abo bathe bavumayo ukumisela umda ukuqokelela nokuchitha imali.

Uphuhliso lomgangatho wephondo lakutshanje lubonisa indaleko eqhubekayo kumgaqo wezemali wephulo. Umzekelo, iMassachusetts ibisebenza ngamandla ekomelezeni imithetho yayo yezemali, ingumthetho omtsha ojoliswe kwimfuno zokubonisana nokutyhilwa kwamaphulo okukhuthuza nokuqulunqa kwemali kunye neekomiti zezobupolitika.

Iinguqu eziphambili

Ukuvela kwemali yephulo kwatshintsha ngokuphawulekayo xa kwavela iiPACI ezikhulu, imibutho enokunyusa nokuchitha imali engenakuthelekiswa nanto ukuphembelela unyulo, ukuba nje ayinikelanga ngqo kubavumi okanye inxibelelane namaphulo abo.

Isiseko Esisemthethweni SeePaC Ezibalaseleyo

Iqela labagwebi abasithoba abaququzelela icandelo leNkundla yezibheno yase-U.S. leNkundla yeZibheno ye-D.C. ngoku ligqibe kwelokuba iNkqutyana, ixhomekeke kwiMisebenzi eManyeneyo, ayinakuyilinganisela iminikelo kwimibutho eyenza iinkcitho ezizimeleyo kuphela, oko kukuthi, inkcitho eyayingu "engathobelwanga" ngephulo lombhexezeli. Ezi zigqibo zakhokelela ekunyukeni kwe-"Inkcitho ezimeleyo" kuphela" PACs, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-"Super PaCs".

I-Super PACs, phantsi kwe-Citizens United and Speich Now, inganyusa imali engenasiphelo evela kubantu ngabanye nakumaqumrhu anikelayo kwaye isebenzise loo mali kwizibhengezo zokunyulwa, kuphela ukuba iPACIPinst ayinxibelelani nomntu oza kubhaptizwa. Esi siseko sisemthethweni sadala indlela entsha yokusebenzisa iindleko zezopolitiko ezisebenza kwimirhumo yesithethe.

Isigqibo seKhomishoni yoNqumlo yeNtshona Koloni ngo-2010 sathi urhulumente akanakuyithintela inkcitho yezopolitiko ezimeleyo yemibutho, imibutho yabasebenzi, kunye nezinye izinxulumani. INkundla yaqiqa ngelithi imiqathango enjalo yawuphazamisa ukhuseleko loMphengululo wokuqala wenkululeko yokuthetha. Ngoxa kwakudidelwa, esi sigqibo salungisa ngokusisiseko iphulo lezemali.

Indlela ezinkulu ngayo iipari ze-opera

Ikomiti yezopolitiko ezizimeleyo (ngamanye amaxesha ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"Super PACs") zingayamkela iminikelo engenasiphelo, kuquka imibutho yezoshishino kunye nemibutho yemisebenzi. Oku kukwazi ukwamkela iminikelo engenamda evela nakuwuphi na umthombo ngaphandle kwamazwe asemzini kwenza iinqwelo-mafutha eziphezulu zePaCs ezinamandla ukwenzela iindleko zezobupolitika.

I-PACs ePhakamileyo kufuneka ibhalise kwiKhomishini yoNqumo loManyano kunye neengxelo zengxelo zokutyhilwa rhoqo ezichaza abanikeli babo kunye nenkcitho. Kodwa ke, akukho mda bajongene nayo kwimali abanokuyinyusa okanye bayichithe, lo gama nje imisebenzi yabo ihlala izimele kumaphulo okucela uncedo.

Imfuneko yokuzimela geqe ibalulekile. Abantu ngabanye, amaqela ezobupolitika, ii-PAC eziphezulu, amashishini, amaqumrhu neminye imibutho bangachitha imali engenakulinganiswa kwizibhengezo ezikhankanya ngokukhethekileyo abaza kunyulwa ukuba nje bahlala bezimele kumaphulo ezobupolitika (athe athe athe athe athengwa ngokuzimela). Ukuba iPACIO NOMANDLA-MANDLA ulungelelanisa imisebenzi yakhe nephulo lombhaptizi, iinkciso zawo ziya kuthathwa njengeminikelo ephantsi kwemidaba eqhelekileyo.

Ukuqhelisa, umgca phakathi komanyano nozimeleyo unokuba ngongenamandla. I-PAC ephezulu isoloko isetyenziswa ngabasebenzi bephulo okanye izinxulumani ezisondeleyo zabahlohli. Basenokuqesha amagosa afanayo, basebenzise iposi efanayo, kwaye babelane ngolwazi olulungeleleneyo kwimijelo ekhoyo. IFEC izabalazele ukuchaza nokunyanzelisa imithetho yokusebenzisana kwesi sijikelezi - langa.

Impembelelo Yeepacs Ezibalaseleyo Kukhetho

Ii-PAC eziphezulu ziye zaba ngabadlali abaphambili kunyulo lwaseMerika, ngokufuthi zichitha imali eninzi okanye ngaphezulu kunabamele ukuxhasa. Kwimijaho yeNtlanga yeeNdlu yeeNtlanga, ukusetyenziswa kwemali ephezulu kunokufikelela kumakhulu ezigidi zeerandi. Le mali isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ijolise kuthengiso lukamabonwakude nolusebenzisa amanani, nangona iiPiercial PaC zikwaxhasa iiposi ezingqalileyo, uphando oluthe ngqo, kunye neminye imisebenzi yephulo.

Abahlalutyi bathi iPaCs eziphezulu zinciphisa imiqathango yomnikelo zivumela abantu nezinhanha ukuba babe nempembelelo engathethekiyo kunyulo. Ibhiliyoni enye yeedola ingafak ’ isandla kulowo uthenjiweyo yiPACI, enokuba yimiqobo eninzi engafuni ukuthethwa ngabantu abaqhelekileyo. Abaxhasi baphikisa ukuba iPACICs iyakwazi ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo kwaye ivumela abantu nentlangano ukuba babe nenxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kwingxoxo yezobupolitika.

Ukwanda kwemali eninzi esetyenziswayo kuninzi. Iindleko ezisetyenziswayo kwimijaho yesizwe ziye zakhula zisuka kwixabiso eliphantsi ngaphambi konyaka ka-2010 ukuya kumawaka ezigidi zeerandi kumjikelo wonyulo wakutshanje. Oludubulo luvela ngaphandle luye lwatshintsha iphulo elinamandla, maxa wambi abaza kufumana bekhutshwe ngamaPice Aphezulu exhasa okanye abachasayo.

Ezinye Iintlobo Zamaqela Angaphandle Asebenzisa Imali

Umbutho wama-527 okanye iqela lama-527 luhlobo lombutho okhutshwa irhafu waseMerika obizwa emva kwe "Uthutho 527" lweKhowudi yezeMpahla ye-U.S. ngokobuchule, phantse zonke iikomiti zezobupolitika, kuquka urhulumente, ummandla, kunye neekomiti ze-ovential mentation, iikomiti zezenzo zobupolitika, "Umxhasi wePACITS", kunye namaqela ezobupolitika abizwa ngokuba ngu-"527" ngoko ke, ukuqhelisa oku kudla ngokusetyenziswa kuphela kwimibutho engalawulwa phantsi kwemithetho yelizwana okanye imithetho yemibutho ngenxa yokuba enga "oxhasa ngokucinezenziweyo" okanye ukubhukuqwa kweqela okanye ukubhukula kweqela.

Xa isetyenziswa ngaphakathi komthetho, akukho mida ephezulu kwiminikelo yee-277 kwaye akukho miqathango kubani onokuba negalelo. Akukho mida yokusebenzisa imali ebekwe kule mibutho. Kodwa ke, kufuneka babhalise ne-IRS, batyhile ekuhleni abanikeli babo kunye neengxelo zexesha nemali.

Amaqela entlalo-ntle yoluntu, alawulwa phantsi kweCandelo 501(c)(4) lemithetho yerhafu karhulumente, achazwa njenge "ii-cbic community okanye imibutho engalungelelaniselwanga ingeniso kodwa esetyenziselwa ukukhuthaza intlalo-ntle yabantu kuphela. Le mibutho ayinyanzelekanga ukuchaza abanikeli bayo. Oku kunqongophala kwezakhono ze-501(c)(4) imibutho ephikisa iinqwelo-nqwelo-moto zezopolitiki, ngokufuthi ebizwa ngokuba yi-"imali eshushu" amaqela.

501(c) Imibutho ingabandakanyeka kumsebenzi wezopolitiko logama nje ingeyonjongo yayo yokuqala. Ingakhupha izibhengezo ezikhankanya abatshatisi, zinikele kwiPCACs, zize zenze imigudu yokuvota. Ngenxa yokuba akuyomfuneko ukuba batyhile abanikeli babo, banika abantu indlela kunye neenkampani zokuphembelela unyulo ngokungaziwayo.

Unyulo

Ngoxa inkoliso yemali yephulo ivela kwimithombo yabucala, iinkqubo zezemali zikawonke wonke zikho kumgangatho karhulumente nowaseburhulumenteni ukuze zinikele imali karhulumente ukuze zifanelekele abo batshateyo.

Imali kaNondyebo kaRhulumente

Nangona intlawulo yephulo ixhaswa ngasese (ngokungakumbi ngabanikeli abasebenza kushishino oluphantsi), imali kawonke-wonke iyafumaneka ukwenzela abafanelekele ukufaneleka kuMongameli waseUnited States ngexesha lokulawula kunye nonyulo oluqhelekileyo. Iimfuno zokungafezeki kufuneka zizalisekiswe ukuze kufaneleke ukusetyenziswa kwemali engaphantsi korhulumente, kwaye abo bamkelayo inkxaso-mali karhulumente badla ngokusetyenziswa kwimida yemali.

Inkqubo yemali karhulumente karhulumente yasungulwa ngeminyaka yee-1970 ngenxa yehlazo leWatergate. Ixhaswa ngemali ngovavanyo lokuzithandela kwirhafu karhulumente, apho abarhafu banokubhatala iirhafu zabo kwii-R3 zemali kwiNgxowa-mali yeSizwe soNkxaso.

Nangona umntu enokuthi anikele ngokusisigxina kumlinganiselo ophambili kulowo ufumana inkxaso-mali ephambili kumongameli, ubuninzi obungaphezulu lee-R250 kuphela bomnikelo womntu ngamnye bubalwe kwimali yombutho karhulumente. Le nkqubo ingqinelanayo ikhuthaza abo bathe banikela ngemali evela kwabancinane ngokunika urhulumente imali engqinelanayo yokuqala kwii-R250 zomnikelo ngamnye.

Igalelo kwiqela elikhulu (leRepublican okanye leDemocratic) iphulo lonyulo jikelele alivumelekanga ukuba umnyuli ukhetha ukufumana imali yonyulo-nyulo jikelele. Abathathi-nxaxheba abamkela inkxaso-mali yonyulo lukawonke-wonke bafumana isixa sentlawulo esinika intlawulo kwaye bayavuma ukungaphakamisi okanye bachithe nayiphi na imali yabucala eyongezelekayo kwiphulo.

Ngoko, inkqubo yemali karhulumente kawonke-wonke iye yaphelelwa yintsebenziswano. Kwimijikelo yonyulo yakutshanje, amaqela amakhulu aye alahla inkxaso-mali kawonke-wonke kuzo zombini iiprojekthi kunye nonyulo jikelele, ekhetha ukunyusa imali yabucala engenasiphelo kunokuba amkele imida yokuchitha imali efumaneka ngemali kawonke-wonke. Imigangatho yemali yenkqubo yemali ayikhange igcine isantya kunye neendleko zolo phulo lomongameli wale mihla, iyenza ingabi nomtsalane kwabaqhubi abaqhubi bemi.

Iinkqubo zokuNciphisa uLuntu

Amaphondo nezixeko eziliqela ziye zasebenzisa iinkqubo zazo zemali kawonke-wonke zonyulo lukarhulumente nolokuhlala. Ezi nkqubo zahluka kakhulu kwindlela eziyilwe ngayo kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo zikwimigangatho emibini: iinkqubo zemali ezihambelana nezicocekileyo zonyulo.

Ukulinganisa iinkqubo zemali, ezifana nenkqubo eyintloko yomongameli wequmrhu, ibonelela ngemali engqinelanayo karhulumente ngeminikelo emincinane. Ngokomzekelo, kwisiXeko saseNew York, kubonelelwa nge-8 ukuya ku-1 ye-R250 yokuqala enikelwe ngabahlali besixeko, iguqulela umnikelo wama-R250 kwimali yemali yemali e-R2,250 kwimibutho yezephulo iyonke.

Iinkqubo zonyulo ezicocekileyo zinika isixa semali esinika abo bavumayo ukulinganisela ukuqokelelwa nokuchithwa kwemali yabo. I-Arizona, iConnecticut, neMaine ziye zasebenzisa iindlela ezicocekileyo zonyulo lwee-ofisi zikarhulumente. Amagxamesi kufuneka abonise ukusebenziseka ngokuqokelela inani elithile leminikelo emincinane efanelekayo, emva koko afumana imali kawonke-wonke aze avume ukungangenisi imali eyongezelelekileyo.

Abaxhasi bathi inkxaso-mali kawonke-wonke inciphisa impembelelo yabaniki-mali abazizityebi, ivumela abo batshateyo abangenabutyebi okanye unxulumano oluphezulu ukuba bakhuphisane, kwaye bakhulula amagosa anyuliweyo ekuhlawuleni imali rhoqo. Abahlalutyi baphikisa ngelithi imikhosi yentlawulo kawonke-wonke ehlawula imali yokuxhasa abantu abatshayelwayo isenokuchasa kwaye ukuchitha imiqathango kuthintela ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo.

Indima yeebheri neeNgxowa-mali

Ngoxa umnikelo ngamnye umisela nabani na onokunikela ngokuthe ngqo kulowo ubhaptiziweyo, abakhweli beminqwazi banendima ebalulekileyo kwimali yamaphulo ngokuqokelela iminikelo kubantu abaninzi baze bayihambise kunye kumaphulo.

Ngokuqokelela intaphane yeminikelo yabantu okanye yemali engamakhuluwaka, ngokuyinikela kwiphulo, abaqokelela inkxaso yemali eninzi kunaleyo banokuyinikela ngoncedo lwabo kuphela.

Iphulo lokunyusa imali eninzi kuba linikela imali kunye nobungqina bokuxhasa kuluntu oluthile okanye kushishino. Umthungo ongenisa ii-R340 000 ngeminikelo evela kumaqumrhu oshishino lobugcisa ubonisa ukuba zombini izibonelelo zemali nempembelelo kulo candelo. Imiba yemiqolo idla ngokuvelisa iinkqubo zokuqwalaselwa okanye amathuba okufikelela kwiimali eziphezulu.

Umthetho womanyano kufuneka amaphulo omongameli kunye nee-PAC zokhokelo ukutyhila ulwazi malunga nabangenisi abaqokelele iminikelo. Xa umxhasi obhalisweyo wengingqi ebhalisweyo enyusa imiqukumbelo engaphezu kwemali ethile yomqobo kwiminikelo, iphulo kufuneka lixele ngochazo lomxhasi kunye nemali edityanisiweyo epheleleyo. Le mfuneko yokutyhilwa ijolise ekwandiseni impembelelo ecacileyo ngabangeni-ndwendwe kumaphulo.

Noko ke, abaxhasi abaninzi abangoovimba ababhaliswayo kwaye ngoko abaxhobisi iimfuno zokutyhilwa. Abantu abanobutyebi, abalawuli bequmrhu, nabanye abaqokelela iminikelo basoloko bengabonakali kwiingxelo zemali zephulo likawonke-wonke, nangona besenokuba nempembelelo enkulu kumaphulo nakwabo bathe bawathabatha.

Ukusetyenziswa Kwemali Nendlela Esetyenziswa Ngayo Kwiphulo Lokuziphilisa

Ukuqonda imali yephulo akufuni kukhangela nje apho imali ivela khona, kodwa kwanakundlela amaphulo asetyenziswa ngayo.

Ubhengezo Nemithombo Yezavezi

Eyona ndleko iphambili kuwona maphulo kukubhengeza, ingakumbi izibhengezo zikamabonwakude kwimijaho yokhuphiswano.

Izibhengezo zamanani zibaluleke kakhulu, xa amaphulo echitha imali eninzi kwizibhengezo zezentlalo, ukuphendla iinjini, nokubhengeza. Izibhengezo zamanani zinika iingenelo kumaziko eendaba, kuquka ukujolisa, ukulungiswa kwexesha lokwenene, kunye nokusebenzisa ii-metrics ezineenkcukacha. Kodwa ke, zikwanyusa inkxalabo malunga nenkcazelo ephosakeleyo, ukuphazamisana namazwe angaphandle, nokusetyenziswa kogcino-lwazi lobuqu.

Iintengiso zikanomathotholo, iiposi ezingqalileyo, nemiqondiso yebala elingaphandle (iibhodi, intsika) nazo zisebenzisa izinto ezibalulekileyo ezisetyenziswayo kumaphulo.

Abasebenzi nabacebisi

Amaphulo okukhuphisana aqesha iqela okanye amakhulu abasebenzi, kuquka abaphathi bephulo, abaququzeleli, abaququzeleli bentsimi, abalawuli bothungelwano, abanikeli-mali, nabasebenzi bolawulo. Imivuzo yengqesho kunye neengenelo zoomatiloshe zimela iindleko ezithe zaqhubeka ngalo lonke elo phulo.

Kwakhona amaphulo aqesha abacebisi abakhethekileyo ekuvoteleni, ekuveliseni amajelo eendaba, ekusebenziseni imichiza yezobugcisa, ekuphandeni inkcaso, nakwezinye izinto. Abacebisi bezobupolitika abaphezulu bayalela iindleko ezithe kratya, kwaye ubuchule babo bunokuba nempembelelo ephawulekayo kwiphulo. Ushishino lokuhlola luye lwaba yinxalenye ephambili yezemali yezentlalo, namawaka ezigidi zeerandi ezithunyela abacebisi bezonyulo lwezopolitiko.

Name

Iphulo lizityale kakhulu kwimisebenzi yasemasimini elungiselelwe ukuchonga abaxhasi, ukunyanzela abavoti abarhwebi abangengabo, nokuqinisekisa ukuba abaxhasi baphethukela ekuvoteni. Oku kuquka iindleko zesithuba seofisi, iibhanki zemfonomfono, iisiseko sogcino-lwazi, izinto zokuvota, kunye nabasebenzi basemasimini.

Amaphulo angoku axhomekeke kulwazi oluntsonkothileyo ukujolisa imigudu yabo yokufumana. Bathenga okanye barele iifayile zabavoti eziqulethe ulwazi olumalunga nabavoti ababhalisiweyo, baze bakhulise le nkcazelo ngolwazi lwabathengi, iziphumo zokuphanda, kunye nokufakela imizekelo. Olu ncedo logcino-lwazi lufuna utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo kodwa luvumela amaphulo okusebenzisa ubuncwane babo ngendlela ephumelelayo.

Iziganeko Nohambo

Iziganeko, ukususela kumatheko amancinane endlu ukuya kwiintlanganiso ezinkulu, kufuneka kuhlawulwe indawo yokuqesha, iinkqubo zezandi, ukumisa, ukhuseleko nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswayo.

Iziganeko zemali zimela iqela elikhethekileyo, njengoko zivelisa ingeniso ngeli xesha zingenisa iindleko. Iimali ezishicilelweyo zelanga eziphezulu kwiivenkile zokutyela okanye kumakhaya abantu, iziko lemali elikhulu lokuqokelela isidlo sangokuhlwa, kunye namaphulo okuxhasa imali kwi-intanethi onke afuna utya okucwangcisiweyo, ukubulawa, nokulandelwa.

Ukuququzelelwa

Amaphulo kufuneka afake imali eninzi engqinelana nemithetho yezemali yephulo, kuquka abaqeshi bemali, ukulondoloza iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zobalo, nokugcina iingxelo ezifunekayo. Iindleko ezingokwasemthethweni zinganyuka ngokukhawuleza, ingakumbi xa amaphulo ejongene nezikhalazo okanye uphando malunga nokuhlawulwa okanye ukusetyenziswa kwemali.

Impembelelo Yemali Kwezobupolitika

Indima yemali kunyulo iphakamisa imibuzo esisiseko ngokuphathelele idemokhrasi, ukumela, nokulingana kwezobupolitika. Ngaba imali ithenga unyulo? Ngaba izityebi ziphembelela ngokungenakulinganiswa nanto kwimigaqo-nkqubo? Ilichaphazela njani iphulo lemali elifuna isikhundla yaye ngubani onyulwayo?

Ngaba Imali Imisela Iziphumezo Zokhetho?

Ulwalamano phakathi kwemali echithwayo kunye nempumelelo yokhetho lunzima. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umvotelwa ochitha imali eninzi uphumelela rhoqo kunoko, kodwa olu manyano alubonisi yimfuneko ukuba lungangqinelani. Abahlohli abathe banconywa kakuhle basenokuba nezinye iingenelo, ezifana nokuqatshelwa, ukuqatshelwa, okanye imilinganiselo elungileyo yezobupolitika, ezibanceda bobabini baphakamise imali kwaye baphumelele kunyuso.

Imali ibonakala ibaluleke kakhulu ekunikezeni umlinganiselo osisiseko wokhuphiswano. Abasebenzi bafuna ubuncwane obaneleyo bokudlulisela isigidi sabo kubavoti, kwaye abo bathe gqi batsala nzima ukukhuphisana. Noko ke, ngapha koko, ngapha komqobo othile, imali eyongezelelekileyo ibonisa ukuncipha kwemivuzo. Umntu othelekisa imali exabisa ii-$5 ezigidi zingaba luncedo olukhulu ngaphezu komntu ochitha ii-$2,000 zezigidi, kodwa umntu othelekisa ii-R4,000.

Ukuphumelela kwemali yephulo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka ubunjani beqhinga lephulo, imekobume yezobupolitika, iimpawu zobuqu, neziganeko zangaphandle. Imali iyimfuneko kodwa ayinele ukuba iphumelele.

Impembelelo Yombutho

2022 uphando lwafumanisa ukuba oobhiliyoni basebenzisa ubutyebi babo bobuqu kunye nabo basebenza kwimibutho yabo, "bayilawulayo le ntetho ithe ngqo yabavoti" Le ngxelo ifunyenweyo ihambelana nengxelo yonyaka wama-2015 evela kubaphengululi baseMntla-ntshona weYunivesithi yase-U.S. abafumana ukuba ama-82% ezigidi zemali anikela kumaqela ezobupolitika okanye kumagxamesi kunye nesithathu sawo "afaka iminikelo" evela kwabanye, abavoti-mali-mali-yopolitiki, okanye bobabini.

Uphando lubonisa ukuba abanikeli, ngokukodwa abanikela ngemali enkulu, basenokusebenzisa impembelelo kwiiziphumo zenkqubo. Amagosa ajoliswe ekuphaneni achitha ixesha elibalulekileyo eqokelela kunye nabanikeli, abanokubumba izinto eziza kuqala nezibonakalayo. Abanikazi basoloko beneenjongo ezithile zenkqubo ezithile, kwaye igalelo labo lisenokushukunyiswa ngumnqweno wokuphembelela inkqubo kuloo mimandla.

Noko ke, umlinganiselo kunye nendlela ekhoyo yokuphekwa kusaphikiswana. Olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba abanikeli baxhasa ngokuyintloko abo sele bevumelana neembono zabo, kunokuba batshintshe iindawo zabo. Ulwalamano phakathi kweminikelo neziphumo zenkqubo kunzima ukulwahlula kwezinye izinto, njengengqiqo, izikhethelo zeqela, kunye nezikhundla zeqela.

Izithintelo Zokuba Nenxaxheba Kwezobupolitika

Indleko yamaphulo ingabangela imiqobo ekuthabatheni inxaxheba kwezobupolitika, kwabathathi-nxaxheba nakwabemi abaqhelekileyo. Abo bathe bathe bafumana inkxaso-mali yabo okanye abanokufumana ingeniso kumntu osisityebi basenokungakhuthazi ukusukela isikhundla. Oku kungaphumela kwiqukuqela elingefaniyo kwaye elimele abo baza kubhaptizwa.

Ukuba unyulo lugqalwa njengolulawulwa zizityebi kunokuba luvote, abemi basenokungaluthandi ulawulo - melo yaye basenokungabi nanxaxheba ekuvoteleni okanye kwezinye iindlela zombutho.

Ukunyanzelwa nolawulo

IKhomishini yoNqumlo loManyano loManyano (FEC) inyanzelisa uMthetho weCandelo loNlamlo loMbutho ka-1971 (FECA). I-FECA ilinganisela ukuba yimali engakanani na umntu ngamnye nemibutho yezobupolitika enokuyinika umtyunjwa obalekela kwisikhundla sikarhulumente. I-FEC ngumbutho ozimeleyo ojongene nolawulo lomthetho wezemali olawulwa yize ugunyaziswe nokugunyaziswa kwephulo lezelo lemali.

IKhomishini yoNnyulo yoManyano

I-FEC inemikhomishinala emithandathu etyunjwe nguMongameli kwaye iqinisekiswe yiBhunga, engenabo abakhomishinanti abangaphezulu kwabathathu abasuka kwiqela elinye lezobupolitika. Esi sakhiwo se-bipartis sicetyelwe ukuqinisekisa okusesikweni kodwa sikwakhokelele ekubopheleleni izithuba ezithe zabekwa nguMongameli, njengoko izenzo zokunyanzelisa zifuna iivoti ezine.

Imbopheleleko ye-FEC iquka ukumisela imithetho yokutolika iphulo lezemali, ukunikela ukhokelo kumaphulo ezemali, ukuhlola iingxelo zokophula, nokuphanda okokuba kungenzeka. NgokweKhomishini yeFederal Evolution (FEC), inkoliso yokwaphula umthetho kwe-Federal Evolution Campagment Act (FACA) iphumela kwisohlwayo sasekuhlaleni, kodwa ngokwamaqhinga nangamabon ’ angaphakathi ingakhokelela ekuvalweni. I-FEC inegunya lokwamkeli oluntu kuphela kwaye isenokubhekisela kwicandelo lolwaphulo-mthetho lobugwebi.

I-FEC igcina ugcino-lwazi lukawonke-wonke lwenkcazelo yezemali yephulo, ivumela abemi, intatheli kunye nabaphandi ukuba bahlole ukuba ngubani oxhasa inkxaso-mali nendlela esetyenziswa ngayo. Oku kusebenza njengendlela ebalulekileyo yokuhlola ukunganyaniseki kwaye kunceda abavoti benze izigqibo zolwazi.

Iingxaki Ekunyanzelweni

I-FEC iye yagxekwa ngenxa yokungaqiniseki kwemithetho yezemali yephulo. Le khomishini isoloko ibotshelelwe kwimida yabahlaseli, ingakwazi ukufikelela kwivoti ezine ezifunekayo ukusukela uphando okanye ukubeka izigwebo. Imisebenzi yekomishini maxa wambi iye yayishiya ingenayo i-demon, ithintela ukuba iqhube ishishini elisemthethweni.

Ukuntsonkotha komthetho wezemali wephulo kunye nokusungulwa kwamaqela ezobupolitika ekufumaneni indlela yokuzibamba kubangela iingxaki eziqhubekayo. Iintlobo ezintsha zemali yezopolitiko kunye nentlangano zisoloko zivavanya imida yemithetho ekhoyo. I-FEC kufuneka ijongene nokugcinwa komthetho ngokunentlonelo ngamalungelo oMphengululo wokuqala kunye nokusikelwa kwemiqathango esebenzayo koovimba kunye negunya lawo.

Unyanzeliso lukarhulumente

Imithetho yezemali yephondo inyanzeliswa ngamasebe ahlukahlukeneyo karhulumente, adla ngokubizwa ngokuba ziikhomishini zemigaqo yokuziphatha, iibhodi zezemali, okanye ucalulo lonyulo.

Uphuhliso lomgangatho weli lizwe lakutshanje lubonisa ingqalelo eqhubekayo kunyanzeliso lomthetho nokubonakala. Ama- States agxininisa ngokungakumbi kwiimfuno zokutyhilwa, ingakumbi kwinkcitho ezizimeleyo nakumaphulo okuchola, ukuqinisekisa ukuba abavoti bafumana ulwazi malunga nokuba ngubani oxhasa umsebenzi wezobupolitika.

Izindululo Zotshintsho Nempikiswano Eqhubekayo

Imali yephulo iseyenye yezona mbambano zidala ingxabano kwezobupolitika zaseMerika, neempikiswano eziqhubekayo ngendlela yokulungelelanisa inkululeko yokuthetha, ukulingana kwezobupolitika nokuthintelwa korhwaphilizo.

Utshintsho Olucetyiswayo

Various reform proposals have been advanced to address concerns about money in politics. These include:

  • [[UMTHETHO:0] Imida yegalelo elibolileyo: Ukunciphisa umthamo womntu ngamnye kunye nemibutho enokufak' isandla kumaphulo neekomiti
  • [[UMTL:0] Utyhilo olucacileyo: Lufuna uluvo olubanzi nolufike ngexesha elililo lwenkcitho yezopolitiko, kuquka iPices namaqela emali amnyama
  • Ulwandiso lwemali yemali: Ukudala okanye ukwandisa iinkqubo zenkxaso kawonke-wonke ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwabanikezeli babucala
  • Isivumelwano sokulungisa iprojekthi: Ukuphendla umGaqo-siseko ukuvumela umgaqo omkhulu wokusebenzisa nokubhukuqa iphulo njengeMasipala aManyeneyo
  • Uthelekiso oluncinci lomnikeli: Ukunika urhulumente izimali ezingqinelanayo ukwenzela iminikelo emincinci ukwandisa amazwi abemi abaqhelekileyo
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukusetyenziswa kwemali yezopolitiko exhasweyo: Imibutho efuna ukuchaza iindleko zayo zezobupolitika ukwenzela ababambi-nxaxheba

Ezi zicombululo ziquka ukuqinisekisa ukuba bhetyebhetye kwimali nakwiindleko zezopolitiko, ukubeka imida esengqiqweni kuloo nkxaso-mali nakumazwe akhuthazayo kunye nemimandla ukwamkela inkxaso-mali kawonke-wonke yonyulo. ICLC inceda ekumiseleni imigaqo enjalo kwiphondo, kumgangatho wommandla kunye norhulumente, kwaye isebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuba iKhomishini yeCandelo leNkcubeko iqinisekisa ukuba imithetho yezemali yangoku.

Iimpikiswano Zokuchaswa Nokuchaswa Kotshintsho

Abaxhasi bemiqathango yezemali engqongqo baphikisa ngelithi ukusetyenziswa ngokungenalusini kwabantu abazizityebi kunye nemibutho yonakalisa idemokhrasi, kubangela ukuba abantu abaqhelekileyo bangabi namazwi, kwaye kudala inkqubo apho amagosa anyuliweyo asabela ngakumbi kubanikeli kunabo bavotayo. Baphikisa ngelithi imithetho esengqiqweni isenokunciphisa ukonakala nokulingana kwezobupolitika ngaphandle kokubeka imiqathango ecacileyo

Abachasi bomthetho ongqongqo bathi iphulo lokusebenzisa imali liluhlobo lokuthetha kwezobupolitika olukhuselwe yiSihlaziyo sokuqala, kwaye imiqathango yokusebenzisa imali elinganiselweyo yabemi ukuba bangene kwingxoxo yezopolitiko. Baphikisa ngelithi iimfuno zokutyhila zinika ukubonakala okwaneleyo, kwaye imigudu yokulinganisela ukusetyenziswa kwemali ayihambelani nemithetho esesikweni nengasebenziyo, njengoko imali ifumana iindlela zokufumana iindlela zokuchana nemithetho.

Le ngxoxo ibonisa ungquzulwano olusisiseko kwingcamango yedemokhrasi phakathi kwenkululeko nokulingana, phakathi kokukhusela amalungelo abantu kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kwemali ngokwabo ngokweqela. Abantu abahlukeneyo bawalinganisa ngokwahlukileyo la maxabiso, nto leyo ekhokelela ekungavumelani okuqhubekayo ngendima efanelekileyo yemali kwezobupolitika.

Iimbono Zehlabathi Ngemali Yephulo

Ukuhlolisisa indlela amanye amazwe alawula ngayo inkxaso yemali yephulo kunikela ingxelo eluncedo nemizekelo enokuba yeyokuguqula izinto.

Ulawulo lolawulo-melo lumisela imida engqongqo ekusebenziseni iphulo, kungekhona iminikelo nje kuphela. Ngokomzekelo, uBukumkani baseUnited Kingdom bulinganisela ukuba baninzi kangakanani abo baza kubhaptizwa kunye namaqela anokuchitha ngexesha lephulo.

Wambi amazwe avala okanye abeke imiqathango eqatha yokubhengeza kwezobupolitika okuhlawulwayo kumabonwakude nakunomathotholo, endaweni yoko alungiselele amatheko nabo batshate ixesha lenqwelo - moya elikhululekileyo.

Imali kawonke-wonke ixhaphakile kwaye inesisa ngakumbi kwezinye idemokhrasi ezininzi. Amazwe anjengeJamani neSweden anika amaqela ezobupolitika inkxaso engakumbi ngokusekelwe kwimisebenzi yawo yokukhetha, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwamaqela kubantu abanikela ngenkxaso yabucala.

Le mizekelo yehlabathi ibonisa ukuba iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufikelela inkxaso-mali yephulo zinokwenzeka yaye inkqubo yaseMerika imela ukhetho oluthile ngendlela yokulungelelanisa imilinganiselo ekhuphisanayo. Kodwa ke, ukwahluka kwimiqathango yesiseko, izithethe zezobupolitika, kunye neenkqubo zamajelo eendaba kuthetha ukuba ukufikelela kwimpumelelo kwamanye amazwe kusenokungaguquleli ngqo eUnited States.

Ukhokelo Olusebenzisekayo Kubemi

Ukuqonda imali yephulo kunika abemi amandla okusebenzisa inkqubo yezobupolitika, enoba ngabavoti, abanikeli okanye abameli botshintsho.

Uphando ngenkcazelo yemali yephulo

Abahlali bangafumana iinkcukacha ngemali yephulo ngoovimba abaninzi. IKhomishini yoNnyulo yoManyano igcina isiseko sogcino-lwazi esiphengululwayo ku FEC.gov apho abasebenzisi bangakhangela khona iminikelo kwimali echithwa ngabatshayeli besizwe, amaqela, kunye neekomiti. Inxuwa livumela ukuphengululwa ngumnikezeli, umni, ikomiti, okanye indawo yengingqi.

Imibutho enjenge-OpenSecrets.org (iqhutywa liZiko leResponsive Politics) iqokelela kwaye ihlalutya ugcino-lwazi lwezemali, ikwenza kube lula ukuqonda iindlela zokupha nokuchitha imali. Ezi ndawo zinika imidibaniso yobuhlobo nohlalutyo olunokunceda abemi balapho baqonde ukuba ngawaphi amaphulo emali kunye nezinto ezinomdla ezimele zimelwe.

Unyulo lukarhulumente nolokuhlala, uninzi lwamazwe lugcina ijelo lezemali ngeeofisi zonyulo okanye ngeekhomishini zemigaqo. Umgangatho nokufumaneka kwezi zixhobo zogcino-lwazi kuyahluka, kodwa ngoku uninzi lwamazwe lunikezela ngeengxelo zemali ezifumaneka kwijelo lemali.

Ukwenza Izigqibo Ezisekelwe Kulwazi

Inkcazelo yemali yemali yenkcitho ingazisa izigqibo zokuvota ngeendlela ezininzi. Ukuhlolisisa imali oza kubhalisa angayibonisa ukuba ziziphi izilangazelelo ezinokumelwa yiyo nemigaqo enokubaxhasa. Umhlolokazi oxhaswa kakhulu ngushishino oluthile usenokuba nokwenzeka ngakumbi ukuxhasa ukhetho lwenkqubo yoshishino.

Ngoko, ulwazi lwezehlo lwemali kufuneka luqwalaselwe ngaphandle kwezinye izinto, kuquka indawo echaziweyo yabavoti, iirekhodi, iimfaneleko, kunye nobuntu. Imithombo exhasayo liceba elinye lolwazi phakathi kwabavoti abaninzi abafanele baluqwalasele.

Ukuba Nenxaxheba Ekunikeleni

Iminikelo kufuneka ithatyathwe yimali yobuqu, kungekhona kwimali yeshishini okanye yemibutho. Abanikazi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba bahlala phakathi kwemiqathango yomnikelo kwaye banike inkcazelo echanileyo xa besenza iminikelo.

Abanikeli abancinane bangenza impembelelo enentsingiselo, ingakumbi kwimida yasekuhlaleni okanye kwiinkqubo ezifanayo ezincinane. Kwaneminikelo encinane, xa ibekwe ngaphaya kwabanikeli abaninzi, inokuba luncedo kumaphulo. Ngoku amaphulo amaninzi akwenza kube lula ukunikela ngexabiso elincinane kwi-intanethi, ukunciphisa imiqobo yokubamba inxaxheba.

Ukuxhasa Utshintsho

Iintsebenziswano ezixhalabisa ngendima yemali kwezobupolitika zinokuxhasa utshintsho ngemijelo eyahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka ukuxhasa abo bajolise phambili kwiphulo lezemali, ukuqhagamshelana namagosa anyuliweyo ukuze avakalise iimbono zawo kulo mba, nokuxhasa imibutho esebenzela utshintsho.

Imibutho emininzi ijolise ingqalelo kutshintsho lwezemali, kuquka Iliko lomthetho , Isizathu esiqhelekileyo, uluntu, kunye neNkcitho Yodwa. La maqela aqhuba uphando, axhasa utshintsho lwemigaqo-nkqubo, kwaye akhuthaza ukunyanzeliswa nokuqinisa imithetho yezemali.

Kumgangatho wesizwe nowasekuhlaleni, abemi bangaxhasa amanyathelo okulungisa inkxaso-mali yezemali yephulo, eye yadlula kwimimandla emininzi. Ii- Grassroot zobugcisa bunempumelelo kuphuhliso lweenguqu kuquka imiqathango yomnikelo, iimfuno zokutyhilwa, kunye neenkqubo zemali kawonke-wonke.

Isiphelo

Imali yenkamzampane imela enye yeenkalo ezintsonkothileyo nezineziphumo eziphambili zedemokhrasi yale mihla. Indlela amaphulo axhaswa ngayo ngemali ichaphazela abo banokubhatala, abafikelela kwisikhundla, abafumana isigidimi, ekugqibeleni, abalawulayo kunye nemigaqo emiselwayo. Ukuqonda imithombo yenkxaso yephulo, isiseko somthetho esilawula iminikelo nenkcitho, kunye nabadlali ababandakanyekileyo ekuhlawuleni unyulo lwemali kubalulekile kubami abanolwazi ngemali.

Inkqubo yangoku ibonisa indlela ekhethekileyo yokulungelelanisa imilinganiselo ekhuphisanayo: inkululeko yokuthetha nokuthabatha inxaxheba kwezobupolitika, ukuthintelwa korhwaphilizo nokulingana kwezobupolitika. Ezi zinto zibandakanya imiqathango yokubonelela, iimfuno, iinkqubo zezemali kawonke-wonke, nezigqibo zenkundla ezichaza ukukhuselwa komGaqo-siseko kwemali yezopolitiko.

Kule ngxoxo iqhubekayo ephathelele ukuhlaziywa kwemali yezemali iphakamisa imibuzo ebalulekileyo ngedemokhrasi kunye nomelo. Ngaba kufuneka kuthintelwe ukuba abantu kunye nemibutho ingakanani enokuyisebenzisela ukuphembelela unyulo? Singaqinisekisa njani ukuba abemi abaqhelekileyo baneenjongo ezithile kwinkqubo yezopolitiko?

Njengabemi, singazifundisa ngale mibuzo ngezemali zamaphulo, sisebenzise ulwazi olukhoyo ukuze senze izigqibo zokuvota ngolwazi, sibe nenxaxheba kwinkqubo yezopolitiko njengabanikeli okanye amatsha - ntliziyo ukuba sikhetha, kwaye sikhuthaze utshintsho esikholelwa ukuba luya kuyiphucula inkqubo. Indima yemali kwezobupolitika iya kuqhubeka iguquka, ibunjwe yinkqubela engokomthetho, iinguqu zezobugcisa, kunye nokudityaniswa kwezentlalo. Ngokuqonda indlela amaziko axhaswa ngayo, singaba nenxaxheba ngakumbi ekuguquleleni ukuba indaleko kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi neyopolitiki emelayo.

Ulwazi olungakumbi ngemithetho yezempempe-mali yephondo kunye nokufumana inkxaso-mali, tyelela i-website yeKhomishini yoNkqulo yeFomati. Ukulandelela imali kwezobupolitika kunye nokuhlalutya imigaqo yezemali, ukuvavanya ubuncwane kwi-openserets. org. Kulwazi malunga nemigudu yezemali yezemali yokuphucula iziphumo, tyelela iZiko lezezempiliso lezemali [[FLT: 4.]