Table of Contents

Umgaqo wokukhusela okulinganayo umi njengenye yezona mpawu zisisiseko zolawulo-demokhrasi lwale mihla. Oorhulumente ehlabathini lonke baye bavelisa iinkqubo ezibanzi zomthetho kunye nobuchule bokuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abantu, kungakhathaliseki imvelaphi yabo okanye iimpawu zabo, bafumana ukuphathwa ngokusesikweni nokungaguquguqukiyo phantsi komthetho. Oku kuhlolisisa ngokunzulu indlela oorhulumente abasebenzisa ngayo imigaqo elinganayo yokukhusela, iziseko ezisemthethweni ezixhasa le migudu, iingxaki abajamelana nazo, kunye nomsebenzi oqhubekayo ofunekayo ukuze bavelise ibutho labantu abanobulungisa bokwenyaniso.

Ukuqonda Ukhuseleko Olulinganayo: Imigaqo Yembali Nemimiselo

I-Acimime Protection Claus, eyasebenza ngo-1868, inika "kungabikho naliphi na iLizwe ... liyakukhanyela nawuphi na umntu okwigunya lakhe ukukhuselwa okufanayo kwemithetho." Eli lungiselelo lomGaqo-siseko lavela kwiziphumo zeMfazwe yamakhaya yaseMerika kwaye limele ixesha lokutshintsha kwimbali esemthethweni. Iyalela ukuba abantu abakuzo iimeko ezifanayo baphathwe ngokulinganayo ngomthetho.

Ukhuseleko olulinganayo lusisiqinisekiso somgaqo-siseko sokuba akukho mntu okanye iqela eliza kukhanyelwa ukhuseleko phantsi komthetho olunanditshwa ngabantu abafanayo okanye amaqela. Ngamanye amazwi, abantu ababekwe ngendlela efanayo mabaphathwe ngendlela efanayo. Lo mgaqo udlulela ngaphaya kokulingana okusesikweni okusesikweni ukuquka okungalinganiyo kokusesikweni ngendlela imithetho esetyenziswa ngayo kwaye inyanzeliswe ngayo kunqumla inani labantu abahlukeneyo.

Eyona nto iphambili ebangela eli binzana yayikukuqinisekisa ukuba amalungiselelo okulingana aqulethwe kuMthetho wamaLungelo ka-1866, oqinisekisa ukuba bonke abemi balapho banelungelo lokukhuselwa ngendlela efanayo ngumthetho. Umongo wembali utyhila ukuba ukhuseleko olulinganayo luvela kwimfuneko ekhethekileyo yokulungisa ucalucalulo lobuhlanga, kodwa isicelo salo siye sakhula kakhulu ekuhambeni kwexesha ukukhusela amaqela amaninzi kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuphathwa ngokungekho bulungisa.

Intsingiselo ye-Avince Protection Claus ibingumbandela wengxoxo enkulu, kwaye yakhuthaza ibinzana elaziwayo elithi "IJaji ePhantsi koMthetho". Eli binzana, libhalwe kwisakhiwo seNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseUnited States, lichaza injongo enqwenelekayo yenkqubo yomthetho ewiselwe ekugqibeleni nasekulinganiseni.

Isiseko somGaqo-siseko kunye neMisebenzi yeSisakhelo soMgaqo-siseko

IsiHlomelo Seshumi Elinane Nenyathelo Lesizwe

I-Acimity Protection Claus iyinxalenye yecandelo lokuqala loMgaqo-siseko weshumi elinesine. Oku kulungisa kwabuguqula ngokusisiseko unxulumano phakathi kwamalungelo omntu ngamnye namandla karhulumente. Ngokupheleleyo, uLawulo lweshumi elinesine lwaphawula ukutshintshwa okukhulu komgaqo-siseko waseMerika, ngokusebenzisa imiqathango eninzi ngokubhekiselele kumazwe kunokuba kwakunjalo ngaphambi kwemfazwe yamakhaya.

Isenzo esithintelwayo licandelo lokuqala leMimiselo-Mpanzi yeshumi elinesine sisenzo esifana neso saseUnited States. Oko kuHlolwa-mthetho akulokhuselo kwihambo yabucala, nakanjani na ukuba kulula okanye kuphosakele. Le mfundiso yesizwe iqinisekisa ukuba ukhuseleko olulinganayo ngokuyintloko lunyanzelisa imikhosi yoorhulumente kunabantu ngabanye, nangona oorhulumente benokulawula ucalucalulo lwangasese ngezinye iinkqubo zomthetho.

Ukukhuselwa Okulinganayo Ngohlaziyo Lwesihlanu

Ngoxa uLawulo lweMimiselo yeshumi elinesine lusebenza koorhulumente bakarhulumente, urhulumente wesizwe ujongene nezithintelo ezifanayo ngelungiselelo elahlukileyo lomgaqo-siseko. INkundla yalwaphula ucalulo lohlanga kwizikolo zikawonke-wonke kwi-D.C. njengokwaphula umthetho weSibonelo soMgqibelo seNkqutyana yesihlanu, ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo efunekayo iquka isiqinisekiso sokukhuselwa ngokulinganayo. Ingqiqo zokukhuselwa ngokulinganayo nenkqubo efanelekileyo, zombini ukukhuselwa kwemilinganiselo yethu yokusesikweni yaseMerika, aziphelelanga kumntu omnye.

Le nkqubela iqinisekisa ukuba urhulumente wesizwe akanakubandakanyeka kuqheliselo lokucalucalulo oluya kwalelwa kumazwe phantsi koMthetho weMiqathango weshumi elinesine, nto leyo eya kwenza isiseko esibanzi sokhuseleko olulinganayo kuwo onke amanqanaba karhulumente.

Imigangatho yamalungelo abantu ehlabathi

Ukulingana nokungacalucalucalulo kuchazwe njengamalungelo abantu asisiseko yiSindululo Somhlaba Wonke Samalungelo Abantu (UDHR). Ngoxa iUDHR ingabopheleleki, amazwe enza isibopho sokuxhasa loo malungelo ngokusetyenziswa kwezivumelwano zamalungelo abantu bezizwe ngezizwe. Ezi zivumelwano zezizwe ngezizwe zinikela inkxaso eyongezelelekileyo kwimigudu yokhuseleko lwasekhaya elinganayo kwaye zidala iinkqubo zokuziphendulela koorhulumente ehlabathini lonke.

Amazwe asemhlabeni wonke aye adibanisa imigaqo yokukhusela elinganayo kwimimiselo yawo yomgaqo-siseko. UmGaqo-siseko wePhilippines ka 1987 unika isiseko sobume, uqinisekisa ukuba bonke abantu baza kuba nelungelo lokukhusela ngokulinganayo kwimithetho (Article III, Icandelo 1). Oku kubonisa indlela ukhuseleko olulinganayo lwendalo yonke oluye lwaba ngumgaqo ogqitha imida yesizwe nezithethe zomthetho.

Imigangatho yophando lwezeejaji neMigangatho eMthethweni

Iinkundla ziye zavelisa iindlela ezintsonkothileyo zokuvavanya enoba izahlulo zikarhulumente ziyayichaphaza imigaqo yokukhusela elinganayo. Ezi zicwangciso ziyaqonda ukuba asiyonto yonke iiyantlukwano ezibangelwa ngumthetho ebangela ingxaki ngokwemvelo, kodwa ezinye zifuna uhlolo olucokisekileyo kunezinye.

Impinda Esisiseko

Imithetho emininzi ivavanywa phantsi kohlolisiso olubizwa ngokuba "lusekelwe kwisiseko esiqhelekileyo". Apha, nasiphi na isizathu esivakalayo nesifanelekileyo socalulo sanele ukunikezela ngomGaqo-siseko. Lo mlinganiselo uthe kratya usebenza kuwona mthetho uninzi wezoqoqosho nowentlalo, uqonda ukuba izindlu zowiso-mthetho kufuneka zibe nengcelele ukucombulula iingxaki zenkqubo ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Umthetho wecawa, ocalucalula abanye nokhetha abanye, walelwe; kodwa umthetho othi, ekuphumezeni injongo kawonke-wonke, ulinganiselwe ekusebenzeni kwawo, ukuba kukwindawo yawo uchaphazela ngokufanayo bonke abantu abakumgangatho ofanayo, awukho ngaphakathi kwentelekelelo. Lo mgaqo uyavuma ukuba oorhulumente kufuneka benze izahlulo ukuze basebenze ngokunempumelelo, kodwa ezo zicalulo kufuneka zifeze iinjongo ezisemthethweni kwaye zisebenze ngokungaguqukiyo.

Ubalo olude lohlelo

Imithetho exhomekeke kwizixhobo ezibizwa ngokuba yi "sospect" ivavanywa phantsi "uhlolo olunzulu". Apha, urhulumente kufuneka abe nezizathu ezibalulekileyo okanye ezinyanzelisayo zokuthethelela ucalulo, kwaye ucalulo kufuneka lulungiselelwe ngenyameko ukulungiselela ezo zizathu. Oku kunyanzelisa uxanduva olufuna intlawulo olungakumbi ukuba iintlobo ezithile zolwahlulo ziye zasetyenziswa ngokwembali ekucinezeleni amaqela angenazikhuseli.

Ngokuqwalasela imbali ye-Compality Protection Claus, akumangalisi ukuba uhlanga nemvelaphi yesizwe zirhanelwa. Kodwa iNkundla ikwathi ubufanasini, ukufuduka, kunye nokuma kweqhina lomtshato kufanelekile ekuzalweni njengeenkqubo ezirhanelwayo. Ukwanda kolwandiso lwemiba erhanelwayo kubonisa indlela imfundiso efana ngayo neyokukhusela eyaqala ukuchaza ucalucalulo olungaphaya kwenkxalabo yayo yasekuqaleni yokulingana kweentlanga.

Yonke imiqathango esemthethweni enciphisa amalungelo obuhlanga olunye ngoko nangoko iyakrokra kwaye kufuneka ihlolwe ngokungqongqo. Noko ke, imfuneko yoluntu enyanzelekileyo ngamanye amaxesha ingakuthethelela ubukho bemiqathango enjalo. Lo mlinganiselo umisela umgaqo ophezulu kakhulu wokusebenzisa udidi lukarhulumente, nangona uvuma ukuba iimeko ezingaqhelekanga zinokuwavumela ngamanye amaxesha amanyathelo anjalo.

Imithetho echasene nocalulo kunye noKhuselo lwamaqela

Oorhulumente baye bamisela iinkqubo ezibanzi zomthetho zokumisela imigaqo yokukhusela elinganayo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Le mithetho idala imigaqo ekhethekileyo yokukhusela amaqela aziwayo nokumisela iinkqubo zokunyanzelisa ukuthobela.

Ukukhuselwa Kocalucalulo Lomsebenzi

Isihloko VII soMthetho wamaLungelo ka-1964 (Isihloko VII), esenza kube kokungekho mthethweni ukucalula umntu ngesizinzi sohlanga, imibala, unqulo, isini (kuquka ukukhulelwa, imbonakalo yesondo, kunye nemvelaphi yesizwe). Lo mthetho wesibonelelo wamisela ukhuseleko olubanzi kumongo wengqesho kwaye wadala isiseko semigudu yolwa nocalulo-calucalulo elandelayo.

IAge Discrection in Account Act (ADEA) yowe-1967 ngumthetho wesizwe olwalela ucalucalulo kwabasebenzi abaneminyaka engama-40 ubudala okanye ngaphezulu. Isebenza kubaqeshi abaneminyaka engama-20 nangaphezulu, kuquka iinkampani ezizimeleyo, oorhulumente, abameli bemisebenzi, imibutho yemisebenzi, kunye norhulumente wesizwe.

ISihloko se-I samaMerika anoMthetho weNguqu-guquka ka-1990 (ADA), nto leyo ekwenza kube nzima ukucalula umntu onesiphene kwiinkampani zabucala, kurhulumente wasekuhlaleni, noorhulumente basekuhlaleni. I-ADA ingumgudu obanzi wokuqinisekisa ukuba abantu abaneziphene banokufumana amathuba alinganayo emisebenzi kunye nendawo yokulala emsebenzini.

UMthetho wePay olinganayo ka-1963, okwenza kube kokungekho mthethweni ukuhlawula imivuzo eyahlukeneyo kumadoda namabhinqa ukuba asebenza umsebenzi ofanayo emsebenzini omnye. Lo mthetho uthetha ngohlobo oluthile localulo lwesini oluye lwabonwa ngamabhinqa asweleyo ngokwembali kwimisebenzi.

Isihloko II seThe Genetic Information Nondiscriniation Act ka-2008 (GINA), ekwenza kube nzima ukucalula abasebenzi okanye abafaki-zicelo ngenxa yolwazi lwemfuza. Ulwazi lwemfuza luquka ulwazi olumalunga neemvavanyo zofuzo zomntu ngamnye kunye neemvavanyo zemfuza zentsapho yomntu ngamnye, kwakunye nolwazi malunga nasiphi na isifo, ukugula okanye imeko yamalungu entsapho yomntu (umz. imbali yezamayeza omntu ngamnye). Le ngxelo iphambili yokukhangela iidilesi zokhuseleko lwemfuzaliso yomntu ngamnye kunye neemvo yemfuzo yemfuzo, kwakunye nolwazi malunga nenkcazelo ephathelele yokungasetyenziswa kakubi kwemizimba kwizigqibo zemisebenzi.

Imisebenzi yesakhelo engaphezulu:

Umthetho ochasene nocalucalulo okanye umthetho ongengowezozozohlwayo ubhekisela kumthetho owenzelwe ukuthintela ucalucalulo kumaqela athile abantu; la maqela asoloko ebizwa njengamaqela akhuselekileyo okanye iiklasi ezikhuselweyo. Imithetho yokulwa nohlanga iyahluka ngokolawulo olunxulumene nohlobo localulo olungavumelekanga, kwanamaqela akhuselwa nguloo mthetho. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi ntlobo zomthetho zenzelwe ukuthintela ucalucalulo emsebenzini, izindlu, imfundo, nezinye iindawo zobomi boluntu, njengeendawo zokuhlala zikawonke wonke.

Ukucalucalulwa kwezindlu kunokuthintela abantu ukuba bafumane ulwazi namathuba okuhlala, yaye ucalucalulo kwiindawo zoluntu lunokwenza abantu bangabandakanyeki ngokupheleleyo kwimicimbi yoluntu.

Ubuchule obunyanzelwayo noorhulumente

Urhulumente uye wamisela amasebe akhethekileyo neenkqubo zokuphanda izikhalazo zocalucalulo, ukunyanzelisa ukuthotyelwa nokucombulula ukwaphulwa komthetho.

Ikhomishini yamathuba omsebenzi alinganayo

I-EEOC imisa imithetho karhulumente enxamnye nocalucalulo lomsebenzi nokukhathazwa. Eli qumrhu lizimeleyo lisebenza njengenkqubo ephambili yokunyanzelisa ukucalucalulwa kwemisebenzi, iphanda izikhalazo nokulandela ukuphunyezwa kwemithetho esemthethweni xa kuyimfuneko.

Ityala kufuneka ligcinwe nge-EEOC ngeentsuku ezili-180 ukusuka kumhla wokwaphulwa, ukuze kukhuselwe amalungelo omntu ochaphazelekayo. Eli xesha leentsuku ezili-180 linyuselwa kwiintsuku ezingama-300 ukuba ityala ligqunywe ngumthetho wesizwe okanye wolwahlulelo lwasekuhlaleni. Ezi mfuneko zomthetho ziqinisekisa ukuba uphando olufike ngexesha elifanelekileyo localulo loxa kugcinwa ubungqina kunye nobungqina.

Amaphondo amaninzi kunye nemimandla anemithetho echasene nocalucalulo kunye namaqumrhu ajongene nokunyanzelwa kwaloo mithetho. I-EOC ibhekisela kwaba bameli njenge "Izenzo Zomsebenzi Womsebenzi Owenzayo). Ngokusetyenziswa "kokwabelana ngezivumelwano," iEOC kunye neFEPAs ziyakuphepha ukukhuselwa kwemigudu ngoxa ngelo xesha ziqinisekisa ukuba amalungelo eqela elikhohlakeleyo akhuselwe phantsi komthetho worhulumente norhulumente. Le migaqo yentsebenziswano ikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa komsebenzi wabeko kunyusa ugcino-mali kwaye iqinisekisa ukukhuselwa

ISebe leMicimbi yoLuntu loLuntu

ISebe leSivumelwano samaLungu eZiko loLuntu lixhalabele ukuba ucalucalulo lwesizwe lungaxelwa eUnited States ngenxa yokuba amaxhoba ocalulo engawazi amalungelo awo asemthethweni, okanye asenokuba noloyiko lokukhalaza kurhulumente. Ukuphendula le ngxaki, iNational Origin Working Group Iqela elinoXokelelayo lizinzile ukunceda abemi bamazwe bawaqonde kakuhle yaye bawasebenzise amalungelo abo asemthethweni.

Kwezinye iimeko, icandelo lingabandakanyeka kuphela ukuba kukho "umzekelo okanye umkhwa" wocalulo. "umzekelo okanye umqheliso" ngokuqhelekileyo uthetha ukuba kukho okungaphezulu kwesehlo esinye socalulo, kwaye kukho inkqubo okanye ihambo ephindaphindiweyo ekhupha ucalucalulo. Lo mgangatho uvumela iSebe lezobulungisa ukuba licombulule ucalucalulo oluchaphazela abantu abaninzi okanye uluntu.

I-ofisi yeeNkqubo zeKhompathimenti yoMbutho woManyano

IKhomishini ye-U.S. Elinganisa i-Oficity Opportunity Commission, enyanzelisa imithetho echasene nolwaphulo-mthetho abaqeshi babucala kwaye ihlola inkxalabo yocalulo ngabaqeshi boluntu ngenxa yokubekwa phantsi kweSebe loBulunga be-U.S. kunye neSebe leSebe leSebe leSebe leMsebenzi leCompactal Compaliance Programs, eqinisekisa ukuba iintsebenzi zikarhulumente zikarhulumente zanelise ulwanothiyo kunye neemfuno zezenzo zokuvuma.

Iimeko Zophawu Lwasezweni Ezabumba Ukhuseleko Olulinganayo

Izigqibo zomthetho ziye zaphembelela kakhulu indlela imigaqo yokukhusela elinganayo eqondwa nesetyenziswa ngayo. La matyala aphawulekayo abonisa indaleko yemfundiso yokukhuselwa ngokulinganayo nokwanda kwayo.

Brown v. ibhodi yemfundo: Ukujika Ngokwahlukeneyo Kodwa Okulinganayo

KwiPlesty v. Ferguson (1896), iNkundla yalawula ngevoti engu7-1 ebizwa ngokuba "Ihlukene kodwa ilingana" namaziko (kulo mzekelo, iinqwelo-mafutha ezihambayo) abantsundu nabamhlophe abazange baphule i-Commometic Protection Clause. Isigqibo saququzelelwa kwindawo enobuhlanga uJim Crow-era. Esi sigqibo samela incam esezantsi ekukhuseleni i-jurisprudence, sivumela i-canment yohlanga phantse iminyaka engamashumi amathandathu.

U-Plesty wahlala engumthetho welizwe de kwango1954, xa yawiswa umthetho ophezulu kwiBrown v. Board of Education. INkundla ePhakamileyo yasilawula kunye ingcamango kaPasley yaza yathi izikolo ezahlukeneyo zabantsundu nabamhlophe zaphula i-Concible Protection Clause. Brown yaba yindawo yokutshintsha okupheleleyo kunyaka wonke wokulwa ukuphelisa idemodeli emiselwe ngurhulumente, kungekuphela nje ezikolweni kodwa kulo lonke ibutho labantu baseMerika.

Ucalucalulo lwabantwana kwizikolo zikawonke wonke ngenxa yohlanga kuphela luthintela abantwana beqela elincinane lamathuba alinganayo emfundo, kwanokuba izakhiwo zokoqobo nezinye izinto ezibonakalayo zinokuba ziyalingana. Oku kuqwalaselwa kokungalingani okuthetha ukungalingani komthetho-siseko oguquliweyo nokwahlula icandelo lamalungelo abantu.

Ukwandisa Ukhuseleko Ngaphandle Kohlanga

Inkundla ePhakamileyo yeSiviko neVirginia yathi imithetho ekwalela ukutshata abantu abavela kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo yayaphula iNkundla elinganayo. Esi sigqibo sabonisa ukuba ikhuselwa ngendlela efanayo kwizinto ezisondeleleneyo umntu akhetha ngazo yaye ukwahlulwa kohlanga akunakusetyenziswa ukumisela amalungelo asisiseko.

ISinyuso seshumi elinesine sifuna ukuba urhulumente avume umtshato phakathi kwabantu ababini besini esifanayo nokuwuqaphela umtshato phakathi kwabantu besini esinye xa umtshato wabo ugunyazisiwe ngokusemthethweni kwaye usenziwa ngaphandle kwesizwe. Oku kwandiswa kokhuseleko olulinganayo kwizibini ezingokwasemgangathweni omnye e-Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) ibonisa indlela imfundiso yokukhusela elinganayo eqhubeka ivela ukuze ithethe ngocalucalucalulo lwexesha langoku.

Isiqinisekiso somGaqo-siseko sokhuseleko olulinganayo lwemithetho asijoliswanga kuphela kucalulo phakathi kwabamhlophe namaMelika aseAfrika. Lo mgaqo, omiselwe eHernandez v. Texas (1954), wavuma ukuba ukhuseleko olulinganayo ludlulela kuwo onke amaqela ajongene nocalulo, hayi nje lolo lucatshulwe ngokukhethekileyo ngabahlaziyi beMiphetho yeshumi elinesine.

Ukuphumeza iziCwangciso zoLawulo

Ngaphandle kwemithetho ekwalelwa kuyo, oorhulumente bamisela iinkqubo zokuvuma ezilungiselelwe ukukhuthaza ukulingana nokusingatha ucalucalulo olungokwembali.

Isenzo Esizinzileyo Neenkqubo Ezahlukahlukeneyo

Nangona injongo yantlandlolo yayikukukhusela abantsundu ekucalucalulweni, amagama aphangaleleyo aye akhokelela ekubeni iNkundla ePhakamileyo ikholelwe ukuba lonke ucalucalulo lobuhlanga (kuquka nolwabamhlophe, iSpanish, iAsia, kunye namaMerika Omthonyama) lurhanelwa ngokwemigaqo-siseko. Ezi zinto ziye zakhokelela kwingxoxo eqhubekayo kumashumi eminyaka amaninzi okugqibela emalunga nokuba ngaba urhulumente akavumelani na nohlanga lwabamnyama, amaSpeyin, namaMelika amaIndiya akwindawo eeyunivesithi, umsebenzi, kunye norhulumente.

Iinkqubo eziqinisekisayo zizama ukucombulula ucalucalulo lwexesha elidlulileyo nokukhuthaza iinguqu ngokuqwalasela uhlanga okanye ezinye iimpawu ezikhuselweyo njengenye into phakathi koninzi lweenkqubo zokwenza izigqibo. Ezi nkqubo zihlala ziphikisana, ngengxoxo eqhubekayo malunga nobukho bomGaqo-siseko nokusebenza kwazo.

Iinkqubo zokuvuma ekholejini zaphula umthetho weSikhuseli Esilinganayo sikaClaus xa zazingajongwanga ngokwaneleyo kwaye zingenazinjongo zifanelekileyo ezivumela ukusetyenziswa kohlanga, uhlanga oluqeshwa ngendlela engafanelekanga, lubandakanya ukuqwalaselwa ngokwee-status, kwaye lungenaziphelo zinentsingiselo. Izigqibo zeNkundla Ephakamileyo yaNgokunje ziye zabeka imida engqongqo kwindlela olunokuqwalaselwa ngayo uhlanga, ifuna ukuthunga-thunga okuthe ngqibayo nokuzithethelela okunyanzelisayo.

Ukujongwa koMphathiswa kunye noMbutho

I-EEOC ifuna abaqeshi abangaphezulu kwe-100 ukuba bangenise ingxelo yonyaka (ifomu ye-EEO-1) enika ugcino-lwazi olugxekayo lwabemi abasebenzayo. Ngexesha elizayo lokuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi lwesizwe olusemngciphekweni, amaphondo kufuneka afune ukuqokelela ugcino-lwazi olulinganayo lwemisebenzi, kuquka i-data ehlawulwayo, ukuxhasa iinkqubo zokunyanzelisa ukulwa nolwaphulo-mthetho. Ukuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi kwenza ukuba amagosa oonontlalo-mthetho akwazi ukuchonga iipayilo kunye nemithombo yexhoba ngokunempumelelo.

Uhlolisiso lwemozulu oluthe rhoqo emsebenzini lunganceda abaqeshi bachaze iindawo ezineengxaki baze baqiniseke ukuba inkxalabo yocalulo iyacocwa ngokuphanga. La manyathelo okukhusela anokubonakalisa aze acombulule ikhethe ngaphambi kokuba lizinze okanye lisasazeke.

Ukunikela Ubungqina Kuwonke - wonke Nemfundo

Iinkqubo zokufundisa zincedisa ekuqinisekiseni ukuba abantu bayakwazi ukuwaqonda amaqhinga akhoyo. Iinkqubo zemfundo nazo ziyasebenza ekuguquleni isimo sengqondo nokunciphisa ikhethe elinokukhokelela kwisimilo socalucalulo.

Iinkqubo zokuqeqesha amagosa karhulumente, ukunyanzelisa umthetho, abafundisi nabaqeshi zinceda abo basemagunyeni baqonde imilinganiselo yokukhuselwa elinganayo baze bayisebenzise kakuhle.

Ucelomngeni Oluqhubekayo Ekufumaneni Ukhuseleko Olulinganayo

Nangona kukho imigaqo ebanzi engokwasemthethweni nenkqubo yokugcinwa kwemithetho, kusekho iingxaki eziphawulekayo ekufumaneni ukhuseleko lokwenene olulinganayo kubo bonke abantu.

Ucalucalulo lwenkqubo kunye nolwakheko

Imithetho yokungavumelani nemithetho yezocalucalulo yenzelwe ukukhusela iincalulo zombini (ezinikwe ngabantu ngabanye) kunye nocalucalulo (oluvela kwiinkqubo okanye kwiinkqubo ezithintelayo amaqela athile). Iinkundla zinokuqwalasela zombini iinjongo zocalucalulo, ucalulo kunye negalelo elizohlulwayo lokugqiba enoba inyathelo elithile okanye inkqubo ethile ilwahlula.

Kusenokuba nzima ukucombulula ucalucalulo olusebuntwaneni kuba ludla ngokuba neziphumo zemigaqo-nkqubo yobundilele echaphazela ucalucalulo. Umzekelo, iimvavanyo zemisebenzi ezinganxulumenenga nomsebenzi zingangahlangani namaqela athile, okanye imithetho yokuhlanganisa isenokukhuthaza ucalucalulo lwendawo yokuhlala ngaphandle kwenjongo ecacileyo yokuzichaza.

Izithintelo zikavimba kunye neemida zokunyanzelisa

Isebe lonyanzeliso-mali elijongene nokusetyenziswa kwemisebenzi lifuna inkxaso engakumbi ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nemfuneko yokuphanda ngokuqatha nokunyanzeliswa kocalulo lwemisebenzi. Imiqathango elinganiselweyo ithetha ukuba izikhalazo ezininzi zocalulo azinakuphengululwa ngokucokisekileyo, kwaye izenzo zokunyanzelisa zisenokulityelwa okanye zixelwe phantsi ngokupheleleyo.

Ukuzalisekisa isithembiso semithetho yethu elwa nocalucalulo, imithetho kufuneka inyanzeliswe rhoqo, kwaye kufuneka ikhusele abasebenzi abaza kuphakamisa inkxalabo. Ukuze sifezekise oko, kufuneka sijongene nentloko-ntloko kwingxaki engundoqo yenkqubo ebeka umthwalo oyintloko wokunyanzelisa abasebenzi. Endaweni yoko, iinkqubo zethu zokuqinisekisa ukubekwa kufuneka zilungiswe kwakhona ukuze kuphinde kulungiswe amandla okuhlukaniswa kwaye kubekwe uxanduva oluphezulu kwizinto ezikwindawo ekucombululeni ikhethelo emsebenzini.

Ukoyika Ukubuyiselwa Nokungaxelelwanga

Abantu abaninzi abacalucalulweyo abaxeli ukuba kungenxa yokoyika ukuziphindezelela, ukuswela ulwazi ngamalungelo abo, okanye ukuthandabuza enoba izikhalazo ziya kuthathwa nzulu kusini na. Umntu ofaka isikhalazo okanye onenxaxheba kuphando lwe-EEO, okanye ochasa uqheliselo lomsebenzi owenziwe ngokungekho mthethweni phantsi kwayo nayiphi na imithetho ethi iEOC inyanzele ukuba ikhuselwe ekuziphindezeleni. Nangona ezi zikhuselwa ngokusemthethweni, ukoyika ukuziphindezela kusemqobo kungulo olubalulekileyo ekunyanzelweni.

Abafuduki kunye nabanye abantu abasengozini basenokungafuni ukunikela ingxelo yocalucalulo. Umthetho weSizwe uyalwalela ucalucalulo ngemvelaphi yesizwe, kwaye abasebenzi bakhuselwa yimithetho elinganayo ye-Oligic Obportunity kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngabemi okanye yindawo yokufuduka. Ngokunikwa utshintsho lwempatho yengi, amazwe kufuneka agxininise kwaye anyanzelise ukuphathwa ngokusesikweni kungakhathaliseki ukuba amaxwebhu akhusele abasebenzi.

Iindlela Ezimanyeneyo Zocalucalulo

Ubuxhakaxhaka buye bomeleza ulwazi namandla okusebenza njengoko abaqeshi besamkela izikrini ezisetyenziswa ngobuchule obungeyonyani kwaye abasebenzi abaphantsi kokufumana uphando olukhulayo. Ucalulo lwemithetho-mthetho lunika iingxaki ezintsha zokulungela ukugcinwa kokhuseleko olulinganayo, njengoko ialgorithm ezineengcali zinokuqhubekisela phambili okanye zandise ucalucalulo olukhoyo ngeendlela ekunzima ukuzibona nokuzingqina.

Isixokelelwano sobuchule bokwenza sisenokukhetha okusekelwe kwiimpawu ezikhuselweyo naxa ezo mpawu zingacwangciswanga ngqo kwinkqubo, njengokuba i-algoriths zingabona iinguqu zekhompyutha esebenza njengomqobo ezinxulumene neeklasi ezikhuselweyo. Ukulungisa olu hlobo localulo kufuna ubuchule obutsha kunye neendlela zokuzilungisa.

Ucalucalulo olunqamlezileyo

Abantu badla ngokucalucalulwa ngenxa yeempawu ezininzi ngaxeshanye, ngokomzekelo, ibhinqa elinemibala engafaniyo nocalucalulo olujongene namabhinqa amhlophe okanye amadoda anemibala engafaniyo. Izixhobo zokukhusela ezilinganayo, ezihlalutya ucalucalulo olusekelwe kwiempawu ezinye, zisenokuthetha ngokufanelekileyo ngezi ziganeko.

Ngokuthe ngcembe iinkqubo ezingokwasemthethweni zivelisa iindlela ezintsonkothileyo zokucalucalulo, kodwa kusekho umsebenzi obalulekileyo wokuqinisekisa ukuba abantu abajamelene nocalucalulo oluhlukahlukeneyo bafumana ikhuselo nonyango olwaneleyo.

Imigudu Yokhuseleko Engurhulumente Neyasekuhlaleni

Ngoxa umthetho karhulumente umisela isiseko sokhuseleko, oorhulumente abaninzi basekuhlaleni baye bamisela imithetho ebanzi echasene nocalucalulo engaphaya kweemfuno zikarhulumente.

Iiklasi Ezikhuselweyo

Amaphondo amaninzi nemimandla anemithetho eyandisiweyo yokhuseleko lwamazwe ngandlel ’ ithile. Umzekelo, iimpawu ezikhuselweyo zingagutyungelwa ngaphandle kwezo zichazwa ngurhulumente wesizwe, njengomtshato okanye isikhundla soburhulumente, ubude, ubunzima, izigqibo zempilo, ukusebenzisa imveliso yecuba, udidi, okanye umsebenzi wezopolitiko okanye unxulumano. Ezi ndlela zikhuselweyo zokukhusela ezinokuba nentsingiselo kwimimandla ethile nokuba azigutyungelwanga ngumthetho worhulumente.

Izinto ezifana nokukhusela abantu abakhubazekileyo okanye iimfuno ezilinganayo zemali zingaba zininzi kakhulu kuxhomekeka kwiinkcazelo zikarhulumente "zokuhlawulelwa" okanye "umvuzo olinganayo" ngokulandelelana. Ngokufanayo, nangona i-ADEA ikhusela abantu abaneminyaka engama-40 ubudala nangaphezulu, amanye amagunya angakhusela ucalucalulo lobudala ukususela kwiminyaka eli-18 ubudala okanye nakweyiphi na iminyaka. Ezi mpawu zibonisa izinto ezahlukileyo eziphambili kunye nolwaluvo localucalulo.

Umatshini Owandisiweyo

Amanye amazwe aye amisela amaziko awo alwela amalungelo abantu ngoovimba abaphezulu nanegunya eliphangaleleyo kunamaziko karhulumente. La masebe ancedisayo anokuphanda izikhalazo ngokukhawuleza, afake izigwebo ezingakumbi, aze anikele unyango olunzulu ngakumbi kunolunokuphunyezwa ngurhulumente kuphela.

Urhulumente noorhulumente basekuhlaleni bakwasebenza njengeelaboratori zedemokhrasi, bezama iindlela ezintsha zokuthintela nokulungisa ucalucalulo. Amanyathelo omgangatho ophumelelayo karhulumente anokuzisa inkqubo karhulumente kwaye anikezele ngemizekelo yezinye iindawo.

Iimbono Zamazwe Ngamazwe Ngokhuseleko Olulinganayo

Ukhuseleko olulinganayo alukho kulo naliphi na ilizwe elinelizwe elineendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo zokuqinisekisa ukuphathwa kakuhle phantsi komthetho. Uhlolisiso lwezimvo zezizwe ngezizwe lunika ingqiqo exabisekileyo kunye nemizekelo enokuba luncedo ekomelezeni ukhuseleko olulinganayo.

Imisebenzi yesakhelo somGaqo-siseko othelekisayo

Amazwe amaninzi aye afaka isiqinisekiso sokulingana kwimimiselo yawo, nangona iingcamango neenkcazelo ezingqalileyo zahluka. Eminye imimiselo ibala ngokucacileyo iimpawu ezikhuselweyo, ngoxa eminye isebenzisa ulwimi olubanzi ekuthinteleni ucalucalulo jikelele. Ezinye iinkqubo zomGaqo-siseko zimisela oorhulumente iimbopheleleko ezifanelekileyo zokukhuthaza ukulingana, kungekhona nje ukuphepha ucalucalulo.

Ngokomzekelo, iNdibano yaseYurophu yamalungelo abantu, iyalwalela ucalucalulo ekunandipheni amalungelo endibano, kwaye iNkundla yaseYurophu yamalungelo abantu iye yavelisa umthetho omkhulu wokuchaza lo mthetho. Umgaqo-siseko woMzantsi Afrika uquka omnye weyona miqathango yokulungelelana okubanzi kwehlabathi, ikhusela ngokucacileyo iimpawu ezininzi kunye nemisebenzi enzima kurhulumente nakubadlali babucala.

Ubuchule Behlabathi Bamalungelo Abantu

IZizwe Ezimanyeneyo Ezixhasa Uphuhliso Isiphumo 10 neMbango 16 zikwaxhasa imigudu yezizwe ngezizwe yokuphelisa imithetho yolwaphulo-mthetho. Ezi zicwangciso zezizwe ngezizwe zidala ubuchule bokuphendula kwaye zikhuthaza oorhulumente ukuba bomeleze iinkqubo zabo zokhuseleko ezilinganayo.

Izivumelwano zamalungelo abantu zamazwe ngamazwe zivelisa iimbopheleleko ezifuna oorhulumente bachaze imigudu yabo yokukhusela imicimbi yezizwe ngezizwe.

Uqheliselo Olulunge Ngakumbi Lokomeleza Ukhuseleko Olulinganayo

Ngokusekelwe kuphando nakumava, kuye kwavela iindlela ezininzi ezifanelekileyo koorhulumente abafuna ukukhusela abantu ngokufanayo baze baqinisekise ukuba bonke abantu baphathwa ngendlela efanelekileyo.

Ukukhusela Amandla Kunokuba Kunyanzeliswe

Kunokuba ijolise ingqalelo ekubonakaliseni ucalucalulo emva kwesibakala, imithetho yethu kufuneka ikhuthaze abaqeshi ukuba basebenzise iindlela ezilungiselelwe ukuthintela ucalucalulo, iinkqubo zokuphicotha iimfene, nokulungisa iingxaki. Le ndlela yokuthintela ingenza luncitshiswe ngakumbi ucalucalulo kunokuthembela kuphela kwizikhalazo ezithelekelelwayo nasemva kokuba umnini-ofisi efuna ukuphicotha.

Oorhulumente banokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuzikhusela, kuquka ukusetyenziswa kwemibutho efuna ukusetyenziswa ngurhulumente efuna iingxelo ezinamandla ezilwa nolwaphulo-mthetho, ukucutha iimbopheleleko zeentlangano ezisebenzisa iinkqubo zokuzikhusela ezomeleleyo, kunye neenkqubo zokwazisa ezibalaselisa izenzo ezingumzekelo.

Enye Ingxabano Yokucombulula Iindlela Zokusebenzisa Umatshini

Abaqeshi kufuneka banikele ezinye izikhalazo baze baphikisane nenkqubo yokucombulula iingxaki ezinika abasebenzi ithuba lokucombulula imicimbi yabo ngoxa bekhusela abasebenzi ekuziphindezeleni; ezi nkqubo ziquka iiofisi ezizii-ofisi eziziindleko kunye nezindlela zokunika ingxelo eyimfihlo okanye engachazwanga. Ezi zinye iindlela zokuphelisa ucalucalulo ngokukhawuleza nangoko zingekho ngqongqo kuneenkqubo ezisemthethweni.

Enye imodeli yi-ofisi ye-ombuds, esebenza njengeqela elinobundindi elinceda ekucombululeni iindlela zokucombulula inkxalabo. Abanye abaqeshi baye bamkela icandelo lesithathu lobugcisa kunye neenkqubo ezigunyazisiweyo ezisebenza njengenkqubo zokulumkisa zamandulo ngokusebenzisa ugcino-lwazi olungaziwayo nolungachaphazelekayo ukutyhila iziphumo zenkqubo nokuchonga imiba engaphakathi kwentlangano.

Uqokelelo logcino-lwazi oludityanisiweyo kunye nokubonakala ngaphaya

Ukukhusela okulinganayo kufuna ukuqonda apho ucalucalulo luvela khona nendlela olubonakala ngayo. Ukuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi olunemigaqo-nkqubo kwenza oorhulumente nemibutho ikwazi ukuchonga imilinganiselo, ungenelelo lwexhoba, kunye nenkqubela-phambili yomlinganiselo. Ukubonisa ngaphaya kolu gcino-lwazi kudala ukuphendula komntu kwaye kwenza abagcini-zikhuseli bahlole enoba ukhuseleko olulinganayo luyafumaneka kusini na.

Ukuphicothwa kwemiba elinganayo, ingxelo yamanani abantu, kunye nophando lwemozulu lungabonisa izinto ezingafaniyo ezinokuhlala zifihlakele. Ukwenza le nkcazelo ifumaneke ekuhleni, ngoxa kukhusela imfihlo yabantu ngabanye, kwenza imibutho yoluntu, abaphandi, kunye noluntu ukuba ibeke ityala lamaziko.

Oovimba abaneleyo bokunyanzelwa kwemiqathango

Kwanezona zicwangciso zomthetho zibanzi ziya kusilela ngaphandle kokunyanzeliswa okufanelekileyo. Oorhulumente kufuneka banikele inkxaso eyaneleyo kumasebe alwela amalungelo abantu ukuze aphande izikhalazo, aqhubeke nokuphulwa kwenkqubo, kwaye anike amaxhoba anokuchaphazelekayo ucalucalulo. Oku akuquki ubuncwane bemali kuphela kodwa kwanobuchule bokusingatha iindlela ezivelayo zocalulo.

Amaziko anyanzelisayo afuna abasebenzi abanobuchule obahlukeneyo, kuquka ulwazi olungokwasemthethweni, ubuchule bokuphanda, ubuchule bokuhlalutya ugcino-lwazi, nokuqonda imeko apho ucalucalulo luqhubeka khona. Ukuveliswa kweemali kula masebe kubonisa ukuzinikela korhulumente ekukhuseleni nasekuphuculeni ukuphumelela kwabo.

Ukukhusela Abantu Abanobungozi

Kufuneka kunikelwe ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kubemi abajongene nemiqobo ekhethekileyo yokufumana ukhuseleko olulinganayo, kuquka abaphambukeli, abantu abanobuchule obulinganiselweyo bamaNgesi, abantu abaneziphene nabo bakwimeko ezimaxongo zezoqoqosho. Oorhulumente kufuneka banikele iindlela ezifikelelekayo zokukhalaza, uncedo lweelwimi, kunye nokufikelela ukuqinisekisa ukuba aba bantu banokuwasebenzisa amalungelo abo.

Kufuneka ziqinise ukhuseleko kunye noqheliselo oluchasene nokubuyiselwa. Ukhuseleko oluchasene nokubuyiselwa lubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantu ababuthathaka baziva benocalucalulo olukhuselekileyo ngaphandle kokoyika iziphumo ezibi.

Indima Yoluntu Nabaqulunqi Bezoburhulumente

Ngoxa oorhulumente benembopheleleko eyintloko yokuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa ngendlela efanayo, imibutho yasekuhlaleni nabadlali abazimeleyo benza indima ebalulekileyo yokuxhasa. Ukuqonda ezi ndima kunceda ekufikeleleni ukulingana.

Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo

Imibutho yamalungelo abantu ijonge ukuthotyelwa kweembopheleleko zokhuseleko ezifanayo, ikhuthaza ukukhuselwa okunamandla, inikela uncedo olusemthethweni kumaxhoba ajongene nocalucalulo, iphakamisa uluntu ngeembambano zokulingana.

Imibutho yokwabelana ngemicimbi yorhwebo ikwasebenza njengemibutho ephakathi kwabantu abachaphazelekayo namaziko karhulumente, inceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba imigudu yokukhusela elinganayo iyasabela kwiimfuno nakumava enyani kunokuba ifumane imigaqo engokwasemthethweni engacacanga.

Imbopheleleko Yomsebenzi Nombutho Wokuzithandela

Imibutho emininzi yabucala iye yamkela iinkqubo ezichasene nocalucalulo ezingaphaya kweemfuno zomthetho, iqonda ukuba iinguqu nokufakwa kwazo kuyingenelo kwimisebenzi yazo kwaye kuyavisisana nemilinganiselo yazo. Le migudu yokuzithandela iyakwazi ukuxhasa ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kwaye idala izithethe zokulingana ezinokungafikeleli kuko.

Imilinganiselo yezoshishino, imigaqo yehambo, kunye neenkqubo zokuqinisekisa ngokuzithandela zingamisela izithethe ezikhuthaza unyango olulinganayo nakwiindawo apho iimfuno zomthetho zinokulinganiselwa. Ezi nkqubo zolawulo lwabucala zinokuba luncedo ngokukhethekileyo ekucombululeni imicimbi eqalisayo apho umthetho ungekaveli mpendulo ecacileyo.

Imfundo nophando

Imisebenzi namaziko ophando anegalelo ekukhuseleni ngokulinganayo ngokufunda ucalucalulo, ukujonga ukusebenza kweemeko, nokuqeqesha iingcali zexesha elizayo eziya kusebenzisa nokunyanzelisa imithetho efanayo yokukhusela. Uphando lweziko lungachaza iindlela ezichuliweyo zocalulo, izicombululo ezintsha, kwaye lubonelele ubungqina bokuxhasa iinguqu zenkqubo.

Kwakhona amaziko emfundo abumba isimo sengqondo nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, enceda ekudaleni izizukulwana zabemi ezizinikele ekulinganani nasekuxhobeleni ukugqalwa kocalucalulo nokucel ’ umngeni ngokwemeko yazo.

Ulwalathiso Neengxaki Eziza Kuvela Kwixesha Elizayo

Ukhuseleko olulinganayo kufuneka luqhubeke luguquka ukuze lucombulule uhlobo olutsha localulo kunye nokutshintsha kweemeko zentlalo. Imibandela emininzi evelayo izakubumba ikamva lemigudu yokukhusela efanayo.

Ubuxhakaxhaka kunye nobulungisa bemithetho-mthetho

Njengokuba ubukrelekrele obungebobobobodwa kunye neenkqubo zokwenziwa kwesigqibo ezizenzekelayo zisanda, ziqinisekisa ukuba obu bugcisa abuqhubeli phambili okanye abenzi lucalucalulo olunocelomngeni olubalulekileyo. Oorhulumente baqalisa ukuvelisa iinkqubo zolawulo ngokusesikweni kwemithetho-mthetho, kodwa umsebenzi obalulekileyo usaqhubeka ukwenza iinkqubo zolawulo ezisebenzayo.

Imibuzo ephathelele ukuvela kwembonakalo, ukuphendula, nelungelo lokucacisa kwisigqibo esizenzekelayo iza kuyila indlela elingana ngayo ukhuseleko kwiinkqubo zobugcisa.

Ukutshintsha Kwemozulu Nokusesikweni Kwemeko - bume

Ukutshintsha kwemozulu nokuwohloka kwemekobume kuchaphazela ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto abantu abahlala phantsi, kuphakamisa inkxalabo elinganayo yokukhusela. Imibutho yokusingqongileyo iphikisa ngelithi oorhulumente kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba imithwalo yemekobume neengenelo zisasazwa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye bonke abantu banokhuseleko olulinganayo kwiingozi zemekobume.

Njengoko utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nemigudu yokulungisa imozulu ikhawulezile, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ezi zindululo aziqhubeki zisenza ukungalingani okukhoyo okanye zidala iintlobo ezintsha zocalulo kuza kuba yimfuneko. Kusenokufuneka ukuba kukhuselwe izakhiwo ezilinganayo ukuhlangabezana nocalucalulo lwemeko-bume ngokubanzi.

Ukungalingani kwezoqoqosho kunye nocalucalulo olusekelwe kudidi

INkundla igatye iimpikiswano zokuba ubudala nobuhlwempu kufuneka ziphakanyiswe zizinto ezirhanelwayo. Nangona kusithiwa kukungaqiniseki okuqhubekayo kwezoqoqosho kuphakamisa imibuzo yokuba ngaba umgangatho olinganayo wokhuseleko umele ujongene nocalucalulo olusekelwe kwisigaba esiphezulu.

Abanye abaphengululi nabaxhasi baphikisa ngelithi ukwandisa ikhuselo lokuhlangabezana ngokungqalileyo nocalucalulo lwezoqoqosho, beqonda ukuba ubuhlwempu bunokuphelisa ukufaneleka, imfundo, izindlu namanye amathuba asisiseko.

Ukufuduka Kwamazwe Ngamazwe Nobumi

Ukwanda kokufuduka kwehlabathi kuphakamisa imibuzo entsonkothileyo malunga nomgangatho wokhuseleko olulinganayo. Ngelixesha ukhuseleko olulinganayo lufikelela kubo bonke abantu abakwindawo ephantsi kwegunya lobumi, iingxoxo ziyaqhubeka malunga nokokuba luluphi ukhuseleko olufanele lufumaneke ngabantu abangengobemi abaqhelekileyo nendlela oorhulumente abanokululinganisa ngayo ukhuseleko olunyanzelekileyo kunye nezibophelelo ezilinganayo zokugcinwa kwabantu befuduka.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zokufuduka azicalucalucalulo ngenxa yeempawu ezikhuselekileyo ngoxa urhulumente evumela ukulawula imida kuzisa iingxaki eziqhubekayo. Indlela abaphathwa ngayo iimbacu, abo bafuna indawo yokhuseleko nabafuduki abangaxelwanga ngayo iza kuqhubeka ivavanya imida yemigaqo yokuzikhusela elinganayo.

Inkqubela elinganisayo kunye nokuphendula

Ukuvavanya enoba ukhuseleko olulinganayo luyafunyanwa kudinga ubuchule obunamandla bokwenza izinto nokuphendula. Oorhulumente nebutho lasekuhlaleni kufuneka bavelise iindlela zokulinganisa inkqubela-phambili nokuchonga iindawo ezifuna ingqalelo eyongezelelekileyo.

Isalathisi soMsebenzi weNkqubo

Umlinganiselo omiselwe ngokweengqokelela ungabonisa umahluko weziphumo kumaqela awahlukeneyo, kuquka amaqondo emisebenzi, imida yemivuzo, ukufunyanwa kwemfundo, iziphumo zempilo, kunye nokubandakanyeka komthetho ogwebayo. Nangona iinkalo ezingafaniyo zingasoloko zibonisa ucalucalulo, ziyakwazi ukuchaza iindawo ezifuna uphando oluthe lwaya kungenelela.

Ukulandelela intsingiselo ekuhambeni kwexesha kunceda uhlolo lokuba imigudu yokukhusela elinganayo inciphisa umahluko okanye enoba iindlela ezintsha ziyafuneka. Ukungalukhathaleli ugcino-lwazi ngeempawu ezininzi kungabonisa ukungangqamani okunokudityaniswa kwezibalo ezinokudityaniswa.

Isalathisi soMsebenzi weNkqubo

Amanani kuphela awanakufumana uphando olupheleleyo lokhuseleko olulinganayo. Uphando lweQualitive, kuquka udliwano-ndlebe, amaqela ajolise kujoliso, kunye nophando lwamatyala, lunika ulwazi ngamava aphilayo ocalulo kunye nokuphumelela kokhuseleko olusemthethweni. Olu hlolisiso lungachaza imiqobo yokufumana ukhuseleko olulinganayo olunokuthi lwaphoswa yinkcazelo yomlinganiselo.

Uphando olusekelwe kuluntu, olubandakanya abantu abachaphazelekayo ekuyileni nasekuqhubeni uphando, lungaqinisekisa ukuba uphando lubonisa izinto eziza kuqala namava achaphazela kakhulu ucalulo.

Ubuchule obungathethekiyo obungasetyenziswayo

Imfuneko yokunika ingxelo rhoqo, uphicotho-zincwadi oluzimeleyo, kunye neequmrhu zoomphathi zinokwenza amasebe karhulumente nemibutho yabucala iphendule ngeemfuno ezifanayo zokukhusela.

Ulawulo lomthetho, uhlolo lomthetho, kunye neenkqubo zolawulo zinika amajelo okuphendula ngokusesikweni, ngoxa ukujongwa kwamajelo eendaba kunye nokujongwa kwebutho labantu kudala iingcinezelo ezingacwangciswanga. Iinkqubo ezininzi zokuphendula ziqinisekisa ukuba izivumelwano zokhuseleko ezilinganayo ziguqulelwa ekusebenzeni.

Isiphelo: Umsebenzi oqhubekayo wokhuseleko olulinganayo

Ukhuseleko olulinganayo lumela umgaqo osisiseko wezomthetho nomnqweno oqhubekayo. Ngoxa oorhulumente bemisele imigaqo ebanzi yokuqinisekisa ukuba ukuphathwa kakuhle phantsi komthetho, umsebenzi obalulekileyo usafuneka ukuze kufikelelwe ukulingana kokwenene kubo bonke abantu.

I-Acticome Protection Claus ikhangeleka ingumsebenzi omkhulu kwimimandla yamalungelo abantu kunye nenkululeko esisiseko njengencwadi yomgaqo-siseko enika inkundla yorhulumente neyamaphondo amandla amakhulu okuhlola ukuphatheka kwabantu namaqela ahlukeneyo. Esi siseko somGaqo-siseko sinika izixhobo ezinamandla zokuvavanya ucalucalulo, kodwa ukukhusela okusemthethweni kukodwa akunakuphelisa zonke iintlobo zokungalungisi.

Ukufumana ukhuseleko olulinganayo kufuna ukuzinikela okuqhubekayo koorhulumente, kwibutho lasekuhlaleni, kwimibutho yangasese, nakwimiqathango yabantu.

Indaleko yokuzikhusela ngendlela efanayo kwimvelaphi yayo ekujongeni ucalucalulo lobuhlanga nokusetyenziswa kwalo ngoku kwiimeko ezininzi ibonisa inkqubela kunye nocelomngeni oluqhubekayo. Njengoko ibutho labantu liba neentsonkothileko eninzi nentsonkothileyo, izakhiwo ezilinganayo zokukhusela kufuneka ziqhubeke ziguquka, zithetha ngentlobo ezintsha zocalulo ngoxa zigcina izibophelelo ezisemgangathweni zisenza imilinganiselo esesikweni nokulingana.

Abo bafuna ukuqonda amalungelo abo okanye igalelo kwimigudu elinganayo yokukhusela, oovimba abaninzi bakhona. U.U. I-Oficity Offciation Commission inikela ulwazi malunga nemithetho yemisebenzi kunye neenkqubo zokukhalaza. [ [[FLT]]] Ukurhoxa kweJaji yamaLungelo eSiko-mthetho [[FLT:]] kunyanzelisa imithetho yemithetho yeSikolo eNina mvume. [[FLT]] iMelika yeLibration Union kunye neminye imibutho yamalungelo amakhaya inikela uncedo olusemthethweni kunye nolawulo olusemthethweni. [Accecticgatetionstionstionstions wireant][5]

Ukukhuselwa okulinganayo asiyonto egqitywe ngokusisigxina kodwa yinto eqhubekayo efuna ukuphaphanyiswa, ukulungelelaniswa nokuzibophelela. Ngokuqonda indlela oorhulumente abalukhusela ngayo ukhuseleko olulinganayo, beqonda iingxaki ezizingisileyo, bexhasa nezicombululo ezizizo, abantu ngabanye namaziko anokuba negalelo ekudaleni ukuphathwa kakuhle kwabantu ngokunyaniseka phantsi komthetho. Umsebenzi wokukhusela abantu ngokulinganayo uyaqhubeka, ufuna ukuba bonke abantu bafumane umgaqo osisiseko abafanelwe yisidima nentlonelo.