Uthutho lusisiseko sebutho labantu banamhlanje, ludibanisa abantu kwimisebenzi, izikolo, unyango, kunye nenye. EUnited States, imbopheleleko yokuceba, ukuxhasa inkxaso-mali, ukwakha, kunye nokugcina iinkqubo zokuthutha zabelana phakathi koorhulumente bengingqi kunye noorhulumente belizwe. Olu lwahlulo lomsebenzi aluzimele ngokuzenzekelayo; lubonisa izikali ezahlukeneyo zezibonelelo ezifunekayo, ukusuka kwisitrato esisebumeni ukuya kuhola wesitrato ophakathi. Ukuqonda indlela abalawula ngayo izithuthi /(suku-kanye nemisebenzi yexesha elide, kunye nemali esetyenziswayo.)

Indima Yoorhulumente Basekuhlaleni Kwezothutho

Oorhulumente bendawo-(iingingqi, izixa-mali, iidolophu, kunye namaqumrhu ezothutho zikamasipala.) bahamba kwaye balawula uninzi lwendlela yelizwe (phantse 75% yazo zonke iindlela zikawonke-wonke) kwaye bajongene ngqo nabahlali bezinto zengqameko-mali abayisebenzisa imihla ngemihla. Umsebenzi wabo awubonakali kakhulu kunemisebenzi yohola wendlela karhulumente kodwa uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubunjani bobomi: ukulungisa imigodi yekhephu, ukulima ikhephu, ukubeka imiqondiso yendlela, nokugcina iindlela ezihambayo.

Ukulungiswa Kwendlela Nebhulorho

Umsebenzi ongundoqo wezothutho wasekuhlaleni kukugcinwa kwezitrato ezikhoyo. Oku kuquka ukudibaniswa kwezitrato, ukuzalisa iintanda, ukutshintsha iintsimbi zokugada, ukulungisa iibhulorho kunye nokusetyenziswa kwendlela yokuhambisa amanzi. Izixeko ezininzi zisebenzisa izityalo zazo ze-asphalt okanye iimitha zokulungisa. Umzekelo, isixeko sasePortland, eOregon, sigcina iikhilomitha ezingama-4,900 zezitrato kunye neebhulorho ezingaphezu kwe- 140. Lo msebenzi uxhaswa kakhulu ngerhafu yempahla yasekuhlaleni, iirhafu yerhafu yentengiso, yaye ngamanye amaxesha inkcitho enikezelwayo ezitratweni. Ugcino-mali ye-mali ngumbathotho lweziko. Umgangatho we-American Society of Civivil Engineers (ASCE) unika umgangatho ophezulu wendlela wendlela we-D, ucaphula ibhulokhwe emva kwelizwe lokulungisa ilizwe lonke.

Ubunjineli bezithuthi zomjelo wenqanawe kunye nemisebenzi

Oononjineli bezithuthi basekuhlaleni balawula imiqondiso, iimpawu, kunye neempawu ezilawula indlela ezihamba ngayo iinqwelo-mafutha. Baqhuba izifundo zokumisa isantya seenqwelo-mafutha, bafake iipali ezinqamlezileyo ukwenzela ukukhusela abahamba ngenqwelo-moya, bayile imimandla ejikeleze inqwelo-moya okanye imilinganiselo yokuthomalalisa iinqwelo-mafutha. Uninzi lwezixeko ezinkulu neziphakathi ngoku zinenkqubo ezijoliswe ekupheliseni iingozi zenqwelo-trafiki. Umzekelo, iSebe lezethutho lwaseNew York lifake amakhulu eenjiko, imisele yemida yebhayiselo, kunye nesantya esiphantsi. Urhulumente wasekuhlaleni ulawula imimiselo yokupaka i-injini, iindawo zokuhlala, iimvume zokuhamba, kunye nempembelelo yabantu ekukhetheni ukuhamba.

Imisebenzi yonikezelo lukawonke-wonke

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni basebenza okanye bavumelane ngothutho lukawonke-wonke kwimida yabo. Oku kungasuka kwinkonzo yocofo-mfono-mdiza wedolophana ukuya kumsebenzi wesithuthi esingunobangela olula webhasi nenethwekhi ekwisixeko esikhulu. Imisebenzi efana neLos Angeles County Metropolitan Transtitan Transtit Authority Authority (LA) okanye iChicagority Transtit Authority (CTA) zizinto ezijongelwe kucwangciso lwenkonzo, ukuqokelelwa kwemoto, ukulondolozwa nokukhuselwa kokhuseleko. Imali ephuma kwintlanganiselwano yerhafu yerhafu yente yasekuhlaleni, iindlekompaza abakhweli, kunye/imali enika i-modensideli. Imisebenzi yesikhululo (ilayini ezintsha, izitime) ifuna unxulumano olubanzi nenginyazo zelizwe kunye namaqabane karhulumente.

Izinto Zokuhamba Ezikhutheleyo Nezitrato Ezipheleleyo

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni baye bajolise ingqalelo entweni ehambayo kwi yezothutho ezifuna zonke iiprojekti ukuhlalisa abasebenzisi, hayi iimoto. Umzekelo, iSixeko saseAustin, eTexas, sifake iikhilomitha ezingama-30 zebhayisekile, ukuphucula iindlela zokuhamba ngeenqanawa, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba i-ADA iyakwazi ukufikelela. Ezi zixeko ezininzi ziye zasebenzisa imigaqo efuna zonke iiprojekthi zokuhlalisa bonke abasebenzisi, hayi iinqwelo-moto. Umzekelo, iSixeko saseAustin, Texas, ifake i-mayile ezingama-30 eekhilokhwe ezihamba-ndlela kwaye zakhampyula icebo eliqinileyo. Le migudu idla ngokuqhutywa ngamaqela asekuhlaleni asekuhlaleni kwaye axhasa iinjongo.

Indima Yoorhulumente Kwezothutho

Oorhulumente bajonge uthungelwano olukhulu lwezothutho oludibanisa abantu kwaye luxhasa ezorhwebo. Isebe ngalinye linoxanduva lomgaqo-ndlela wezothutho (DOT) wenkqubo karhulumente, iibhulorho ezinkulu, intsebenziswano, kunye nemimandla yokuphumla. Urhulumente ukwalawula ukugcinwa kwezithuthi, ukubhaliswa kwezithuthi, kunye nokugcinwa kweemoto. Bamisela imilinganiselo yokhuseleko kwaye baxhasa inkxaso ephawulekayo yemali kwimisebenzi yasekuhlaleni.

Ulawulo lwenkqubo yendlela ephakamileyo yeRhulumente

Umendo wendlela yelizwe (indlela ye-US) ziipaseji eziphambili phakathi kwamadolobha nemimandla. Ucwangciso lwe-DOTT, ukwakhiwa, nokugcinwa kwezi ndlela, kuquka iindlela eziphakathi kwemida yazo (nangona zixhaswa ngurhulumente). Umzekelo, iSebe leTexas lothutho (TXDOT) ligcina ii-imitha ezingama-800,000 zeendlela zohambo-nkulu zelizwe . Oku kubandakanya imisebenzi emikhulu efana nokwandisa imida, ukwakha iipasethi, kunye nokuphinda kuxhaswe iibhulo eziyalukileyo. Urhulumente uDoT kufuneka alawule iitransport kule projekti, ngokufuthi ngeendawo zolawulo lwendlela eziphambili zolawulo lwendlela kusetyenziswa iikhamera, izimvo, kunye nemiqondiso ye-omfonoms.

IMibutho ePhondo

Oorhulumente belizwe bayalelwa ngumthetho wesizwe ukuba benze isicwangciso sezothutho esinde kwilizwe lonke nyaka ngamnye ukuya kumashumi amane anesihlanu. Ezi zicwangciso zicwangcisa ezona zibalulekileyo kwimisebenzi kuzo zonke iinkqubo. Inxalenye engundoqo yale nkqubo kukubandakanya kwe-Metropolitan Planning Organizations [MPOS], eziziziko lengingqi zengingqi ezenziwe kwimimandla yedolobhastika engaphezulu kwama-50 000. I-MPOS izisa kunye oorhulumente basekuhlaleni, amagosa asemoyeni abasebenzi ukulungiselela kunye ukutyala ingeniso yezithuthi. Bavelisa udweliso lwezethutho lweeprojekthi (TP) lwezikotholonke oluxhaswa ngurhulumente. Le projectivesssss ziqinisekisa ukuba kuview-omforenced, nangona maxa wamanye amaxesha imicimbi yemali ivela.

Imali yezothutho yeRhulumente

Imali yezothutho yelizwe ivela kwimithombo emininzi. Eyona sithethe iphambili yirhafu yepetroli ye- (irhafu yegesi), ehlawulwa ngelitha yepetroli okanye yedizili. Kodwa ke, ngezithuthi eziya ziphumelela kakhulu amafutha nombane, iingeniso zerhafu zerhafu ziyaphelelwa okanye ziyehla. Amazwana amaninzi aye anyusa irhafu yerhafu yegesi okanye ongezelele izalathiso zokunyuka kwexabiso lemali. Ezinye imithombo zemali yomgangatho karhulumente ziquka:

  • [[UMTL: 0] Iindleko zobhaliso `imali yemali ye-annual enokubekwa ngexabiso lesithuthi okanye ubunzima.
  • [[NTL:0] Izixhobo zentsimbi `esetyenziswe kwibrorho, ibhulorho, kunye nomonakalo ophezulu (HOT) wendlela. Imizekelo iquka i Florida Turpike, iPennsylvania Turpike, ne Thruke yaseNew York.
  • Bhonds].ezwe ngokubanzi imiba exhaswe yimijelo yengeniso enikezelweyo (umz., irhafu yegesi) ukuxhasa iprojekthi ezinkulu.
  • [[UMTL:0] Jikelele inika intlawulo yemali]]
  • Imali enikwa ``Isebe Elilawula Indlela Ephakamileyo (FHWA)) linikezela ngemali eninzi ngeenkqubo ezifana nenkqubo yendlela ephezulu neMpatho yeNdlela yeNdlela yeSizwe kunye neMqamsholo yeNdlela yokuThumela.

Umzekelo, 2017 Road Reace and Accostability Act (SB 1) inkcitho yerhafu kunye nerhafu yemoto ngonyaka kumawaka ezigidi ukuchaza ugcino lwexesha elibekiweyo. Amaphondo amaninzi azama ukuzama iirhafu zokusetyenziswa komsinga (RUC) njengotshintsho lwerhafu yegesi, apho abaqhubi bahlawula ikhilomitha nganye kune-ikhilomitha nganye.

Ukhuseleko kunye nonyanzelo

Oorhulumente bamisela kwaye banyanzelisa imithetho emininzi yokhuseleko loomatiloshe. Oku kuquka uku-intensing (ebhalwe kunye nasemva kweemviwo zevili), iimfuno zovavanyo lwezithuthi, kunye nemigaqo yelayisensi yokuqhuba (CDL). Amapolisa aseburhulumenteni okanye oomatiloshe abalawula izithuthi zenqwelo-mafutha banyanzelisa imithetho yezithuthi, i-DUI, kunye nemiqathango yobunzima kwiilori. Ama-omazwe akwalawula inkqubo ye-PGratety Leatyfety Resprity (HSIP), ezo zibonelelo zemali zokuphucula isantya senqwelo-moya, iintambo zokulinda, ii-ankile, kunye nemidathathi ye-medio.

Umanyano phakathi koorhulumente basekuhlaleni noorhulumente

Akukho projekthi yezothutho ikhoyo kwikhamandela. Isitrato sasekuhlaleni sinxibelelana nohola wendlela karhulumente; umgca omtsha wothutho unganqumla imimandla emininzi. Ulawulo olunempumelelo lufuna intsebenziswano eqhubekayo ngapha nangapha kwemigangatho karhulumente. Le ntsebenziswano yenzeka ngemimiselo esesikweni (MPO, izivumelwano zamandla ahlangeneyo) kunye nonxulumano olungacwangciswanga phakathi kwabasebenzi besebe.

Ukulungiselela nokuxhasa

Iiprojekthi ezininzi zixhaswa kunye: umzekelo, i-DOT isenokunikela ngama-80% exabiso lokwandisa indlela enceda isixeko esikhulayo, ngelixesha isixeko sihlawula izithuthi ezihamba ecaleni, ukukhanya, kunye nokulungisa ibala. Imisebenzi emikhulu efana nentswana okanye ulwandiso lothutho idla ngokuba ngumphumo weminyaka yokucwangcisa. Umzekelo, I-Denver Regionation Transport (RTD) inkqubo yeFasTracks kunye nodweliso lwenkqubo ye-Proworkworado, urhulumente weColorado, kunye norhulumente wokwakha iikhilomitha ezili-1222, kunye nomvalo wesi. Irhafu yerhafu yasekuhlaleni yanika i-mali ye-mentensi ye-ortssssss yombuso ne-oventinant.

Uhlolisiso Lwezinto Eziye Zasetyenziswa

I-San Francisco Bay Indawo yentshunqulelo ye-: I-Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) yi-MPO yendawo ye-Akhawunti ethoba. Iyadibanisa inkxaso kunye nokucwangcisa abasebenzi abangama-26 abathuthi Transtisty Center(ukusuka kwi BART ukuya kuMlayishini kumaziko ebhayisekile yasekuhlaleni. MTC iqhuba iinkqubo zengingqi ezifana neClipper, ikhadi elisisithuthi, kunye nemali yemali epheleleyo yelizwe. Phezu kwayo nje intluntlukwano, lommandla wakha iprojects ezingundoqo njenge Transbay Transtit Center kunye nolwando lwe-BART i-San Jose kwi-eveorver-detal.

ICicago’s Complete Street Initive: IsiXeko saseChicago samkela inkqubo epheleleyo yomgaqo-nkqubo wesitrato ngo 2006, kamva sahlaziywa, nto leyo efuna ukuba yonke imisebenzi yezothutho kwisixeko iqwalasele bonke abasebenzisi. I-Illinois Department of Transport (IDOT) isebenzisane ngokusebenzisa inkqubo efanayo kwimisebenzi yelizwe phakathi kweChicago, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuquququzelelani izicwangciso zobugcisa ezifana neNtshona Avenue ne-Ashland Avenue. Eli manyano linyuse ukwandisa imigama yemigama yebhayiselo kwaye liphucule ukunqumla izithuthi zezithuthi ngaphandle kokwenza ungquzulwano phakathi kwemidanga yelizwe ne-ortmental.

I-Atlanta Regional Commission (ARC): I-ARC yi-MPO yommandla wama-20-awuntry Atlanta. Iphuhlisa iplani yezothutho ende (ngokunje i-"Ast 2050" isicwangciso) kwaye ibeka iprojekthi yezigidi zemali ngonyaka. Iprojekthi esebenzayo yi- I-2] i-i-2/400 ye-iaced , iprojekthi yezigidi ezidityani efuna uxokelelwano phakathi kwe-DOT, izixeko ze-Folings, i-Fulton, kunye nezinye i-omatika-omatila.

Izivumelwano zoburhulumente obusebenzisanayo nokungaguqu-guquki

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba izicwangciso zabo zothutho zasekuhlaleni ziyavisisana nesicwangciso selizwe eside sodweliso kunye ne-TIP yengingqi. Le mfuneko "yokuvumelana" inxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwemali yengingqi. Umzekelo, isixeko asinakwakha ubuchule obukhulu obungangqubana nohola wezothutho ocwangcisiweyo okhutshwe ngurhulumente oya kukhula---------------all. Ezi zimbini mazidibane noyilohlobo. Urhulumente u-DOT usoloko unazo ii-ofisi zesithilithi ezisebenza ngqo neengingqi zokulungisa iingxabano kwangoko.

Ucelomngeni Lokulawula Izinto Zokuhamba

Phezu kwawo nje amashumi eminyaka, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni nabaseburhulumenteni bajamelana nocelomngeni oluqhubekayo nolubangela ulawulo lwezithuthi lube nzima ngakumbi.

Imali enqongopheleyo nenkxaso-mali

Oluna celomngeni lungapheliyo alwanelanga, aluqiniseki. Irhafu yegesi karhulumente ayinyuswanga ukususela ngo1993, ngoko amandla ayo okuthenga igesi aye aphela ngaphezu kwama-40% ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Amazwe axhomekeke kwirhafu erhafu ekwakujongwa kuyo ngokufanayo, kunye nokuncitshiswa kwentlawulo. Isiphumo sisithuba esikhulu phakathi kweemfuno nemali efumanekayo. I-ASCE iqikelela ukuba i-U.S. ifuna ii-R3,2 zezigidi-biliyoni zemali kushishino lwezemizi - mveliso kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo, kodwa inkxaso yangoku iyazigquma malunga nesiqingatha. Le mikhosi yoorhulumente yokuzinziwa kwerhafu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba bahlaziswe ngokunyuka kweminxando nebhulo.

Ukwaluphala

Iindlela ezininzi, iibhulorho, kunye neenkqubo zokuthutha ezakhiwa ngo1950-1970 ngoku zikwindawo okanye ngaphaya koyilo lwazo lobomi. Ngaphezu kwama-42,000 amabhulorho e-U.S. alinganiswe ukuba angondlekanga, kwaye amaninzi abekwe kwiindlela zasekuhlaleni okanye zikarhulumente. Ukuwabuyisela okanye ukuwabuyisela kwakhona kubiza kakhulu. Umzekelo, i-35W Saint Anthony Falls Bridge [ ufako lwe-Nineapolis ezizizigidi ezingama-244,2, emva kokuwa kwasekuqaleni ngo- 2007.

Ukwanda Kwabemi Nokuxinana Kwasezidolophini

Ngokukhawuleza, njengezixeko ezikhulayo zeLan Belt eAustin, eCharlotte, ePhoenix, naseNashville ``Indawo edubulayo efuna izibonelelo ezitsha nezinyusiweyo zothutho. Ukwandisa umthamo wendlela kuphela kujongwa njengokungasebenzi ngenxa yokuphenjelelwa, ngoko oorhulumente kufuneka bafake imali ekuthutheni, kwizixhobo zebhayisekile, kunye namacebo okusebenzisa umhlaba. Noko ke, abameli basekuhlaleni kunye norhulumente maxa wambi abavumelani nophuhliso lwendlela yophuhliso lwendlela.

Iingcinezelo Zemekobume Nemozulu

Uthutho lungumthombo omkhulu wegesi ekhupha igesi eshushu e-U.S. (29% kwi-2021). Oorhulumente baphantsi koxinzelelo olusuka kuluntu kunye nabenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ngonyuselo, urhwebo, kunye notshintsho lomhlaba. Kwangaxeshanye, ukutshintsha kwemozulu kwenza isakhiwo sibe sesichengeni esiyingozi kwimozulu egqithisileyo: ukhukuliseko, ubushushu, imililo yedanga, kunye nomonakalo wemibhobhobho. Amazwe anjengoLouisiana achitha amawaka ezigidi zezigidi ukunyusa umendongamela imvula ekhukulisela kuyo yonke imisebenzi.

Imithetho Esesikweni

Ngokwembali, utyalo-mali lwezithuthi ludla ngokwenzakalisa uluntu olufumana ingeniso ephantsi kunye noluntu olunombala, umzekelo ngolwakhiwo lohola wohola olwahlula-hlula abamelwane. Namhlanje, kukho uqhutyeko olunamandla lokutyhalela [[FLT: 0]] ukurhoxiswa kwe-ecty[: ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke izizwana zingenelwa kwimisebenzi kwaye ukufikelela kohambo kuthembekile kwaye kufikeleleka. Oku kungumsebenzi ofanelekileyo ofunekayo kodwa ofunekayo ofuna ubuchule obutsha nothelekelelo lwengingqini.

Ukunika ingqwalaselo ephambili:

Oorhulumente bazama iindlela ezininzi zokuvala izithuba zemali. Imizekelo iquka udibaniso lwe-Public-ethe ngqo (P3s) isetyenziselwa imisebenzi emikhulu apho iqabane lobuqu liyila, lakha khona, imali, kwaye maxa wambi isebenzisa isakhiwo (umz., imigwagwa eninzi). Imizekelo iquka iPRT Dulles Greenways eVirginia kunye neprojects eFlorida. P3 isenokukhawuleza ukunikezelwa kweprojekthi kodwa ifune ukuvelela okucophelelayo ukuze kukhusele izilangazelelo zikawonke. [[FLT:] [FFFLT:2]] [FFG3]].[5] Imali eninzi [enye irhafu], ikhomba-mali eninzi, i-ARGPTSP, isetyenziswa njengeevicensieve, i-evous, i-evolue, i-ekho yoncedo lwe-RGenethi, i-Foff.[10]

Ikamva Lolawulo Lwezothutho

Ubugcisa, izinto eziyimfuneko, nokutshintsha kwesimilo sokuhamba kutshintsha indlela oorhulumente bengingqi noorhulumente abaceba ngayo kunye nendlela abasebenzisa ngayo izithuthi. Kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo kuza kubakho iinguqu ezinzulu.

Ulawulo loshishino lobuchule kunye neenkqubo zezothutho ezikrelekrele

Imiqondiso yendlela iya itshintsha, isebenzisa ubuchule bokwemvelo kunye nogcino-lwazi lwexesha lokwenene olusuka kwizandi zemvo kunye nezithuthi ezidityanisiweyo ukwenza ixesha elifanelekileyo. Izixeko ezifana nePittsburgh ziye zasebenzisa ulawulo lophawu olulungelelanisiweyo kwimiboniso emikhulu, ukucutha amaxesha okuhamba nge25% kunye nokukhutshwa komphunga ngama-20%. Urhulumente ulawula amaziko okulawula iinqwelo-moya adibanisa ugcino-lwazi kwiikhamera, izivamvo zendlela, izivalo zemozulu, izikhululo zemozulu, kunye nezithuba zesithathu zexesha eliphakathi (njenge-Waze) ukuze ziphendule ngokukhawuleza iziganeko. Kwixesha elizayo, inqwelo-to-infrature (V2) iyakuvumela izibane zonxibelelwano ezihambayo ukuya "kudibana" neenqwelo - nqwelo - mafutha, izilumkiso zeza okanye izilumkiso zeza ezibomvu okanye isantya.

Unyango kunye nezinye izinto eziphembelela

Oorhulumente kuwo onke amanqanaba bafaka utyando kwizithuthi zombane ezinika inkxaso. I-BIL iquka ii-$7,5,000 zezigidi ze-iL, ukwenzela uthungelwano lwesizwe lwe-EV, elawulwa ngurhulumente osetyenziswa yi-DOT kunye nabasebenzisi bobuqu. Oorhulumente bongingqi basekuhlaleni bafaka iziphathi-mali ezithintelayo ezisecaleni kwaye bafuna ukuba zonke izakhiwo ezintsha zibe nobuchule bokupaka imoto. Oku kukwamkela imiyalelo ye-0-injini yezithuthi yebhasi ezithuthwayo. Umzekelo, i-FLT [FL:0] i-Innovative Cec Transit syntivel syrection syl [[[ ifuna zonke iibhasi ezihambayo zikawonke ukuba zibe nomsebenzi we-0.

Izixhobo Ezizimeleyo Nezidityanisiweyo

Izithuthi ezizimeleyo (AVs) ziyavavanywa kwinani elikhulayo lezixeko namazwe. Noko ke, ukuthunyelwa kwelizwe kusekude. Amazwe aye akhokela ekulawuleni i-AV ukuvavanya .Ngokomzekelo, iKhalifoniya ifuna imvume kunye nokuxela iinkampani ezivavanya izithuthi ezizimeleyo kweendlela zikawonke-wonke-wonke. Oorhulumente baqala ukucinga ngendlela i-AVs enokuthi ichaphazele ngayo i-dream (inokuhla kwemimandla ebekwe endaweni yokumisa imoto?), iipatroli, kunye neengeniso zokupaka. Ezinye izixeko ziceba ukwabelana ngezithuthi ezizimeleyo njengeenqanawa ezigcina i-route.

Ihlokondiba njengenkonzo (MaaS) kunye neMicromobial

Iizicelo ezidityanisiweyo zokudibanisa ucwangciso lohambo, ukuqokelela, kunye nokuhlawula iindlela (iibhasi, uololiwe, ukukhwela ihail, izahlulo zebhayisekile, izithuthuthu) ziya zixhaphaka. Izixeko ezininzi ziye zanceda iinkqubo zokufaka imbewu nokumisela iimfuno zokwabelana ngogcino-lwazi. Iibhayisekile ezidiweyo/izibhayiseli ezingadibaniyo kunye neziqhubi ziqhutyekwayo, kwaye oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bafunda ukuyilawula ngemvume, ngemixokelelwano, iikhorali, kunye neemfuno ezithenjiweyo eziqinisekisa iinkonzo ezifikelela kwimimandla esezantsi efumana kuyo. Ikamva lisenokubona izixokelelwano ezininzi ezidityani zebhasi apho ibhasi enye ihamba kunye netrakethi ehrashi ehswa ukuya kwindawo yokugqibela yokungena kuyo.

Ukwenza izigqibo zogcino-lwazi

Amaziko ezothutho asebenzisa ngokukhulayo ugcino-lwazi olukhulu olusuka kwicellular, iGPS, kunye namakhadi okuhambisa ukuze aqonde iifashoni zohambo, ulwahlulelo lweminwe yebhotile, kunye nemfuno yokuxela kwangaphambili. Ngoku urhulumente unika imvume yokuhamba kwenqanawa kubaphathi-ndlela ababucala abafana ne-INRIX ne-Tom Tom ukuze athakazelise izimvo zawo. Amaqumrhu asekuhlaleni asebenzisa izixhobo ezifana ne- uManyano lwe-data yezothutho ukusebenza kwebhetri. Noko ke, inkxalabo zobuqu kunye nobuchule bogcino-data zisekho.

Ukulungiselela iinguqulelo zobugcisa

Ukusebenzisa ezi zicwangciso, oorhulumente kufuneka bafake ingeniso eninzi kwinkqubela yomsebenzi. Oononjineli bezothutho bafuna uqeqesho kwinzululwazi yogcino-lwazi, i-i-computersecurity, kunye nobugcisa bombane. Abasebenzi abaceba ukucwangcisa kufuneka baqonde uhlalutyo lwe-quququzelo kunye nokudityaniswa koluntu. Amazwe amaninzi ayile ii-ofisi zolwakhiwo okanye amaqabane neeyunivesithi. Umzekelo, [[FLTL:0] i-A&M Transport Institute isebenza ngokusondelele ne-TxDO kuphando nakwiinkqubo zomqhubi wenqwelo-moya. I-moya-moya kufuneka iphuculequququze iintambo ze-ficki, ifaka iiyunithi ze-V2I, i-oyile yebhetri.

Ekuqukumbeleni, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni kunye noorhulumente basekuhlaleni basingatha izinto zokuthutha ezintsonkothileyo, ezixhomekeke kwiimbopheleleko, ezinxulumeneyo, nezisetyenziswayo. Oorhulumente bongingqi bajolise ingqalelo kwimisebenzi yomhla ukuya kumhla nezolo kunye nezibonelelo ezisemgangathweni, ngoxa oorhulumente belawula uthungelwano oludibanisa iindawo kunye. Zombini zijongene nocelomngeni olunzulu olusuka ekungcoliseni, izinto ezaluphalayo, utshintsho lwemozulu, kunye nokunyuka kweemfuno zobuchule bokungaguquguquki , ukusetyenziswa kobugcisa, ukwamkelwa, kunye nezinye ezinamandla, ziyavisisana. Kubafundisi nabafundi, ukuqonda oku kuyimfuneko (*) ukusetyenziswa kwemisebenzi yexesha elizayo kwizothutho okanye ulawulo lukawonke, kodwa kuba nenxaxheba njengabahlali belizwe ekuboneleni ubuchule obubumbanobume abantu bethu.