Izixhobo Zolawulo Lokusingqongileyo EIndiya

Urhulumente waseIndiya usebenza kowona mmandla untsonkothileyo wendalo ulawula indalo. Ngabemi abangaphezu kwe-1,4 lamawaka ezigidi, ukwanda kwezoqoqosho, kunye nobume belizwe obudibanisa amaqampu omkhenkce elunxwemeni, indlela yelizwe ekulondolozweni kwemeko-bume nemozulu ifuna umanyano lwamazwe namazwe, ulawulo oluninzi, kunye nemimandla ehlukeneyo yemekobume. UBulungiseleli bemekobume, ihlathi neStematement Change (MoEFC) busebenza njengesixhobo esingundoqo sokungasetyenziswa nayiphi nayiphi na indalo, kodwa ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kuxhomekeke kwimibutho yesebe yesizwe, imibutho yesizwe, i-omatilomenti, kunye nongenelo lwezomthetho.

Imingeni yemekobume yase-Indiya iyingozi kakhulu. Iphakathi kwamazwe asengozini yokuchanabeka kwiziphumo zemozulu ``````FLT']'' sixhenxe kumboniso we-2022 we-Global Climate Disease Index' ye-19202, kanti ikwayeyona inkulu yegesi yemozulu yomhlaba. Ukulungelelanisa iminqweno yokuphuhliswa kwemekobume yendalo kuchaza indlela karhulumente. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa imigaqo, iinkqubo, kunye nobuchule bolawulo olusebenzisa ngayo i-Indiya ukulawula imekobume yayo kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu, itsho kwinkqubela yakutshanje kunye namanyathelo akudala emileyo.

Isiseko somGaqo-siseko nesomthetho

IMithetho yoMgaqo-siseko

UMgaqo-siseko wamaIndiya wawungenalo ilungiselelo elicacileyo lokukhusela imekobume. UMthetho wama-42 weSihlalo wama-42 ngowe-1976 wongezelela iGatya 48A, elalathisa urhulumente ukukhusela nokukhusela imekobume nokukhusela amahlathi nezilwanyana, kunye neGatya 51A(g), eliyenza ibe ngumsebenzi osisiseko wommi ngamnye ukukhusela imeko-bume yendalo. INkundla ePhakamileyo itolike ngokupheleleyo iGatya 21 (inelungelo lobomi) ukuquka ilungelo lokuhlala kwindawo ecocekileyo, idala isixhobo esinamandla sokukhusela umdla kawonke wonke.

Umthetho ongundoqo wokusingqongileyo

Igunyazisa umthetho wokhuseleko lwemeko- bume (EPA), 1986: owenziwa emva kwentlekele yegesi yeBhopal, i-EPA inika isakhiwo seambrela yokulungelelanisa ulawulo lwemeko- bume. Inika urhulumente osembindini amandla okumisela imigangatho yokukhupha inkunkuma, i-effluents, ukuphatha inkunkuma, kunye nomgangatho wemekobume. UMthetho uye wasetyenziselwa ukwazisa i-Ascesment Asment Asmentment (EIA) imimiselo, imithetho yolawulo yengingqi eyingozi yonxweme lommandla.

[[NTL:0] UmThetho wokwehla (Iziko), 1980: Le nto ifuna imvume karhulumente esembindini phambi kokuba naliphi na ilizwe lamahlathi lingaphambukiswa kwiinjongo ezingezizo ezezoshishino. Ithe yanciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi ngemisebenzi yoshishino, nangona intsebenziswano ihlala ibambene. Njengango2023, ngaphezu kwe 1.5 lezigidi zemasti yelizwe lamahlathi aphambukiselwe phantsi koMthetho, kunye nomthetho onyanzelelwayo wokucoca izityalo.

Lo mthetho wokhuselo lwezilwanyana, 1972: Lo msebenzi wamisela isiseko somthetho kwimimandla ekhuselweyo(iipaki zamazwe ngamazwe, iindawo zokuhlala izilwanyana, iindawo zokugcina ingwe, kunye nendawo yokugcina izilwanyana ezigciniweyo. Ikwalawula ukuzingela, urhwebo kwimveliso zezilwanyana zasendle, kwaye idala isakhiwo sezikhulu zezilwanyana zasendle kunye neebhodi zelizwe zezilwanyana zasendle.

Umthetho wesizwe weGreen Tribunal, 2010:[NT:1] INGT inika inkqenkqeza phambili kwisigqibo sokuphikisana ngemekobume, nezihlalo kulo lonke elaseIndiya. Iphatha amatyala anxulumene nokungathotywa kwemeko- bume, imbuyiselo yomonakalo, kunye nokugcinwa kwamalungelo okusingqongileyo. INGT iye yaba ngumlawuli osebenzayo, ikhupha imiyalelo kungcoliseko lomoya, ulawulo lwenkunkuma, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemizi - mveliso.

Umthetho Wezomthetho Nomthetho Wokusingqongileyo

Ijusi ye-Indiya iphumeze indima esebenzayo ngokungaqhelekanga kulawulo lwemekobume. Imigwebo ye-londmark iquka ungcoliso lwemeko ye-Ganga (, eyayalela iiteksi zokulungisa amakhandlela okucoca izilwanyana ukuseka izityalo zonyango; [[FLT]]] Imeko ye-CNGHIP [[[FLT]]] [3], eyayalela ukuguqulelwa utshintsho lukawonke-wonke kwigesi yendalo; kunye iGonavarman mzekelo [[FLT:]] [1966]])), eyathi ichazwe kwakhona ukuba idiza zonke iindawo zokudibana, ukuzisa amaphecana amakhulu amaphecana phantsi kokhuseleko. Inkundla eencwadi enzelwe ukukhusela i-Genegane-mediesat)

Isicwangciso Sesizwe Sokutshintsha Kwemozulu

Yaqaliswa ngo-2008, isiCwangciso selizwe esithatha inyathelo kutshintsho lwemozulu (NAPCC) ihlala iyinkqubo engundoqo yenkqubo yemozulu yase-Indiya. Ichaza isibhozo solawulo lwesizwe esinika idilesi yoqikelelo kunye notshintsho kwicandelo elingundoqo. I-NAPCCC iphawuleka ngokugxininisa ukusondela kwento edibanisa i-benofit ehamba phambili kwimisebenzi eqhubela phambili iinjongo zophuhliso ngexesha kuvelwano lwemozulu.

Imisebenzi Esibhozo Yesizwe

Ijoni lalonke lelanga lifumene uMission (Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission):[ Ekuqaleni lijolise i 20 GW yomthamo welanga ngo-2022, ixhoba lahlaziywa kwi 100 GW kwaye ladibana kakhulu. I-Indiya iphumeze u-81 GW yomthamo welanga ofakwe ekuqaleni ko-2025, eqhutywa yinkcubeko ye-intengiso enzima, yokwenza izihlomelo ngemveliso ye-Incentive Intellived (PI), kunye nophuhliso yepaki enkulu yelanga. Umsebenzi wecatalyzz waphumelela kakhulu kwidarver, ukufikelela ku-2004/K ngo-2023.

Umsebenzi wesizwe wokwandiswa kwe-Energy Euniverse (NMEEE): Lo msebenzi usebenza kwiinkqubo zentengiso eziquka iFold, iPience kunye neTrade (PAT) yendlela yobuchule boshishino, i-Energy Conservation Code (ECBC), kunye nenkqubo yoLawulo lwe-Masipala. i-PAT igubungele iiyunithi ze-oyile ezili-1, ukufikelela kwimali elingana ne-10 lezigidi ze-oyile ngonyaka.

IMission yamanzi ejoliswe kwilizwe: Ijolise kulawulo oludityanisiweyo lwemicebo yamanzi, umsebenzi ujolise ekunyuseni ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngokunempumelelo nge-20%. Iinkqubo ezingundoqo ziquka iJal Jeevan Mission, enikezele uqhagamshelwano lwamanzi kwizindlu zasemaphandleni ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyi 120 (igubungela 75% zamakhaya asemaphandleni ngo-2024), kunye ne-Atal Bhujal Yhona ukwenzela ulawulo lwamanzi asemhlabeni.

Imisebenzi yesizwe yokuHlalanisa i-Himalaya: Le misebenzi ithetha ngokuchanabeka kommandla we-Himalaya kutshintsho lwemozulu ngokuqwalasela, uphando, kunye nokusekelwe kuluntu. Iseke uthungelwano lwe-observatory kunye nezitishi zophando kwaye ixhasa amanyathelo karhulumente kamazwe ase-Himalaya.

Imisebenzi yesizwe ye-Green India: Ijoliswe ekufuleni amahlathi nasekulungiseni indalo, umsebenzi ujolise ekunyuseni ukugquma kwamahlathi ngeehektare ezizizigidi ezi-5 uphucule ubunjani benye izigidi ezi-5 zeehektars. Ixhasa iikomiti zokuphatha amahlathi kunye namaziko adityanisiweyo ekuzalisekiseni imisebenzi yokulima nokuvelisa kwakhona.

I-National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA): I-NMSA ikhuthaza uqheliselo lwemozulu-lezolimo kuquka iinkqubo zokulima ezidityanisiweyo, ukulima okuphilayo, ubugcisa benani elingaphumeleliyo (ukunkcenkceshela ngemitshini yemo yezulu, kunye ne-inshorensi ye-inshorensi ye-Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana. Uninzi lwamakhadi empilo luye lwanikezelwa kubalimi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama- 230 ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa komcelo.

IMission yesizwe yolwazi oluthengisiweyo lotshintsho lwemozulu: Olu thungelwano lwemali yemisebenzi yophando, iinkqubo zoqeqesho, kunye nokwakhiwa kobuchule bemozulu kunye nenkqubo. Iseke amaziko emozulu kwiiyunivesithi kwaye ixhasa i-Indiya Network for Change Assesment (INCCA), evelisa iprojekthi ze-GHGG.

Imisebenzi yesizwe ekwi-Stestatable Habitat: enika inkxaso kwidolophu, lo msebenzi ukhuthaza izakhiwo ezisebenzayo ngamandla nge-Energy Conservation Code, ulawulo lwenkunkuma yasezidolophini kwi-Swachh Bharat Mission, kunye nophuhliso lothutho lukawonke-wonke olufana nolwandiso lwe-metroporo kunqamleza amadolobha angama-20+

Iinjongo Zemeko Yezulu

Umbuso ngamnye kunye nomhlaba womanyano uphuhlise iState Action Plan on Climate Change, ilungelelaniswa nezinto ezihamba kunye nezinto eziphambili. Ezi zicwangciso ziyahlaziywa rhoqo emva kweminyaka emihlanu. Umzekelo, uGujarat ujolise phambili kumandla ombane nolawulo lwengingqi yonxweme ngokuchasene nogxininiso luka-Assam ekuzinziseni kwesikhukula kunye nokuqhekeka kwe-ti. Urhulumente osembindini unika ukhokelo, inkxaso yobugcisa, kunye nenkxaso ethile nge-mali nge-Climatex Change Action Programme (CAP), kodwa uchaza kakhulu ukuphumeza ingeniso ngoqingqo-mali ngoqingqo-mali kunye nocwangciso lwabo lwemiqathango kunye nobuchule obuxhaswayo.

Iinkqubo ezinkulu zolondolozo

Iprojekthi Yokuthwala Ihlosi Nokulondolozwa Kwezilwanyana Zasendle

Yaqaliswa ngo 1973, iProject Tiger lelinye lawona nyathelo eliphumeleleyo lokulondolozwa kwendalo eIndiya. Inkqubo esungulweyo ihlosi ekhuselweyo ekhuselekile, ulawulo lwendawo yokuhlala, kunye namanyathelo okulwa neponting. IIndiya ngoku isebenzisa amathala ehlosi angamashumi amane anesibhozo esikweri. Ngokwe 2023 All India Tiger Estimation Report, inani lengwe laseIndiya limi malunga noogcunts abamalunga ne3,682% yabemi belizwe lengwe yasendle.

Ezinye iinkqubo zogcino lwezilwanyana zeflegi ziquka iProject Elephant (1992, Project Rhino, kunye I-Project ye Great Indian Bustard inkqubo. IIndiya iseke iikhomfas ezilishumi elinesibhozo, iquka i-“Sundalbans, kunye ne-Nandalbans, ezisebenza njengemodeli zogcino lwazi oluzinziweyo.

Isicwangciso seSizwe seNkcubeko yeMichiza

ISicwangciso seNational Biodiversity Action Plan (NBAP), esihlaziywe ngo-2014, sihambisana neNdibano ye-Aichi Intelligensies. Esi sigqibo sichaza amaxhoba ali-12 esizwe kuquka ukukhusela iintlobo-ntlobo zezilwanyana ezisengozini, ukwandisa ii-internationals ezikhuselekileyo, kunye nokudibanisa izityalo nezityalo kwicandelo. Ukudityaniswa kwento edityanisiweyo kubandakanya ucwangciso lwe-oglomenti yendalo kunye nokusekwa kweeKomiti zoLawulo lwe-Biodiversity kumgangatho karhulumente wasekuhlaleni.

[[NT.0] Umthetho we-Biological Diversity Act, 2002 ufuna uncedo ekusetyenzisweni kobuncwane bebhayoloji kunye nolwazi lwesithethe. IGunya leSizwe leMicimbi yoLawulo loLawulo lolawulo lonikezelo kwizinto zebhayoloji kwaye liye lavumela izicelo ezingaphezu kwama-300 zophando lwentlobo-ntlobo zendalo nokusetyenziswa korhwebo, linika ingeniso yolondolozo ngezivumelwano eziyingenelo.

Ukugawulwa Kwamahlathi Nokubuyiselwa Kwamahlathi

IIndiya iye yazimisela ukwenza utshona olongezelelekileyo lwekharbon 2.5-3 amawaka ezigidi ze-CO2 ezilinganayo kwihlathi elongezelelekileyo kunye nogqumo lwemithi ngo-2030, njengenxalenye yemibutho yayo emiselwe yisizwe enikela ngeMphakelo (NDC). Iinkqubo ezingundoqo ziquka:

  • [[NKQUBO: 0] Ikontathelo yoLawulo lweNgxowa-mali yokuLibazisa kunye neGunya lokuCwangcisa (CAMPA):[[[FTP:1] Ingxowa-mali yeNkundla ePhakamileyo iqokelela intlawulo yentlawulo yezololololozo ze itsale ihlathi lize lizinike ingeniso. ICAMPA corpus idlula i-0600,000 crore (approx. $7.2 amawaka ezigidi zezigidi), elawulwa ngokwemiqathango karhulumente ye-CAPA.
  • Ulolongo lwesizwe kunye nebhodi yokwahlula amahlathi ne-Eco-Develop:[ luneenkqubo zokugawulwa kwemali ngoncedo lwesebe lamahlathi karhulumente kunye neekomiti zokuphatha amahlathi adibeneyo.
  • Imisebenzi yaseIndiya eluhlaza: ijolise kwimekobume yendalo, kuquka amaplanga e-mangrove, amadlelo, kunye namahlathi, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kuluntu.
  • Ihlathi lase-Urban kunye neNagar Van Createm: yaqaliswa ngo2020, icebo lokuvelisa amahlathi amakhulu asedolophini kwizixeko ezidibeneyo nemimandla yasekuhlaleni, icandelo langasese, kunye nemizimba yasekuhlaleni.

Igqubuthelo lamahlathi aseIndiya, njengoko lixelwa yi - Indian State of Forest Report 2023, likwi - 21.76% yommandla welizwe, ulwando lweekhilomitha ezingama - 1 445 ezikwemitha ezikwesikwere ukususela ngowama - 2021. Noko ke, inkxalabo iyaqhubeka ngomgangatho ogqunywe ngamahlathi, ngokukodwa iyancipha kumlinganiselo ophakathi nakumbindi wemimandla yaseIndiya.

Ulwando Lwamandla Olunokuhlaziywa

Ukhokelo lwamandla elanga

I-Indiya ivelise njengendlu yamandla elanga yomhlaba wonke. International Solar Alliance (ISA]], ekwasekwa kuyo yi-Indiya neFransi ngo-2015, ngoku inamazwe angaphezu kwe 120 angamalungu. Ekhaya, i-Indiya ifake u-81 GW yombilini we-2025, phezulu ukusuka ku-3 GW ngo-2014.

  • Udweliso lweMiphaka yesola: Uphuhliso lwendawo eziziipaki ezingamashumi amahlanu ezingqukuva kumazwe angama-22, ngalinye elingaphezulu kwe-500 MW
  • Rooftop Solar Programme: Ukuxhobisa ukufezekisa i 40 GW yobubanzi belanga ezulwini ngo-2026
  • [[FLT: 0] Udweliso lwe-PLI lwelanga PV Ukusetyenziswa: Ukudibanisa 7624,000 crore ukwakha amandla okwakha asekhaya ukusuka ku 60 GW ukuya ku 100 GW
  • Amaqondo aluhlaza avulekileyo unikezelo, 2022: Avumela abathengi ukuba bafumane imvelaphi yamandla avuselelekayo ngqo kubenzi

Amandla omoya kunye neeprojekthi eziphethukileyo

IIndiya ibala isine emhlabeni wonke kumthamo womoya ofakweyo, omalunga no-46 GW. IMission yeSizwe yoMmoya igxininisa ekufumaneni iinjini ezindala, ukuphuhliswa komoya oselunxwemeni (ibhekiselele kwi30 GW ngango-2030), kunye nemisebenzi exutyiweyo yomoya welanga. Unxweme lwaseGujarat noluyiTamil Nadu lwafunyanwa kuqalizo ezokuqala ukuqeshwa emoyeni, kunye nezithutho ezivelwe ngo-2024.

Iinjongo zamandla anokuhlaziywa

I-NDC ehlaziyiweyo yaseIndiya isebenza kwi-500 GW yomthamo wombane ongengowo-fossil ngo-2030. Ngonyaka wama-2025, umthamo ohlaziyekileyo wamandla ungaphaya kwe-180 GW (kuquka i-hydrowar enkulu). Ilizwe linenjongo yokudibana ne-50% yeemfuno zombane ezihlaziywayo kwimithombo ngo-2030. Ngelixesha amalahle ehlala ingumthombo olawulayo (malunga nama-220 GW afakiwe), ukwabelana kweengxelo zokubuyiselwa kwisizukulwana kunyuke malunga ne-30% kwiFY2025, ngenjongo yesigaba samalahle ehlayo kunokuphuma ngaphandle, ukwamkela ukhuseleko kunye nokuqwalasela umsebenzi.

Ukungaguquguquki Kwemozulu Nolawulo Lwentlekele

Ulungelelwaniso

Ukutshintsha kwemozulu yase-Indiya kubangela ukuba kusetyenziswe imali engaphezu kwama-70 ekhulwini enkcitho yemozulu, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba eli lizwe lichanabeke kwimozulu embi. Iinkqubo ezingundoqo ziquka:

  • INgxowa-mali ehlaziywayo yelizwe kuTshintshiso lwemo yezulu (NAFCC):[ imisebenzi yokuguqula izimali kwezolimo, kubuncwane bamanzi, nakumacandelo onxweme, enee-crore ezingaphezulu kwe-761,000 ezabelwe iiprojekthi zomgangatho karhulumente.
  • [[UMGAQO-MALI] Ulawulo lwengingqi: Umbindi woLawulo lwesizwe lonxweme oluzinzileyo usebenza kukwenziwa kwemaphu yengozi, ukubuyiselwa kwe-magrove, kunye noqhelaniso loluntu kwiSundarbans nakweminye imimandla yonxweme.
  • Urban Heat Island Mitigation: Isicwangciso seHeat Action Prime, esenziwa ngoovulindlela nguAhmedabad ngo 2013 kwaye ngoku ephinda-phindwa kwizixeko ezingama-30, iquka iinkqubo zokulumkisa kwangoko, amaziko okupholisa, kunye nokwakha utshintsho lwezinto ukuze kuncitshiswe iziphumo zoxinzelelo lobushushu.
  • [[NT.0] Imission Shantioti ye-MGNREGA I-Integration: Ukunxulumanisa iMahatma Gandhi National Goralmilty ActStict neMercementsss (ongaphezulu 60% we-MGNREGA ibandakanya ugcino-manzi, ukuvuselelwa kwamanzi asemhlabeni, kunye nolwakhiwo oluthe ngqo kumgangatho wedolophana.

Ukunciphisa iingozi

ISigunya soLawulo lwentlekele sesizwe (NDMA) silungelelanisa ukusabela kwemozulu enxulumene nentlekele. Ulawulo lwenkanyamba luphucule ngokunjalo($ iCyclone Phailin (2013) ukususwa kwabantu abazizigidi eziyi-1,2] kwanciphisa ukufa kwaba ngama-45 athelekiswa ne 10 000+ kwinkanyamba enkulu yonyaka ka-1999. Urhulumente uye wafaka imali kwikhusi, iinkqubo ezilumkisayo, kunye neenkqantonga zomngxuma zonxweme. Iinkqubo ezixela ukhukula zaselwandle ziye zanweba ukugquma 250+ iziti zomlambo, kwaye iprojelo yeNkqubo yoLawulo lweMkhukula i-El Yokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo kunye nokuqeqeshwa komlambo ziyasebenza.

Intsebenziswano Yamazwe Ngamazwe Nemozulu Engenazicombululo

Isivumelwano saseParis ne-NDC

I-Indiya ngumdlali ongundoqo kwingxoxo yemozulu yezizwe ngezizwe. Iminikelo yayo Emiselwe zweni (NDC) phantsi kwesivumelwano se Paris, esihlaziyiweyo ngowama-2022, iyanikezela ku:

  • Ukunciphisa ubunzulu beGDP ngo-45% ngo-2030 ukusuka kumgangatho wama-2005
  • Ukhuphiswano oluvela kwimithombo engangeni fossil ngo-2030
  • Yenza ikharbon ekrwada eyongezelelekileyo eneetoni ezingama-2.42 ezigidi ze-CO2 ezilinganayo kwihlathi nakwigquma imithi ngo-2030

Indiya ibhengeze ixhoba lomnatha-zero ngu 2070, nangona abahlalutyi bephawula olu cwangciso lwekharbon olubalulekileyo olunxulumene nexhoba elingu 2050 lamazwe aphucukileyo.

Ubandakanyeko Lwamacandelo Ahlukahlukeneyo Nolweziko

I-Indiya ithatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwi [[FLT: 0] Isivumelwano seNtlalo yeNkangeleko yeNkangeleko yeNkcubeko [i-CD-], i-International Solar Alliance, kunye ne-Asia-Pacificial Climatical interrial internety [. Intsebenziswano ye-mente elungeleleneyo necocekileyo ibanzi eJapan, i-UBukumkani obumanyeneyo, neUnited States. Isenzo se-AFFM)[FMFD] [FLD], iveliswa ngobugcisa obucocekileyokudluliswa kwezentengiso, kunye nobugcisa obusetyenziswayo. [[FLT]

I-Indiya iye yadlala indima eyakhayo kwiqela lokusebenza lemali elixhasiweyo kwaye iye yaba ngumxhasi onamandla wemeko-bume kunye nokulingana kwimimandla yezizwe ngezizwe, igxininisa uxanduva lwembali lwamazwe aphukileyo nomgaqo weemfanelo eziqhelekileyo kodwa ezahlukileyo kunye nezobuGqaba (CBDR-RC).

Ubandakanyeko loLuntu noLawulo

Ulawulo lwamahlathi adityanisiweyo (JFM)

Ukususela ngo-1990, i-JFM ibibandakanya abantu basekuhlaleni abakhusela amahlathi nabalawuli be-Dolophana iKomiti yeeKlavini neKomiti zoLawulo lwamahlathi. Abagxeki baphawula ukuba igalelo le-JFM limalunga nama-25 ezigidi ze-hektare yehlathi. Iingenelo ziquka amalungelo e-ufruct (ukuqokelelwa kwamaplanga, imfuno yerhafu, nemveliso yamahlathi angeyokusetyenziswa ngebhanki), umsebenzi wasehlathini, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemali ekhusini ekuvulweni kwemithi.

Igram Sabha kunye neeKomiti zoLawulo lwe-biodiversity

I-Biological Diversity Act igunyazisa i-Biodiversity Davity Committee (BMCs) kumgangatho we-gamgram pankayat, ebhala ingqokelela yendalo, ilungiselela i-Biodiversity Registers, kwaye iqinisekisa ukungenelwa okungaguquguqukiyo ekusetyenzisweni kwentlobo-ntlobo-ntlobo. Ngaphezu kwama-5,500 BMCs asungulwe, ingakumbi kumazwe akwizinto eziphilayo-zahlukeneyo njengeKerala, i-Odisha, kunye ne-Himal Pradesh. Amalungelo afanelekileyo afanelekileyo afanelekileyo entlalo-mahlathi, awamkela amalungelo asekuhlaleni angaphezulu kwezigidi ezi-15, agunyazisa uluntu ukuba kulawule amahlathi phantsi kwemibutho lazo.

Ukubonelela Ngemeko

Urhulumente uqhuba iCampe yeNkcubeko yeNdebeko yeMbewu yeNational (NEAC), eyiphi imali ye-NGOS, izikolo, kunye neekholeji ukuqhuba iinkqubo zokuphaphamela ulawulo lwenkunkuma, ulondolozo lwamanzi, kunye nentshukumo yemozulu. Abathathi-nxaxheba abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-2 bafikelelwa minyaka le. udweliso lwesizwe lweGreengrew [ inkqubo ye-ECOM] iseke i-Clubs kwizikolo ezingaphezu kwe-10,000, ezibandakanya abafundi ekutyaleni imithi nakuhlola amandla. Izixeko ezingundoqo abami be-Scelogosa ngokwee-nzululwazi kwimeko-bume yezulu.

Ucelomngeni Nokugxekwa

IMithetho

Nangona kukho ucwangciso lwemigaqo-nkqubo ebanzi, ukuphunyezwa komsebenzi akukahambelani.

  • Ukuxhomekeka koncedo lwemali: Ityala lemali kwisizukulwana esingamashumi asixhenxe eepesenti zombane, kwaye isigaba somphantsi wamalahle sithintelwa ngokuqwalasela ukhuseleko lwamandla kunye namazwe axhomekeke kumalahle. Imvume yesityalo samalahle esitsha iyaqhubeka nanjengoko kwandiswa okukhawulezisa okutsha.
  • Ingxaki yongcoliso: Inkqubo yeNational Clean Air Programme (NCAP) ijolise kunciphiso lwe-40% kumgangatho wePM.5.56 ngo-2026 (u-2019-line) kodwa inkqubela phambili iye yacotha kwizixeko ezininzi ezili-132 ezingeyo-afikeleleki. Ngama-30 kuphela asemadolophini ajongene namaxhoba.
  • Ulawulo oluphezulu: Ukusetyenziswa kwelizwe lamahlathi ekumbaleni, izibonelelo zezixhobo (iindlela, iindlela), kunye neeprojekthi zokukhusela ziyaqhubeka, ngokucoca imekobume esoloko ikhutshwa ngaphandle kokuthotyelwa kwemiqathango yamahlathi.
  • Uxinzelelo lwamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, ingakumbi kwiPunjab, iHaryana, kunye neenxalenye zeTelayana, lubangela umngcipheko wokwakha. IJal Shakti Abhiyan neAtal Bhujal Yhojana yenze indlela elinganiselweyo ephambili kwimigaqo-nkqubo yokulima neyokulawula.
  • Amandla omgaqo-siseko: Ibhodi zokulawula ungcoliso kumgangatho ophakathi nombuso aphantsi kwezixhobo zokusebenza kwaye axhotyiswe kancinane, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunyanzelweni komthetho okukhutshwa nokukhutshwa kwemilinganiselo encinci.

Umgangatho wemali

Imfuno yemeko-bume yase-Indiya iqikelelwa kwi-$2,5 bhiliyoni ngo-2030. Imali karhulumente yangoku evela kuyo yonke imithombo (uqingqo-mali lwemali oluphakathi, uqingqo-mali lwemali, uncedo oluninzi lombuso) ilingana malunga ne-R22 yezigidi zezigidi zezigidi ngonyaka, ishiya isithuba esikhulu. Utyalo-mali lwamacandelo obuqu kumandla avuselelweyo, kodwa utshintsho lwemali, ingakumbi kwezolimo, amanzi, kunye nezonxweme, i-arsssss. Imali ye-National Conterationmentation Fund ishiye isihlobo esiphantsi kobugciso olufunayo.

Usukelo Nemaphu Yexesha Elizayo

I-Nethi-Zero 2070 kunye neeNqanawa ze-Interim

Ixhoba lomnatha we-1970 ngo-2070 lixhaswa ngamaqhosha amahlanu aphakathi abizwa ngokuba yi iPanchamrit

  • Umthamo wesibasi ongangeni manzi ngo-2030
  • Umbane ofunekayo kwizinto ezihlaziywayo ngo-2030
  • Unciphiso lwemawaka ezigidi zetoni enye ye-CO2 ekhutshwayo ngowama-2030
  • Unciphiso lomlinganiselo we-GDP ngo-45% ngo-2030 (ukususela ngo-2005)
  • Ukwenziwa komjuxuzo owongezelelekileyo weetoni ezingama-2.4-3 amawaka ezigidi kwihlathi eligqunywe yikhabhoni

I- I-LIFE Mission (Ubomi bemekobume), endululwe eCOP26, ikhuthaza iipateni ezizinzileyo zokusetyenziswa komzimba ngotshintsho lokuziphatha kumgangatho womntu ngamnye kunye noluntu, ukujolisa kumandla, amanzi, inkunkuma, kunye nokukhetha ukutya.

Iimaphu zomgaqo-nkqubo

Ukuhamba okungatshintshiyo: Urhulumente ujolise amaxhoba e-30% entengiso yesithuthi sombane ngo-2030, exhaswe yiFAME (Umbutho Wokwamkelwa Kwabantwana kunye Nokusetyenziswa Kwe Hybrid Ne-Gelle Vehicles) udweliso lwezicwangciso kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yombuso ye-EV. Ukubekwa kwesiseko sesiseko sesakhiwo kulinganiswa ngamacandelo oncedo karhulumente kunye nentsebenziswano yecandelo labucala.

I-hydrogen eluhlaza: INational Green Hydrogen Mission, enomngxuma we-1919 7444 crore, amaxhoba emveliso ye-tonnes ezi-5 ze-hydrogen eluhlaza ngonyaka ngo-2030, ibeka i-Indiya njengesiseko sehlabathi lonke semveliso yehydrogen kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.

I-Indiya iphuhlisa imithetho yesiseko somsebenzi womvelisi owenziwe ngeplastiki, ibhetri, i-waste, kunye necandelo le-tyre. I-Swach Bharat Mission kunye noLawulo lwePlastic Waste Ijolise ekufumaneni 50% yeplastiki ephindaphindwayo ngo-2026.

Imarike yeCalbon: UMthetho weNjengo yokuHlanganisa iMwezo (Amendment) 2022 uvumela ukudalwa kwecebo lokuthenga ngetyala lekharbon, kulindeleke ukuba lisebenze ngo-2026, linika ubuchule bokuthengisa ukuncitshiswa kokuzithandela nokusetyenziswa kwemichiza esetyenziswayo.

Utshintsho Oluphambili

Urhulumente usebenzela ukuseka iFLT Forest ne-Scemin Service njengekharethi elinikezelweyo, uqinisa uBungameli benzululwazi kunye nobuchule bokunyanzelisa iNkathi. Isiseko solu hlobo lwe-GDP , phantsi kokuphuhliswa kwe-National Astrom Survery Office, izakuba netyala lokuncipha kwekomkhulu kwingxelo yesizwe kwingxelo yesizwe, izise izigqibo ezizinzileyo ezizinziweyo nezigqibileyo.

Isiphelo

Indlela yeIndiya yokulondolozwa kwemekobume kunye nokulawulwa kwemozulu ibonisa isikhundla sayo esikhethekileyo njengelizwe elikhulayo elinomnqweno onzulu wokukhula, iinguqu zemekobume entle, kunye nokungalawuleki kwemozulu. Inkqubo yenkqubo `iimiyalelo] yokulawula imibutho ye-NAPCCC kunye neenkqubo zokulondolozwa kwezilwanyana (iyazichaza zonke kwaye idla ngokuhambelana nenkqubela. Noko ke, ukuxhobisa kuhlala kunyanzelekile ngenxa yemiqobo, iingcinezelo eziphikisanayo, kunye neemfuno zemali.

Urhulumente uye wabonisa isiqinisekiso sokwenyaniso sokwandisa amandla avuselelweyo, ukubuyisela amahlathi, nokwakha imozulu elula, kodwa ukuxhomekeka kumalahle, uxinzelelo lwamanzi, kunye nongcoliso kuyaqhubeka kubangela ubungozi obukhoyo. Ulawulo lwemekobume yaseIndiya luza kuxhomekeka ekomelezeni izakhiwo zasekuhlaleni, ukuphuhlisa utshintsho, nokuqinisekisa ukuba i-conefififit yomsebenzi wemo yezulu nemeko-bume, i-enzalise indalo, i-enza i-adiversity, i-mentility, i-me eninzi, kunye nezinto ezizigcinayo ezikhoyo emhlabeni. Ingxelo ye-FFFFF: [1], [FFFF: [2], i-PFFFFT], kunye nemithetho yezenkcutmentation projectalments transmes transmes transmes transmes transmes [FFFFFF: R],[3], i-FFFFFFFodment:], i-FF