Table of Contents

Iqinisekisa ukuba ummi ngamnye ofanelekileyo angafaka ibhola ngaphandle kokuthintelwa ligumbi lokuthatha inxaxheba kwedemokhrasi. Imiqobo yeelwimi kwiindawo zokuvota ezineelwimi ezininzi ihlala ingomnye wemiqobo engapheliyo ekuququzeleleni ngokupheleleyo. Abasebenzi abangaluchananga ulwimi olulawulayo basoloko bedideka, besoyikisa, okanye bedideka ngokupheleleyo xa besenza inkqubo yokuvota ebonakala ingaqhelekanga. Ukuphendula le miqobo akungombandela nje wokuzinceda; kuyimfuneko esemthethweni nokuziphatha ukuxhasa umgaqo womntu omnye, ivoti enye.

Eli nqaku linika abalawuli bonyulo, imibutho yasekuhlaleni, nabenzi beenkqubo ukuba baqonde, baqonde, baze boyise imiqobo yolwimi. Ngokwandisa imingeni, izigunyaziso ezisemthethweni, iindlela ezivunyiweyo, nezisombululo zobugcisa, sichaza indlela iindawo zokuvota ezinokuba zifikeleleke ngayo ngokwenene kubo bonke abavoti, kungakhathaliseki ukuba bathetha ulwimi olunjani.

Isakhiwo Sasemthethweni Sokuguqulela Iilwimi Ezininzi

Kumazwe amaninzi, ingakumbi iUnited States, ukufikelela kolwimi kunyulo kukhuselwe ngumthetho. ICandelo lama-203 loMthetho wamaLungelo a-Voting Rights ligunyazisa ukuba amagunya athile anike izixhobo zokuvota kunye noncedo lwasemthethweni xa inxalenye engundoqo yabemi bovotelwayo ilinganiselwe kwiNgqiza (LEP) kwaye inesantya esiphantsi sokufunda. Umthetho ugubungela iilwimi ezinjengeSpanish, isiChina, isiVietnamese, isiKorea, isiNavajo, nezinye, kuxhomekeke kuluntu lwasekuhlaleni. Uphengululo lwezithili kufuneka zinikezele iibhola, imiyalelo yokuvota, imiyalelo yokuvota, kunye nezazi ngeelwimi ezigutyungelwayo, kwaye kufuneka zinikeze uncedo olukwimimandla yokuvota iilwimi.

Ngaphaya kweemfuno zikarhulumente, amazwe amaninzi nemimandla iye yamisela iinkqubo zayo zolwimi. Umzekelo, iKhalifoniya ifuna imimandla ethetha iilwimi ezininzi apho ulwimi oluncinane lugqitha umqobo othile. Ukuqonda izibophelelo ezisemthethweni linyathelo lokuqala ekuyileni icebo lokuvota elinempumelelo. Ukungathobeli kunokubangela iingxaki ezingokwasemthethweni, ukucutha umvoti, kunye nengozi ekuthembeni abantu.

[[UMTL:0] izibonelelo ezingundoqo:

Iingxaki Eziphambili Kwindawo EzineeNkcukacha Ezininzi

Imiqobo yolwimi ebonakala ngeendlela ezininzi ezidityanisiweyo. Ukuguqulelwa kombhalo webhola ekha phezulu akunqabilenga. Le mingeni ilandelayo kufuneka iqwalaselwe ngokucwangcisiweyo.

1. Ukuguqulelwa kuchanekile kwaye kungokwenkcubeko

Iinguqulelo zoqobo zingayigqwetha intsingiselo, ingakumbi kumagama onyulo olusemthethweni okanye lobugcisa. Umzekelo, amagama afana “ne-collet,” "i-ID,” okanye“ affidavit” anokuba nezingqinelanayo ngqo kwezinye iilwimi. Abaguquleli kufuneka baqeqeshelwe kumagama onyulo kwaye bayazi iinkalo-mgeni zengingqi. Iinguqulelo ezichanekileyo zingakhokelela ekuvotizeni iimpazamo, ekutsibeni intlanga, okanye ekuphoseni iibhola ezingekho mthethweni.

2. Ukungakwazi ukufunda nokubhala nokungabi namdla wokuhamba

Abanye abavoti abathetha ulwimi ngokutyibilikayo bangafunda okanye babhale ngaloo lwimi. Izinto zoshicilelo azisebenzi kwaba bantu. Izixhobo zesandi, imiyalelo yevidiyo, kunye noncedo lomlomo ziyagxeka. Abasebenzi abarhwebi kufuneka baqeqeshelwe ukuchola nokuncedisa abavoti abangaqeshwanga ngaphandle kwehlazo.

3. Ukungakhuthazi Abasebenzi Abarhwebeshayo

Ukuphinda uhlawulwe kwaye ugcine abasebenzi bokhetho abathetha iilwimi ezimbini abaneleyo lucelomngeni oluzingisileyo. Amazwe amaninzi atsala nzima ukugubungela zonke iimfuno zolwimi, ingakumbi kwiilwimi eziqhelekileyo okanye ngexesha lonyulo oluqhelekileyo okanye ngexesha lonyulo oluphezulu. Ngaphandle kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo, abavoti bangajongana nokulindela uncedo ixesha elide okanye bafumane uncedo olungelulo.

Umqondiso kunye nokufumana

Iindawo zokungcolisa zisoloko zinobume obuntsonkothileyo. Imiqondiso eyalathisa abavoti ukuba bakhangele iitafile, iintente zokuvota, kunye neebhokisi zokulahla kufuneka zibe zezilwimi ezininzi. Ukusebenzisa imiqondiso yehlabathi (imifanekiso ebonisa “indawo yokungcolisa,” iqala apha”) idityaniswe yeelwimi eziqhelekileyo zingaphucula uqukuqelo. Noko ke, ukutyikitya okugqithisileyo okuneelwimi ezininzi kubangela ubugxwayiba nokudideka.

5. Izithintelo zobuxhakaxhaka

Oomatshini bokuvota be-electronic basenokuba nenkxaso elinganiselweyo yolwimi olungaphaya kweelwimi ezimbalwa ezingundoqo. Abasebenzi abasebenza ngorhwaphilizo kufuneka bazi indlela yokuguqula imidibaniso yolwimi, kwaye abavoti bafuna imiyalelo ecacileyo. Ngaphezu koko, i-intanethi yovota izibuko lovotelo kunye nezicelo zokurhoxa zesicelo zisoloko zinika iinketho zolwimi ezomeleleyo, zidala imiqobo phambi kokuba umvoti afikelele kwindawo yokuvota.

[[NTLT: 0] umba ongaphandle: Ingqungquthela yesizwe yemithetho yesizwe (NCSL) yolwazi lolwimi olukhoyo [[FLT: 3] inikeza ulwazi lwemeko-mgaqo kwimithetho yonyulo yeelwimi ezininzi.

Izizathu Zokoyisa Izithintelo Zeelwimi

Izisombululo ezisebenzayo ezidityanisiweyo zokulungiselela, uqeqesho, nenkxaso esemhlabeni. Ezi ndlela zilandelayo ziboniswe ukunciphisa ubunzima bolwimi olunxulumene nolwimi nokwandisa intembelo yomvoti.

1. Phuthuza iibhola kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswa ngeelwimi ezininzi

Iibhola kufuneka ziguqulelwe zonke, hayi nje imiyalelo okanye iibhola zokulinganisa. Zonke iinntlanga, iingcebiso, namagama okucela ukuguqulwa kufuneka zivele ngeelwimi ezigutyungelweyo. Sebenzisa ukulungiselela okuzingisileyo kwaye uphephe izifinyezo ezingaguquleki kakuhle. Sasaza iibhola zokulinganisa ngeelwimi ezininzi ngeposi, ii-intanethi, kunye namaziko oluntu phambi koSuku lokhetho ukuze abavoti babonise phambi koshicilelo nophando.

2. Abasebenzi Abasebenza Ngobundlobongela, Abaqeqeshi, Nabasebenzi Abasebenzisa Imveliso Yokubhala

Abasebenzi bokhetho lokuvota basebenza njengomgca wokuqala woncedo. Imigudu yokuzikisa kufuneka ijolise kwiintlangano zoluntu, amajelo oluntu, amajelo-ndaba ohlanga, nezikolo zolwimi. Uqeqesho kufuneka lugubungele iinkqubo zonyulo, imfihlo, inkcubeko, nendlela yokuphatha utoliko oludluliselwa ngomlomo kwindawo leyo. Banike abasebenzi abanezigaba ezimbini apho banokubonwa lula khona `Ngomzekelo, ngeebheji okanye amaqhosha olwimi abaluthethayo.

Qwalasela ukuseka “iqela elixhasa ulwimi” elibhadula phakathi kwebala ukuphendula ukhupho-gophe. Eli qela lingafumaneka ngomnxeba ukuze litolike ixesha lokwenene ukuba intelekelelo yento inciphile.

3. Nika Uncedo lolwimi olushushu kunye notoliko olukude

Iinkonzo zokutolika umnxeba zingadibanisa kuncedo lwe-person. Abasebenzi bangabiza i-frice epheleleyo ukuva iinkcazelo zebhola ngolwimi lwabo okanye ukuthetha ngotoliko. Amanye amagunya asebenzisa utoliko lwevidiyo (VRI) ukunikezela ngolwimi lwezandla okanye unxibelelwano lobuso.

4. Sebenzisa iiAids, Imifuziselo, kunye neePctogram

Imiyalelo yobonelo ingaphaya kolwimi. Sebenzisa imifanekiso engumqondiso ecacileyo ukwenzela “uzaliso i-oval,” kunye“ nokucela uncedo.” Isampuli egqityiweyo kwilwimi ngalunye ingasebenza njengemodeli. Imiqondiso esezantsi iyakwazi ukubonisa apho ingafumana khona uncedo lolwimi. I-International Association of Public Protition (IAP2) ivelise imifanekiso engumqondiso esebenzayo kwiinkqubo zokuvota ezisebenza kwizithethe zonke.

5. Ukuncedisana nemibutho yoluntu ukuze kufunyanwe

Imibutho esekelwe kuluntu (i-CBOs) yimithombo ethembekileyo yolwazi lwabemi be-LEP. Isebenzisana nabo ukuqhuba iindawo zoshicilelo zemfundo zangaphambi kokhetho, ukusasaza izinto ezineelwimi ezininzi, kunye namatshantliziyo aqeqeshiweyo. I-CBOs inokubanceda ekuboneni umahluko weelwimi eziphoswa luguqulelo olusemthethweni. Cinga ukubanika unikezelo lokuqhuba uncedo olungelulo lwe-opartical umvoti kwindawo zokuvota (ephantsi kwemithetho yasekuhlaleni).

6. Ukwenza umsebenzi ube lula

Iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo, ezifana nokuvota, utyikityo, kunye neemfuno zovoti, kunzima kakhulu ukucacisa kwiilwimi zonke. Xa kunokwenzeka, imigaqo yemijelo ukucutha umthwalo ekutolikeni. Inika i-starts ezicacileyo, ezithi zihambe ngenyathelo ngeelwimi ezininzi kwisikhululo ngasinye.

[[FLT: 0] umba ophambili: I-[FLT] Imanyano yesizwe ye-Latino Edefiwe neMimiselo yamagosa (NALEO) Imali Emfundo ipapashe izikhokelo zokufaka i-Latinovoti kwaye ingasebenza njengemodeli yamaqela ezinye iilwimi.

Ukuzalisekisa Isicwangciso Solwimi Oluninzi

Ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso asingomsebenzi wexesha elinye; kufuneka kujongwe kwaye kuhlaziywe umjikelo ngamnye wonyulo. La manyathelo alandelayo anika imaphu yomgwaqo.

1. Khakha iNkcubeko yeNkcubeko yeNkcubeko

Sebenzisa ugcino-lwazi lokubala, iingxelo zobhaliso lukarhulumente, kunye nohlolisiso loluntu lokufumanisa ukuba ziziphi iilwimi ezithethwayo kwaye ngawaphi amanqanaba obuchule bamaNgesi. misela apho amanani e-LEP axhaswe khona ngelizwe elithile. Olu hlolisiso kufuneka luhlaziywe rhoqo kwiminyaka emihlanu ukuya kwelishumi, okanye xa kuvela utshintsho olubalulekileyo lwamanani abantu.

2. Basebenzise ngokwaneleyo Oovimba

Ukuguqulela, ukushicilela, iinkonzo zokutolika, kunye nokuqeqesha abasebenzi bovolo kufuneka zonke iindleko. Izinto zoludwe lohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali kufuneka zigubungele isiqinisekiso sabaguquleli, ukuvavanywa kovavanyo, kunye neenkonzo zokutolika zokhuselo.

3. Ukuncedisana neeNkonzo zokuguqulela zooGcisa nabaQinisekisi boLuntu

Musa ukuxhomekeka kubaguquleli abangamatsha - ntliziyo kuphela. Abarhwebi abangoochule abanamava ngolwimi olusemthethweni nolonyulo. Emva koko iinguqulelo zihlolisiswe ngamalungu oluntu athethayo aqheleneyo namagama ezobupolitika nonyulo. Le nkqubo yenyathelo lesibini iphucula ucoselelo nokufaneleka kwenkcubeko.

4. Uyilo lwenkqubo yokuxhasa ulwimi lwendawo ekufutshane

Yenza umzobo wenkxaso yolwimi lwendawo nganye yokuvota. Ukunyulwa kwe-Lwimi Access Coordinator (LAC) ijongene nolawulo lwezicelo zotoliko, ukwaba izinto, kunye nokusombulula imiba. Thumela uphawu olucacileyo ngeelwimi ezininzi olulathisela abavoti kwi LAC. Qinisekisa ukuba bonke abasebenzi bovotelo bayakwazi ukunxibelelana ne LAC kunye ne-frine.

5. Qeqesha Abasebenzi Abasebenza Ngokuvelisa Iingcamango Zemithetho Yoncedo Leelwimi

Kufuneka uqeqesho luquke imo: Kuthekani ukuba umvoti uthetha ulwimi olungagutyungelwanga ngezinto ezishicilelweyo? Umvoti ufanele amphathe njani umvoti ongakwaziyo ukufunda ivoti eguqulelweyo? Indlela yokusebenzisa inkonzo yokutolika umnxeba? Ukugxininisa ubundilele, umonde, nentlonelo. Quka intlanganiso ejongene nocalucalulo olucacileyo nokubaluleka kokungacebisi ngomntu ovotayo ukufunda nokubhala okanye ngolwimi alukhethileyo.

6. Ukufumaneka kolwimi olungenayo ngomhla wokhetho

Abaqwalaseli abasuka kwiofisi yonyulo kunye namaqabane oluntu ukukhangela ukuba izinto zokhetho ziboniswe ngeelwimi ezininzi, abasebenzi abathetha iilwimi ezimbini bakhona, kwaye kunikwa ukutolikwa. Uhlolisiso lwendlela yokuziphatha lwasemva kokhetho lwe-LEP ukuvavanya ulwaneliseko nokuchonga izithuba. Sebenzisa le ngxelo ukucombulula isicwangciso sonyulo olulandelayo.

Indima Yobugcisa Ekuthinteleni Iilwimi

Ubugcisa bungandisa kodwa bungathathi indawo yoncedo lwabantu. Zininzi izixhobo ezifanele ukuqwalaselwa.

1. Izixhobo zombane zombane zolwimi oluninzi

Oomatshini abaninzi bokuvota bale mihla bavumela umvoti ukuba akhethe ulwimi lwabo kwimenu ekuqaleni kwentlanganiso. Ezimatshini zinganika ivoti yonke ngaloo lwimi, kuquka isandi sabavoti abangakwaziyo ukubona. Iinjongo kufuneka zivavanye iinguqulelo ngokucokisekileyo kwaye ukutshintsha ulwimi akuyilenzi iimpazamo kwinkqubo.

2. Iinjongo zenqwelo-moya zolwazi lwe Voter

Iinkqubo zonyulo ezisemthethweni zinganika ukhangelo lwenqanaba, iibhola ezimfutshane, kunye nendawo yokuvota iimaphu ngeelwimi ezininzi. Izaziso zomceli zingakhumbuza abavoti ukuba bazise i-ID efunekayo kwaye zingaquka imiyalelo ecacileyo yolwimi. Noko ke, ukuxhomekeka kwiinkqubo kuthatha unikezelo lwefowuni kunye nokufunda amanani, okungasayi kubakho kuluntu jikelele phakathi kwabemi be-LEP.

3. Ukuguqulela ngefowuni iizibuko kunye neebhokisi

Iiofisi zokhetho zingapapasha ingcaciso yamagama okuvota aqhelekileyo aguqulelwe kwiilwimi ezininzi. Iincwadi zingafikelela kwezi zixhobo ngaphambi nakuSuku Lokhetho. I-EAC inika inkcazelo ekhuphekayo ebizwa ngokuba “Isikhokelo Solwimi Oluqhelekileyo Kuluhlu-Lweelwimi” ngeelwimi ezininzi.

Izihloko zoguqulelo lwelizwi lwexesha lokwenene

Ezinye iinkqubo zomqhubi zinikezele iintloko-ndlela zikanomathotholo ezivumela abavoti ukuba beve itoliko ephilayo ngexa behamba kwindawo yokuvota. Oku kunokuba luncedo ngokukhethekileyo kubavoti ababonayo abakhetha ukuphulaphula ukulesa. Izisombululo ezinjalo zifuna utyalo olubalulekileyo kodwa lunganciphisa kakhulu ukudideka.

[[UMTL: 0] unikezelo lwenkcubeko:[ I I-EC'S Voter Access and Active Report iquka uphando olukuvavanyo lokusetyenziswa kobugcisa ukufikelela kolwimi.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala: Izifundo Ezifumaneka Kwiinkqubo Eziphumelelayo

Imimandla emininzi iye yaphumelela kakhulu ekuvoteni ngeelwimi ezininzi.

ISan Francisco, eKhalifoniya

I-San Francisco ilungiselela iivoti nezinto zokhetho ngesiNgesi, iSpanish, isiTshayina, isiFilipino, nesiRashiya. ISebe lengingqi leMiboniso lisebenza neKomiti yeSizwe yoNdebe lolwimi lwe-Advisory ukuphinda iguqule. Abasebenzi bovolo baqhutyelwa kwiphulo eliquka ubuzwe bobuzwe. Ngo-2020, isixeko sasungula “ucwangciso lolwimi lweHero” lokuqeqesha nokuthumela amakhulu amatsha - ntliziyo afunda iilwimi ezimbini.

Cook County, Illinois

Igquma iChicago neendawo zokuhlala, iCook County inikela iibhola zomqeshwa ngesiNgesi, iSpanish, isiTshayina, isiHindi, isiKorea, isiTagalog kunye nezinye. Ingingqi isebenzisa inkxaso ephakathi yolwimi olushushu edibanisa abavoti kwiilwimi ezingaphezu kwe- 150. Iindawo zolawulo zasekuhlaleni zigcinwa kummandla okwimimandla ephezulu yabemi be-LEP.

IKing County, eWashington

IKing County izityalisela kakhulu ekuguquleleni nasekukhupheni. I-website yabo yonyulo iguqulelwe kwiilwimi ezisithoba, kwaye iividiyo kwinkqubo yokuvota zibhalwe ngezantsi. Ingingqi isebenzisa ixesha elipheleleyo lokufumana ulwimi olukhethekileyo oluqeqesha abasebenzi bokhetho nokuvelela ubunjani boguqulelo. Uhlolisiso lwePost-ea lubonisa ulwaneliseko oluphezulu phakathi kwe-LEP covota.

Isiphelo: Ukwakha Ulawulo - melo Olupheleleyo

Imiqobo yolwimi akufunekanga ibe sisizathu sokuba ummi angakwazi ukuvota. Ngokudibanisa ukuthotyelwa komthetho, amaqabane oluntu, uqeqesho olucokisekileyo, nokusetyenziswa kakuhle kobugcisa, amagunya onyulo angenza iindawo zokuvota apho wonke umntu aziva enentembelo kwaye ehlonelwa. Amacebo achazwe apha akagqwalaseli, kodwa akha isiseko esiqinileyo sokwenza okuthile.

Amagosa okhetho kufuneka ajonge ukufikelela kolwimi kungeyoxabiso kodwa njengokuveliswa kolawulo-mpumlo lwedemokhrasi. Xa bonke abavoti benokuthatha inxaxheba ekulinganiseni, iziphumo zonyulo zibonisa ngokulunge ngakumbi ukuthanda koluntu lonke. Sikhuthaza lonke igunya lokuhlola amalungiselelo olwimi lwalo olukhoyo, ukudibana noluntu lwe-LEP, kwaye babophelele ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo. Ukuvota okuqukiweyo akuyoprojekthi yexesha elinye; lidinga eliqhubekayo.

Thatha inyathelo lokuqala: Ukutyelela iphepha lolwimi lofikelelo lwe-EC ukwenzela izixhobo, kwaye uqhagamshelane neofisi yakho yonyulo yezwe ukwenzela ukhokelo kwiimfuno zengingqi yenginya neyorhulumente.