Isiseko somGaqo-siseko seBhunga

Isebe lowiso-mthetho, elimiselwe phantsi kweGatya I lomGaqo-siseko waseUnited States, limela eyona ntsika yokuqala nesona siseko yolawulo lwaseMerika. Abalawuli babeka iKhontrala ngabom phambili kulwakhiwo lomgaqo-siseko, bebonakalisa inkolelo yabo yokuba isekela lendlu yowiso-mthetho lifanele libe sisithuthi sokuqala sokuchaza ukuthanda okuthandwayo. Ngokungafaniyo namasebe alawulayo kunye namasebe agweba, isebe lemithetho-mthetho yenzelwe ukuba libe yeyona ibalulekileyo ebantwini, amalungu ajonge unyulo oluthelwe rhoqo neziphumo ezikhawulezi zigqibo. Le siseko sibonakalisa umgaqo obalulekileyo wokuba igunya elisemthethweni liphumele kwimvume yokulawulwa, hayi kwimithetho ye-monarchy okanye kwi-fiat yowisomthetho.

Ulwakhiwo lweBhunga leBhunga le-bitaral lwavela kuNgqungquthela Enkulu yonyaka wewaka linamakhulu asixhenxe87, eyacombulula impikiswano phakathi kwamazwe amakhulu nanamancinane ngokumelwa. Iimeko ezinkulu ezithandwayo zisekelwe kubume babemi, lo gama amazwe amancinane efuna umelo olulinganayo. Ulalaniso olwenziweyo lwamagumbi amabini ahlukeneyo [ anezikhombini, ii-contipectives, ubude, kunye namandla ahlukeneyo, eqinisekisa ukuba omabini abemi nolawulo lorhulumente ziya kukhuselwa. Le sakhiwo singeso sodwa somthetho owezopolitiki kodwa yayiyinjongo enenjongo ephantsi, ikhuthaza, kwaye ikhusela ubundlobongelana babo bambalwa. Indlu yakhawuleziwa njengelungu eliqhelekileyo, elikhuselwe kwinkanuko yonyaka emithandathu, ngexa i-igneigneigney-ndlu ye-egone, ngexesha elinguququququ yabe ifuna ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuqonda isebe lowiso-mthetho kufuna okungaphezulu kunokukhumbula nje ukubetha ngomva iinkqubo; kufuna ukuqaphela ukuba iKhomishini isebenza kwinkqubo yamagunya ahlukeneyo kunye nee-checks kunye nee-aces. Isebe lowiso-mthetho lenza imithetho, kodwa uMongameli uyakwazi ukuyenza, kwaye iNkundla ePhakamileyo ingayivakalisa njengengenagunya. Olu xinezeleko lubangela inkqubo esoloko icothayo nedimazayo kodwa ekugqibeleni yenzelwe ukukhusela inkululeko. Kubemi abafuna ukuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo urhulumente wabo, isebe lowiso-mthetho linikela eyona ngoyena njongo ifikelelekayo yokubotshelelwa, nabameli abanyulwayo nabasabela ngokufanelekileyo kwimicimbi yasekuhlaleni.

IBhunga: Isigqibo Nenkumbulo Yeziko

IBhunga leNdlu yeeNtsimbi zeSizwe, elisoloko lichazwa njengelona linguqu lesizwe lelizwe eliye lafumana imvume, linamalungu alikhulu, amabini avela kwilizwe ngalinye kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngabemi baphi. Olu melo lulinganayo luqinisekisa ukuba amaphondo amancinane njengoWyoming noVermont anelizwi elinye kwiNdlu yeKhalifoniyani kunye neTexas. Abaquququli basebenza ngokweenjongo ezi-6, malunga nesinye sesithathu seNdlundlulo lonyulo nyaka ngamnye. Lo mjikelezo oshukudityathiweyo wenzelwe ukunikezela ngonyulo nozinzo, ukukhusela ukuguquka kwequbuliso lwequbuliso lomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokukhuthaza ukucinga ngemibandela yesizwe.

Amandla Neembopheleleko Ezikhethekileyo

Ngoxa iNdlu yeeNdlu yeeNtsimbi yabelana ngegunya eliqhelekileyo lowiso-mthetho neNdlu yabameli, inamagunya amaninzi akhethekileyo ayenza ibe lilungiselelo elinamandla akhethekileyo. Ezi ziquka:

  • I-Advice kunye neSivumelwano kwiiTreats: UMongameli angaxoxa ngezivumelwano namazwe asemzini, kodwa bafuna ivoti yesithathu esikhulu esingaphezulu kwiBhunga lokunika unikezelo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ukuzinikela kwezizwe ngezizwe kubonakalisa uvumelwano olubanzi lwesizwe kunokuba kubonise ukhetho lwegunya elikhulu kuphela.
  • Ukuqinisekiswa kwamaZiko oMongameli: amagosa aphezulu esebe, abagwebi bephondo, kunye nabagwebi beNkundla ePhakamileyo kufuneka bafumane isiqinisekiso seNtlanganiso. Eli gunya linika iNtlanganiso impembelelo eqinileyo kulwakhiwo nolwalathiso lwamasebe esebe elilawulayo elingurhulumente kunye namasebe aphetheyo.
  • [[NTL:0] Uvavanyo lokuququzelela: Xa iNdlu yabameli ikhupha igosa lesizwe, iNdlu yeNtlanganiso iqhuba ityala ngoJaji oyiNtloko ePhakamileyo ephethe. Uvotelo oluzii-3 ezimbini luyafuneka ukuze kukhutshwe ukunyanzeleka nokususwa eofisini.
  • [[NTLA] I-FLIbuster kunye neNqanawa: isithethe seNdlu yeNtsimbi yengxoxo engenasiphelo sivumela ii-sentenel ukuba zilibazise okanye zivimbe umthetho ngokongeza ukuthetha. I-Clomb, efuna amavoti angama-60, iyimfuneko ukuphelisa i-filibster, ngokuphumelelayo ukwenza imfuneko enkulu efunekayo kumthetho omkhulu obalulekileyo.

Umlinganiselo omncinci kunye namabinzana amade akhuthaza ulwando oluphezulu kunye nolwentengiso lomoya ojikelezayo oluthelekisa nendlu. Abaququzeleli batyekele ekukhuleni kobuchule obunzulu kwiindawo ezithile zemigaqo-nkqubo kwaye basoloko begcina ulwalamano olunqamlezileyo kwimigca yeqela. Noko ke, ukwanda kokuthamba kwemimandla engaphandle kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje kuye kwaphelisa uninzi lwale zithethe, kunye nomlinganiselo onyuka ngokuphawulekayo kunye noxanduva olunqabileyo. Uxinzelelo phakathi kwendima yembali yeBhathene njengelungu elideli elinguququququzelelayo kunye nemfuno lwezobupolitika zale mihla lemfazwe yemfazwe ephezulu lumela olunye ucelomngeni olukhulu olujongene nesebe lowisomthetho namhlanje.

Indlu Yabameli: Ikomkhulu Labantu

Indlu yabameli, enamalungu ayo angama-45, ayenzelwe ukuba abe yigumbi elikufutshane nabantu. Umelo lusekelwe kubemi, norhulumente ngamnye onelungelo lokuba ngummeli omnye. Inani langoku labangama-435 lamiswa nguMthetho wokuVumela i-Propotiationment Act ka-1929, nangona abemi besithili ngasinye sovotelwa besanda ngokuphawulekayo ukususela ngoko, ukusuka malunga nama-210 000 ommeli ngamnye ngo1910 ukuya kuma-760 000 namhlanje. Abameli basebenza iminyaka emibini, befuna ukuba bajongene nee-Propoties ngobuninzi obuphawulekayo kwaye bebenza basabela ngokungaqhelekanga kwimicimbi yasekuhlaleni kunye noluvo lukawonke.

Amandla Abalaseleyo Endlu

NjengeBhunga leNdlu yeeNtsimbi, le ndlu inamagunya aliqela akhethekileyo ayenza yahluke kwigumbi eliphezulu:

  • Ukusetyenziswa kweNgeniso iiBhili zeNgeniso: Zonke iindleko zokunyusa ingeniso kufuneka zivele kwiNdlu yabameli. Eli gunya, elisekelwe kumava e-koloni "akukho rhafu ngaphandle kokumela," liqinisekisa ukuba igumbi liza kuphendula ngqo kubantu lilawula igunya lokuhlawula irhafu.
  • IGunya loKwabelana: Indlu kuphela inamandla okungamele amagosa karhulumente, kuquka uMongameli. Ukucela kufuna ivoti elula yoninzi kwaye ingumntu onegunya kwityala kumthetho wolwaphulo-mthetho.
  • Isigqibo seKholeji efileyo yoLock: Ukuba akukho mvoti ufumana uninzi lwevoti zonyulo zikaMongameli, iNdlu ikhetha uMongameli, kunye negqiza ngalinye lesizwe livota elinye.
  • Isithethi seNdlu: Isithethi, esinyulwe yiNdlu epheleleyo, sigosa eliphetheyo nelona lungu linamandla leBhunga. USithethi ulawula imimiselo yowiso-mthetho, umisela izihlalo zekomiti, kwaye umisa okwesibini kumgca wolawulo emva koMongameli onguMongameli.

Indlu isebenza phantsi kwemithetho engqongqo kuneNdlu yeeNdlu yeeNtlanganiso, enamaxesha alinganiselweyo engxoxo kunye neKomiti yeMimiselo enamandla emisela indlela umthetho ofikelela ngayo kumgangatho. Esi sakhiwo sivumela iNdlu ukuba iqhube kakuhle, kodwa sikwanikel ’ ingqalelo amandla abalulekileyo kulawulo loMthetheli noloninzi. Ukujika okukhawulezileyo kwendlu, kunye nawo onke amalungu ajonge unyulo nyaka ngamnye, yenza igumbi elisoloko lilungiselela iphulo elilandelayo, liphembelela yonke into ukusuka kwizabelo zekomiti ukuya kwiintlobo zomthetho ezifumana indawo yokuqala.

Inkqubo Yomthetho: Ukusuka Kwingcamango Ukuya Kumthetho

Ukuqonda indlela ityala eliba ngumthetho ngayo kubalulekile kuye nabani na ofuna ukungenela isebe lowiso-mthetho. Le nkqubo intsonkothile ngabom, ifuna amaqondo amaninzi okuhlola, ingxoxo, kunye nemvume ukuqinisekisa ukuba umthetho uqwalaselwa ngokucokisekileyo ngaphambi kokuba ube ngumthetho onyanzelisayo.

Igalelo lokwazisa neloMbutho

Naliphi na ilungu leBhunga lingamisela umthetho obalulekileyo, nangona usebenza, owona mthetho ubalulekileyo ovela kwizihlalo zekomiti, ukhokelo lweqela, okanye kwisebe eliphetheyo. Emva kokuba liqalisiwe, ityala linikwa inani kwaye libhekiselwe kwikomiti efanelekileyo esekelwe kumbandela. Umzekelo, umthetho wezonyango ungaya kwiKomiti yezeMwezinzo nezorhwebo kwiNdlu okanye kwiKomiti yezeMpilo, Emfundo, iStudents kwiNd Councial. Le komiti ibhekisa kwinqaku lokuqala eligxekayo lokugcina amasango kwinkqubo ye-Rhulumente.

Isenzo seKomiti kunye nophawulo

IiKomiti zilapho umsebenzi ontsonkothileyo womthetho wenziwe khona. Ikomiti ingaba namatyala okuqokelela ulwazi oluvela kwiingcaphephe, abagcini-nxaxheba, nakumagosa karhulumente. Emva kokuva, ikomiti ibandakanyeka ku "uphawu," apho amalungu acebisa ukuthunyelwa, amalungiselelo engxoxo, kwaye ekugqibeleni ivote ukuba ingawuchaza kusini na lo mthetho kwigumbi elipheleleyo. Iikomiti zinokukhetha kwakhona "incwadi ebhalisweyo" okanye zibulale ngokunempumelelo umthetho ngokuyeka ukwenza. Eli gunya lokugcina amasango lenza izihlalo zibe nempembelelo enkulu ekugqibeni iimfanelo eziphambili nezithi zife ngokuzolileyo.

Ingxoxo yeNkcubeko noLuvo

Xa ityala lixelwa yikomiti, kufuneka licwangciselwe ukuqwalaselwa. Kwindlu, iKomiti Yemithetho imisela imigaqo yengxoxo, kuquka ukuba zingaphi iinguqu ezinokunikelwa nengxoxo ethatha ixesha elide. KwiBhanile, ingxoxo yomgangatho idla ngokuba ngokukhululekileyo, nangona izivumelwano zemvume ezixhaphakileyo zisoloko ziqwalaselwa. Emva kokuba ingxubusho iqukuqe, amalungu avota kwisivumelwano sobunewuni kunye nakuphi na ukulungisa. Indlu isebenzisa kakhulu ukuvota kwe-elektroniki, ngoxa iNdluneli ixhomekeke kwivoti yelizwi okanye kwiminxeba apho abachongi bevakalisa izikhundla zabo.

Ukulungisa Umahluko

Ukuba iNdlu kunye neNdlu yeNdlu kunye neNdlu yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomthetho omnye, umahluko kufuneka usombululwe phambi kokuba umthetho uqhubeke kuMongameli. Olu manyano luqheleke kakhulu lubakho ngekomiti enxulumeneyo [ ekhiwe ngamalungu aphuma kuwo omabini amagumbi. Ikomiti yengqungquthela iveza uhlobo lolalaniso emele ivunyelwe yiNdlu neCathera kuhlobo olufanayo. Okanye, amagumbi angasebenzisa inkqubo "imva-tshintshiselwano" apho ilungisa khona enye inxalenye yegumbi de kufikelelwe isivumelwano.

Isenzo soMongameli

Xa la maziko omabini edlulisa umthetho ofanayo, athunyelwa kuMongameli, oneendlela ezininzi anokukhetha kuzo:

  • [[Umthetho:0] Uphawu loxwebhu:[[Umthetho:1] Imali iba ngumthetho ngoko nangoko okanye kumhla ochaziweyo osebenzayo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ivingss ingcaciso: UMongameli ubuyisela uxwebhu kwi Congress ngokuphikisa. Ingqungquthela ingawugqitha u-veto ngevoti yesithathu ezimbini kumagumbi omabini.
  • [[FLT: 0] Vumela uxwebhu lube ngumthetho ngaphandle kotyikityo: Ukuba uMongameli akathathi nyathelo iintsuku ezilishumi ngelixa i Congress isesehlo, ityala liba ngumthetho ngokuzenzekelayo.
  • Pocket vento: Ukuba iiKhonkela zexesha leentsuku ezilishumi, ityala liyafa ngaphandle kotyikityo lukaMongameli.

Inkqubo YeKomiti: Apho Umsebenzi Wokwenene Wenzeka Khona

Inkqubo yeekomiti ligumbi le-injini yesebe lowiso-mthetho, apho kusemgangathweni omkhulu wenkqubo encinci eyenzekayo. IBhunga ligcina malunga neekomiti ezingama- 250 kunye neekomiti ezincinci, nganye inegunya kummandla othile wenkqubo. Oku kubekwa ngokwahlukileyo kuvumela amalungu ukuba aphuhlise ubuchule kwiindawo ezifana nolimo, ukhuseleko, iibhanki, okanye imfundo, edala iikhomposi zomthetho onolwazi okwaziyo ukuvavanya iingcebiso ezintsonkothileyo.

Iindidi zeeKomiti

Iikomiti ezininzi ezinemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo:

  • Iikomiti ezimisayo: iikomiti ezisisigxina ezimiselwe yimithetho yegumbi ngalinye. Iikomiti zendlu ezingundoqo ziquka approgris, Iindlela, kunye neSigxina. KwiBhunga leNtlanganiso, iikomiti ezingundoqo ezimileyo ziquka iMali, Iintlanganiso, kunye neJadiary.
  • [[UMTL:0] Khetha okanye uKhetho lweeKomiti ezizodwa: Iikomiti zexeshana zenzelwe uphando oluthile okanye imicimbi yenkqubo. Imizekelo iquka iNtlanganiso yokuKhetha iKomiti yobuntlola neKomiti yokuKhetha yeNdlu eKhethekileyo kuJanuwari 6 Uhlaselo.
  • IiKomiti ze- eziManyano:[ Iikomiti namalungu azo zombini amagumbi, ajoliswe kwimisebenzi yongamelo okanye yemithendeleko. IKomiti ePhakathi ePhakamileyo eMakathi, umzekelo, inika uhlalutyo lomthetho werhafu.
  • Iikomiti zeConference Committee: Iikomiti zexeshana zenzelwe ukuxolelanisa umahluko phakathi kweNdlu yendlu neNdlu yeeNtsimbi zomthetho.

Ukhokelo nesabelo seKomiti

Izihlalo zekomiti, eziqheleke ngamalungu eqela elininzi, zinamandla amakhulu kwiinkqubo zomthetho. Iikomiti ezilawulayo zowiso-mthetho, uqingqo-mali lwabahlali, ucwangciso lokuva, ukugqiba ukuba ngawaphi amatyala athathwayo, nokuphatha iintlanganiso zokunyusa. Izabelo zekomiti nganye yamalungu zinqunyulwa ngenkokeli yeqela ngalinye ngeKomiti eBandla eliBamba iCaucus. Amalungu afuna izabelo eziwavumelayo ukuba akhonze izilangazelelo zawo zesithili, akhulise ubuchule benkqubo, okanye azuze ukubonakala kwimibaluleka ephezulu.

Amandla Okuthenga: Uqingqo-mali Nezicelo

Mhlawumbi owona mandla abalulekileyo amasebe owiso-mthetho alawula ukusetyenziswa kwemali karhulumente. UmGaqo-siseko unika iNkqutyana amandla erhafu nokusebenzisa imali, kwaye inkqubo yoqingqo-mali yanamhlanje imela omnye wemisebenzi entsonkothileyo nebalulekileyo karhulumente worhulumente worhulumente. Inkqubo yoqingqo-mali ibandakanya amaqondo amaninzi:

  • Isisombululo seBridget: ivumela isigqibo sohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali esihambelanayo esimisela imigangatho yenkcitho yemali jikelele, iimali ezijoliswe kuyo yonke, intlawulo yemali, kunye nentsalela okanye iinjongo eziseleyo. Esi sigqibo asisayinwanga nguMongameli kwaye asinawo amandla omthetho.
  • [[NKQUBO:0] IiBhili zoPhicotho-zincwadi: ikhupha iindleko zemali ezi-12 zonyaka zezicelo ezixhasa ii-ofisi neenkqubo zesebe lesebe. La matyala kufuneka atyikitywe nguMongameli kwaye amele igunya elingokwasemthethweni lokusebenzisa imali karhulumente.
  • [[FLT: 0] IBhili zoGunyaziso: Phambi kokuba imali isetyenziswe, iinkqubo kufuneka zigunyaziswe ngumthetho osezantsi omisa isiseko sazo esisemthethweni. Ityala legunyaziso limisela ubuninzi bemigangatho yemali kunye nemilinganiselo yenkqubo.
  • [[NTLA:0] Uguqulo: Yinkqubo ekhethekileyo evumela iNgqungquthela ukuba ilungelelanise ukusetyenziswa kwemali nengeniso ukuze ihlangabezane namaxhoba ohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, ngokuqheleke isetyenziselwa utshintsho olukhulu lwenkqubo olufana nohlaziyo lwerhafu okanye utshintsho olugunyazisiweyo.

Inkqubo yokungavumelani iye yaqalisa ukuphikisana kakhulu kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, enezigqibo eziqhubekayo eziqhubekayo, ukuvalwa kwemiqobo karhulumente, kunye nokuchitha iimpahla ezithe gqolo endaweni yendleko yemali esoloko ihambayo. Oku kungasebenzi kubonisa ulwahlulo olunzulu kunye neengxaki zolwakhiwo kwinkqubo yoqingqo-mali, kuquka ukwabelana okukhulayo kwenkcitho yeNkcubeko kunye neMedicara esebenza ngaphandle komjikelo wonyaka.

Ukulawula Nophando

Umsebenzi wolawulo lwesebe lowiso-mthetho umela enye yeendima zalo ezibalulekileyo ekulondolozeni ityala likarhulumente. Ngokuva, ukuphanda, kunye neengxelo zolawulo, iKhomishini ihlolisisa indlela abameli besebe abalawulayo abamisa ngayo imithetho, ukuhlawula imali, nokusebenzisa igunya elinikiweyo. Lo msebenzi wobuveleli ufeza iinjongo eziliqela:

  • Ukunika ingxelo: Ukugqithisa ukuva kunyanzelisa amagosa aphetheyo esebe ukuba achaze kwaye akhusele izigqibo zawo ekuhleni.
  • Ulawulo lwachonga iingxaki kulawulo lwenkqubo enokulungiswa ngomthetho okanye ngeenguqu zolawulo.
  • Ukuguqula uluntu: ukuchongwa kukawonke-wonke kunye neengxelo ezipapashiweyo zifundisa abemi ngemisebenzi karhulumente kunye neengxaki zenkqubo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukusebenzisa uphando olungalunganga: Ithemba lokuhlola ingqungquthela lidimanisa ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwamandla.

I-ofisi ye-Accounting Accounting Office, umbutho ozimeleyo oxhasa ulawulo lwengqungquthela, uphando kunye nophando, uvelisa amawaka engxelo emali yonke minyaka le ukusuka ekufumaneni umkhosi ukuya ekuphumeleleni kwinkqubo yonyango. I-Ofisi yoHlahlo-mali yeBhunga loMbutho inikela uhlalutyo olungeyonxalenye yemithetho-mali kunye nemigaqo yezoqoqosho, inika iBhunga elizimeleyo ubuchule bokuvavanya izicelo zomthetho.

Ukuba Ngummi Nobuchule

Isebe lowiso-mthetho liselelona selona sebe lifikelelekayo likarhulumente kubemi abaqhelekileyo abafuna ukuphembelela inkqubo karhulumente.

Ukunxibelelana Nabameli Bakho

Amalungu eKhomishini agcina iiofisi eWashington, D.C., nakumakhaya abo. Abahlali bangaqhagamshelana nabameli ngemfonomfono, ngeposi, nge-imeyili, okanye nge-media. Ngoxa unxulumano olusemgangathweni lunempembelelo elinganiselweyo kwizigqibo ezintsonkothileyo zenkqubo, unxibelelwano lobuqu lusabalulekile ekubonakaliseni iimvakalelo ezingqinelanayo kwimibandela ethile. Iindlela ezisebenzayo ziquka:

  • [[UMTL:0] Iquka oonobumba abazimeleyo okanye ii-imeyili ezidibanisa amava obuqu kwimiba yomgaqo-siseko.
  • xa ubeka iintlanganiso zeholo yedolophu apho abameli bajongene ngqo nabameli babo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukucela kwintlanganiso ze-person [ nabasebenzi be-ofisi yesithili ukuxubusha izinto ezithile ezixhalabisayo.
  • Ukuncedisa kumaphulo okuphatha iimpahla kulungelelaniswe yimibutho ejoliswe kwinkupho.

Ukusebenzisa Izixhobo Zokusebenza Kumkhangeli-mthetho

Uninzi lwabasebenzi bezomthetho kwi-intanethi luvumela abemi ukuba balandelele umthetho, bahlole iingxelo zokuvota, baze baqonde inkqubo yowiso-mthetho ngexesha elililo:

  • [[UMTHETHO: 0].gov unika umbhalo osemthethweni womthetho, iingxelo zekomiti, kunye neerekhodi zokuvota.
  • GovTrack.us inika inkxaso efana nezixhobo zokulanda ugcino-lwazi kunye nohlalutyo lomsebenzi wobuhlanga.
  • Opensets.org iphulo lemirhumo yemirhumo nenkcitho ebhenelayo ukukhanyisa indima yemali kwezobupolitika.
  • GovInfo.gov inikezela ngonikezelo lukawonke-wonke olukhululekileyo kuludwe lweempapasho zikarhulumente.

Ukwakha Ulwalamano Nesisebenzi

Amalungu equmrhu asebenza kwimithetho-siseko adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulungiseni izigqibo zowiso-mthetho. Abaququzeleli abaphuhlisa ulwalamano oluqhubekayo nabasebenzi be-ofisi yesithili okanye abameli benkqubo eWashington banokuba yimithombo ethembekileyo yolwazi nempembelelo. Amalungu abasebenzi adla ngokuba afikeleleka ngakumbi kunamalungu ngokwawo kwaye asoloko ebumba iingcebiso ezigqiba ukuba abameli babo bavote njani kwiimbambano ezinzima.

Ucelomngeni Neenguqu Zexesha Elizayo

Ukuqonda ezi ngxaki kubalulekile kubemi abafuna ukukhuthaza utshintsho olubalulekileyo.

Name

Ulwahlulo olukhulayo lwezimvo phakathi kwamaDemocrates namaRiphabliki luguqule iKhonklathi ukusuka kwilungiselelo lomanyano elikwibala lemidlalo eliphezulu.

  • Intsebenziswano ye-bipartisan: Inani leevoti apho uninzi lweqela elinye luchasa uninzi lomnye luye lwanyuka ngokuphawulekayo ukususela kwii1970.
  • Isithinteli esisesikweni: Indlu yendlu yolawulo iphume kwisixhobo esisetyenziswayo esinqabileyo ukuya kwisithintelo esiqhelekileyo esifuna amavoti angama-60 kumthetho omkhulu.
  • Ukuzoba imimandla yengqungquthela ukuxhasa omnye umbutho kubangele izihlalo ezikhuselekileyo ezikhusela amalungu kunyulo oluqhelekileyo lokhuphiswano, lunciphisa izikhuthazo zobungcathu.

Ukuphelisa Intembelo Kawonke - wonke

Ukuthembana kukawonke-wonke kwiBhunga kuye kwafikelela kwinqanaba eliphantsi elingokwembali, kunye nerejista yemvume esoloko ingaphantsi kwama-20 ekhulwini. Oku kungathembani kudala umjikelo oyingozi apho abavoti bohlwaya abantu abatshayo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwingqwalaselo ephezulu nenkumbulo encinane, enciphisa ngakumbi ukusebenza kwemithetho-siseko.

  • Ukunganyaniseki: uqheliselo lwezemali zeCandelo kunye nempembelelo yabangenisi iphelisa intembelo kwingqibelelo yezigqibo zowiso-mthetho.
  • Iinkqubo ze-Dysys ezisebenzayo: Urhulumente uvala, ulwahlulo lokugqibela loqingqo-mali oluncinane, nokungaphumeleli ukucombulula imingeni engundoqo yenkqubo yomeleza iimbono ezingalunganga.
  • I-Media i- Ingxelo yeendaba ezijolise kwiimfazwe namadabi alwayo kunokuba ixoxwe ngemithetho ephantsi iguqula ulwazelelo lomthetho.

Inkcitho yeQumrhu neNkcubeko

IBhunga liye lavumela amandla alo okulawula amashumi eminyaka akutshanje, linciphisa amandla alo okulawula nokukhokela:

  • Abasebenzi bekomiti abanyusiweyo: Inani labasebenzi beekomiti liye lehla ngokuphawulekayo ukususela ngo1990, ukubeka umda amandla eBhunga ukuphuhlisa ubuchule bokuzimela ngokwalo kwenkqubo.
  • IBhunga elithe kratya lixhomekeke kulwazi lwangaphandle: ngokuya lixhomekeka kubaququzeleli nabameli bamasebe abalawulayo ukuze bafumane ulwazi lwenkqubo kunokuba baphuhlise uhlalutyo oluzimeleyo.
  • Iindawo zomyalelo oqhelekileyo: Inkqubo yesithethe yemithetho ephakathi ithathelwe indawo yinkqubo yesikhokelo-omnicus kunye neevoti zeqela kunye nomgca wezocwangciso olulinganiselweyo.

Utshintsho Olucetyiswayo

Izindululo ezininzi zotshintsho zinenjongo yokucombulula le mingeni nokuqinisa isebe lowiso-mthetho:

  • ICampaign international reformation: imfuno zokwamkelwa, iinketho zemali zikawonke-wonke, kunye nemida yomnikelo ukunciphisa impembelelo yemali kwezobupolitika.
  • utshintsho lweFilibuster: Ukubuyisela incoko ethethayo ye-nfilbuster okanye ukuyisusa ngokupheleleyo ukunciphisa isithintelo nokubuyisela ulawulo oluninzi.
  • Ukulungisa utshintsho: ikhomishini yokulungisa ngokuzimeleyo ukunciphisa ukukhuphiswana kwe-gerrymaninder kunye nokwenza imimandla ekhuphisanayo.
  • Amandla ekomiti yokomeleza: Inkxaso engakumbi yamalungu ekomiti kunye noovimba abanyusiweyo be-ofisi yokuphendula kaRhulumente kunye ne-Ofisi yoHlahlo loHlahlo-mali.
  • [[UMTL:0] utshintsho olungokwentsingiselo: ukutshintsha inkqubo yokucazululwa, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezigqibo eziqhubekayo, nokubuyisela ucwangco oluthe rhoqo kuqingqo-mali kunye neenkqubo zogunyaziso.

Isiphelo: Ukunconywa Okuqhubekayo Korhulumente Ongummeli

Isebe lowiso-mthetho liseyeyona ndlela isisiseko yokubonakaliswa kolawulo-demokhrasi eUnited States, linika inkqubo apho izilangazelelo namaxabiso ahlukeneyo abantu baseMerika aguqulela ekubeni ngumthetho omanyanisayo. Phezu kwazo nje iintsilelo neengxaki zalo, iKhomishini iyaqhubeka yenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo engenakuphinda yenziwe nasinye isiko. Inkqubo yokwenziwa komthetho, kunye nayo yonke intsonkothileko nokunxunguphala kwayo, iqinisekisa ukuba umthetho ufumana ukuhlolwa ngokweembono ezininzi kwaye utshintsho kubume bomthetho bohlanga lusuka kwiinkqubo ezingekho semthethweni.

Kubemi, ukuqonda isebe lowiso-mthetho asiyonto nje yemfundo kodwa yimfuneko esebenzisekayo yokuba abemi abasebenzayo. Ukuba ngummeli weBhunga kuthetha ukuba ukulawulwa kubonakalisa ubunjani bokubotshwa kwesizwe. Ubuchule nobukho bobumi obuchaza izinto eziza kuqala kunyulwa abameli, iivoti, kwaye kunika amagosa ityala ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo udala iimeko zokusabela nokulawula okunempumelelo. Isebe lezemithetho, kuzo zonke iimpazamo zalo, lihlala linelizwi labantu [[[[FLT: 1]] kwinkqubo yomGaqo-siseko waseMelika, kwaye ukuqhubeka kwalo kuxhomekeke ekuthabatheni kwawo inxaxheba kulo.