Ukwazisa: Amandla Omgaqo-nkqubo Kwimpumelelo Yeshishini Lasekuhlaleni

Imigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente ichaza amandla alawulayo amashishini asekuhlaleni, ukubumba yonke into ukususela kumaxabiso okuqalisa ukuya kukwanda okude kwexesha. Ngoxa eminye imimiselo kunye nezihlomelo zenzelwe ukukhusela abathengi, abasebenzi, kunye nemekobume, ziyakwazi ukwenza iintlobo ezingundoqo zemithetho yolawulo nemali enzima.

Iintlobo Zobupolisa Borhulumente Zichaphazela Iishishini Zasekuhlaleni

Iinkampani zoluntu ezisebenza kwimiqathango yemithetho yesizwe, yephondo, neyesi-odolo. Iindidi ezinempembelelo ziquka:

  • Imigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo – irhafu yengeniso yequmrhu, ukuhlawula irhafu ehlawulwayo, irhafu yentengiso, irhafu yempahla, kunye netyala lerhafu.
  • Imigaqo-nkqubo yemithetho – ulawulo lwemisebenzi, ukuthobela imo yezulu, umgangatho wempilo nokhuseleko, kunye nemithetho yokubekwa.
  • Izivumelwano zeTrade – amaza, amaza amakhulu orhwebo, kunye nemithetho yokurhweba ngaphandle ye-port echaphazela ukunikezela ngamatyathanga kunye nokufikelela kwentengiso.
  • Imithetho ye--okanye intlawulo encinci, ixesha elongeziweyo, imithetho yendlu ezimeleyo, ikhefu, kunye nokhuseleko emsebenzini.
  • Imali exhotyisiweyo ye- kwaye inika – inkxaso yemali ngqo yeR&D, ulwandiso, kunye nolwandiso.
  • [[UMTL:0] Inkqubo ye-Monetary kunye nento eninzi – inzala, ulawulo lokwehla kwamaxabiso, kunye nenkcitho karhulumente ephembelela inkcitho yabathengi kunye nokuboleka iindleko.

Inkqubo nganye iyakwazi ukususa imiqobo okanye ukuyimisa, kuxhomekeka kwindlela eyakhiwe ngayo nokusetyenziswa ngayo. Amacandelo alandelayo achitha ezona ndawo zinegalelo kakhulu kunye noko zithetha kona kumashishini asekuhlaleni.

Impembelelo Yamagosa Erhafu

Kushishino olunemida emincinane, kwaneenguqu ezincinane kumlinganiselo werhafu okanye iimfuno ezifunwayo zinokugqiba enoba ziphinde zifumane ingeniso okanye ziphile.

Iintlobo Zerhafu Ezibaluleke Kakhulu

  • [[NTLA:0] Irhafu yengeniso: Inkoliso yamashishini amancinci idlula ngokwee-athom (LLC, SCHACORP, ikuphela kweprofiretars), ithetha ingeniso ihlawulwa kumlinganiselo wobuqu bomnini. Irhafu ephezulu yengeniso yobuqu inganciphisa ikomkhulu lokubuyiselwa.
  • Ukuhlawula irhafu eqeshiweyo: Abaqeshi kufuneka bahlawule uKhuseleko lweNtlalo, iMedicare, kunye nerhafu yokungaqeshwa. Oku kungadibanisa malunga no 7.65% kwixabiso lomqeshwa ngamnye.
  • [[NTLA] Irhafu yentengiso: edityaniswe ngomlinganiselo owahlukeneyo wemeko kunye nowobulali, izibophelelo zentengiso ezikwenye indawo (isigqibo seWayfair), kunye nokukhulula. Ukuqokelela nokubuyisela irhafu yentengiso kusenokuba ngumthwalo obalulekileyo wolawulo.
  • [[UMTHETHO:0] Irhafu egqithisileyo: oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bafaka irhafu yempahla yepropati kwintengiselwano yesakha, izixhobo, kunye noluhlu lwezinto ezichaphazela iindleko ze-atkhar.

Abameli Berhafu Njengoothunywashe Abaya Kukhula

Oorhulumente abaninzi banika iityala zerhafu ezijoliswe kwityala elikhuthaza ukuziphatha okunqwenelekayo. Imizekelo iquka uphando kunye nophuhliso (R&D) Ityala lerhafu, elivumela amashishini ukuba afanelekele ukuhlahlela iindleko zolwakhiwo, kunye Ityala le-Intengiso lokusebenza [[FLT] Intengiso yoMsebenzi [[FLT]] kubantu abaqeshiweyo abasuka kumaqela athile ajolisekileyo. Ezi zihlombelelo zinganciphisa amaxabiso erhafuthelweni ngo-5-10% kumafektroniki afanelekileyo, ukukhulula imali yokunyusa ulwando. Noko ke, besithiya ukuba ezi zityala zifuna uncedo lobugcisa lwerhafuzo, ezinokuthi ziswe amashishini amancinane aswele.

Amashishini amancinane avakalelwa kubunzima bokuthobela ngokucokisekileyo. INational Federation of Independent Business (NFIB) inikela ingxelo yokuba ishishini elincinane eliqhelekileyo lichitha malunga neeyure ezingama-80 ngonyaka kwirhafu zikarhulumente kuphela. Ukunciphisa lo mthwalo, abanini-mali kufuneka bajonge ubuncwane obuncinci obufana nobunzima obuyi- be-IS STAC kunye ne-US Center ye-FLT ukwenzela ukhokelo kwiincopho, iityala, kunye nokukhetha iimpahla ezithengwayo.

Imisebenzi yesakhelo neziphumo zayo

Imithetho yenzelwe ukukhusela impilo yabantu, ukhuseleko nemekobume, kodwa inokuba lucelomngeni ngokukhethekileyo kumashishini asekuhlaleni angenawo amasebe asemthethweni okanye athobelayo.

Imali-mali esebenzayo

Kumazwe athile, kugunyaziswa umsebenzi ongaphezu kwe-100, ukusuka kwabachebi beenwele ukuya kubahloli bamakhaya. Ngoxa i-insuling iqinisekisa ubunjani, ingenza imiqobo yokungena. Umzekelo, umqhubi weenwele kwamanye amazwe kufuneka ahlawule amakhulu eedola zeerandi kwaye agqibe iiyure zokuqeqesha ngaphambi kokuba avule i-salon. IZiko loLungisa libhale ukuba iindleko zemali ze-insolation zingafumana i-erandiummali engaphezulu kwelayisensi nganye, umqobo obalulekileyo kubathengisi abahlawulwa yi-R320204.

Imithetho yokusingqongileyo

Abenzi abancinane, iivenkile zokutyela, kunye namafektha okwakha kufuneka bavumelane noMthetho we-Ceat Moyer Act, i-Cecter Water Act, kunye nemithetho yokulahla inkunkuma yasekuhlaleni. Ukuvumela iindleko nezixhobo ezifunekayo (umz., imigibe yamafutha, ulawulo lwezikhuphi-mafutha) zingadibanisa amawaka enkcitho yokuqalisa. Kwicala elilungileyo, iinkqubo zoncedo zenkxaso nezobugcisa kwi-Evironmental Protection Agency (EPA) inceda amashishini amancinane ahlangabezane nemigangatho ngaphandle kwexabiso eliphazamisayo.

Imithetho yempilo neyokhuseleko

Imigangatho yoKhuseleko noLawulo lwezempilo lwezeNkcubeko (OSHA) ifuna amashishini ukulungiselela indawo yomsebenzi ekhuselekileyo. Ngoxa kubalulekile, ukuthobela kunganika izibonelelo eziziimali ezisisibonelelo. Umzekelo, inkampani encinane yokwakha ingafuna ukuthenga izixhobo zobuqu zokukhusela, iqhuba iimvavanyo zengozi, kwaye igcine iirekhodi. ASHOSHA SHING SHWANE SHWAZING BOB[ inikela unxulumano lwasimahla-malisel

Ukulungelelanisa imithetho yokukhusela nemfuneko yokubhetyebhetye kweshishini kukungavumelani nenkqubo eqhubekayo. Ukukhupha iintwalansi, ukunikezela ngebhokisi yesanti ehambayo, nokunika ukhokelo olucacileyo kwi-intanethi kunceda amashishini asekuhlaleni ahlale ethobela ngaphandle kokunikela kakhulu ngoovimba.

Izivumelwano zorhwebo nempembelelo yasekuhlaleni

Imigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo yamazwe ngamazwe, kuquka abaphathi-mikhosi kunye nezivumelwano zorhwebo zesisa (FTAs), inempembelelo engqalileyo kumashishini asekuhlaleni arhweba ngezinto okanye impahla ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. I-United States Canada Actrition (USMCA), umzekelo, yanciphisa imiqobo emininzi kodwa yaseka imithetho emitsha yemvelaphi abakhi beemveliso abancinci abamele bahambe ngayo.

Amathuba Abarhwebi Abancinane

Izivumelwano zorhwebo zingavula iimarike ezintsha. Ngokwe International Trade Administration, amashishini amancinane athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe akhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye anamandla. Iinkqubo ezifana ne [[FLT: 0] avela kwi-Imbanki yeNgeniso kunye i-Statential Tradection Program (STEP)[FL:3] inika inkxaso ephantsi nemali yokunceda iinkampani zasekuhlaleni zifikelele abaxhasi bamazwe angaphandle.

Ukhuphiswano Oluvela Kumaqumrhu Amakhulu

Noko ke, ukucuthwa kwemiqobo yorhwebo kunganyusa ukhuphiswano lwasekhaya oluvela kumaqumrhu amakhulu amazwe ngamazwe anandipha uqoqosho olulinganayo. Umenzi wefanitshala wasekuhlaleni usenokuzama ukukhuphisana noshishino oluthe lwaveliswa kwamanye amazwe amaxabiso aphantsi okusebenza. Ukuphelisa oku, amashishini amancinane angagxininisa ubunjani, ukuqeshwa, kunye nokudutyulwa kwasekuhlaleni njengezinto zokwahlula.

Ukuhlala waziswe ngotshintsho lomphathi-mikhosi kunye nothethwano lorhwebo kubalulekile. Amashishini amancinci kufuneka ajonge uhlaziyo olusuka kwi-ofisi ye- ye-United States Trade Messagement aze acinge ngokudibanisa unxulumano lorhwebo oluxhasa izilangazelelo ze-SME kwinkqubo yorhwebo.

Imithetho Yemisebenzi Nempembelelo Yayo

Kumaziko omsebenzi, ukuthobela imithetho yempatho, iiyure, iingenelo, namalungelo omsebenzi akunakuthelekiswa nanto, kodwa ukuphosa kusenokubiza imali eninzi.

Imali encinci nexa lininzi

Unyuko lwemivuzo ehlawulwayo kwimali karhulumente nakumgangatho wasekuhlaleni ukwandisa iindleko zomhlawulo ngqo. Ngoxa umvuzo ophezulu unokuphucula ukugcinwa nokuveliswa kwamaxabiso abasebenzi, kwakhona banyanzela amashishini ukuba anyuse amaxabiso okanye anciphise iiyure. ISebe leSebe leMisebenzi yeSebe leMisebenzi yase-U.S. likwafuna ukuba inkoliso yabasebenzi abafumana imali phantsi komqathango othile ihlawulwe ngokuphindwe ka-1,5 umlinganiselo wabo othe rhoqo kangangeeyure ezingama-40 ngeveki. Amaziko asekuhlaleni kufuneka alandele le mikrwelo ngononophelo.

Uhl_elo oluzimeleyo

Ukubekwa kwabasebenzi abangafanelekanga njengeziko lokwakha elizimeleyo endaweni yabaqeshwa kuye kwaba yinto ephambili ekunyanzelweni kwezorhwebo. ISebe leMisebenzi kunye namaphondo amaninzi kufuneka asebenzise iimvavanyo ezingqongqo (umz., uvavanyo lwe-ABC) ukufumanisa ukuba icandelo liyilo. Iimali zokungacaciswa ziquka imivuzo esemva, intengo, kunye nokumangalelwa. Amashishini amancinane kwezoqoqosho okanye abo basebenzisa i-glancs kufuneka ajongene nomthetho aze asebenzise uluhlu lweziko lokwakha lwe-IRS.

Ikhefu Lemali Enzima Nokhuphiswano Lwabasebenzi

Iphondo elininzi lisebenzisa ikhefu elihlawulwayo elinokuhlawulwa ngokugula nelokuphuma kwentsapho. Nangona le miyalelo inceda abasebenzi, kufuneka balandelele kakuhle kwaye babhale amaxwebhu. I-inshorensi yembuyiselo yabasebenzi iyafuneka kwimimandla emininzi kwaye inokuba nexabiso eliphezulu kushishino oluphezulu njengolwakhiwo. Noko ke, ukuzalisekisa iinkqubo zokhuseleko kunokunciphisa inkcitho ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Abaninizo shishino bayakwazi ukuhlala bevumelana ngokusebenzisa i- iSahlulo kunye noncedo lwe Hour Division kunye nokudibanisa imibutho yabaqeshi enxibelelana ngeenguqu zomthetho.

Inkxaso kwiiNtloko zoNyaka

Imali enikelwa ngurhulumente nenkxaso-mali ilungiselela ikomkhulu elingathathi nxaxheba ekuncedeni amashishini asekuhlaleni atshintshe, aqeshe, akhuphisane.

Iinkqubo zomanyano

  • Ishishini Elincinci elingenisa iinvation Research (SBIR) kunye nobugcisa obuncinci boshishino lokuDlulisela (STTR): Ezi nkqubo zibekela bucala inxalenye yoqingqo-mali lwecandelo lezwe le-R&D kwiinkampani ezincinci. I-Award zingafikelela kwizigidi eziyi-$ okanye ngaphezulu, nto leyo eyenza isiqalo esinzulu se-6tech sivelise imodefini kunye norhwebo.
  • Ulawulo loPhuhliso loMntu (EDA) lunika: I-EDA ibonelela ngemali kwisiseko sesiseko, uqeqesho lomsebenzi, kunye noncedo lobugcisa ukuxhasa ukukhula kwezoqoqosho. Ezi zibonelelo zisoloko ziqukuqela kwingingqi okanye kwimibutho yenkqubela-phambili yengingqi.
  • Uphuhliso lwasemaphandleni lunika: amashishini amancinci asemaphandleni angafumana iziphiwo ukuze ahlaziye amandla, ixabiso elongezelelweyo kwezolimo, kunye neenkonzo zokuphuhliswa kweshishini.

Imeko kunye nongenelelo lwangaphakathi

Amaphondo amaninzi anika iityala zerhafu, iimali-mboleko eziphantsi, kunye noqeqesho lwabemisebenzi lunika inkxaso edityanisiweyo ekuvelisweni komsebenzi okanye ekuvezweni kweziko. Amagumbi ongingqi ezorhwebo kunye namaZiko e-SBDC amancinci orhwebo (SBDC) anganceda abanini-mali bachaze baze basebenzise la mathuba. Incam elungileyo yokuqalisa yi- Grev.gov[ isixhobo sokukhangela amathuba kazwelonke namaqabane oncedo obulali be-SBA].

Ukufumana inkxaso-mali kungayinciphisa ngokubalulekileyo indawo yokudlala, kodwa inkqubo yesicelo isoloko intsonkothile. Abanini-mali kufuneka banike ixesha uphando lokufumana inkxaso-mali kwaye balungiselele izicelo ezinamandla, okanye bacinge ngokuqesha umbhali onika imvume.

Iingxaki Ezijamelene Nezoshishino Lwasekuhlaleni Ngenxa Yamagunya Karhulumente

Nangona zinokuba luncedo, imigaqo emininzi ibangela imiqobo.

Izixhobo Zolawulo Nezokusebenza Ngokugqithiseleyo

Ukusetyenziswa kwamaqumrhu amaninzi, iifomu, kunye nexesha elimisiweyo kuyinto eqhelekileyo ebangela iintlungu. Ingxelo ye-NFIB ithi abanini-mali bachitha umlinganiselo weeyure ezi-7 ngenyanga bebhala amaphepha karhulumente. Kwishishini elinabasebenzi abali-10 kuphela, elo xesha linokuba bhetele ekuthengiseni okanye ekuphuhliseni imveliso.

Utshintsho Lomgaqo-nkqubo Olutshintshayo

Ukutshintsha rhoqo kwemithetho yerhafu, imithetho yokusebenza, okanye imiqathango yorhwebo kubangela ukungaqiniseki. Ukwanda ngequbuliso kwemida yentsimbi kungaxhobisa iindleko kumenzi wezorhwebo wasekuhlaleni ongazange aqingqe imali. Ukungagqibeli kwenza kube nzima ukuceba ixesha elide kwaye kunokwenza ukutyala kungabi namsebenzi.

Impembelelo ekhuphisanayo kwii v ezincinci. Iinqaba ezinkulu

Iinkampani ezinkulu zikho kumaqela asemthethweni nawabasebenzi abalawulayo. Ngokutsho kwe-Ofisi yoLawulo lweZibonelelo ezincinane zisoloko zingenabo oovimba, zibanyanzelela ukuba baxhomekeke kubacebisi abangaphandle ababiza imali eninzi okanye babeke ubomi babo esichengeni. Iindleko zolawulo umqeshwa ngamnye zinokuba phezulu ngama-20% kwiifemu ezincinane, ngokutsho kwe-Ofisi ye-Small Business Business of Advocacy.

Ukufumana okulinganiselweyo kwimithetho-siseko

Iinkampani ezinkulu zinokufuna unyango olufanelekileyo, kodwa ivenkile yokutyela yasekuhlaleni okanye ezizimeleyo azifane zibe nendawo yokuhlala etafileni. Oku kungalungelelananga kunokubangela ukuba kubekho imigaqo exhasa iinkampani ezinkulu zoshishino ngaphezu kwabakhuphi abancinane.

Ukudambisa le mingeni, amashishini asekuhlaleni angadibanisana ngemibutho yorhwebo, athathe inxaxheba kwiimvo zikarhulumente wasekuhlaleni, kwaye asebenzise iqonga elinjenge SALT ye-Advocacy [ ukwabelana ngamava awo kunye nokuveliswa kolawulo.

Amathuba Nezenzo Ezilungileyo Zokusetyenziswa Kwenkqubo

Kunokuba ajonge iinkqubo zikarhulumente njengemiqobo, amashishini asekuhlaleni anokusebenzisa iindlela eziphambili zokuzenza zifumaneke.

Hlala Ufundile

Ukusoloko uqwalasela uhlaziyo oluvela kwimibutho enxulumene nolawulo. Zibophelele kumaphetshana avela kwiSBA, kwiofisi yezoqoqosho yeli lizwe lakho, nakumaqela eenkampani.

Ubuxhakaxhaka be-everrage ukwenzela uqulunqeno

Ukunika ingxelo kunye ne-software ehlawulwayo (umz., u-Quick Books, u-Gusto) iyakwazi ukubala irhafu, ukuhlawula umkhondo, kunye nolawulo olunengenelo, ukunciphisa umgudu wezandla neempazamo.

Ukwakha Ulwalamano nabenzi benkqubo

Xa abenzi beenkqubo beve amabali obuqu, badla ngokukwazi ukwenza izicombululo ezifanelekileyo zezoshishino.

Jolisa Kwizihlanganisi Ezohlukeneyo Ezingenakufumaneka Kwakhona

Amashishini asekuhlaleni angagxininisa ekugananeni kwebutho labantu, kwinkonzo yobuqu, nakwimveliso. Ezi mpawu azichaphazeleki kwirhafu okanye kwizivumelwano zorhwebo yaye zidla ngokugunyazisa ukusetyenziswa kwemali.

Yiba Nenxaxheba Kwiinkqubo Ezinentabalala

Ukuphengulula ngokukhutheleyo iminikelo kunye neetyala lerhafu ezihambelana nosukelo lwakho lweshishini. Nokuba le nkqubo ikhuphisana, ingeniso inokuba luncedo. Usebenzisana neyunivesithi okanye ukungancedi nto ukuze ufumane i-SBIR/STRR xa ishishini lakho libandakanya i-R&D.

Isiphelo: Indlela ephambili kushishino lwasekuhlaleni

Iinkqubo zikarhulumente ziluvo olubini olukhuselweyo kumashishini asekuhlaleni. Zinganikela inkxaso ebalulekileyo ngemiqathango yerhafu, iminikelo, namathuba orhwebo, kodwa zikwabeka iindleko zokuthobela, imithwalo ephantsi, kunye nokungaqiniseki. Isitshixo sabaphathi bezoshishino kukuhlala behamba, benolwazi, bebodwa, beqikelezile. Ngokuqonda indlela eyahlukileyo imigaqo-nkqubo echaphazela ngayo imisebenzi yabo kunye nokusebenzisa izinto ezikhoyo kunye nee-nee-internet, abathengisingeko kuphela kodwa aqhubekeke phakathi kwemimandla etshintsha-tshintshayo.