Unyulo oluphambili lukumelo lwedemokhrasi, kodwa luhlala lungenye yeendawo eziqondwa kancinane kwinkqubo yokunyulwa. Ngelixesha unyulo oluqhelekileyo luthatha ingqalelo yohlanga rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini okanye emine, lukwizipringi apho ibala labaza kubhaptizwa lixinene, amaqonga enziwe, kwaye ulwalathiso lwenkqubo kawonke-wonke lusoloko lumiselwa kude phambi koNovemba. Kuvote, unyulo oluphambili alusiso nje isiko loluntu kuphela, kwaye sisixhobo esiluncedo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba abaza kubhaptizwa kwi-bollator bokugqibela babonisa ngokwenene ukuthanda kwabantu.

Olu khokelo lunikela ushwankathelo olubanzi lonyulo oluphambili eUnited States, lugubungela imbali yabo, iindidi ezahlukeneyo zabavoti zisenokudibana, indlela abaluphembelela ngayo unyulo ngokubanzi, nezibakala ezingundoqo ngamnye ovotayo afanele azi ukuba nenxaxheba ngokunempumelelo.

Luluphi Ukhetho Oluphambili?

Kuwona mgangatho usisiseko, unyulo oluphambili lunyulo lokuqala oluqhutywa liqela lezobupolitika ukukhetha umtshayelelo walo wonyulo oluzayo. Amacala olwaphulo-mthetho ayenzeka kumgangatho worhulumente, wesizwe, nowasekuhlaleni, kwaye ahlukile kunyulo ngokubanzi kuba balawulwa ngurhulumente kunye noorhulumente basekuhlaleni.

Inkqubo esisiseko yale mihla yavela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 njengenxalenye yotshintsho oluqhubekayo, olwalufuna ukunciphisa amandla oomphathi beqela, lunika abavoti abaqhelekileyo amazwi angqalileyo ngokukhethwa komvotelwa. Ngaphambi kokuba ama-primente asasazeke, abavumi babekhethelwe ngokwesithethe ngeendibano zeqela ezenziwe ngabathunywa bezixhobo zeqela. umongameli wokuqala obophelelayo womongameli [ wabanjwa eOregon ngo1910, yaye ngoo1970, uninzi lwamazwe amkela unyulo oluphambili kwezinye iiofisi. Namhlanje, phantse ukuba urhulumente usebenzise uhlobo oluthile lweziquququ zabaqhubi abaqhubi beenkokeli, ii-ofisi zephondo, ii-propati ezilawula, kunye neendawo ezininzi zasekuhlaleni.

Iinguqu zinokuba zezentengiselwano ezithi zifumaneke okanye ezingekho ngqikeleli. Ii-projekthi zoomongameli zimisela indlela ababelwe ngayo abathunywa abafuna ulawulo lwengingqi. Ezinye ii-odoli zibizwa ngokuba ngurhulumente kunye ne-Primentaries zasekuhlaleni. //iindlu, indlu, irhuluneli, irhuluneli, i-mo yephondo, umphathi-mthetho, umlawuli wengingqi, nezinye iindawo zasekuhlaleni. ulawulo ngalunye lodidi lweqonga olunokwahluka ngokuphawulekayo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kufuneke u-ovenston kwimithetho ekhethekileyo kwilizwe labo.

Iintlobo Zokhetho Oluphambili

Akukho “ityala” elinye kunyulo lwaseMelika. Amazwe amkele iifomati ezahlukahlukeneyo, nganye ineziphumo zayo zokuthabatha inxaxheba kuvoti kunye necebo lokhetho. Ukuqonda umahluko kunceda abavoti bazi ukuba yiyiphi imvume abaza kuyifumana nokuba kufuneka babhaliswe kwiqela elithile kusini na.

Ivaliwe njengePhondo

Kumzekelo, iDemocrat ebhalisiweyo ingavota kwiDemocratic engundoqo; iRepublican ingavota kuphela kwiRiphabliki engundoqo. Le nkqubo ithintela ukunqumla imigca yeqela ukuze iphembelele iqela elichasayo, kodwa ingavota kulo mbandela. Umzekelo, iDemocrat ebhalisiweyo ingavota kuphela kwiDemocratic; iRepublican ingavota kuphela kwiRiphabliki engundoqo. Le nkqubo ithintela abavoti ekunqamlezeni imigca yeqela ukuphembelela iqela elichasanayo, `iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii.' i-Vota abangabhaliswanga liqela lamaqela (endidinsla okanye i-oflatfic) angakwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba kumthetho ngaphandle kokuba i-progn.

Vula iFayili

Kulo open umxholo , nawuphi na umvoti obhalisiweyo angavota nakweliphi na iqela eliphambili, kungakhathaliseki ukuba liliphi iqela labo elibhalisiweyo. Uvoti ukhetha ukuba yeyiphi ibhoti yokuqala yokucela ngomhla wonyulo. Le nkqubo isetyenziswa kumaphondo afana Wissin, Michigan, kunye ne Vermont. Uvula ii-Primente uyanconywa ngokukhuthaza inxaxheba ebanzi, kodwa abagxeki bavumela ivoti enye ukuba ivoti yeqela ukuba ivoti yevoti yento ebuthathaka ngakumbi kwiqela eliphambili, ngokunjalo iphembele iziphumo zonyulo jikelele.

Isiqalo Esingenanto

i-blanket engundoqo (eyaziwa ngokuba “yi-jungle "") yinkqubo apho bonke abathathi-nxaxheba bevela kwiqela elinye, kwaye ivoti ingakhetha abathathi-nxaxheba kuwo nawuphi na umbutho weofisi. Ivoti ephezulu- `````ayinawo umtya'''.'' inxulumani-onke unyulo. Olu cwangciso luye lwasetyenziswa kunyulo oluqhelekileyo. u-Shokington, California, kunye noLouisia[[FLT] [3] (U-Lousana isebenzisa inguququququ ye-""""equastrity). US. Olu Nkunganye lwarhoxisa njenge-okFoctive [2] kwi-DT.5]

Phezulu- Mbini Presade

Ngaphantsi kwe phezulu-kumabini angundoqo, bonke abatshayeli bavela kwivoti enye, kunye nabavunyiweyo abafumana ivoti ezininzi ``_angenawo umbutho''. Unyulo jikelele. California neWashington zisebenzisa le nkqubo kurhulumente nakwi-ofisi zikarhulumente. Yenzelwe ukuvelisa abathathi-nxaxheba abathelekelelwayo abathe balungelelaniswa ngenxa yokuba kwinkanganiso yonyulo-nke. Ngoko, iyakwazi ukukhokelela kwimijelo jikelele phakathi kweqela labo abatshayeli-maqela.

Ukubaleka isiqalo

Xa kungekho mvotelwa uphumelela uninzi (ngaphezulu kwama-50% ovoti) kunyulo oluphambili, amanye amazwe aba nonyulo olungundoqo [[FLT: 0] oluphumayo phakathi kwesibini sevoti. Oku kuqhelekile kwi yasemazantsi eUnited States , kuquka [[FLT:]] Georgia, Mississippi, ne Texas. URunoff uqinisekisa ukuba umphetho unotho onobubanzi woxhasa phakathi kweqela, kodwa kwakhona bandisa ixesha lonyulo kwaye babandezele ukusuka kwivoti esezantsi.

Engangeniyo Kwindawo Ephambili

Olunye unyulo lwangaphakathi kunye neqaqobana lee-ofisi zikarhulumente zisebenzisa [[FLT: 0] ama-prinsisan , apho abatshayeli bevela benophawu lweqela kwibhola yovote. Bonke abathathi-nxaxheba basebenza kwisiqalo esinye, kunye nentla yabagqibi (ngokuqhelekileyo ababini) baqhubela phambili kunyulo jikelele. Le nkqubo iqhelekile kunyulo oluqhelekileyo, kwimijaho yebhodi yesikolo, kunye neeofisi zomasipala kumazwe amaninzi.

I-Primetris yePrimes i-Istative

Umongameli olawulayo osebenza phantsi kwemithetho eyahlukileyo kunemithetho yasekuhlaleni kunye ne-primering yasekuhlaleni kuba zitya kwindibano yesizwe yeqela. Kwi-presidential primcaries, abavoti abakhethi ngqo abaza kubhalisa kodwa endaweni yoko banyula abathunywa abathenjiswe umbhaptizo othile. Inani leendwendwe ezinikwe umtyali ngamnye linqunyulwe yimithetho yeqela ngalinye lesizwe.[1] Ezinye zisebenzisa ukufikelela kwelonke, ezinye zisebenzisa ulwabeko lolwabeko. Amazwe aneenjongo yokubamba [[FLT: 0] ulus endaweni yeyona ibalulekileyo, nangona i-caucs, amalungu eqela aqokelele kumntu ngamnye kwingxoxo nenkonke.

Imithetho kunye neendawo ezizimeleyo, ngokwahlukileyo, zimisela ngokuthe ngqo iqela ukuba libe nesikhundla esithile. Umvumi wesiqalelo uba ngumgcini-ntloko weqela kunyulo jikelele. La magumbi aphambili alawulwa ngumthetho karhulumente kwaye alawulwa ngamagosa onyulo asekuhlaleni. Alandela uhlobo olunye (luvaliwe, luvuliwe, luphezulu-2) olusetyenziselwa iipropatilities zelo lizwe, nangona amanye amazwe egcina imithetho eyahlukeneyo kwii-presidential v.

Isizathu Sokuba Unyulo Lubaluleke Ngokuyintloko

Unyulo lokuqala lunempembelelo enkulu kuhlobo lokugqibela lonyulo jikelele. Kwizithili ezininzi, eyona iphambili lukhuphiswano olugqibekileyo kuba umlawuli weqela elilawulayo ugqibekile kodwa uqinisekisiwe uphumelele unyulo oluqhelekileyo. [Kuzingingqi ze-FLT:0] inxenye eyodwa [, unyulo oluphambili kulapho ukhetho lokwenene lwenzeka khona, kwaye uvoti otsibayo umgangatho oyintloko bangafumana benoko kuncinane banokuthetha ukuba ngubani abalumele.

I-Primeaves zikwachaphazela ulungelelwano lwezobuzwe [[FLT: 0] lomlinganiselo wezopolitiko. Ngenxa yokuba abavoti abaphambili batyekele ekutyebeni kakhulu kuneengcamango eziqhelekileyo zokukhetha ```'''''. Basoloko bebophelelekile, baninzi kakhulu, kwaye basenokuba bavuza abathathi-nxaxheba abathatha amanyathelo aqinileyo. //amacangci-mvume anganyanzela abathathi-nxaxheba ekhohlo okanye ekunene ukuze baphumelele unyuko. Le ngxaki, ebizwa ngokuba yi- POrimation [," ifundwe ngokubanzi yizazinzulu zezobupolitika. Kanye kukhetho jikelele, abo bavotententente abafanayo badla ngokufaka isibheno kumphakathi, ukwenza umsantsalo osuso olubanzi, oluqhelekileyo olubizwa ngokuba ngumsantsalwayo phakathi komphezulu.

Ngokubhekele phaya, unyulo oluphambili lusebenza njenge ` yokusayina abanikeli kunye ne-media malunga nokusebenziseka komhlolo. Ubuchule obunamandla bungabangela unyuso lwemali, ingqalelo yogcino-lwazi, kunye nokuvuselelwa, ngelinye ixesha ukubonakalisa okubuthathaka kusenokuphelisa iphulo kwangoko. Abalawuli abasebenzi abaphezulu, ucelomngeni olunzulu olungundoqo lungabanyanzela ukuba basebenzise imali kunye nenkomkhulu yokukhusela ingxelo yabo, bazenze buthathaka kunyulo jikelele.

Iinyaniso Ezibalulekileyo Zonke Izixhobo Ezifanele Ziyazi

Hlola ubume bobhaliso lwe Voter

Inyathelo lokuqala lokuthabatha inxaxheba kwilungu lokuqala kuqinisekisa ukuba ubhalisiwe ukuba uvote kwaye ubhalise ubonakalisa ukudityaniswa kakuhle kweqela lakho, okanye ukuba imeko yakho ifuna omnye. Amazwe amaninzi aye ashukumela kwi Internet ubhaliso, kodwa amaxesha okusebenza ngexesha ahlukene. Amanye amazwe avumela ubhaliso olufanayo ngosuku lokuqala, ngelinye ixesha ezinye zisondele iiveki zokubhalisa kusengaphambili. Ingqungquthela yesizwe yeLegislatures (NCSL) igcina ikhalenda yemihla yovolothi kunye nemisebenzi ebhaliweyo kwemitsha. . Khangela ukuba uphephe ukukhutshwa kwephepha.

Yazi Indlela Ephambili Yoburhulumente Bakho

Njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla, uhlobo lwentloko kwingingqi yakho lugqiba ukuba yeyiphi indawo ongayifumana. Ukuba uhlala kwimeko evaliweyo engundoqo, kufuneka ubhaliswe neqela ukuba uvote. Ukuba ungumvoti ozimeleyo okanye ongadityaniswanga kwingingqi evulekileyo, ungakhetha ukuba yeyiphi eyona iphambili yeqela ukuba ithathe inxaxheba ku-/ kodwa ungavota kuphela kumntu omnye. Kumazwe aphezulu- amabini angundoqo, ungavotela nabani na oza kuthatha inxaxheba, kungakhathaliseki ukuba liliphi iqela. [[FLT: 0] IKhomishini yokhetho lwe-Edererist (FC) inikeza isikhokelo sokuthatha inxaxheba kwento engundoqo ne''FLTCUMFLF''.].

Yazi Ukuthuma Ilizwe Elinokuhlala (Iicawa Eziphambili)

Ukuba uvota kwintloko-phambili, uvote yakho izakunceda ukugqiba indlela abathunywa ababelwe ngayo abathathi-nxaxheba. Intlanganiso zimisela eyazo imithetho yokukhetha abathunywa abathunywa, enokuquka imiqobo yokwamkela abathunywa (umz., umvotelwa kufuneka awine ubuncinane i15% yevoti ukuze afumane nayiphi na abathunywa). Le mithetho isoloko intsonkothile, kodwa ukwazi oko kuyakunceda uqonde impembelelo yevoti yakho. [[FLT: 0] Iprojekthi yomphathi-Mkhosi wase-America inika ugcino oluneenkcukacha lwembali kwimithetho yabathunywa abathunywa benkonzo .

Qonda Ukuthuma Nokungavunyelwa Kwabantu

Urhulumente omninzi unikela ngovotelo lwangaphambili okanye iposi engekhoyo kwibhaliti engaphandle. Cela ibhola yakho engekhoyo ngokukhawuleza, njengoko amaxesha okulungiselela enokuthatha iiveki. Amanye amaphondo afuna isizathu sokuvota (njengokuba ungekho kwingingqi yonyulo), ngelixesha amanye anika ukungabikho kovotelo. Qinisekisa imithetho yelizwe lakho kwiwebhsayithi yonyulo okanye kwi-U.S. i-Ecomficiation Comment i-overver commenter .

Uphando Ngezi Ngxaki

Unyulo lokuqala lusoloko lubandakanya abavoti abaninzi abakwiqela elifanayo kodwa iindawo ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo. Ugcino-lwazi lwengingqi, abavoti abangeyoparatina, kunye neewebhsayithi zabavoti zintle zokuqalisa. Ngenxa yokuba unyulo oluphambili lusezantsi kuneendawo zokuvota jikelele, ngokuqhelekileyo 1525% yabavoti abafanelekileyo . onke amavoti angamakhulu ambalwa anokugqiba ngobukhulu, ingakumbi kwimilo yasekuhlaleni. Musa ukuxhomekeka kulwazi lwegama lodwa; mbe kwiirekhodi, iingxelo zemali ezigunyaziweyo, kunye neengxelo zangaphambili.

Iingcamango Eziqhelekileyo Ngeengcamango Eziphambili

[[FLT: 0] Myth: “Uvotelo lwam alunamsebenzi kuba unyulo ngokubanzi lubalulekile.”
kwimimandla emininzi, engundoqo ngu unyulo. Ukuba unyulo jikelele alukhuphi, unyulo lungangowodwa ithuba lokuphembelela abakwisikhundla. Kwanakumazwe okhuphiswano, iziphumo eziphambili ziko lwezikhundla zenkqubo zonyulo jikelele.

[[FLT: 0] Myth: “Ndingavota kuzo zombini izingeni ukuba ndizimele.”
kumazwe avulekileyo, ungakhetha ukuba yeyiphi ephambili yokuvota, kodwa awunakuvota kuzo zombini. Kumazwe aphambili avaliweyo, abavoti abakwazi ukuvota konke ngaphandle kokuba babhalise ngeqela. Phezulu-2 primens zikuvumela ukuba uvote nawuphi na umvoti, kodwa ufumana ivoti enye kuphela kwiofisi nganye.

[[FLT: 0] Myth: “Iindlela zokuvota zingezobulungu bobulungu bobudlelane kuphela.[FLT]
Ngelixesha elivaliweyo lithintela ukuthatha inxaxheba kumalungu eqela, umazwe amaninzi anenkqubo ezivulekileyo okanye ezivulekileyo ezivumela ukuba abavoti abangabhaliswanga bathathe inxaxheba. Kwanakwinkqubo ezivaliweyo, ungasoloko utshintsha ubhaliso lwakho phambi kommiselo wexesha elidlulileyo.

[[FLT: 0] Myth: “Oyena uphumeleleyo ungundoqo ufumana ngokuzenzekelayo yonke inkxaso yeqela.
Emva kwentloko eshushu, abaxhasi abaphulukani nobhaqo-bhaqo bangadibani ngokukhawuleza emva kophumelele. Imigudu yeqela lomanyano iqhelekile, kodwa ayizenzeki. Yiyo loo nto amadabi aphambili enokwenza buthathaka amathuba eqela kunyulo jikelele.

Indlela Yokusebenzisa Ubuchule Obuphambili

Ukuthatha inxaxheba kunyulo lokuqala yenye yezona zenzo zinegalelo elinamandla umvoti angathatha, ngenxa yokuba abavoti abaphambili batyekele ekubeni yi-odwa abazikhethayo. Xa uveza, ilizwi lakho liyakhula. Nawa amanyathelo asebenzayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukulungele:

Ikamva Lokhetho Oluphambili

Iinkqubo zonyulo ezingundoqo ziyaqhubeka ziguquka. Iimeko ezininzi zisandul' ukuxabana ngokusuka kwisiqalo esivaliweyo ukuya ekuvuleni ii-primcaries okanye ukwamkela iinkqubo zokuvota eziphezulu-ezibini okanye ezibekwe encotsheni. i-Rankhedice-choicevvvvvv (RRLTV) ifumana intlungela yokufumana iprojekthi njengenye kwisithethe; kwiinkqubo ze-RCV, abavoti bakwizi bonyulo olunye, kwaye umnqolobi kufuneka abe nenkxaso enkulu. UMaine no-Alaska usebenzise i-RCV kwi-intermary, namanye amazwe acinga ukuba i-RCV ikhuthaza iprojectivesss kwaye inciphisa iimfuno zokusebenza okubiza imali, lo gama lokurhoxandeza ababhidiyo kunye nabo bangathanga bonke abaququququ nabo bangalumbi.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ikho indlela elungiselelwe ngayo, injongo esisiseko yonyulo oluphambili ayiguquki: zizinto apho amaqela (* kwaye, ngokugqithisileyo, ivoti-(*) ikhetha iinkokeli eziza kukhuphisana nesikhundla sikawonke-wonke. Ngokuqonda indlela umsebenzi ophezulu, abavoti abanokuwasebenzisa ngayo ngokupheleleyo amalungelo abo kwaye bancede ekulungiseni umgangatho ngamnye wezopolitiko.