Ukhuseleko lwezikhuseli ze-Whistelet lusisiseko ekunyamekeleni imilinganiselo yokuziphatha kumacandelo kawonke-wonke nawabucala. Ezi zinto zinika amandla abantu ukuba baxele ukunganyaniseki, ubuqhetseba, ukonakala, kunye nokungahloneli khuseleko ngaphandle koloyiko lokuziphindezela. Ngokukhuthaza isithethe sokuziphendulela nokubonisa iliso, ukukhusela okunempumelelo kokubetha impempendulu, kunceda ukugcina ingqibelelo yamaziko nokukhusela umdla woluntu. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa izicwangciso zomthetho, imingeni engcono, kunye nezenzo ezikufutshane ezikukhuselwa kwempepho, ukunikela ukhokelo olubanzi lwemibutho nabantu abazinikele kwihambo entle.

Ukuqonda Izinto Ezikhusela Umjikelo

Ingcaciso nemigaqo yekhorathi

Umgaqo ongundoqo ngowokuba abo benza izinto ezithandwa ngabantu ngokubanzi ngokuxela ububi obuthile, ukuthotywa, ukusetyenziswa kwemigaqo kunye nenkqubo ekhusela abantu ababhenca inkcazelo engekho mthethweni, engekho mthethweni, okanye eyingozi kwintlangano. Umgaqo ongundoqo ngowokuba abo benzayo kwimdla woluntu ngokuxela ububi, akufunekanga bafumane iziphumo ezibi ezinjengokupheliswa, ukuhlaselwa, ukuhlaselwa, okanye ukuvinjwa. Ukhuseleko oluqhelekileyo lugquma zombini (kusetyenziswa intlangano) kunye nokubika ngaphandle (ukuze kumiselwe, ukunyanzelelwa komthetho, okanye ukukhuselwa kwezixhobo), nangona umgangatho wokuzikhusela uxhomekeke kuhlobo lokutyhilwa kolwazi kunye nolawulo.

Kwinkqubo ezininzi zomthetho, ukhuseleko lunamandla xa umvuli-mlozi enikela ingxelo kwigunya elifanelekileyo, elandela iinkqubo ezichaziweyo, kwaye enjenjalo ngokholo olulungileyo. Ezinye iinkqubo zikwakhusela ingxelo engaziwayo, nangona ukungaziqondi kunokwenza uphando olunzima kwaye kubeke umda wokufuna imvume esemthethweni kumntu ocholacholayo.

Isizathu Sokuba Ukhuseleko Lubaluleke

Ukubaluleka kokhuseleko lwemiloti kudlulela ngaphaya kobulungisa bomntu ngamnye. Zisebenza umsebenzi obalulekileyo wobudlelane ngokunceda uphando nokuthintelwa kwengozi. Ngaphandle kokhuseleko, iimeko ezininzi zokuqhatha kwenkampani, ungcoliso lwemekobume, iingozi zempilo yoluntu, nenkunkuma karhulumente zinokuhlala zifihliwe. Qwalasela le mizekelo ilandelayo:

  • Ihlazo le-Entron (2001):[[FLT] Sherron Watkins, umphengululi wangaphakathi, unyuse iiflegi ezibomvu ngokuqhatha ngetyala, kodwa ukhuseleko olungelulo ngelo xesha lwafak ’ isandla ekuweni kwenkampani nasekulahlekeni okukhulu kwemali.
  • Isichitheko se-oyile esijikelezayo solundi lwe-oyile (2010): Abavuthuzi be-Whittle baxela inkxalabo yokhuseleko phambi kwentlekele, kodwa ezo zilumkiso zatyeshelwa, zikhokelela kwenye yeentlekele ezinkulu zemekobume embalini.
  • Isiphumo sesifo sezifo ezimandundu se-19: [ Abasebenzi bezonyango namagosa ezempilo kawonke-wonke athetha ngokungeneno izixhobo zokukhusela okanye ukungaphumeleli kwemigaqo funeka ziphindezele kumazwe amaninzi, egxininisa imfuneko yokhuseleko olunamandla naxa kungxamisekile.

Ukukhusela abavuli-mpempe abakhuthazi nje kuphela kodwa bakwathintela ukwenza okubi kwasekuqaleni. Xa abaqeshwa besazi ukuba ukuziphatha okubi kunokuxelwa ngokukhuselekileyo nokuba ukuphendula kuzakulandela, imibutho idla ngokuthobela imithetho nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha.

Umthetho ongundoqo kunye nemisebenzi yesakhelo

Imithetho Yezidubuli YaseUnited States

I-United States inesidibi semithetho karhulumente nekarhulumente ekhusela abafuthi. Umthetho oyintloko worhulumente nguMthetho weWhistleer Protection Provice Act (WPA) ka 1989, okhusela abasebenzi bezwe ababhenca ukwaphulwa komthetho, ukungahoywa komthetho, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwemali, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwegunya, okanye ingozi enzulu nengqalileyo kuluntu okanye ukhuseleko. I-WPAS iyazinqanda izenzo zomsebenzi ezithathiweyo zokuziphindezela ezo ndlela zentengiso ze-intelekelelo kwaye inika abasebenzi indlela yokufuna inyathelo lokulungisa ityala [ i-ofisi yeSicelo esikhethekileyo [FCC].[FLT:]

Kwicandelo labucala, uMthetho we-SARbanes-Oxley (SOX) ka-2002 ukhusela abasebenzi beenkampani ezithengisa ekuhleni ezinikela ingxelo yoqhathano, abaxhasi bobuqhophololo, okanye ukuphulwa kwemithetho ye-SEC. SOX ifuna iinkampani ukuseka iindlela zokuxela ngaphakathi kunye nokunqanda ukuziphindezela ngokuchasene nabaqhubi besandi. Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reformation kunye neConsumportive Protect (20) ukhuseleko nodweliso lwenkqubo: abaqhubi bomlo abanikela ngokuzinyo oluphambili ulwazi olunempumelelo kwimisebenzi ye-SEPGPGPGPGPG. Oku kunikezelwe kwinani eliphezulu lemali (20)

Imithetho eyongezelelekileyo yase-US ikhusela abavuli-mlozi kwiicandelo ezithile: Entronmental Protection Agency (EPA) inyanzelisa ukunyanzelisa ukukhusela abasebenzi abaxela ukwaphulwa kwemeko- bume, njengenkcukacha kwiEPA Whistlectioner Program yoKhuselo lwezenzo, [[FLT]]]. I-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSA) iqhuba i-Whistole program yokhuseleko lwezenteko yokhuseleko lwamazwe amalunga nama-20 anxulumene nokhuseleko lwasemsebenzini, uthutho, kunye nokhuseleko lwabathengi.

Umanyano lwaseYurophu Luyakhokela

Ngo-2019, i-European Union yamkela i-Whistleider Directive (Directive (EU) 2019/1937), efuna onke amalungu amazwe amisela imigangatho encinane yokukhusela abavuli-mlozi. I-myalelo ugqumathe umgama obanzi weendawo, kuquka ukufumana imali, iinkonzo zemali, ukukhusela kwemveliso, ukhuseleko lwezentengiso, ukhuseleko lwemeko-bume, ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke, ukhuseleko lothengiselwano, kunye nokhuseleko lwento. [[FLTLD:2] iKomishini yaseYurophu yokushicilela kwisikhokelo [[FLT]] izitshixoti eziphambili.

Amaphondo kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba abavuli-mlozi abanikela ingxelo ngemijelo yangaphakathi okanye yangaphandle bakhuselekile ekuziphindezeleni, nokuba bangafumana uncedo olusemthethweni ukuba luyafuneka. Lo myalelo ukwakhuthaza imibutho enabaqeshwa abangama-50 okanye abaninzi ukuba imisele amajelo okunika ingxelo angaphakathi. Ngo-2023, amazwe amaninzi e-EU aye adlulisela umyalelo kumthetho wesizwe, nangona ukuphumeza imigaqo kuhlala kungalingani, namanye amazwe ajongene nokugxekwa komthetho obuthathaka.

Ezinye izityholo

Amanye amazwe aliqela aye amisela imithetho ephawulekayo yokukhusela abavuli bempempe:

  • UBukumkani obumanyeneyo: UMthetho weNtlekele yoLuntu (PIDA) 1998 ukhusela abasebenzi ababenza bafumaneke kwimfuno kawonke-wonke. Umthetho ugubungela abasebenzi, izakhiwo, nabasebenzi bamasebe, kwaye ukhusela kwizenzo eziyingozi kunye nokugxothwa.
  • yaseMzantsi Afrika: UMthetho okhuselayo weDisclosuress (PDA) 2000 unikela ukhuseleko kwilahleko yomsebenzi kubaqeshwa abachaza ulwazi malunga nokungabikho komthetho kumaqela kawonke-wonke nawabucala. Ikwaseka iFrame yoKhuselo lweWashittleumle.
  • Canada: UMthetho woKhuselo loLuntu wePSDPA) umisela inkqubo ekhuselekileyo yokuba abalungiseleli borhulumente batyhile ububi kwaye babakhusele kwimpindezelo. I-Ofisi yoMphathiswa weQela loMfezeko loLuntu ijonge inkqubo.
  • I-Australia: UMthetho woKhuselo lukawonke-wonke ka-2013 (Cth) ukhusela amagosa karhulumente abhenca ububi. Ama-odolo kunye nemihlaba nawo anemithetho yawo.

Ngaphandle kwale mithetho, izithuba zokunyanzelisa zishiyekile. ushwankathelo lwehlabathi lokukhusela umlozi luhlola intsingiselo yomhlaba wonke kwaye lubonisa apho utshintsho lufuneka kakhulu khona.

Iingxaki Abavuthayo Abajamelana Nazo

Ukubuyiselwa Neentlobo Zako

Ukubuyiselwa komlozi kululuvo olukhawulezileyo. Kunokuthatha iindlela ezininzi ngaphaya kokupheliswa okucacileyo komsebenzi. Ukuziphindezela okungacaciyo kuquka ukubuyiselwa kwizithuba ezinganqwenelekiyo, ukususwa ezintlanganisweni, ukunciphisa iimbopheleleko, uhlolo lokusebenza okudityanisiweyo, okanye unyango olwahlukileyo. Kwezinye iimeko, abaqhubi bempeli bakhatywa, baphazanyiselwe uhlolo oluphezulu, okanye bade banyeliswe kuluntu lwabo olunobuchule. Uhlolisiso lwa 2020 luye lweprojekthi ye-Akhawunti ye-akhawunti [[FLT:]

Kwanaxa kukho ukhuseleko, ukungqina ukuziphindezelela kusenokuba nzima. Iinkundla zifuna abavuli-mlozi ukubonisa uqhagamshelwano oluphakathi kwenkcazelo kunye nesenzo esingalunganga, --a umthwalo onzima ukuhlangabezana nawo, ingakumbi xa umqeshi echaza ezinye izizathu zesenzo. Iinkqubo zomthetho zingathatha iminyaka, ngexesha umvuzi wempepho asenokujongana neengxaki zemali kunye nezomdlalo.

Iingxaki Ezingokwasemthethweni Nezemali

Abaqhubi abasukela unyango olusemthethweni basoloko befumana imiqobo ebalulekileyo. Ukungabikho kolwazi lwendlela ezintsonkothileyo zomthetho, iinjongo, kunye nemigangatho ecacileyo. Ukumela okusemthethweni kubiza imali eninzi, kwaye bambalwa abavuli-mkhala abanokukwazi ukuthenga ngokuchasene namaqumrhu aqhutywe kakuhle okanye amaziko karhulumente. Amalungiselelo emali athe ngqo anqabile kwiimeko zokuziphindezelo ezingaphandle kocwangciso oluthile lwenkozo ezinika imali njenge-Dodd-Frad.

Ngaphezu koko, eminye imithetho ifuna abavuli-mlozi bakhuphe umbane wangaphakathi phambi kokuba bafune isiqabu. Oku kungalibazisela ufikelelo kubulungisa kwaye kubonise umntu kwimpindezelo eyongezelelweyo ngexesha inkqubo yangaphakathi iqhubeka. Kumazwe amaninzi, akukho mimiselo eqinisekisa ukubuyiselwa okanye imbuyekezo epheleleyo kumqhubi wempempe, kubashiya benomonakalo omncinane kuphela nokuba baphumelele kwimeko yabo.

Iindleko zengqondo nezentlalo

Intlungu engokweemvakalelo yokufutha inzulu. Abafuthi abaninzi baxela iimvakalelo zokwahlukaniswa, ixhala, udandatheko, kwanombono wokuzibulala. Basoloko beva ityala kubahlobo noogxa babo, umonakalo kulwazi lwabo olungobuchule, kunye nobunzima bokufumana umsebenzi wexesha elizayo. Isiganeko esibizwa ngokuba yingxaki ye-whistlecuper [ ichaza uxinezeleko phakathi kokwenza into elungileyo nokulondoloza umsebenzi nobomi bobuqu. Uhlolisiso luye lwachaza ukuba abavusi bomkhala beqeqeshe besoloko befumana iingxaki zemisebenzi yexesha elide, abaninzi bengaze babuyele kumgangatho ofanayo.

Isihlazo soluntu esinxulumene nokubetha impempe ``ngezinye iindawo siwabiza ngokungafanelekanga njenga “amasela”' okanye“ abahambi” phezu kwayo nje inkonzo yabo kawonke-wonke." sidibanisa le mithwalo yengqondo. Iintlangano ezingakwaziyo ukwenza inkcubeko exhasayo ziqinisekisa eli lihlazo, zidimaza abanye abantatheli ukuba bangafiki phambili.

Iindlela Ezibalaseleyo Zokwenza Imisebenzi

Ukuseka Imijelo Echaza

Ukhuseleko olunempumelelo lokudubula impempe luqala ngobuchule bokukhupha ingxelo obucacileyo, obufikelelekayo, nobukhuselekileyo. Iintlangano kufuneka zinike iziqhagamshelanisi ezithe ngqo ukunikela ingxelo: i-line eshushu enikezelweyo (esoloko isetyenziswa liqela lesithathu ngenxa yokungaqondakali), i-imeyile, i-intanethi ye-ikhomputha, kunye nokukhetha ukunikela ingxelo ngqo kumphathi-mthetho wendlela yokuziphatha okanye kwiqela lophicotho-zincwadi lwangaphakathi. Amajelo kufuneka abekwe kakuhle kwaye aqondwe ngabo bonke abasebenzi, kungakhathaliseki ulwimi okanye inqanaba lokufunda.

Ukungaqondakali kuyingozi. Abavuli abaninzi bempempe banqandwa luloyiko lokuba ulwazi lwabo luza kutyhilwa. Ngelixesha kunzima ukuqinisekisa ukuba zikho, imibutho ingazalisekisa ukuvulwa kombhalo ofihlakeleyo, ukuxelwa kwenkohliso, kunye nemithetho engqongqo engokwasese. IEU Whistlecuper Directionive ikhuthaza ngokucacileyo ukuba axele ngokungaziwayo, nangona ivumela amazwe ukuba agqibe enoba afuna ukukhuselwa ngokulandelayo kokhuseleko oluqhubekayo.

Izithethe nezithethe ezichasene nokuchasana

Yinkqubo ebhaliweyo echasene nokubuyiselwa kwemithetho kuphela. Inkqubo mayinyanzeliswe ngokungaguqukiyo, ngeziphumo ezicacileyo kubaphathi okanye abasebenzi ababandakanyeka kwimpindezelo. Iintlangano kufuneka zikhethe umphathi omkhulu . "ofana negosa eliyintloko lemilinganiselo yokuziphatha okanye icebiso eliqhelekileyo"ukugada ukuthobela nokuqinisekisa ukuba akukho mfuthi-mpepho ufumana iziphumo ezingalunganga.

Ukwakha isithethe sengqibelelo kufuna imbopheleleko yokhokelo. Abalawuli kufuneka bamisele isimilo sokuziphatha nokuxhasa ukuvuthelwa kwempempe. Uqeqesho oluthe rhoqo kufuneka lugxininise ukuba ukuxela ukuziphatha okubi akukhuselekanga kuphela kodwa kuyaxatyiswa. Uphando lwabasebenzi lungabonisa imozulu: ukuba abasebenzi boyike ukuphindezela, oko kubonisa imfuneko yokuguqula inkqubo.

Uqeqesho nolwazi

Bonke abaqeshwa kufuneka bafumane uqeqesho lwamalungelo okubetha impendulu kunye neenkqubo zokunikela ingxelo. Abaqeshwa abatsha kufuneka baqaliswe kwisiseko semilinganiselo yokuziphatha yombutho ngexesha lotyalo-nqanawa, kwaye uqeqesho oluqhubekayo kufuneka luhlaziye ulwazi luze ludibanise nemithetho okanye imigaqo. Uqeqesho kufuneka luchaze indlela yokuziqonda ukuziphindezela.

Abalawuli ngokukhethekileyo bafuna uqeqesho olukhethekileyo kuba basoloko beyindawo yokuqala yokunxibelelana nabavuli-mlozi. Kufuneka baqonde ukuba abanako ukubohlwaya okanye ukusongela abasebenzi ababhenca ngokholo olulungileyo, nokuba utyhilo luthe lwaphazama. Uqeqesho kufuneka luquke uphando lwetyala, imidlalo edlala indima, kunye nemizekelo ecacileyo yehambo enqatyisiweyo.

Indima Yemizimba Elawulayo

Iziqu zolawulo zangaphandle zibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukhuseleko lwempendulu luyasebenza kwaye lunyanzelekile. EUnited States, iOFLT yeSiluleko Esikhethekileyo (OSC) ihlola imbuyekezo eboniswa ngabasebenzi besizwe kwaye iyakwazi ukufuna ulungiso. [ ukhuseleko kunye neKhomishini ye-Exchange (I-SEC) isebenzisa inkqubo ye-Dodd-FFlact kunye neenkqubo zokufunxa-filter. [[FLT:] I-ENTPGURP] EGUMELELO [FLT][FLT] kunye [FL:5] kunye [FFLT] Ulawulo lwezentlalo-Heaty [FOFFF]] kunye nolawulo lobugrance [FFFFD]

Kumgangatho wezizwe ngezizwe, imibutho enjenge I-Whistleer Protection Coalition kunye i-International Association of Whisficups [ ixhasa ukhuseleko olomeleleyo kwaye inike inkxaso yenkxaso. Iintlangano ezingezoburhulumente ezifana [[FLT:]] i- transparency International [[ igosa umthetho we-mpempelo ejithayo kunye noxinzelelo loorhulumente ukuvala izikhala. [[FTLT:6]] iWhisglicer Detection Coritionstions [[FLT]] izibonelelo zolawulo nabantu abasebenzi benkqubo.

Amaqumrhu olawulo oluzimeleyo anceda ngoku: aphengulula izikhalazo ngokungakhethi, akhupha iingxelo zikawonke-wonke ezithintela ukuziphindezelela, zincomela inkqubela yenkqubo, yaye maxa wambi zinika isiqabu semali kubacuphi abaphoswe yimpepho. Noko ke, le mibutho kufuneka ixhaswe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye izimele kwiinkqubo ejongene nazo ukuze ithembeke.

Isiphelo

Ukhuseleko lwemibhobho yemibhobho ye-Whistlepulpher lusisiseko solawulo lwendlela yokuziphatha kwintlangano yanamhlanje. Zinceda ukufunyaniswa kobuqhetseba, ukhuseleko, umngcipheko, umonakalo wemekobume, kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwegunya, ngelinye ixesha kuthintele ukuziphatha okubi okunjalo. Umthetho utshintsha-tshintsha-tshintsha-tshintsha-tshintsha-tshintsha (ne-US, EU, kunye neminye imiqathango emininzi yokomeleza ukhuseleko.) Kodwa kusekho iingxaki ezibalulekileyo. Ukuchaphaza okusemthethweni kusoloko kucotha kwaye kubiza imali eninzi, kwaye inkxweleko iyaqhubeka.

Imibutho ebeka izikhuseli zobundlobongela eziphambili ekuzibekeni phambili, ingenelwa kungekuphela nje ngokuthobela imithetho kodwa kumgangatho onamandla wendlela yokuziphatha, ukuthembana kwabasebenzi, kunye nokuncitshiswa kokungafezeki kwentlekele. Ngokusebenzisa imijelo ecacileyo yokunika ingxelo, ngokumisela iinkqubo zokulwa nokukhuselwa, nangokulungiselela uqeqesho olubanzi, imibutho ingenza imekobume apho ukwenza into elungileyo kuphela. Abafuthi besandi ngokwabo besebenzisa amalungelo abo, bafuna inkxaso, nangokusebenzisa imijelo yokubika emiselweyo amanyathelo abalulekileyo ekuzikhuseleni bona ngokwabo kunye nomdla woluntu.

Njengokuba amaqumrhu omphathi eqhubeka elungisa imithetho kunye nokunyanzelisa inkqubo, ithemba lithetha ukuba abavuli beempempe akusayi kufuneka bakhethe phakathi kwesazela sabo nomsebenzi wabo. Ezona zikhuseli zingcono zezizenza loo nto ingabi yimfuneko, ngokuqinisekisa ukuba abo bathethayo bayabhiyozelwa, abaza kuvala.