Ukuba Nenxaxheba Ekukhuseleni Ngokulinganayo: Indlela Abemi Abanokunceda Ngayo Ukugcina Imithetho Elungileyo

Ukhuseleko olulinganayo phantsi komthetho lusisiseko solawulo lwedemokhrasi, esiqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu ufumana impatho esemthethweni efanayo kungakhathaliseki ukuba ungowaluphi uhlanga, ubufanasini, unqulo, imeko yentlalo yentlalo, okanye ezinye iimpawu zobuqu. Lo mgaqo, ofakwe kuMgaqo-siseko weshumi elinesine weSigqibo se-U. kwaye oboniswe kwiinkqubo ezininzi zomthetho ehlabathini lonke, udinga ukuhlala ephaphile kwaye ube nenxaxheba kubemi abakhutheleyo. Ngaphandle kokuba bayazi kakuhle, bamele, kwaye bakhusele le mithetho ekhuselwe kakuhle, kwanayo ekwanemithetho enxulumeneyo enokuthi isetyenziswe ngokungafanelekanga. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa iindlela ezisebenzisekayo ezinokuba negalelo ekulondolozeni imithetho elungileyo, ekuvotisweni nasekubhacelweni nasekukhungweni okusemthethweni nakuququlezweni kwemfundo kawonke wonke umphakathi.

Ukuqonda Ukhuseleko Olulinganayo Neziseko Zalo

Ukhuseleko olulinganayo asiyonto nje ekhoyo; inesiseko esiqinileyo esisemthethweni nesasembalini. EUnited States, i-Acimistime Protection Claus of the 14neth Amendment (yaqinisekiswa ngo-1868) ichaza ngokucacileyo ukuba akukho zwe liza ku "deny kumntu onegunya lakhe lokukhusela imithetho efanayo. "le; eli binzana lalicetyiswe ukukhusela amaMelika atsha akhululekileyo emva kwemfazwe yeNovalement, kodwa ukususela ngoko belisetyenziselwa ukunqanda ucalulo olusekelwe kuhlanga, ubufana, ubufana, ubuhlanga, kunye nezinye iindidi eziphuma kumatyala eencwadi eekhonto enjenge [[FLT:]. Brown v. Ibhodi yemfundo[FLT][FLD1:] [5] [12]

Ihlabathi lonke, lo mgaqo ubekwe kumaxwebhu afana neSindululo somhlaba Wonke saMalungelo abantu (Artle 7) kunye noMvumelwano wezizwe ngezizwe kuMalungelo aBalelwano nawamazwe. Noko ke, iziqinisekiso ezingokwasemthethweni zodwa azinele. Imithetho kufuneka itolikwe, inyanzeliswe, ihlaziywe ukuze ibonise amaxabiso aquka intlalo-ntle. Izakhamuzi zifeza indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ukhuseleko olulinganayo luhlala luhleli, idinga elisebenzayo kunokuba ligqabaza elingenanto. iZiko loMbutho we-American

Indima Yommi Kwinkqubo Yedemokhrasi

Idemokhrasi ephilileyo ixhomekeke kubantu abanolwazi nabasebenzayo. Abahlali abangobamkeli abangasebenziyo beenkonzo zikarhulumente; bangabaququzeleli besivumelwano soluntu. Xa abantu besebenzisana neenkqubo zezobupolitika nezomthetho, banceda ukulungisa ukungalingani, babalaselise okungekho sikweni, kwaye banyanzelela utshintsho oluhambelana nokubaluleka konyango olulinganayo. Oku kugadiswano kungathabatha iintlobo ezininzi, ukusuka kwibhokisi yebhola ukuya kulungelelaniso lwebutho, ukusuka kugqabaza lukawonke-wonke ukuya kwinkxaso yoluntu.

Ngaphandle kokuba nenxaxheba kommi okhutheleyo, imithetho ingabanjwa zizinto ezikhethekileyo okanye isetyenziswe ngeendlela ezithi amaqela asengozini. Umzabalazo wembali wamalungelo abantu eUnited States `suka kumbutho wokuphelisa ukuya kwiphulo lamabhinqa lokulwa i-LGBTQ + ukulingana-------odola okuthi phantse kufuneke umgudu oqhubekayo wotyani. Njengokuba iBrennan Center for Justice[ iphawula, “ukulingana akuyo akuyonto i-gqweqwele-exting; kufuna ukuhlala uphaphelo oluqhubekayo kunye nokungagobezwa."

Ukuhlala Unolwazi: Isiseko Sesenzo Esinempumelelo

Ulwazi luyimfuneko ukuze ube nenxaxheba enentsingiselo. Abami kufuneka baqonde ukuba kuthethwa ntoni ukukhuselwa ngendlela efanayo ekuqheliseleni, indlela imithetho yangoku esebenza ngayo, nalapho kukho imingxuma okanye ukungalungisi. Oku kubandakanya okungaphezulu kunokufunda imixholo ephambili; kufuna ukuvuma ukutyibilika kwimithetho yasekuhlaleni, imimiselo karhulumente, imimiselo yequmrhu, nezigqibo zenkundla ezichaphazela ubomi bemihla ngemihla.

Imithombo Yenkcazelo Enokuthenjwa

Inkcazelo ethembekileyo ingafunyanwa ngee-website zikarhulumente (njenge-USA.gov ukwenzela uqhagamshelwano norhulumente), imibutho engangeniyo enjenge-Rwintelligence of Women Voters, amakliniki asemthethweni, neempapasho zemfundo. Izixeko ezininzi namazwe anikela ii-chweba ze-intanethi apho kukhutshwa imithetho ecetyiweyo kunye nocwangciso lokuva esidlangalaleni. Emva koko imithombo inceda abemi bafumane iinguqu ezicetyisiweyo ezinokudodobanisa ukhuseleko olulinganayo, njengemithetho yevota ye-othor eneziphumo ezingqubana nemiqathango, imigaqo ekhupha imiqathango edibanisa abantu abahlala kunye, okanye imigaqo egwebayo evelisa iintlobo ezihlukeneyo zeentlanga.

Ukuqonda Impembelelo Ngogcino - lwazi Nangamabali

Imiba yokhuseleko olulinganayo idla ngokubonakala ngokweerejista zezibalo. Umzekelo, ulwazi olubonisa ukuba abantu abanemibala bafumana izigwebo ezinde kwityala elifanayo leziyobisi njengoko abatyholi abamhlophe betyhila ucalucalulo olusemzimbeni. Kodwa amanani kufuneka adityaniswe neengxelo zobuqu ukuze aphembelele isenzo. Ingingqi kufuneka zifune iingxelo zobuqu ezisuka kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo . "Ngokuya kwi-forums, ngokufunda izincoko zobuqu, okanye ngokulinda ubungqina obuvela kwiimvo zomthetho.

Ukuncoma Nokuxhasa Abathathi-nxaxheba

Ukuncoma yenye yezona ndlela zingqalileyo zokuphembelela imithetho elawula ukhuseleko olulinganayo. Lunke unyulo-lonke "lungameli, rhulumente, kunye nolwasekuhlaleni" lunika ithuba lokukhetha abameli abamisela okusesikweni nokulingana. Noko ke, ukuvota kuyinxalenye ye-ququzelelo. Abami kufuneka bavavanye iirekhodi zabathathi-nxaxheba, imithombo yemali, kwaye bachaze izikhundla ezithile ezinxulumene nemigaqo-nkqubo engachaphazekanga-siseko solwaphulo-mthetho, utshintsho lwemithetho yezezomthetho, ukuhlala, ukulingana, ukuxhasa kwemfundo, kunye nokufikelela kwimpilo.

Ngasemva Kwebhokisi Yebhola

Ngaphandle kokuvota, abemi bangaxhasa abathathi-nxaxheba abalungileyo ngokusebenza ngokuzithandela kumaphulo, ngokumema iintlanganiso zolwazi, okanye ngokufak' isandla kwimibutho eqhuba isantya sokuvota. I-partior ibaluleke kakhulu kuba isoloko igqiba ukhetho lokugqibela kwisithili esingakhuphi. Ukukhuthaza abanye ukuba bavote qha abo bakwimimandla ephantsi kolawulo oluphezulu.

Ukongezelela, abavoti bangaxhasa amanyathelo okuvota okanye amaphetshana akhusela imigaqo elingana ngqo. Umzekelo, amanyathelo omgangatho okwandisa ukufikelela kovoti, ukunqanda ucalucalulo olusekelwe kwimbonakalo yesondo, okanye ukuguqula ulawulo kusoloko kubekwa kwivoti ngemigudu yabemi. Ukuthabatha inxaxheba kula maphulo (ngokuhlanganisa, ngokufaka intsebenzo, okanye ngokufundisa uwonke wonke) kunika abantu abaqhelekileyo isandla esingqalileyo ekulungiseni umthetho.

Ukunganyaniseki Nokunyolukela Imithetho Elungileyo

Ukuqhatha kudlulela ngaphaya kokuvota; kubandakanya ukunyanzela abenzi bomthetho kunye noluntu ukuba bamkele okanye bakhusele iinkqubo ezikhuthaza ukuphathwa ngendlela efanayo. Ilobbing ayiphelelanga kwimibutho ekhuselwe kakuhle [1] Wonke ummi unelungelo lokuqhagamshelana nabameli bakhe abanyuliweyo, angqine amava, aze acwangcise amaphulo engcinezelo yengca.

Ukubhala Iileta Nokutsalela Abanye Iileta

Ileta enye, eqiqayo, okanye etsalwa ngomnxeba kwiofisi yommisi-mthetho inokuba nempembelelo engaphaya kweyomntu, ingakumbi xa ivela kwingingqi ethile. Inginginya kufuneka ichaze ngokucacileyo inkxaso okanye inkcaso yayo kwityala elithile, ichaze isizathu sokuba inxulumene nokhuseleko olulinganayo, kwaye inike ibali lobuqu ukuba lifanelekile. Imibutho emininzi inikela iileta ezibhaliweyo, kodwa isitshixo kukuzingisa: abenzi bomthetho baphulaphula ngamazwi amaninzi, kwaye igalelo elithenjiweyo linceda ukuba igcine ikhuselwe ngendlela efanayo kwimi yomthetho.

Ukunikela Ubungqina Kwasesidlangalaleni Neendlebe

Amaqumrhu amaninzi eenkqubo zowiso-mthetho namabhunga esixeko anezi mithetho equlunqweyo. Ukuya nokuthetha ekuchotshelweni kwetyala kuyindlela enamandla yokumela izilangazelelo zoluntu. Ukulungiselela kubalulekile: izithethi zifanele zazi ityala, iimpembelelo zalo, kunye neempikiswano zabachasi. Coalition . .ukubekwa phambili kunye namanye amaqela ee-advocacy." kunciphisa umyalezo kwaye kunciphisa umthwalo kuye nawuphi na umntu.

Ukuncedisa Uluntu Nokwakha Amandla Okuqokelela

Kubalulekile ukuba umntu ngamnye enze into, kodwa kufuneka umgudu odityanisiweyo. Kukho iintlanganiso zabantu abanolwazi, oovimba namaqhinga afanayo.

Ukulungiselela okanye Ukuthelela Amaqela Asekuhlaleni

Izahluko zemibutho yasekuhlaleni (njengeNAACP, ACLU, okanye iCandelo lamaLungelo oluntu) zisoloko zijolise ingqalelo kwimibandela karhulumente kunye nomasipala. Ukuthelela iqela elinjalo kunika isakhiwo, ubucebisi, kunye neqonga ukuze kuqhutywe. Okanye, abemi balapha bangenza imibutho yabo esekelwe kwingingqi enxulumene nemicimbi ethile ekhethekileyo yengingqi (Ngokomzekelo, umbutho wokuqinisekisa ukuba abaphathi abalungileyo, umkhosi wempatho yemfundo yesikolo, okanye umbutho odityaniswe kwimi yemisebenzi elinganayo yezindlu.

Ukuya Kwiintlanganiso Zasesidlangalaleni NeeNkundla

Iintlanganiso zebhunga lebhunga lesiXhosa, iintlanganiso zebhodi yesikolo, kunye nokucwangcisa iintlanganiso zekomishini zindawo apho kwenziwa izigqibo ezimalunga nemithetho yasekuhlaleni, uqingqo-mali, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo. Ukuya rhoqo kuqhelene nabemi ngenkqubo kwaye kwakhe ulwalamano kunye namagosa. Xa kuvela umngeni ofanayo wokhuseleko (njengotshintsho oluya kuchaphazela ngokungenakulinganiswa oluya kuchaphazela imimandla esezantsi ephakamileyo ephantsi), ekubeni iseke ubukho benza ukuba ukubhalisa koobhanki kusebenze ngakumbi. ICaliforn ekhoyo yeNkundla yoluntu inika umzekelo wendlela abemi abanokulungiselela ngayo nokuzibandakanya nolawulo lwasekuhlaleni.

Ukunikela Ngokuzithandela Kwimibutho Eluncedo

Iinzuzo ezingeyonzuzo kunye namaqumrhu aluncedo olusemthethweni asoloko exhomekeke kumatsha - ntliziyo kwimisebenzi efana nokubhabhabha, ukungena kogcino-lwazi, ukuguqulela amaxwebhu, kunye nokuqinisekisa. Ukuzinikela akuxhasi umsebenzi wokukhusela ofana ngqo kuphela kodwa kukwafundisa amatsha - ntliziyo malunga nokutshintsha kweembambano. Imibutho emininzi inikela iintlanganiso zokuqeqesha iingxoxo ezifana nemixholo ethi “Yazi Amalungelo Akho,” i-wigconstance, okanye unxulumano lwe-mediam.

Isenzo Sasemthethweni Nokuxhasa Uqikelelo

Maxa wambi inyathelo lowiso-mthetho okanye lolawulo lolawulo aliwakhuseli amalungelo alinganayo, yaye inkqubo yenkundla iba yindawo yokulungisa. Abahlali banokuba nenxaxheba kule nkqubo ngeendlela ezininzi, nokuba abangomagqwetha.

Ukuxhasa Imithetho Enempembelelo

Imibutho emininzi yamalungelo abantu ifaka iintelekiso okanye ivavanya amatyala okucel ’ umngeni imithetho okanye ulwaphulo-mthetho. Le meko idla ngokufuna inkxaso-mali yeendleko zomthetho, amangqina obuchule, kunye neendleko zenkundla. Ukunikela kwiintlangano ezifana ne-ACLU, iNaACP Evolution and Educational Fund, okanye iZiko loMthetho leSizwe lamaNady linceda ukuxhasa le migudu. Ingineganenkenethi ikwazi ukwasasaza ukuva amatyala aqhubekayo nokuya kwiinkundla ukubonakalisa inkxaso kawonke-wonke.

Ukusebenzisa Umatshini Wesimi Okhalazelayo

Amasebe amaninzi karhulumente aneziteshi ezinika abemi izikhalazo ezibhaliweyo ngocalucalulo okanye ukuphathwa ngendlela engalinganiyo. Ngokomzekelo, iSebe lamaLungelo e-U.S. liyavuma ukuba izikhalazo malunga nokuziphatha okubi kwamapolisa, ucalucalulo, kunye nokungathobelwa kwamalungelo eevoti. Ukubhenela ityala elinconywayo elithe kratya kunokubangela uphando nesenzo sokulungisa. Ngokufanayo, iikomiti zasekuhlaleni namalungelo abantu zisoloko zisingatha izikhalazo ngemisebenzi, izindlu, kunye nocalucalucalulo-calulo lwasekuhlaleni.

Ukufundisa Abanye: Ukwandisa Ukuzinikela Kwizithethe

Ukukhusela okulinganayo asiyongcamango nje esemthethweni; kodwa kuyinto exabisekileyo ngokwesithethe. Abahlali banokunceda ekuphuculeni le ngxaki kuluntu abahlala kulo ngokufundisa abanye, ingakumbi abantu abaselula.

Ukufundisa Isizukulwana Esilandelayo

Abazali, othisha, nabacebisi bangabafundisa abantwana imigaqo yokusesikweni nokungacalucalucalulo ngokweminyaka yabo, iingxoxo, iincwadi, kunye neeprojekthi zenkonzo yoluntu. Iintlanganiso zesikolo zikwayindawo yokuxhasa imbali yamalungelo abantu nokuqhubeka komlo wokulingana. Xa abafundi beqonda indlela imithetho eye yasetyenziswa ngayo ukukhusela nokukhanyela unyango olulinganayo, nabo baba ngabemi abathenjiweyo.

Iziganeko Zemfundo Yasekuhlaleni Ezikhuthazayo

Abami bayakwazi ukulungiselela iindawo zokusebenzela, ukuzoba iifilimu, okanye iingxubusho zeqela lenjongo efana namalungelo okuvota, izindlu ezintle, okanye umthetho wokufuduka. Ukusebenzisana namathala eencwadi, iicawa, izikolo, okanye amashishini asekuhlaleni kulungiselela iindawo kunye nabaphulaphuli. Ezi ziganeko ziphembelela iinkqubo ezisemthethweni kunye neentlanganiso ezinika amandla abo bakhoyo ukuba bathabathe amanyathelo. Kwakhona bakhuthaza umanyano kumaqela awahlukeneyo amanani abantu, bomeleza ukuzinikela ngokwembutho ukulingana.

Ukoyisa Iingcamango Neengxaki Eziqhelekileyo

Kwanabemi abazimiseleyo basenokujamelana nemiqobo yokuba nenxaxheba ephumelelayo. Ixesha, imali, imisantsa yolwazi nokungaqiniseki kunokubenza bangathembisani.

Ingcamango Ethi “Inye Inxalenye Yelanga". Iya Kuyisingatha

Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba amagqwetha, abezobupolitika, okanye iingcali ezingafumani ngeniso ziza kunyamekela imiba efanayo yokukhusela. Nangona ezi ngcungela zibalulekile, azinakukwazi ukuthatha indawo yogunyaziso lwedemokhrasi olubangelwa kukubandakanyeka kwabemi abaninzi. Imbali ibonisa ukuba iinguqu zokuguqula-tshintsha (ukusukela kuMthetho wamaLungelo oMsebenzi wama-649 ukuya kumaMerika oMthetho weNguquko) owenziwe ngoMthetho weNguqu-mfama ngenxa yokuba izigidi zabantu abaqhelekileyo zazifuna oko.

Ukuzalanisa ulwazi

Ubuninzi bemithetho, izigqibo zenkundla, namabali eendaba bungamangalisa. Abahlali kufuneka banikele ingqalelo kwimibandela embalwa ebaluleke kakhulu kubo kwaye babe nolwazi kwezo ndawo. Ukuthumela kumaphepha-ndaba avela kwimibutho ethembekileyo (njenge Brennan Center okanye i-ACLU) kungazisa uhlaziyo. Ukubeka bucala kwanemizuzu eli-15 ngeveki ukuze bafunde ngomxholo olinganayo wokukhusela umntu ngaphandle kokubangela ukudinwa.

Ukuhlangabezana Nokudinwa Kwamandla Nethemba Elihlala Lihleli

Ukungalungisi okungekho sikweni okulawulwa yinkqubo kunganenza buthathaka ngokweemvakalelo. Kubalulekile ukubhiyozela iimpumelelo ezincinane nokuxhasa abantu abanokufumana amava neemvakalelo ezinokudityaniswa. Ukukhathazeka, kuquka ukuphuncuka emsebenzini wobugxwayiba, akusiko ukungaphumeleli, kodwa kuyimfuneko ukuxhasa ixesha elide. Ekugqibeleni, usukelo luzinzile, kunokuba ube nenxaxheba ngokuzingisileyo kunobuqhawe kodwa ulwenze umgudu omfutshane ohlala ixesha elide.

Isiphelo: Wonke Ummi unendima

UmGaqo-siseko wodwa awuqinisekiswa ngokuzibophelela kwabantu abaqhelekileyo, ngokuzingisa, nangokuzingisileyo. Enoba ngokhetho, ngokuqhagamshelana nabamisi-mthetho, ngokulungiselela abamelwane, ngokuxhasa, okanye ngokufundisa abantwana, ummi ngamnye unokuba negalelo kwibutho labantu apho kungenabulungisa kodwa kungenziwa. Lo msebenzi ucetyiswayo kwaye usoloko ungabonakali, kodwa usenza isiseko solawulo lwedemokhrasi. Njengoko inkokeli yamalungelo abantu uJohn Lewis yamva yathi, “UDemocracy asingombuso. Sisenzo, kwaye isizukulwana ngasinye simele senze indima yaso ukuze sincede ukuba sincede oko sikubiza ngokuba yiNtlangalamfa.” Ukuncedisa ekukhuseleni kukwezona ndlela zinamandla zokuqhuba loo nto.