Ukwazisa: Amandla Okuthabatha Inxaxheba Emzamini Ekwenzeni Umthetho

Ukwenza imithetho kudla ngokubonwa njengenkqubo ebekelwe abezobupolitika, abaququzeleli, kunye neengcali zomthetho. Noko ke, kwiinkqubo zedemokhrasi, isiseko somthetho osemthethweni sixhomekeke ekuthatheni inxaxheba ngolwazi lwabemi abaqhelekileyo. Kunokusuka ekubeni ngumdlalo ongakhathaliyo, ukubekwa komthetho kunika iingongoma ezininzi apho abantu ngabanye, amaqela oluntu, kunye nabantu abangengobazozo ezonqulo bangabumba imithetho elawula ubomi babo bemihla ngemihla. Ukuba uxhalabele ukulawulwa kwemekobume, ukufikelela kwempilo, ukuxhaswa kwemfundo, okanye inkululeko yabemi, ukuqonda indlela yokulandela nokuphembelela umthetho kucwangciswe ngayo ukuba ubuchule obuluncedo obuthi kwenze ukuba usebenzise ilizwi lakho kwinkqubo yezopolitiko.

Eli nqaku linikela isikhokelo esibanzi sokubandakanya inkqubo yokwenza umthetho kumgangatho wesizwe, wesizwe, nowasekuhlaleni. Ligubungela indlela yokulandela amatyala, yokunxibelelana ngokunempumelelo namagosa anyuliweyo, ukuthatha inxaxheba ekuxilongweni kwabantu, nokusebenzisa iindlela ezingokwesithethe nezezi mini zokubhalisa. Ekupheleni, uya kuba nemaphu ecacileyo yokuhamba ukusuka ekuphaphathweni ukuya ekuququzeleni kwequmrhu elikhutheleyo.

" Isikhundla esibaluleke kakhulu kwidemokhrasi yisikhundla sommi. ” — IJaji Louis Brandeis[[FLT: 1]

Isizathu Sokuba Ummi Abandakanye Imibandela

Idemokhrasi esempilweni ifuna okungaphezulu kunokuvota ngamaxesha athile. Phakathi konyulo, abamisi-mthetho benza izigqibo kumakhulu eenxalenye zomthetho ezichaphazela yonke into ukusuka kumgangatho womoya ukuya kumlinganiselo werhafu. Ngaphandle komgaqo-nkqubo ozinzileyo wabemi, ezi zigqibo zidla ngokuxhasa izilangazelelo ezicwangcisiweyo kunye nabaququzeleli abalungeleleneyo. Ugcino-lwazi olusuka kumsebenzi lubonisa ukuba amaziko achitha amawaka ezigidi zemali minyaka le-nyaka ekufuneni, ngokufuthi ehlisa impembelelo yomntu ngamnye ovoti.

Ngaphezu koko, abemi abatshatelwe basebenza njengeenja ezigadiweyo. Xa ulandela umthetho rhoqo, ungabona ukutshintshwa kwengxaki, ukukhutshwa kwemali, okanye iindlela zokusetyenziswa kwemali ezinokuthi ngandlel'uthile ziphephe ukuqwalaselwa nguwonke-wonke. Abantu abaya kwintlanganiso banokuphulaphula baze banikele iintetho zikawonke-wonke baphembelele ngqo ulwimi lwamatyala ngezantsi. Ngokufuthi xa kusenziwa iinguqu ezichaphazela izigidi zabantu. Ngokomzekelo, ebudeni bokuphikisana nge-e-ethenti -nti, izigidi zamagqabaza kawonke zangene kwiKhomishini yoNxibelelwano lweNtshona, ebonisa amandla okuphendula kwengca.

Emva Kwenkqubo Yokwenza Umthetho: Izixhobo Nobugcisa

Imithetho ePhawulayo ePhawulayo

Umthombo oyintloko wokufumana umthetho yi-website karhulumente esemthethweni yolawulo lwakho. E-United States, .Gov unika isiseko sokukhangela iindleko ezikhoyo, izigqibo, iingxelo zekomiti, kunye nezivoti eziqengqelekayo. Ungaphendla ngegama eliyintloko, uxhasa, ikomiti, okanye inani lemali. Gcina ukuphendla nokumisela izilumkiso ze-imeyili zezinxaxhi ezintsha ezihambelana nezilangazelelo zakho. Kumgangatho wesizwe, inkoliso yeendlu yowiso igcina ii-mthetho zigcina ii-chweba ezifanayo zezibuko, umzekelo, i-Liklifonia Iprojectal Relatementation Informations okanye i-Accostation Menual On.

I-data engundoqo ikhombe kwisibonisi kwezi nqanawa ziqukwa:

  • Iimeko ze- nokuba uxwebhu luvezwe, lubhekiswe kwikomiti, ludlulise igumbi, okanye luthunyelwe kwirhuluneli.
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Izabelo zeKompmittee: Ziziphi iikomiti eziqwalasela ityala lemali, naxa ukuva kucwangciselwe.
  • [[UMTHETHO:0] Umbhalo kunye notshintsho: Ulwimi oluchanileyo lwemali, kunye nazo naziphina iinguqu ezicetyiweyo.
  • Iingxelo zokubhalisa: Indlela igosa ngalinye elinyuliweyo elivotelweyo kwimali, elikunceda ukuba uzigcine zinobutyala.

Usebenzisa icandelo lesithathu Ukhangelo lwe Platforms

Imibutho emininzi engeyoyaparatis igcina amaqonga alula okulandelela izibhaka-bhaka. Govtrack.us inikela iiprojekthi eziphengululwayo zelungu ngalinye le Congress, ixela iziphumo zemali, kwaye ikuvumela ukuba ufumane uhlaziyo nge- email okanye i-RS. I-Sunight Foundation (Addived) kunye neLugar Center inika namaqela okukhanyisa. Amaqela, izixhobo ezifana ne-Popvox kunye ne-Obarable zikuvumela ukuba ulandele umthetho ngexa wabelana ngesikhundla sakho ngqo kunye nabenzi bomthetho.

Ukuya Kwiindlebe Zesidlangalala

Iikomiti ezininzi zemithetho zibamba ukuchotshelwa kwabantu ngokubanzi apho amaqela anomdla anokunikela ubungqina khona, okanye ngokulula. Ezi ndlebe zisoloko zihlala zihleli zihleli zize zigcinwe. Ukufumana ukuva, khangela ucwangciso lwekomiti kwi-webhsayithi yendlu yowiso-mthetho enxulumeneyo. Kwimimandla emininzi, kufuneka utyikitye kwangaphambili ukuba ufuna ukunikela ubungqina. Nokuba uqaphele kuphela, ukuphulaphula kutyhila amandla okwenene okuwenza umthetho: lawo amalungu abuza imibuzo yokuthandabuza, oko kuthethwa ngako kogcino-lwazi, nendlela izivumelwano ezikhoyo nezingadibaniselwani. Kurhulumente wasekuhlaleni (amabhunga, iintlanganiso zephondo), iintlanganiso zidla ngokuvulelwa uwonke, kwaye kusoloko kukho "intetho yoluntu" ekuqaleni okanye ekupheleni kwemimiselo.

Ifunda iiKhalenda zoMgaqo-siseko kunye neeDaily Digests

Iimithetho ezisebenza kwiikhalenda ezingqongqo. Kwingqungquthela, i "Daily Digest" (epapashwe kwiCongregational Recongress) ishwankathela zonke izenzo zomgangatho, iintlanganiso zeekomiti, kunye neevoti ezicwangcisiweyo. Amazwe amaninzi avelisa iingqimba zawo. Ukunikezela kumgaqo-siseko wokwenza ixesha ngokuqaqambisa ixesha elisisigxina semiqathango, njenge "umhla wesibhaka-bhaka" xa kufuneka agqithise indlu yawo yemvelaphi ukuze ahlale ephila.

Ukunxulumana Nabenzi Bomthetho: Imigaqo Esebenzayo

Ibhala Ii-imeyili neeleta Ezinempumelelo

I-imeyili yeyona ndlela iqhelekileyo yokuqhagamshelana namagosa anyuliweyo, kodwa iyasebenza ixhomekeke kokuqulathiweyo. I-imeyili enye, eqwalaselweyo, eqwalaselweyo inempembelelo enkulu kunefomati. Zichaze ngokukhankanya ukuba ungumtyaba (udibanisa idilesi yakho epheleleyo). Limela inani okanye isihloko, chaza isizathu sokuba ibaluleke kuwe usebenzisa imizekelo ecacileyo yehlabathi lokwenene, kwaye ngokucacileyo ucele isenzo esithile (umz., "Nceda uvote kwi HB 12335"). Gcina i-imeyili i-Playdroot / short", okanye umphetho okanye umhla.

Kwisiphumo esiphezulu, thumela umyalezo wakho kwilungu labasebenzi elisingatha indawo ethile yombalelwano. Ungafumana abasebenzi abalawuli kwiwebhsayithi nganye esemthethweni yomenzi-mthetho. Kwakhona, qwalasela ixesha: ukuthumela umyalezo phambi kwevoti yekomiti okanye uvoti yomgangatho kungxamiseke kakhulu kunoluqhagamshelwano jikelele.

Ukutsalelana Iminxeba: Ngokukhawuleza Nangokobuqu

Iminxeba ihlala isebenza ngokumangalisayo, ingakumbi xa abenzi bomthetho bengakhange bancedwe kwityala. Umnxeba omfutshane, ozolileyo oya kwi-ofisi yesithili yasekuhlaleni usoloko ungeniswa kwisiseko sedata. Sebenzisa iskripti ukuba uthuntu: "Molo, igama lam [igama], kwaye ndihlala [kwidilesi]. Ndibiza ukubuza [igama] ukuba i-Scessistent [igama] ixhase i-partum [inombolo]. Olu phawu lunga chaza [isivumelwano], kwaye kubalulekile kum ngenxa yesizathu. Enkosi."

Ukubekwa Kweentlanganiso Ngepetroli

Akukho nto eyakha ulwalamano olufana nobuso nombutho wegosa okanye abasebenzi besithili. Ukucwangcisa, ukuqhagamshelana ne-ofisi yesithili (ekhoyo ngexesha lokuphumla) okanye i Washington, D.C. ofisi ngexesha lentlanganiso. Lungisa uxwebhu lwephepha elinye lekhefu-behindi olushwankathela umba wakho uze ubuze. Ngethuba lentlanganiso, yiba nentlonelo, phulaphula imbono yomenzi womthetho, uze unikezele ukuba nguvimba. Kwanentlanganiso enemineyi15 ingashiya uluvo oluhlala luhleli. Landela nge-email-enkosi uze uphinde isicelo sakho.

Ukuba Nenxaxheba KwiiHolo Zedolophana NakwiiNkundla Zoluntu

Phantse bonke abamisi-mthetho baqhuba iintlanganiso ezithe rhoqo zeholo yedolophu xa bebuyele ekhaya. La ngamathuba abalaseleyo okuphakamisa imibandela kwindawo kawonke-wonke. Yiza ulungiselele ngombuzo ocacileyo (ngaphandle kweentetho ezinde). Ukuba umenzi womthetho uyakuphepha ukuphendula, buza kwakhona ngesizotha. Iiholo zedolo-dolophu zikuvumela ukuba ubone indlela abasebenzisana ngayo nabameli bakho kunye nabantu kwaye ujonge izinto eziza kuqala kubo.

Ukuthabatha Inxaxheba KumaNcedo Kawonke - wonke

Ukuqonda Ixesha Lokugqabaza

Amasebe amaninzi alawulayo kunye nezindlu zowiso-mthetho ziquka amaxesha asesikweni okuphendula uwonke wonke njengenxalenye yenkqubo yomthetho okanye yowiso-mthetho. Umzekelo, xa umbutho wesizwe ucebisa umthetho omtsha (njengemigangatho ye-Arhente Yokhuseleko Lokusingqongileyo), ukhupha isaziso kwiFederal Register kwaye umema amagqabaza kawonke-wonke ngexesha elibekiweyo (ngokufuthi iintsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kuma-60. Ngokufanayo, amatyala anokuba yimfuneko ukuvavanywa kwi "icandelo lenzululwazi" okanye "inkcubeko-ongquthela" phambi kokuquluza kokuphela kwedrafti.

Indlela Yokusebenzisa Amagqabaza Anempumelelo

Igqabaza likawonke-wonke elinamandla lichanekileyo, lisekelwe-kungqina, kwaye lihloniphekile. Yazi inani ledokisi okanye isalathisi sengxelo semali. Ukuba kuyenzeka, bhekisa ugcino-lwazi lombutho okanye igunya elisemthethweni. Inika ezinye iindlela apho kufanelekileyo. Umzekelo, "Ndixhasa injongo yokucutha ukhupho lwekharbon, kodwa umthetho ocetyiweyo kwi 40 CFR Inxalenye 60 ungakwazi ukuphendula isizukulwana esabekileyo. Ndicebisa ukuba isangqa selanga sisetyenziswe njengokhetho oluthobelayo. Inkcaciso ekhethekileyo nesemgangathweni idla ngokufundwa ngabaqwalaseli kwaye ichazwe kwintlanganiso yesigqibo sokugqibela. Amatyala-Forgram-om, ngezihlandlo ezininzi, adityaniswe kunye namanani alinganayo anzima, athe kruntlulwe kakhulu, alungeleneyo, alungeleneyo, athobekileyo.

Iiplatfomu zovavanyo lwe-elet yoMgaqo-nkqubo

Oorhulumente abaliqela baye bahambisa igalelo kunxibelelwano lukawonke-wonke kwi-intanethi. I-European Union's "Beka iSithethi sakho" kwizibuko, kwimithetho karhulumente wase-U.S.gov, kunye namaqonga amaninzi omgangatho karhulumente akuvumela ukuba ujonge zonke izicelo, unikezele, uze ubone iimpendulo. La maqonga abonisa unikezelo: ungathabatha inxaxheba naphi na, nanini. Jonga ubume bakho ukuze ubone ukuba ngaba umbutho uphendula okanye ubandakanya icebiso lakho.

Iindlela Zokuphembelela Umthetho Ngaphandle Konxibelelwano Olungqalileyo

Ukulungiselela Okanye Ukuthelela Amaqela Obugxwayiba

Intshukumo yoqokelelo inyusa isiphumo sakho. Ukudibanisa umbutho okhoyo wokuzingelwa kwe-aRP, i-Sierra Club, okanye i-American Civil Liberation Union, okanye umnqongo wengca yasekuhlaleni, kukunika unikezelo lophando, ubuchule bomthetho, kunye namaphulo alungelelanisiweyo. La maqela asoloko elungiselela "lobby ntsuku" apho amalungu atyelela khona i-capitol, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba abasandul ’ ukuthabatha inxaxheba bathathe inxaxheba.

Ukuba akukho qela elifana nenkupho yakho, qwalasela ukuqala enye. Iqela elincinane kodwa elinikezelweyo lezinto ezizimeleyo lingasebenzisa impembelelo ebalulekileyo, ingakumbi kwimiba yasekuhlaleni okanye kwindawo ephezulu. Sebenzisa amaqonga anjenge [[FLT: 0] ukulungiselela iziganeko, amatsha - ntliziyo aqeqeshiweyo, kunye nokubophelela ingoma.

Izicelo: Amanani kunye nomzimba

Izibongozo zibonisa inkxaso ebanzi okanye inkcaso kwiceba lomthetho. Ngexa isicelo esinye sinqabile ukutshintsha ingqondo yomenzi womthetho ngokwaso, singatsala ingqalelo ye-media, siseka uluhlu lokuposa ukwenzela ukugqithisela okuqhubekayo kobungangamsha, kwaye sibonise amandla ngamanani. IPlatforms njengoTshintsho.org okanye Intshukumo yokukuvumela ukuba uqalise kwaye ukhuthaze izibongozo. Noko ke, ngaphandle kwe-intanethi izicelo zephepha zihlala zinamandla kumongo zasekuhlaleni . . Ukudibanisa utyikityo kwimiboniso yedolophu okanye iimarikethe zabathengi kubonisa ukuzinikela okunzulu koluntu.

Ukuya Kwimibhiyozo Nemiboniso

Umqondiso wobungangamsha wemvakalelo yoluntu ngokubanzi kwinkupho. Banganyanzela umthetho kwimiba kawonke-wonke okanye bafake uxinzelelo kubenzi bomthetho abantengantengayo. UMatshi, uMatshi weScience, kunye noBlack Lives Matter ngamnye uphembelela ukubekwa kwemithetho kwindawo yokuqala kwiindlela ezingenakulungiseka. Xa besiya, banxibelelana nabaququzeleli ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukudlulisa imiyalezo kucacile kwaye kusemthethweni.

Ukusebenzisa Ubuchule Bezoshishino

Ubuchule bezixhobo zekhompyutha zoluntu bungadibanisa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zonxibelelwano ngokufikelela abaphulaphuli ababanzi kwaye wenze inkangeleko yokuhambela phambili. Sebenzisa i-Twitter kubenzi bomthetho wesiphawuli (umz., @ isalathisi) ngamanani neempikiswano ezifutshane. Amaqela eFacebook angalungiselela ukubiza-'insteance's'. Istagram ne Tik ikuvumela ukwabelana ngamabali obuqu abangela imibandela entsonkothile. Noko ke, zixhobo zentlalo-luvo kufuneka zifake ingeniso "/indawo yokungcengala. /iiiiiiiir-transmethings zithatha ngokungathi zinzulu, kodwa isikhonkwane se-ithi ayithathi ifono yobuqu. Kwakhona, gcina isandi somntu ngamnye; ulwimi oluchukukra.

Ukungqinela Iindlebe ZeKomiti

Ukuba unobuchule okanye ibali lobuqu elichukumisayo, ubungqina phambi kwekomiti bunokuba yenye yezona ndlela zingqalileyo zokuphembelela umthetho. Faka ubungqina obubhaliweyo ngaphambi kwexesha ukuba buyimfuneko. Ngexesha lobungqina bomlomo, unemizuzu emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu. Lilizwe lakho, idilesi, kunye nonxibelelwano kwingxelo yobuqu. Thetha intetho yakho ngokulula kwaye ulindele imibuzo enzima kumalungu ekomiti. Amangqina anamava azisa ushicilelo lobungqina bawo aze anikezele ukuphendula imibuzo elandelayo.

Iingcamango Ezinzulu: Iimali, IziHluzi, Notshintsho Oluvela Kumaziko Eindawo

Ukwakha Iindawo Ezahlukahlukeneyo

Umthetho udla ngokusilela kuba ugqalwa njengophumezo lomdla omncinane. Ngokudibanisa imibutho eyahlukeneyo yezoshishino, amaqela ezentengiso, amaqumrhu onqulo, kunye namaqumrhu , ungazimisela ukuzimisela okumanyeneyo okumele kuthatyathwe nzulu. Amatyala asabelana ngeengongoma zokuthetha, amaxhoba okwahlula-hlula, kunye nokwandisa imiyalezo yomnye.

Ukucetyiswa Kohlaziyo

Kunokuchasana netyala ngokuphandle, qwalasela ukusebenza nomenzi womthetho onobuhlobo ukuvelisa isilungisi esiphuculayo. Le ndlela yentsebenziswano inika ulwalamano kwaye ingenza iziphumo ezingcono zenkqubo. Hlola ulwimi lwemali kwaye chaza icandelo elithile elinokuqiniswa. Didratec ilungisa ulwimi kwaye yahlule umxhasi. Nokuba ukulungisa akuphumelelanga, umgudu ungabeka isiseko sohlaziyo lwexesha elizayo.

Ubungqina

Oop, iileta eziya kumhleli, kunye nengxelo yendaba yasekuhlaleni ingenza uluvo lukawonke-wonke kunye nabenzi bomthetho woxinzelelo. Ukuthunga inqaku kwintatheli egquma indlu yowiso-ndaba: ingcaphephe yecandelo ithi ityala lika X liza kubiza amashishini amancinane ezigidi . Nika idata, iingcaphulo ezilungele, nokufikelela kubantu abachaphazelekayo. Inqaku elinye lingaphakamisa umbakho ukusuka kwinkupho emfiliba ukuya kumphezulu webhokisi yabaenzi-mthetho.

Ukuhlala Uqinile kwaye Uncedisa

Ukuthabatha inxaxheba kubemi kunemida esemthethweni. E-United States, abantu banokungena kwiingcambu eziphembelela ngaphandle kokubhalisa njengabakhuphisi-mvume, kodwa ukuba uhlawulwa okanye uchithe imali engundoqo ukuphembelela umthetho, kufuneka uthobele iimfuno zokutyhila. Ngamaxesha onke jonga imithetho yobhaliso yengingqi yelizwe lakho. Ngokufanayo, kuphephe ukunikela nayiphi na into exabisekileyo kummisi-mthetho xa uvota. Ukugcina ukukhanya kwintsebenziswano yakho kwaye uphephe ukuhlazisa intlawulo lwakho okanye intlangano yakho.

Isiphumo: Ukusuka ekuqapheleni ukuya ekuchaphazeleni

Ukuthabatha inxaxheba ekwenzeni umthetho asiyonto eyimfihlelo esetyenziswa kuphela ngabasebenzi bezomthetho. Ngezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokulandelela imikhondo, uthungelwano olunempumelelo, ukuxinanisa kwabantu, kunye nesenzo sokusebenza kunye neqela (nabani na ummi unokuba ligaxelene nolwazi nenempembelelo. Qala ngokuchonga umbambo omnye obaluleke kakhulu. Funda amanani emali, fumana abameli bakho, uze umisele inkqubo yokulandela iziganeko. Ngoko yenza isenzo sokuqala: ukuthumela i-imeyili, ukusayina isicelo, okanye ukuya kwiholo yedolophu. Inyathelo ngalinye lakha isihlunu se-somfono sakho soluntu lize lithumele umyalezo osebenza kakuhle xa ulawulo-demokhrasi lusebenza kubo bonke.

Khumbula ukuba ukuphembelela umthetho kudla ngokuba ngumdlalo omde. IiBhili zingathatha iminyaka ukudlula, kwaye imigudu emininzi iyasilela. Kodwa ukuzingisa kuyaphumelela, kwaye ubuchule obuphuhlisayo (ukukhangela, ukwakha umanyano, ukuthetha esidlangalaleni,) kuza kukunceda kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi boluntu. Inkqubo yokuyila umthetho iza kunceda abantu; ukucela impembelelo akuyonto ilungileyo kuphela kodwa imbopheleleko.