Ukubaluleka Kokuziphendulela Kwimisebenzi Karhulumente

Ingxelo kwimisebenzi karhulumente lityala lolawulo-demokhrasi olunempumelelo. Iqinisekisa ukuba amagosa karhulumente anokuphendula ngezenzo zawo, izigqibo, nokusetyenziswa koovimba babantu. Ngaphandle kobuchule bokuphendula, ukuthembana, ukukhutshwa korhwaphilizo, ukuchuma, nokunikezelwa kweenkonzo zikawonke-wonke. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa indlela eninzi yokuphendula kukarhulumente, ukubaluleka kwawo okubalulekileyo, amalungu angundoqo kunye nentlobo, iingxaki ezithintelayo ukukomeleza. Ngokuqonda le miqathango, abemi nabenzi benkqubo basebenza kunye nokwenza izinto ezicace ngakumbi, ezinokusebenza, nezingqinelanelo, kunye nezikhundla ezithembekileyo.

Ukuqonda Ityala

Ukuphendula kudlulela ngaphaya kokunikela ingxelo nje kwimisebenzi. Yingcamango enxulumene nembopheleleko yamagosa karhulumente ukuchaza ihambo yawo, ukuthethelela izigqibo zawo, nokuvuma iziphumo zokungaphumeleli kwawo. Embindini, ukuphendula kudinga iziqalelo ezintathu: ukubonakala, ukuphendula, nokunyanzeleka. Ukucaca kuthetha ukuba izenzo zikarhulumente nenkcazelo zifikeleleka kubantu ngokubanzi. Ukuphenduleka kubandakanya imbopheleleko yokunika iinkcazelo nokuzithethelela. Ukunyanzeleka kuqinisekisa ukuba kukho ubuchule bokufaka intembeko okanye ukuphonononga.

Ukuphendula kwimigangatho emininzi. Kumgangatho ngamnye, umsebénzi ngamnye ujongene nemisebenzi yakhe ekhethekileyo. Kumgangatho wokusekwa, onke amasebe kunye namasebe kufuneka aphendule ngomsebenzi wawo odibeneyo. Kwaye kumgangatho wenkqubo, sonke isakhiwo solawulo masiqinisekise ukuba uvavanyo nolungelelwaniso luthintela ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwamandla. Le ngcamango isekelwe ngokunzulu kwimigaqo yedemokhrasi, umthetho, namalungelo abantu. Amaqumrhu anjenge [[FLT: 0] [FLT] [[FLT]] kunye neBHANGELO LOLWAZI] lokugqibela. igxininisa ukuphendula kolawulo olunzulu lwedemo-yolawulo olulungileyo nolwakhiyo.

Isizathu Sokuba Imibandela Ibe Netyala

Ukuziphendulela akuyonto nje iqhelekileyo; kuneengenelo eziphathekayo koorhulumente nakubemi.

Yakha Intembelo

Ukuthembana yimali yolawulo-demokhrasi. Xa abemi bebona ukuba iinkokeli zabo zibekek ’ ityala ngezenzo zabo, basengozini yokukholelwa ukuba urhulumente wenza okona kulungileyo. Kwelinye icala, ukungabi natyala kubangela ukungathembani nokungafezeki. Uhlolisiso lubonise ukuba ukuchanabeka kakhulu ekuthembeni abantu kwimigangatho ephezulu yamaziko. Ngokomzekelo, amazwe anamaziko alwa norhulumente ombane onamandla kunye nabameli abazimeleyo ngokungaguqukiyo afumana iziphumo eziphezulu zokuthemba amanani amanani abantu.

Ikhusela Ukunganyaniseki

Iinkqubo zokuphendula ityala zisebenza njengendlela yokuthintela ukonakala. Xa amagosa esazi ukuba izigqibo zawo zixhomekeke ekuhlolweni kwaye aza kujamelana neziphumo zehambo engachananga, azinakukwazi ukubandakanyeka kuqheliselo olunganyanisekanga. Ukusetyenziswa komsebenzi wokonga, uqingqo-mali, kunye nokuxhakamfulwa komgunyaziso kunciphisa amathuba okunyoba kunye nokunganyaniseki. Imibutho yezizwe ngezizwe efana i-Trand International

Isalathisi somsebenzi

Ukuphendula kuqhubela phambili umsebenzi. Xa kufuneka amagosa karhulumente anikele ingxelo ngeziphumo zezenzo zawo aze athethelele izenzo zawo, ashukunyiselwa ukuba asebenze ngokunempumelelo nanempumelelo. Uqingqo-mali olusekelwe kumsebenzi, umzekelo, ukudityaniswa kwemali esekelwe kwiziphumo ezinokuthelekelelwa, ukukhuthaza amaqumrhu ukunikela ingqalelo ekufikeleleni iinjongo zawo. Oku kukhokelela ekunikezelweni okungcono, ekuphuculweni kwemiqathango kawonke-wonke, kunye nexabiso elikhulu lemali yabahlawuleli-mali.

Ikhuthaza Ukucaca

Ukuphendula nokubonisa ulwazi ngamacala amabini engqekembe enye. Ukuze oorhulumente baphendule, kufuneka babonakale ngemisebenzi yabo, izigqibo, kunye nokusetyenziswa koovimba. Vula amanyathelo ogcino-lwazi, ukufikelela koluntu kwimithetho yolwazi, kunye nenkululeko yolwazi yenza zonke iinkonzo zenkxaso zemali ngokwenza ulwazi lukarhulumente lufikeleleke. Oku kunika abemi amandla okuqwalasela izenzo zikarhulumente kunye nemibutho yoluntu ukuqwalasela iinguqu.

Amalungu Angundoqo Okuphendula

Ukuziphendulela okusebenzayo kufuna ukuba kusetyenziswe imigaqo esemthethweni, engoorhulumente, neyoluntu.

Ifomati ye CD

Ummiselo ongqongqo ongokwasemthethweni uchaza iimbopheleleko zamagosa karhulumente, imisela iinkqubo zokuziphendulela, kwaye ichaza iziphumo zokwaphula umthetho. Oku kuquka umgaqo-siseko, imimiselo, imimiselo, kunye nemigaqo yokuziphatha. Ngokomzekelo, amazwe amaninzi anemithetho efuna ukuba amagosa karhulumente avakalise iimpahla zawo, athintele iingxabano zenzala, akhuphe nemisebenzi ekhuthazayo. Isiseko somthetho sikwamisela igunya namandla amaqumrhu ajongeneyo.

Izidumbu ezijongene ne-ofisi

Amaqumrhu olawulo oluzimeleyo abalulekile ekuhloleni izenzo zikarhulumente nokuqinisekisa ukubuyiselwa koxanduva. Ezi ziquka abameli abachasene nokonakala, ii-ofisi zoogxampyutha, amaqumrhu okuphicotha, kunye neekomishini yamalungelo abantu. Amaqumrhu olawulo olusebenzayo azimeleyo, afumana iinkxaso ezifanelekileyo, kwaye anikwe amandla okuphengulula, agunyazise ugunyaziso, nokuncomela utshintsho. Intlangano yeInternational of Suppont Aplinitionstions (INTAINTS) imisela imilinganiselo yemibutho ezimeleyo enceda ukuqinisekisa ukulawulwa kwemali kawonke wonke.

Ukuthabatha Inxaxheba Kuwonke - wonke

Ukuganana kwabemi kuyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuziphendulela ngokwentlalo. Xa abemi bebandakanyeka kwiinkqubo zokwenza izigqibo, ukucebisana ngoqingqo-mali, kunye nokuchophela amava kawonke-wonke, bayakwazi ukuvakalisa inkxalabo yabo, banikele igalelo, baze bagcine amagosa etyala. Ukuthabatha inxaxheba kuqingqo-mali, amakhadi achaza amanani asekuhlaleni zizixhobo eziluncedo ezinika amandla abantu ukuba bajonge iinkonzo zikawonke wonke. Iinkqubo zokuphendula kwiimeko zoluntu ziyasebenza ngakumbi kumgangatho wasekuhlaleni, apho abemi banokuyiqwalasela ngqo impembelelo yezenzo zikarhulumente.

Ukunika ingxelo ngeematshini

Ukunika ingxelo rhoqo nokucace gca kungundoqo wokuziphendulela. Oorhulumente kufuneka bamisele iinkqubo zokunika ingxelo ngamaxesha athile ngomsebenzi, kulawulo lwemali, kunye neziphumo zenkqubo. Ezi ngxelo kufuneka zifikeleleke ekuhleni kwaye zinikelwe ngendlela eqondakalayo kubemi abaqhelekileyo. Amaqonga amanani kunye nee-data ezivulekileyo kwenza kube lula ukupapasha iingxelo zengxelo zemisebenzi karhulumente nokuvumela uwonke wonke ukuba uhlaziyo. Umzekelo, oorhulumente abaninzi ngoku bapapashe iingxelo zoqingqo-mali, uphando, kunye namanani okunikezelwa kweenkonzo kwi-intanethi.

Iintlobo zokuphendula

Ukuphendula kwimisebenzi yorhulumente kuvela ngeendlela eziliqela ezahlukeneyo, nganye iphumeza injongo eyahlukileyo kwaye ijolise amaxhoba ahlukeneyo. Ukuqonda ezi ndlela kuyanceda ekuyileni iinkqubo ezilungeleleneyo zokuphendula.

Ukuziphendulela Kwezobupolitika

Uxanduva lwezopolitiko lubhekisela kulwalamano phakathi kwamagosa anyuliweyo nabo bawameleyo. Ngonyulo oluthe rhoqo, abemi bayakwazi ukuvuza okanye bohlwaye abezobupolitika ngokusekelwe kumsebenzi wabo. Ngaphandle konyulo, ukuphendula kwezopolitiko kukwaquka ukujongelwa phantsi yimithetho yowiso-mthetho, imibuzo yepalamente, iikomiti, ukuchola-ndlebe, nokungavunyelwa. Amaqela ezobupolitika, amajelo eendaba, kunye noluvo lukawonke wonke afeza indima ekubekeni ityala leenkokeli ezinyuliweyo. Noko ke, ukuphendula kwezobupolitika kunokuncitshiswa ngenxa yeemeko ezifana nemithetho yemithetho yemithetho, ukungalingani kwezelelwa kwezemali, kunye nokungakhathaleli.

Ukuphendula kolawulo

Ukuphendula kolawulo kusebenza kumagosa angoorhulumente nangabasebenzi bakarhulumente abamiselweyo. La magosa amele aphendule kubaphathi bawo, kwisebe eliphetheyo, yaye ekugqibeleni kuluntu ngokubanzi. I-Mechanism iquka ukunconywa komsebenzi, uphicotho-zincwadi lwangaphakathi, iinkqubo zoluleko, nokuthobela imithetho yehambo. Ukuphendula koorhulumente kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zikawonke-wonke zisetyenziswa ngokunempumelelo kwaye oovimba belizwe basetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuphendula kolawulo olungenamandla kungakhokelela ekusebenziseni gwenxa, ekulahleni, ekulahleni, nasekuphatheni inkunkuma.

Ukuphendula kwe-AP

Ijaji inika amagosa karhulumente ityala ngokusemthethweni. Iinkundla zingabuhlola ubutyala bemithetho karhulumente, zibethelele imithetho engekho mgaqweni, zize zicwangcise iindleko zokuchaswa kwamalungelo. Ukuhlola ikomiti kusisixhobo esinamandla sokuqinisekisa ukuphenduliswa kwetyala, ingakumbi xa kusetyenziswa kakubi igunya okanye ukuphulwa kwenkqubo efanelekileyo. Noko ke, ukuphendula ngetyala kufuna ijaji ezimeleyo nengakhethi cala, enokuthi ithotywe yingxaki yokugxambukela kwezobupolitika, ukonakala, okanye ukuswela koovimba.

Ukuphendula

Ukuziphendulela okungqalileyo kubandakanya ukuganana kwabemi namagosa karhulumente, ukudlula kumgaqo-nkqubo wokhetho okanye iziko. Kudla ngokwenziwa yimibutho yasekuhlaleni, amaqela oluntu, kunye nabantu abalwela ukumamela. Izixhobo ziquka ukuchotshelwa kwabantu, uphicotho-zincwadi lwentlalo, imigaqo-siseko yabemi, kunye nezikhalazo. Ukuphendulana ngokwezentlalo kusebenza ngakumbi kummandla apho abaphathi abasemthethweni benziwe buthathaka okanye babanjwa.

Ucelomngeni Lokuziphendulela

Nangona kubalulekile, ukuphumelela ekuphenduleni imisebenzi karhulumente kuzele lucelomngeni. Le miqobo inganciphisa kwanezona nkqubo zifanelekileyo zokuphendula.

Ukungabikho kokuBhalisa

Xa izenzo zikarhulumente zifihliwe, ukuphenduliswa komsebenzi kuyinto engenakwenzeka. Ukufihla imfihlo kungenziwa ngesiquphe, njengaxa amagosa efihla ukunganyaniseki okanye ukungafezeki, okanye kunokusuka kwimibandela engekhoyo njengenkqubo yolawulo olubuthathaka. Kwanalapho kukho imithetho yokubonisa ulwazi, isenokunyanzeleka ukuba inganyanzelekanga okanye ibhaqwe ngokusetyenziswa kwamabinzana ahlulayo. Ngaphandle kokufikelela kwixesha, ngokuchanekileyo, nakulwazi olupheleleyo, abemi abanako ukukwazi ukuqwalasela ngokunempumelelo ukusebenza korhulumente okanye bagcine amagosa ebeke ityala.

Iinguqu Ezibuthathaka

Amaqumrhu alawulayo omelele kanye njengokuba imekobume engokwasemthethweni neyezobupolitika iwaxhasa. Amaziko abuthathaka asenokungabi nazintlawulo, angabi namali yaneleyo, abasebenzi abanobuchule, okanye abasebenzi abalawulayo. Kwamanye amazwe, amaqumrhu alwa nokunganyaniseki abanjwa ngoorhulumente abafanele bajonge. Iipalamente zisenokungabi nabuchule okanye ukuzimisela ukuqhuba ulawulo oluphumelelayo. Iinkundla zisenokuncitshiswa okanye zithotyelwe yingcinezelo yezobupolitika. Ubuthathaka bequmrhu lequ bubangela ukuphel ’ ityala okubangela ukusohlwaywa.

Umahluko Wezobupolitika

Ukungenelela kwezobupolitika kungumqobo omkhulu ekungameleni ityala. Xa abadlali abanamandla belawula iinkqubo zobuveleli, becinezela, okanye bephindisela ngokuchasene nabavuli-vuli, indlela yokuziphendulela iyaphela. Oku kunokwenzeka ngokusongela, ngokunyoba, okanye ngokumisela abalandeli abanyanisekileyo kwizikhundla zolawulo. Ukungenelela kwezobupolitika akuyithi shwaka nje kuphela imigudu engqalileyo yokuziphendulela kwiimeko ezithile kodwa kukwaphelisa ukuthembeka kwabantu kuyo yonke inkqubo. Ukukhusela inkululeko yemibutho ejongelayo kufuna ukukhuselwa ngokuqinileyo nokuhlonelwa komthetho.

Ukungakhathali Kukawonke - wonke

Ukuziphendulela asiyombopheleleko yoorhulumente kuphela; kwakhona kufuna ukuba abemi abatshate. Xa uluntu lungakuthandi ukuthelekisa, lungenalwazi, okanye lungenamdla, amagosa ajamelana nengcinezelo encinane yokuba aphendule. Umvoti ophantsi, ukungathabathi nxaxheba ekuhloleni uluntu, nokungakhathaleli iimpazamo zokonakala eziboniswa amagosa ukuba anokungafumani tyala. Ukulwa nokungakhathali kwabantu kufuna imfundo yoluntu, ulwazi olufikelelekayo, namathuba okuba nenxaxheba. Imibutho yezentlalo kunye nemibutho yasekuhlaleni iyakwazi ukukhuthaza abemi ukuba bangenele kwaye ixhase ingcinezelo yokuziphendulela.

Ubuchule bokwandisa ukuphendula

Ukuqinisa imbopheleleko kumsebenzi karhulumente kufuna indlela elandelelanayo. Ngeli ngezantsi ziingcebiso ezisebenzayo ezinokulandelwa ngoorhulumente noluntu.

Ukuqinisa iziko

Ukwakha amaqumrhu olongamelelo olomeleleyo kubalulekile. Oku kuquka ukuqinisekisa ukuzimela kwawo ngaphandle kwempembelelo yabalawuli, ukulungiselela uqingqo-mali kunye nabasebenzi, kunye nokuwanika uqingqo-mali olunamandla namandla okusebenza. Ukuseka imiyalelo ecacileyo esemthethweni kunye nemigangatho yomsebenzi wequmrhu elijongeleyo kunakho ukunyusa ukuphumelela kwayo. Intsebenziswano yomhlaba wonke kunye nohlolo loontanga, njengaleyo iqhutywa iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo nxamnye norhwaphilizo (UNCAC), kunganceda amazwe aphucule iziko zawo zokwakha.

Ukukhuthaza Ukubonakala kwelinye Ixesha

Ukucaca gca kumele kuqiniswe ngokucwangcisiweyo kwimisebenzi karhulumente. Oku kunokufunyanwa ngokutyhilwa kolwazi, iinkqubo zogcino-lwazi ezivulekileyo, nokufikelela koluntu kwimithetho. Oorhulumente kufuneka bapapashe uqingqo-mali, izivumelwano zokufumana, iingxelo zophicotho-zincwadi, kunye ne-data yomsebenzi kwiifomati ezibhalwe ngomatshini. Iiplatfomu ezihamba phambili zinganciphisa amathuba okunganyaniseki ngeenkqubo zokwenza i-octive kunye nokwenza imikhondo yokuphicotha. Imithetho yokhuselo lwe-Whistlecupper kufuneka imiselwe kwaye inyanzelelwe ukukhuthaza ukuchaza okona.

Ukukhuthaza Ubandakanyeko Lwasekuhlaleni

Ukuvelisa amathuba okuba abemi babandakanyeke kurhulumente abangela ukuba abantu baphendule. Uqingqo-mali olunenxaxheba, apho abemi behlabelo begqiba ngokokwabiwa kwemali karhulumente, luye lwasetyenziswa ngokunempumelelo ezixekweni ezizweni jikelele. Ukuvalwa kwabantu ngeeprojekthi eziphambili, iikomiti zolawulo lwabemi, kunye nezikhalazo zinika amandla angakumbi kuluntu. Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zobugcisa, ezifana neenkqubo zeselula zokuxela ukungaphumeleli kwenkonzo okanye imigangatho ye-intanethi ukwenzela ukunxibelelana kwabantu, kunakho ukungenwa kwemiqobo ephantsi.

Ubuchule bokwenza iprojekthi ibe yeyokusebenza

Izixhobo zamanani zingakuguqula ukuphendula. I-blockchain inganyusa ukubonakala kwamatyathanga okubonelela kunye neerekhodi zikawonke-wonke. Ii-antalytic zingabona iipakethi zobuqhetseba okanye ukungasebenzi. Izixhobo zezentlalo-ntle zingakhulisa amazwi abemi kwaye zibhence inkqubela yeprojekthi kawonke-wonke evumela abemi ukuba bajonge ukusebenza ngexesha lokwenene. Noko ke, ubugcisa bodwa abunelingeneleli; bumele bupheleliswe ngokuthanda kobupolitika kunye namandla obuchule bokwenza izinto ngolwazi oluvelisweyo.

Izifundo zonobumba zokuphendula ezisebenzayo

Imizekelo yehlabathi yokwenene ibonisa indlela ezinokusetyenziswa ngayo ngokunempumelelo iimbopheleleko zomsebenzi kunye nomahluko eziwenzayo ekulawuleni iziphumo.

I-Sweden

I-Sweden ngokungaguqukiyo iphakathi koorhulumente ababona ngaphaya kweliso nabanetyala ehlabathini. Umgaqo wokufumana uluntu lonke amaxwebhu asemthethweni, owenziwe kwinkululeko yoMthetho we-Press ka-17666, uvumela abemi neentatheli ukuba bahlole iingxelo zikarhulumente. IPalamente Ombudsman iphengulula izikhalazo kubemi kwaye ingancomela ukuba bathathi-nxaxheba. I-Swedish National Pication Office ihlola onke amaqumrhu asemthethweni, ulawulo oluzimeleyo, kunye nempucuko yokuzimela inyanisombululo iphumele ekuthembekeni okuphezulu nokunganyaniseki. Ngokutsho kwe-Transparency International, iSweden ithe i-evidiation International, i-every incuaty incureaty.

I-New Zealand

INew Zealand ingumzekelo wobuchule obunamandla bokuphendula. IKhomishini yeeNkonzo zikaRhulumente imisela imilinganiselo yehambo yoluntu, kunye ne-Oofisi yoMphicothi-zincwadi-Jikelele wonke amasebe kawonke-wonke. I-Ombudsman ihlola izikhalazo ngokuchasene namaqumrhu karhulumente. Kwakhona le migaqo iye yaqalisa ukusebenzisa uqingqo-mali olunxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwemali kwiziphumo zentlalo, ifuna amaqumrhu ukuba anikele ingxelo ngokusebenza ngaphandle kwemiqathango yemali. Ingqibelelo neNkquluko yeSebe leNkonzo karhulumente kunye neNkqulo kwiKhomishini karhulumente yoLuntu yezo. La manyathelo aye anceda iNew Zealand ukuba igcine enye yeecandelo elithembekileyo nelinempumelelo ehlabathini.

Ummi waseMzantsi Korea

Uhambo lwe-Online Procedures Ingqinisekiso yetyala loMzantsi Korea lubonisa indlela utshintsho olunokuqhutywa ngayo ngamanqam. Emva kwengxaki yemali ye-Asia kunye nehlazo lokunganyaniseki elalandelayo, urhulumente wasungula amanyathelo okubonisa imbonakalo ebanzi. Ukuqaliswa kwe-Online Procedures Invection for Becustomments Applications (OPEN) ngo-1999 kwavumela abemi ukuba bafumane imvume kunye nezicelo zephepha-mvume, banciphise amathuba okunyoba. IKhomishini yokuLawula i-Corruption kunye namalungelo abantu yamiselwa njengequmrhu elizimeleyo. Kamva, ukumiswa kwe-Scrogit Solitivection and Graft Act (Umthetho wesitsha) ngo-1993) i-2016 imigaqo yemithetho yemithetho. Ezi ziphucullenze yanciphisa kakhulu urightasethis kwaye yathemba urhulumente.

Isiphelo

Ukuphendula kwimisebenzi karhulumente asiyonto yobunewunewu; yimfuno yokusebenza kolawulo-melo kunye nokulawula okunempumelelo. Kuyayakha intembelo, kuthintela ukunganyaniseki, kuphucula ukusebenza, kwaye kukhuthaza ukubonakala. Ukuphendula okunentsingiselo kufuna indlela ebanzi equka izakhiwo ezisemthethweni, amaqumrhu azimeleyo, ukuthatha inxaxheba, kunye nokuchaza iziphumo ezicacileyo. Ngoxa imingeni efana nokungenelela kwezopolitiko, amaziko abuthathaka, nokungakhathali kwabantu, iyaqhubeka, zingayekwa ngomgudu oqhubekayo notshintsho. Ngokufunda kwiizifundo eziphumelelayo zemeko nangolwamdla osemthethweni, oorhulumente bangenza iinkqubo zokuphendula izinto ezinceda umdla woluntu nokuphakamisa imigaqo yolawulo lwedemokhrasi.