Ukwazisa: Ilitye Lemida Yexesha Lobuongameli

UHlaziyo lwama-22 kuMgaqo-siseko waseUnited States lumela ukhuseleko olusisiseko kulawulo-melo lwaseMelika. Ngo-1951, lumisela oomongameli ababini abanyuliweyo eofisini, ukuphendula ngqo kuFranklin D. Roosevelt obekungakhe kubonwe ngaphambili ukuba ngumongameli wexesha lesine. Oku kuphembelela ukuthintela ukuxinezeleka kwamandla olawulo oluphezulu nokuqinisekisa ukutshintsha okuthe rhoqo kokhokelo, ukuqinisekisa isithethe esasingacwangciswanga semthethweni ukususela oko iGeorge Washington yahla phantsi ngokuzithandela emva kwamagama amabini. Ukuqonda iSinyulo sama-22 seSinyuso sifuna ukuvavanywa kwemvelaphi yaso, amalungiselelo aso angokoko asemthethweni, iziphumo zayo ezithe ngqo kwezobupolitika zaseMerika, kunye neengxoxo eziqhubekayo ezimalunga nokusebenza kwayo kwixesha langoku.

Ekuqukunjelweni kwayo, intengiselwano iqinisekisa ukuba umongameli ngumphathi wokwexeshana, hayi isikhundla sobomi bonke. Ibonisa inkxalabo yomseki ```Iintloko-ntle''''. Nangona umGaqo-siseko wantlandlolo engamiselanga mida, uMgaqo-siseko wama-22 uvala umngxuma ovumela umongameli odumileyo ukuba ahlale ekwisikhundla sakhe ngonaphakade. Eli nqaku linikela uhlalutyo olubanzi lwendlela yokulungisa, imvelaphi, iziphumo, kunye neempikiswano zokuqhubeka nokuqhubeka kwalo.

Imbali: Ukusuka Kwindawo Engaphambili YaseWashington Kuse Kwigama Eline LeFDR

Isithethe Sexesha Elibini

Kwinkoliso yembali yamaMelika, umlinganiselo wexesha elibini wawungumthetho ongabhalwanga, hayi imfuneko yomgaqo-siseko. UGeorge Washington wamisela umzekelo ngo1796 xa wakhetha ukungafuni igama lesithathu, echaza ngokudumileyo kwi-Aderesi yakhe yeFarewell ukuba uguquko eofisini lwalubalulekile kurhulumente we-riphabliki. Umongameli ngamnye olandelayo wanamathela kulo mgaqo ubhaliweyo, nongango-Ulysses S. Grant noTheodore Roosevelt. Uthe wacinga ukuba umgaqo wesithathu kodwa ekugqibeleni wahluleka ukuwakhusela. Isithethe sasidibekile kangangokuba amaMerika amaninzi ayecinga ukuba uyinxalenye yomGaqo-siseko ngokwawo.

Ngenkulungwane ye19 nasekuqaleni kweye-20, umlinganiselo wexesha elifutshane wanceda ekuthinteleni ukuvela kolawulo lweqokobhe. Yakhuthaza ukuzinza kwaye yaqinisekisa ukuba iingcamango ezintsha nokhokelo zinokungena kwiNdlu emhlophe rhoqo. Noko ke, umthetho ongabhalwanga wawungenagunya elisemthethweni. Umongameli ozimiseleyo, ingakumbi onenkxaso ebanzi, ngokuthethayo, wayenokwaphula imizekelo. Oku koko kwenzeka kanye ngexesha loHlobeko olukhulu neMfazwe II.

Franklin D. Roosevelt kunye nolwaphuko ngesalathisi

UFranklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) wanyulwa ngo1932, ngo1976, ngo1940, nango1944, ekhonza ukususela ngoMatshi 1933 de wafa ngoAprili 1945. Imiyalelo yakhe yokuqala emibini yalawulwa yiNew Deal, eyesithathu ngamalungiselelo emfazwe, kwaye eyesine ngamaqondo okugqibela emfazwe yehlabathi II. AmaMelika amaninzi ayenombulelo ngokhokelo lwakhe oluzinzileyo ngexesha lengxaki, kodwa amanye afumana ukungakhululeki. Unyulo lwangowe-1940, apho uFDR, lwafuna khona igama lesithathu, lwabangela impikiswano enkulu. Abaxhasi bakhe baphikisayo bathi ukuqhubekeka komdlamko ngexesha lemfazwe yehlabathi; abaphikisi bakhe balumkisa ukuba ishumi elingenasiphelo lalinokukhokelela kubuzwilanti. Unyulo, kwaye okwesine ngo19444, nangona wafa kwinyanga zakhe ezingaphantsi kwezintathu.

IBhunga leRiphabliki elixhotyiswe ngumzekelo, lashukunyiswa ngokukhawuleza emva kwemfazwe ukuba limisele umlinganiselo wexesha elibini. Isiphumo yaba nguMphetho-ma-22, ocetyiswe yiKhongqi yoNyanga-ntle, ngo1947 kwaye yavunywa yirekhodi yamazwe ngo1959. Yayisisikhaliso esingqalileyo kwi-FDR demodelity kunye nentetho ecacileyo yokuba akukho mongameli wexesha elizayo omele asebenze ngaphezu kwamagama amabini. Okuphawulekayo kukuba, ukupheliswa kwemithetho akukhange kusebenzele, ngoko uHarry S. Truman, owayesebenze kwinkoliso yeyeyonyaka wesine weFDR, wayefanele ukuqhuba amagama amabini awongezelelweyo.

Amalungiselelo Ayintloko Ohlaziyo Lwe - 22

Imida Yezihlandlo Ezibini

Ilungiselelo elisembindini lolungiso licacile: “Akukho mntu uza kunyulwa kwisikhundla sikaMongameli ngaphezu kwesibini.” Oku kusebenza kuye nabani na owakhe wanyulwa ukuba ngumongameli, nokuba usebenze kuphela ibinzana elisisiqingatha ngenxa yokulandelelana. Isehlo sikwathetha ngemeko apho isekela lomongameli okanye omnye umntu ongena ezimeleyo athathe isikhundla sobumongameli. Ukuba loo mntu ukhonza ngaphezu kweminyaka emibini yegama lomphathi elingaphelelwanga, banganyulwa kuphela kwigama elinye elongezelelekileyo. Ukuba bakhonza iminyaka emibini okanye ngaphantsi koko, bafanelekela amabinzana amabini apheleleyo abo abawasebenzisayo.

Ngokomzekelo, xa uLyndon B. Johnson wangena esikhundleni sikaJohn F. Kennedy emva kokubulawa kukaKennedy ngoNovemba 1963, uJohnson wasebenza malunga neminyaka emibini yegama likaKennedy. Ngalo ndlela wayefanele ukuqhuba imiyalelo emibini epheleleyo. Waphumelela kunyulo luka-1949 kwaye wagqiba ekubeni angaphinde asebenze kwakhona ngo1968. Ngokufanayo, xa u-Gerald Ford wangena esikhundleni sikaRichard Nixon ngo-197, uFord wakhonza malunga neminyaka emibini enesiqingatha, nto leyo eyenza ukuba abe ngu-(of Nixon's ) kuphela, emenza afanelekele ukunyulwa kwegama elinye. Eli lungiselelo lithintela ukuba umhlali olandelayo unyulwe ngaphezu konyaka omnye ukuba sele ekho kwicandelo elininzi.

Inkululeko nemithetho egqithiseleyo

UHlaziyo lwama-22 lwakhulula umongameli ongowokunyulwa ngexesha lokudityaniswa kwakhe. .Truman . Kumphako wakhe. Truman wayevunyelwe ukuba asebenze ixesha lesithathu ukuba akhethe, kodwa akazange. Ngaphezu koko, ukubuyiselwa akusebenzi kuye nabani na obenokunyulwa ukugcwalisa indawo kwindlu yabameli okanye kwiBhunga, kuphela kwisikhundla sakhe.

Ngokucacileyo, utshintsho alumthinteli lowo wayesakuba ngumongameli wexeshana elibini ukuba asebenze njengesekela lomongameli aze anyukele kumongameli ngokulandelelana. Lo mngxuma wengcamango ubizwa “ngomongameli wexeshana elibini njengemeko yeVP” uthe waphikiswana kodwa akakhange avavanywe. Inkoliso yabaphengululi bemithetho-siseko ikholelwa ukuba umoya wokulungisa unokuthintela ukupheliswa komjelo, kodwa umbhalo awuwukwaleli ngokuphandle.

Impembelelo Kwezobupolitika ZaseMerika

Ukukhuthaza Iinguqulelo Zokhokelo

Isiphumo esicacileyo soMphetho wama-22 sisokuba iqinisekisa utshintsho kumongameli rhoqo emva kweminyaka esibhozo. Olu tshintsho luthe rhoqo luzisa iimbono ezintsha kwaye luthintela nabani na ukuba alawule ummandla wezobupolitika kamashumi eminyaka. Ikwanyanzela amaqela ezobupolitika ukuba ahlakulele italente entsha kwaye akhe imibutho emide ukuze aphumelele kunyulo, kunokuba athembele kwinqobo ethandwayo engapheliyo. Oomongameli baseDwight Eisenhower ukuya kuBarack Obama baye basebenzisa amagunya amabini, alandelwa ngabalawuli bawo, bakhuthaza umgaqo wokufumana ishumi elingephi na.

Noko ke, ukulungisa kukwadala “indawo yokulwa" kwiqondo lesibini. Emva kokuphumelela ekunyulweni kwakhona, umongameli ujamelana nengcinezelo ekhawulezileyo evela kubachasi kunye namahlakani asele ewajonga njengomntu onciphileyo. Oku kungenza umongameli angakwazi ukunyanzela uphando kwiinjongo zamabhongo okanye aphendule ngokunempumelelo kwiimeko ezinzima. Abanye abaphengululi baphikisa ngelithi ukulungiselwa unyuso olufutshane kukhuthaza ukulawula ixesha elide, nto leyo eyenza oomongameli bajonge kakhulu kwilifa labo kunokuba bacinge ngokucombulula iingxaki ezinokuthi ziphumele kwiingxaki zabo ezilishumi.

Ukukhuthaza Umongameli Ukujolisa Kwixesha Elikhoyo

Imida yexesha elikhululekileyo ngokudidekileyo ingenza amatshangalathisi angenza into engakhathazekiyo ngokutshayelela unyulo kwakhona. Kwigama lawo lokuqala, oomongameli kufuneka baqhubeke besenza iphulo lesibini, kodwa emva koko, bakhululekile kuxinzelelo lonyulo. Oku kungakhokelela ekwenzeni izigqibo ezithe kratya, njengokuba kubonwa kuGeorge W. Ugqabhuko lwase-Iraq ngo- 2007 okanye umsebenzi wesigqeba esiphezulu sika-Babama ekufudukeni ngo-2015. Kwelinye icala, abagxeki bathi imilinganiselo ikhuthaza oomongameli ukuba bakhampasi benze phantsi kwendlela, besazi ukuba abazukuba abazukuba baphendukiswe ngabavoci emva kwexesha labo lokugqibela.

Utshintsho lukwachaphazela amandla onyulo phakathi kwexesha. Kwigama lesibini lomongameli, “iziphumo” ziyaphela, kwaye abathathi-nxaxheba bajolise ngakumbi kwimicimbi yasekuhlaleni kunye nokungamkelwa kobugqwesi-mvume. Oku kunokukhokelela kurhulumente olungelelene ngakumbi kodwa kwanomvalo ophezulu, njengoko oomongameli abahambayo belahlekelwa kukuxhathisa kunye neBhunga.

Ukugudisa Umhlaba Obukekayo

Imida yexesha elingumongameli iye yaba ngumqondiso ongundoqo wenkqubo yonyulo lwaseMelika. Badala imijikelo engqinelanayo yonyulo oluvulekileyo, oludla ngokuzoba ummandla omkhulu wabaphikisi abasuka kuwo omabini amaqela amakhulu. Ukuvula i-democratic kwiqela kusoloko kukhuphisana kwaye kungenazimiselo oluninzi kunokhetho olungenazikhundla. Oku kunganyusa ukuvota kunye neqela lonyulo. Umzekelo, unyulo lwangowama 2008 lwaluvulekelwe-George W. Umlinganiselo we-Bush, ukhokelela kwiSiko le Democraticism phakathi ko-Clington noBabama, kwaye ekugqibeleni unyulo jikelele oluye lwavela kwingxelo ebhaliweyo. Ngokufanayo, unyulo 2016 lwaluvulekelwelu luvule ngenxa yexesha lika-Obama, ummiselo we-Riphabliki ye-Chonalbampland.

Iingenelo Zemida

Ukukhusela Ukunikela Ingqalelo Kumandla

Eyona nzuzo iphambili yoMmiselo wama-22 ikukuba uthintela nawuphi na umntu ukuba abe nobungangamsha kangangexesha elide. Oku kuvavanywa ngokuchasene nolawulo olunamandla kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuba iofisi ihlala ingumsebenzi wokwexeshana, hayi ifashoni esisigxina. Abaseki abathi bethe ukungazithemba ngokunzulu amandla akhethekileyo, kwaye ukutshintsha kuvumelana nezo ntanda-bulumko. Ngokulinganisela nabani na, ukupheliswa kobungangamsha kunciphisa ubungozi bokuba umongameli angasebenzisa ubuncwane borhulumente ukuze aqhubele phambili, alawule unyulo, okanye asongele abachasi. Kwihlabathi apho ulawulo-mthetho oluninzi luye lwabona iinkokeli zityhafaknanisa imilinganiselo yedemokhrasi kunezibakala, inkqubo ye-U.

Ukukhuthaza Ukuzinza Kwezobupolitika Neengcamango Ezintsha

Ukhokelo oluthe rhoqo lutshintsha ngamandla amatsha kunye neengcamango kwisebe eliphetheyo. Akukho ngcamango okanye ubuntu bunye bungalawula ixesha elide, obunceda ilizwe lilungelelanise iimeko ezitshintshayo. Ukufuduswa koxolo kwegunya emva kweminyaka esibhozo kuphawu lokukhula kwedemokhrasi. Ngaphezu koko, imida ikhuthaza impucuko yezopolitiko enamandla, apho amaqela kufuneka asoloko ehlaziya amaqonga kunye nee-roster zawo. Oku kunganciphisa ukutshintsha komphambili okuthi ngamanye amaxesha kuthwaxa iinkqubo ngaphandle kwemida, njengalawo aseRashiya okanye eVenezuela.

Ukukhuthaza Ulawulo Olunempumelelo Kwifestile Elinganiselweyo

Ukwazi ukuba ixesha lilinganiselwe, oomongameli badla ngokujolisa ekufumaneni iziphumo zekonkrithi kunokubandakanyeka kwiphulo elingapheliyo. Ientsuku zokuqala zegama lokuqala zinamandla adumileyo, kodwa umongameli wexesha lesibini angafuna utshintsho olubalulekileyo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kolunye unyulo. Umzekelo, uRonald Reagan wasebenzisa ibinzana lakhe lesibini ukuqulunqa izivumelwano zokulawula izixhobo neSoviet Union, inyathelo eliphezulu elisenokuba alikwaziyo kwezobupolitika ngexesha lephulo lonyulo kwakhona. Imida yexesha ingakhuthaza ingqiqo yongxamiselo olukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo.

Ukugxekwa Neempikiswano

Ukumisela Imiqathango Kukhetho Lwezorhwebo

Enye yezingxinaniso eziqhelekileyo zoMgaqo-siseko wama-22 weSinyuko yile yokuba imisela ummiselo wedemokhrasi wabantu. Ukuba uninzi lwamaMelika lufuna ukuphinda lukhethe umongameli owaziwayo ngokwesiqendu sesithathu, ukupheliswa kwemithetho. Abagxeki baphikisa ngelithi ivoti-/hayi umGaqo-siseko ``imele igqibe ixesha elide elisebenzayo kumongameli. Le ngxoxo ifumene ulwamkelo lwedemokhrasi ngexesha lolawulo lwedemokhrasi oluphezulu kumaxesha aphambili abefundisi ababini abafana noRonalgion Clinton noBill Clinton, kwana nangexesha lokukhusela irejini yomthetho-oninzi. Noko ke, abaxhasi bamatyala baphendula ngokuthi imigaqo esesikweni iyimfuneko ukukhusela iminqweno ethandwayo ka-demokhrasi. Ukuqinisela ityala elinye lomthetho-odomant, i-onke.

Ukuphulukana Nokhokelo Olunamava

Okunye ukugxekwa kukuthi imilinganiselo yegama inyanzelisa iinkokeli ezinamava ngokuchanekileyo xa ubuchule bazo buxabiseke kakhulu. Umongameli osebenze iminyaka esibhozo unolwazi olunzulu ngemisebenzi karhulumente, inkqubo yamanye amazwe, kunye nolawulo lweengxaki. Umongameli wexesha lesibini usoloko ephumelela kakhulu kwisigaba sehlabathi lonke, ekwakheni ulwalamano nenkokeli zangaphandle. Imida yenza uwiso olunyanzelekileyo olunokuthi lunyanzele ilizwe elo khono, ingakumbi ngexesha lengxaki enwenwela ngaphaya komnye umongameli. Umzekelo, abagxeki baphawule ukuba ngexesha lemfazwe yeNombolo, uAbraham Lincoln usenokuba ube nomda wesikhundla somsebenzi welinye ikhulu lewaka lewaka elina, nangona ulawulo lwakhe lwalungagxeki ukulondolo i-Union.

Igamfe Iphulwe

Njengoko kuphawulwe ngaphambili, imida yexesha lokunqunyulwa kwemida yenza ixesha lokunqunyulwa kwegama lesibini, apho umongameli enokuba nohlomelo oluncinane lokuphulaphula uluvo lukawonke-wonke okanye alawule ngokunempumelelo. Oku kungakhokelela kwizigqibo eziyingozi okanye ukungakhathali. Ngaphezu koko, imida yexesha elifutshane inciphisa ukuphendula: umongameli wexesha lesibini akanakohlwaywa kwibhokisi yezenzo ezingathandwayo, esusa uvavanyo lwedemokhrasi. Abanye abaphengululi baphikisa ukuba ukupheliswa kwendlela yolawulo lwempatho enyathelekayo kwiminyaka yokugqibela, njengomongameli ongenalo khetho lwexesha elizayo ungenza izenzo ezinokuba zinokuphetshwa ukuba bajongene mvume yokuqulungela kwakhona. Oku kwakuyinkxabisiswa ngexesha lesibini lika-W. Bush (g. g., ukuqukulwa kwemfazwe ye-Iraq) kunye ne-Ockmackma (g, i-modyststyrac) kunye ne-moupportast.

Imbono Ethelekisayo: Imida Yamagama Ehlabathi

I-United States ayiyodwa ekwimida ebekwe ngamagama kwintloko yephondo layo, kodwa indlela yayo ingqongqo kakhulu. Ulawulo-melo oluninzi, olunjengeFransi, Brazil, Argentina, kunye noMzantsi Korea, lukwanemida emibini yexesha, nangona iinkcazelo zalo zegama zingahluka. Ngokomzekelo, iMexico, inomda ongqongqo wexesha elinye kumongameli wayo, ``no-refreat' wonke umthetho ovela kwimbali yayo yenguquko. Amazwe amaninzi akanayo imida esesikweni, kuquka umanyano loburhulumente wase-United Kingdom, eJamani, nase Canada (apho intloko yelizwe iyikumkani, kodwa umphathiswa omkhulu ulinganiselwe yintembelo yepalamente).

Mhlawumbi eyona nto ifanelekileyo kukuthelekisa amazwe asuse imida yexesha okanye angayinakanga, ngokufuthi eneziphumo ezibi zedemokhrasi. Umgaqo-siseko waseRashiya watshintshwa ngo-2020 ukuze uvumele Vladimir Putin aphinde asebenze emva kokuba enikwe igama elinomda, emenze akwazi ukuhlala esemandleni ngokungenasiphelo. Ngokufanayo, iHugo Chávez neXi Jining yase-China iphumele okanye i-okanye i-odayokunga, i-odomalthi i-adentiracy. Le mizekelo igxininisa ukubaluleka koMphetho-Gajini wama-22 njengenqaba edemokhrasi. Ngexesha i-U.S. i-andrendrent isenokungafezeki, ithintele nawuphi nabani nabanina ekwimisebenzini engaphezu kwemibini ukususela ekuyilweni kwayo, ukugcinwa koongongongo.

IziHlaziyo Neenguqu Ezicetyiweyo

Izimemo Zokurhoxiswa okanye Ukulungiswa

Ukutyhubela iminyaka, abezobupolitika nabaphengululi abaninzi baye bacebisa ukuba kuphinde kulungiswe okanye kucetyiswe uMphetho wama-22. IiRiphabliki ziye zacebisa ukuba i-Republican iphinde isetyenziswe ngezihlandlo ezithile (umz., emva kokulahleka kukaDonald Trump ngowama-2020, ezinye zinyuke kwisiqingatha sexesha lesithathu lexesha), kwaye iDemocrats iye yenza okufanayo (umz., ngexesha lesibini lexesha lempum). Inkoliso yezi zicelo ayizange ihambe, njengoko inkxaso kawonke-wonke kunye neenguqu zomgaqo-siseko zifuna ukuba abantu abaninzi ababini kwizindlu zombini ezingqungquthela kunye nolwano lwemiqathango-o-o-o-o-omatila-o-matraths.

Ezinye izindululo zotshintsho azifuni kulungiswa ngokupheleleyo kodwa zifuna utshintsho. Enye ingcamango kukwandisa umda kwigama elinye leminyaka emithandathu, ukususa ukuphazamiseka kwamaphulo okhetho olutsha ngexa usaqinisekisa ujikelezo. Enye kukuvumela umongameli akhonze amagama amabini angadibaniyo, njengo Grover Cleveland wenza phambi kokuba kulungiswe (wanyulwa ngo-1884 nango1892). Oku kunganika ukhuthuzo olungakumbi ngexa kuthintelwa ukungagqibeki kweshumi elina. Ngoko, naluphi utshintsho lungaphinda luvule ingxoxo yomGropul-siseko kwaye lungakhokelela kwiziphumo ezingacwangciswanga.

Ucelomngeni Olusebenzisekayo Lotshintsho

Ukubuyiselwa okanye ukuguqula uHlaziyo lwama-22 kujongene nemiqobo emikhulu. Utshintsho lusekelwe ngokunzulu kwizithethe zezobupolitika. Nokuba umongameli ohleliyo ufuna igama lesithathu, ixabiso lezobupolitika lokukhuthaza i-Repetal liza kuba likhulu, njengoko bekuya kubonwa njengesixhobo sokulawula. Ngaphezu koko, abaxhasi boMgaqo-siseko wamaMelika baquka abaxhasi abaqhelekileyo abaxhalabele igunya lempatho ephezulu nabanesisa abakhumbula iFDR. Le mvume ye-bistatan yenza ukuba ingabi nokwenzeka ukuba ukupheliswa kwetyala kuzakutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza. Kuba ngoku, isigaba sesibini somgaqo-mva-mgamgamgathetho sihlala singuphawu ozinziweyo wobomi bomGciso-siseko waseMerika, nangona ingxoxo ngemfundo yabo kunye nezopolitiko iqhubeka kwizifundo nangezopolitiko.

Isiphelo: Ukubaluleka Okuhlala Kukho KoMthetho Ohlaziyiweyo We - 22

Uhlaziyo lwama-22 lungaphezulu komthetho osekelwe kwimithetho; luthetha ngobume bolawulo lwedemokhrasi. Ngokumisela ulawulo lomongameli, lunyanzelisa umgaqo wokuba akukho mntu ubalulekileyo kwaye igunya kufuneka lisasazwe. Utshintsho luye lwabumba wonke umongameli ukususela ngo1951, ukuphembelela ucwangciso lwezaphulo, imimiselo, kunye neempembelelo zobomi bezobupolitika baseMelika. Impembelelo yayo iye yaba yeyakhayo, iqinisekisa iinguqu ezithe rhoqo, ithintela ukunyanzeleka kolawulo lwamandla, kwaye ikhuthaza ukuphumelela kweRiphabliki ekumelaneni nezilingo zolawulo-olawulo-atho.

Kodwa ulungiso alusosi ngaphaya kokugxekwa. Luthintela ukhetho lomvoti, ludala amaxesha okukhubazeka, lunganyanzelisa iinkokeli ezinamava. Urhwebo oluphakathi kokuthintela ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwegunya kunye nokuhlonela uthambeko lwedemokhrasi lunemvelaphi yayo yonke imida yomgaqo-siseko. UMphengululo wama-22 ufumana ulungelelwaniso oluye lwanceda i-United States iminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe, kodwa alugqibekanga. Njengokuba ulawulo lwezopolitiko luguquka, kunganjalo, ngokufanayo impikiswano engaphaya kotshintsho okanye isiqu sayo. Noko ke, umlinganiselo wexesha eli-de lingu-2 uxhomekeke kumthetho womthetho we-Melika, owaqonda ukuba kwanenkokeli abadumileyo ekugqibeleni kufuneka baphambukele inkqubo.

Ukuze ufunde ngokubhekele phaya, jonga ugcino-lwazi lobuzwe olupheleleyo loMphetho-mda wama-22 , iZiko loMgaqo-siseko wesizwe [, okanye [[FLT] Ingxelo yeQumrhu loMgaqo-siseko weNtshona Koloni kwimbali yemithetho. Ezi nkxaso zinika nawuphi na umphengululi okanye ummi ofuna ukuqonda indima yedemokhrasi eMelika.