Uluvo lukawonke wonke lumi njengenye yeentsika ezisisiseko zolawulo-demokhrasi. Lumela ilizwi elidibeneyo labemi, elinika ulwalathiso kunye nokufaneleka kwizigqibo zezobupolitika. Kwidemokhrasi esempilweni, ukuqukuqela kwempembelelo phakathi koko abantu bakucingayo noko kwenziwa ngoorhulumente kuyaqhubeka kwaye kunamandla. Ngoxa le ngcamango ibonakala icacile ```iphonsa abantu into abayifunayo kwaye ilandela into ekhokelwa yiyo. Imbono yoluntu ayiyo edityanisiweyo, amandla ombane; inzima, ithetha ngokubaluleka, ithetha ngeekhalo, imilinganiselo ecacileyo, imilinganiselo, imilinganiselo, kunye nezinto ezithandwayo ezinokutshintsha iziganeko, imiyalezo, amava, namava. Ukuqonda indalo, umlinganiselo, kunye nempembelelo yayo.

Ukuchaza Uluvo Lwabantu Bonke

Umba ophambili, uluvo lukawonke-wonke lubhekisela ekuququzelweni kweembono okanye iinkolelo zabantu kwimicimbi yoluntu. Noko ke, le nkcazelo ilula ifihla izigqubuthelo ezityebileyo neziphikiswayo. Abaphengululi bayahlula phakathi kweendidi ezahlukeneyo zoluvo lukawonke-wonke: ezinye iimbono zigcinwe kwaye ziqinile, ngoxa ezinye zithe zaguquka lula. Kukwakho umahluko phakathi [[[FLT: 0]] uluvo olucacileyo phakathi [[] [iiimbono]] [iimbono]] ebanzi [izinto ezingekaveli ngokupheleleyo okanye ezingachazwangazo ezithi zichazwe ngokupheleleyo, [ nolukhulu] uluvo oluthe ngqo [[FLT], oluchaziwe ngokucacileyo kwiimeko zoburhulumente okanye iintetho zikawonke. Uluvo lwasekuhlaleni olubandakanya nje nolwanothulelo oluqhelekileyo, oluqhelekileyo, olulungele ukusetyenziswa kwezo lwezo lwezo lwezo lwezo lwezo lwezo lwezo zezobupolitika, oluqhelekileyo, olusetyenziswayokuveza ubulumko, oluqhelekileyo, oluqhelekileyo

Isiseko Sengcamango Engokwembali

Ingcamango yokuba abemi abaqhelekileyo kufuneka bathethe ngendlela abalawulwa ngayo eUnited States ngexesha loKhanyiso. Abacingisisi abafana noJohn Locke noJean-Jacques Rousseau baphikisa ngelithi urhulumente osemthethweni uxhomekeke ekuvumeni kweempumezo zolawulo. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, abajongi bezobupolitika abafana noAlexis de Tocqueville baphawule amandla akhulayo oluntu eUnited States, ukuchaza njengegunya elichuliweyo elichuliweyo kodwa eligqugqithileyo elinokuyila imithetho nezithethe zentlalo. Ukuveliswa koluvo lwenzululwazi kwii-1930 kuquluplup kuqulu , kunye nabanye abaguquli bembono kawonke esusela ekuqondeni okungaqondakaliyo kwi-quantable. Ngokunjalo, ukunyulwa koluvo oluninzi lwembali lungaqondakaliyo.

Imisebenzi Yoluvo Lwabantu Bonke kwiDemokhrasi

Izigqibo Ezinyanzelayo

Amagosa aqatshelweyo, ngokuyila, alindeleke ukuba aphendule kwiingxaki zawo. Xa uluvo lukawonke-wonke luxhasa ngamandla inyathelo elithile lokusebenza. Ngokufana nokusetyenziswa kwemali yokukhusela impilo-ntle okanye ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokuzikhusela ngezantsi ngokuqhelekileyo aziva enyanzelekile ukuba athathe inxaxheba. Izifundo zenzululwazi yezopolitiko zisoloko zifumana ungqubano phakathi koluvo lukawonke-wonke kunye neziphumo zenkqubo, ingakumbi kwimibandela ephezulu. Umzekelo, ukuxhasa uluntu ngokubanzile kwe-yo i-atractic medias kumgangatho wezonyango wezonyango eNtshona Koloni kunikela ingxube ephawulekayo kwienguqu ezisemthethweni. Ngokufanayo, ukutshintsha kwesimo somfashoni somfanziso somfazwelo kuninzi. Amazwe amaninzi. Noko ke, unxulumano aluzenzeki ngokuzenzekelayo; amagosa-ofisi abakhethayo, iinkolelo zobuqu, iinkolelo zobuqu, okanye izihambo zasekuhlaleni.

Iziphumo Ezifihlwayo

Unyulo luyinkqubo ecacileyo apho uluvo lukawonke-wonke luguqulela kwigunya lezobupolitika. Ngaphezu koko, uluvo lukawonke-wonke lwemijikelezo yephulo lungaguqula iinguqu zabo, amaqonga, kunye neenkqubo zephulo ezisekelwe koko kuhlola nakweziphi iziganeko ezibonisa ukuba ngabavoti baphambili. Umntu othe watyeshela imvakalelo yoluntu enamandla kwimbambano. "njengexhala lezoqoqosho okanye ukufuduka" qho i-imali kwibhokisi ye-bolotte. Ngaphezu koko, uluvo lukawonke-wonke ngexesha lephulo-mkhosi lungaguqula kakhulu ekuphenduleni kwingxoxo, iintloni, okanye iziganeko ezinkulu, ukwenza unyulo lokwenene lwexesha elibalulekileyo loomatilo-mayela. U. U. Unyulo lomongameli we-U.S. ngokomzekelo, ubona uluvo olukhulu kuqwalalo olunxulumene ne-CHOD-19. Ngokuthe jikelele, izenzo zoluvo lukawonke, njengezenzo zomvolo lweqela le-operator, inguquluvo, inguquluvo, ezilawula nezo ezilawulayokubalwayo

Ukuphendula

Uluvo lukawonke wonke lusebenza njengovavanyo kumandla karhulumente. Xa iinkokeli ziphambuka koko kufunwa nguwonke-wonke, zibeka engozini yokungavunyelwa kwasemthethweni yaye, ekugqibeleni, zibeka iliso elibini, kungekuphela nje ngosuku lonyulo kodwa kwakhona ngalo lonke ixesha lenkokeli, ngereyithingi evunywayo, ngokuqhankqalaza, nangokujongwa kwamajelo eendaba. Iirejistamente eziphezulu zokungathomalali ziyakwazi ukukhuthaza amaqela achaseneyo, ukuxhobisa imingeni yokhokelo, okanye ukungxamiseka inkqubo yokutshintsha. Kwimithetho yepalamente, ukuhla koluvo lukawonke lungaqiniseki. Ngoko, imbono yaseMelika i-precityha, umzekelo, iye yabunjwa yimiqatha yentengiso nokurhoxina kwemvume kawonke, kunye nokuxhaswa ngamandla kwabantu ngokubanziswano koluntu, ngoxa abo bathelelaneend ’ ukurhoxakeka.

Ukuphembelela Iinguqulelo Ezakhayo Kwezentlalo Nezopolitiko

Ngaphandle konyulo kunye nomthetho, uluvo lukawonke wonke lubangela ukuba kubekho imibutho ebanzi yentlalo. Xa uqulunqi egxekayo yabemi iqala ukujonga umba njengongenabulungisa okanye ongxamisekileyo, isenzo sombutho wesininzi singavela ukuze kufuneke utshintsho. Umbutho wamalungelo abantu, ukusetyenziswa kwamabhinqa, ukupheliswa kwemekobume, ukuchaswa kwemekobume, kunye nokuchaswa kwakutshanje kokusesikweni kobuhlanga konke konke kwafumana amandla okungatshintshi kwiimbono zikawonke wonke. Oku kubonisa indlela uluvo lwasekuhlaleni olubonisa ngayo uluvo olusemthethweni olusuka phambili.

Izinto Eziphembelela Iimbono Zabantu

Okusingqongileyo kolwazi lwezixhobo ze-media nezolwazi

Ijelo leendaba lihlala lingenye yezona mpembelelo zinamandla kuluvo lukawonke-wonke. Ngemimiselo yemiba, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, nokukhutshwa ngokufihlakeleyo, amajelo eendaba anokunyusa imibandela ethile aze ajike indlela abantu abayiqonda ngayo. Ngokomzekelo, ukugutyungelwa kolwaphulo-mthetho kungenza uluntu lungazalisa ulwando lwalo, ngoxa ukunikelwa kwengxelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu kungayicingi inkxalabo. Kunyaka wezobugcisa, amaqonga enkcubeko-mathetho akhuthaza le mpembelelo, ivumela iintsholongwane ukuba zisasaze ngokukhawuleza/* kodwa zikwakhe iigumbi apho abasebenzisi badibana khona kuphela neembono ezithi qhamisayo. Imithetho-algalmslms ezithis ezifaka ulwano olunento lungaphazamisa izinto eziphambili kwaye lungahlasele zibangela abantu abaphulaphuli-maphephandaba, amaphephandaba namajelo mabonwakude, ingakumbi amadala.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwezobupolitika

Intsapho, imfundo, kunye noontanga bangabathunywa abaphambili bentlalo-ntle yezobupolitika. Abantwana badla ngokufumana ilifa utyekelo lokonakalisa kunye nemilinganiselo esisiseko kubazali babo, nangona ezi zinokuguquka ngokuchanabeka kwiimbono ezahlukeneyo esikolweni okanye ngamava obomi. Umgangatho wemfundo unxibelelana nesimo esithile sengqondo. /_Imfundo ephezulu idla ngokunxulumaniswa neembono eziphangaleleyo zentlalo kunye nokunyanzelisana kwezobupolitika. Impembelelo yoontanga, ingakumbi xa beselula, iyakwazi ukuguqula iimbono kwimibandela efana nohlanga, iindima zobufana, kunye nemigaqo yezoqoqosho. Ngaphezu koko, imilinganiselo yoluntu nezithethe zasekuhlaleni idala umahluko phakathi kwemimandla yabemi basedolophandle nasemaphandleni.

Iziganeko Nezinto Eziphawulekayo

Iziganeko ezinkulu . "Iimeko ezinkulu zezoqoqosho], uhlaselo lwabanqolobi, iintlekele zemvelo, iindyikitya zokuhlasela kwabantu ngokukhawuleza. Uhlaselo lwe-9/11, lubangele ukunyuka kolawulo lokhuseleko nokuxhasa amanyathelo okhuseleko awathi kamva aphela. Ingxaki yezoqoqosho yowama-2008 yakhokelela ekungathembani amabhanki nakulawulo. Kutshanje, ubhubhani we-COVID-19 watshintsha iimbono zikawonke wonke kwi-memo yempilo, ukungenelela kukarhulumente, ukungenelela kwegunya lezenzululwazi. Amava obuqu, njengokuphulukana nomsebenzi, ukuba ilungu lentsapho ligula, okanye lisebenzisa iinkonzo zikarhulumente, kwakhona lazisa uluvo lomntu ngamnye. Oku kudla ngoku kuzisa ubunzima obuninzi kunolwazi olungaqondakaliyo, lwezi zisenza abaqhubi bendlela yokusebenza komsebenzi kawonke, ukungenelela kwegunya likarhulumente, ukungenelela kwabo kwigunya likarhulumente.

Imilinganiso Yomzobo

Ubudala, ubufanasini, ubuhlanga, ubuzwe, imeko yentlalo, kunye nonqulo zonke ezinxulumene neembono ezahlukileyo. Umzekelo, izizukulwana ezitsha zityekele ekuqhubekeni kwimicimbi yentlalo nenkxalabo yemozulu, ngoxa abavoti abadala bedla ngokubeka iinkalo ezizinzileyo zezoqoqosho kunye nemigangatho yesithethe. Umsantsa wesini esitsha ekuvoteleni uye wabonwa kumazwe amaninzi olawulo lwedemokhrasi, nakumabhinqa atyekele kumaqela asekhohlo aphakathi kwiminyaka engamashumi akutshanje. Uhlanga noluntu oluncinane lusoloko luneembono ezahlukeneyo kwimicimbi yezentlalo, ukufuduka, kunye nocalucalulo oluthelwe kubemi abaninzi. Ezi zi-cleagegea azibalwayo azitshintshi njengentlalo, zenza kube yimfuneko ekuphuculweni kweenkqubo zokuhlahlela kunye nabepolitiko ukuze bahlule ulwazi lwezimfazwe ngokubanziswe njengelungu labantu abakhoyo.

Ukulinganisa Uluvo Loluntu: Iindlela Neengxaki

Ukonakalisa Kwenzululwazi

Uphando lwangoku luxhomekeke kwimizekelo engakhethiyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iqela elincinane labaphenduli lingamela inani elikhulu labemi. Ukuphononongwa kocingo, iipali ze-intanethi, kunye nohlolo lweposi nganye efika norhwebo. Amaqondo empendulo ahlile, akhokelela abavoteli kugcino-lwazi lobunzima kunye nokulungelelaniswa kobunzima obungeyomposiso. Umda wempazamo, odla ngokuxelwa ecaleni kweziphumo, ubonisa umgama apho ixabiso lokwenyaniso labemi libonakala lihla khona. Uphando olupheleleyo lungaxela iziphumo zonyulo kunye notyelelo lwemi ngoluvo oluchukuchanekileyo, njengoko kukhangelwa kwimi yesizwe efana nolweziko lwePew Prew uphando neGallup.

Amaqela Okuqwalasela Neendlela Zokuvelisa

Xa uphando lunika ububanzi, amaqela agxininisa anikela ubunzulu. Amaqela amancinane abantu aqhutywa ngengxubusho ephakathi ngomxholo, echaza kungekuphela nje oko abantu bakucingayo kodwa isizathu sokuba bakucinge. Ezi ngqiqo zomcimbi zinceda abezobupolitika nabarhwebi baqonde iimvakalelo neengxelo ezisemva kweembono. Amaqela ajolisekileyo aluncedo ngokukhethekileyo ekuvavanyeni ulwimi, ukuphosa, nokuthumela imiyalezo phambi kwephulo elikhulu. Noko ke, angomeli ngokwemibango kwaye amele asetyenziswe ecaleni kogcino-lwazi lwe-quantitimetive.

Izixhobo zokudambisa iintlungu zoosomashishini kunye namanani

Udubulo lweqonga lamanani luvelise iindlela ezintsha zokuvavanya uluvo lukawonke-wonke ngexesha lokwenene. Uhlalutyo lweziphene, amagqabaza, kunye neenxaxheba lungabonisa intshukumo ezikhawulezileyo kwiziganeko. Noko ke, abasebenzisi bezixhobo zonxibelelwano azibameli abantu ngokubanzi, badla ngokuba ngabantwana, basebenza kakhulu kwezobupolitika, kwaye bayakwazi ukutshintsha. Ngaphezu koko, amaphulo aququzelelwayo adityanisiweyo anokufaka uluvo olucacileyo okanye olugqwethekileyo.

Ucelomngeni Lokufikelela Imilinganiselo

Ngaphandle kwenkqubela-phambili yendlela yokusebenzisa, ukulinganisa uluvo lukawonke-wonke luhlala luneengxaki. [[FLT:] lungabangela ucalucalulo [[FLT: 1]] xa amaqela athile ephicothwa okanye egqithisiwe, enika iziphumo ezahlukeneyo. [[[FLT:]]] uluvo [[FLT:]] olubalulekileyo] lukhokelela iimpendulo ezithi zinikezelwe ngokwentlalo, kodwa lungakhokelele kwiimvakalelo zokwenyaniso, ngakumbi kwimiba efana noluvo oluchumileyo. [FT] [FLT:] [5] ukuthamba] ukuthatha irhafuthelo [[FLTLD:5] kukhokelela ekupheliseni iimpendulo ezithenjiweyo, kunokuthiwa kwazo, ingakumbi kwimicimbi efana noluvo oluqhelekileyo. [FT] ekugqibeleni kweveki:[5] kunokuthi kusetyenziswe iveki enye elandelene, ukuzama ukuzama ukutshintsha kolwazi olude olubanzi lwengqiqo, oluthe .

Impembelelo Yengcamango Kawonke - wonke Ekuphunyezweni Kwemigaqo - siseko

Abenzi benkqubo basoloko bekhankanya uluvo lukawonke-wonke njengesizathu esingundoqo sokungenisa okanye ukuthintela umthetho. Kwizininzi iidemokrasi, ubuchule bokumelo buyilelwe ukudibanisa umsebenzi karhulumente nezinto ezikhethwa ngabami. Noko ke, uphando lubonisa ukuba amandla okulungelelanisa ayahluka. Kwimibandela etsala ingqalelo esasazekileyo yokusetyenziswa kolu lawulo lwemipu . Ngokufana nokusetyenziswa kwemipu emva kokudubula okanye amalungelo okukhupha isisu emva komthetho wenkundla.

Uluvo lukawonke wonke lukwachaphazela inkqubo ngokusetyenziswa komthetho kunye namanyathelo, apho abemi balapho bavota ngqo kwimithetho ethile ekhethekileyo. Inkqubo yedemokhrasi ethe ngqo yaseSwitzerland isoloko ibeka imicimbi kwivoti kawonke-wonke, iqinisekisa ulungelelwaniso olusondeleyo phakathi komgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokuthanda okuthandwayo. Kumazwe ase-U.S., amanyathelo okubala angokwasemthethweni, ukwanda kwemivuzo, kunye nonyango lwezempilo olusoloko lugqithiselwa phezu kwayo nje into engenziwa, ibonisa indlela uluvo lukawonke-wonke olunokuyidlula ngayo imibutho yabameli. Ngaphezu koko, ukuva nokugqabaza uluntu ngamaxesha okunika abemi boluntu imigaqo ecetyo, ukunika umjelo othe ngqo wokubonisa imbono.

Iingxaki Kwindima Yembono Yabantu

Ukungazi Nokungakwazi Ukuzibamba

Ingcamango yedemokhrasi idla ngokuthatha isithi abemi baluqhelaniso kwaye banezimvo ezidityanisiweyo. Enyanisweni, abavoti abaninzi banolwazi olulinganiselweyo malunga neenkcukacha zenkqubo kwaye banokuba neembono eziphikisanayo okanye ezingaguquguqukiyo. Ukususela ngoo1960, izazinzulu zezobupolitika ziye zabhala la maxwebhu “angaphandle kobunyani,” apho abantu baphendula imibuzo yophando ngaphandle koluvo lokwenene. Iimbono ezinjalo ezingayanga ngqo zingaphenjelelwa yimibuzo edidelekayo okanye iziganeko zakutshanje, ezibenza baqhubele phambili ngendlela engekho ngqiqwelekweni. Oku kuphakamisa umbuzo: iinkokeli kufuneka zilandele uluvo lukawonke wonke umntu xa zisekelwe kwinkcazelo ephosakeleyo okanye kwimbono ekhawulezayo?

Ukukhohlisa kunye neengcamango ezixokayo

Uluvo lukawonke-wonke aluyilwanga kwintsingiselo. Iinginginya zezobupolitika, abanini-ndaba, kunye namaqela anomdla asebenza ngenkuthalo ukububumba ngezibhengezo, ukujikeleza, nokuyila. Ukwanda kwemithetho-manani yezentlalo-ntle ye-mediathemistal kubangele ukuba amaphulo okungachaphazeli okugqwetha iimbono zikawonke wonke. Oorhulumente abaquququzeleli-omeli baziwa ukuba bakhuphe iingca zenkohliso (“ukuqhatha”) okanye bacinezele ukungavumelani ukwenza inkohliso. Kwi-democrafication, oku kungenza ukuthomalalisa ubunyani boluvo babantu njengentetho yokwenyaniso yokuthanda okuthandwa. Abahlaziweyo kufuneka balumke ngemithombo yolwazi kunye neentshukumisa ezisemva kwemiyalezo eyeyiselayo.

IPopulism kunye nokwenziwa kwento

Intshukumo yepopulist idla ngokuthi imela “uninzi oluthuleyo” ngokuchasene noluvo lwamaqela aphezulu. Ngeli xesha igxininisa uluvo lukawonke-wonke, ipopulgis ingenza iimbono eziphikisanayo zitshatyalaliswe kwaye ingqubane nemilinganiselo yedemokhrasi. Ukungalinganiswa kwemimandla kuthetha ukuba uluvo lukawonke-wonke luba luninzi, oluneemeko ezisekelwe kwiqela lochazo kunokuba zicelwe iinkalo. Oku kwahlulwa kwenza kube nzima ukufumana umhlaba oqhelekileyo kwaye kukhokelele kwinkqubo ye-dropy. Kwimeko ezinjalo, abezobupolitika banokuphembelela imbono yoluntu ngokugqithisileyo, nto leyo exhasa iindawo zabo ngexa bengazihoyi, ulwalamano olubheke phambili phakathi koluvo kunye nenkqubo echaseneyo.

Isiphelo

Uluvo lukawonke-wonke aluyosalatha-mbombo egqibeleleyo yedemokhrasi, kodwa luhlala lubalulekile. Lunika ilizwi kwabalawulwa, baxhomekeke kwiinkokeli, kwaye lunika iimpahla ezingalungiswanga ukutshintsha kwentlalo. Ukuqonda ubume balo (le ndlela eyakheka ngayo, indlela enokuthi ilinganiswe ngayo, nendlela enyanisweni ephembelela ngayo urhulumente ) ugxeka nabani na onqwenela ukuba nenxaxheba kubomi bedemokhrasi. Unyango lwayo nawuphi na ulawulo-demokhrasi luxhomekeke kwingxoxo eqhubekayo phakathi kwabemi kunye nabameli babo, ingxoxo exhaswe yingxoxo esekelwe yingxoxo kawonke kunye nomlinganiselo ochanileyo yoko abantu bakucinga nokukufuna ngokwenene.

Ukuphanda okungakumbi ngengcamango kunye noqheliselo loluvo lukawonke-wonke, qwalasela ukufunda iPrew Center yoluvo lukawonke-wonke lophando , , iNgcaciso yeNkcubeko ePhakamileyo iZiphono zogcino-lwazi [[, kunye ne [[FLT]S] i-Stanford Encyclopedia yeFilosophy engenisa uluvo lukawonke-wonke[[. Ezi zinto zinika uluvo olunzulu kugcino-lwazi, imbali, kunye neengxoxo zentanda-ntanda-bulumko ezibumba ukuqonda kwethu okungundoqo amandla olawulo-demokhrasi.