Ukuqonda ulwalamano oluntsonkothileyo phakathi kweepacs ezinganxibelelaniyo nemali emnyama kukhetho lwase-U.S.

Inkqubo yezemali yaseMerika luluhlu lwemimiselo, ukukhuthuza, kunye namaqumrhu adibeneyo adla ngokufihla imithombo yokwenyaniso yenkxaso yezopolitiko. Phakathi kweemeko eziphikisanayo zingu iiKomiti zeSebe leSebe lePhondo ezidityaniswe ngePhondo (PACs) kunye namaphulo emali afihlakeleyo [[FLT]] abalulekileyo [[FLT]] amaphulo emali anzima [[FLT]]]. Ngelinye la maphulo asebenzayo phantsi kwesiseko esisemthethweni esicacileyo, ibangela umjelo onamandla wokusetyenziswa kwemimiselo, inkqubo, inkqubo kawonke kawonke. Kubafundisi, abafundi, kunye nabaxhasi bokubonakala, ukuqonda indlela ezihamba ngayo ezi mikhosi zimbi ezisebenza ngayo ekuqondeni kwezobupolitika kunye nomzabala ukulwa kwezezo zemali yezentengiso.

Eli nqaku linikela uhlolo olubanzi lwe PACs nemali emnyama, iphanda iinkcazelo zazo, indaleko esemthethweni, iindlela zokudibana, kunye neziphumo zedemokhrasi zokusetyenziswa kwazo. Sikwabalaselisa imigudu yakutshanje yotshintsho kwaye sinika ujongo oluphambili kwikamva lemali yephulo lokubonakala kwelinye icala.

Ziyintoni iipari ezingadibaniyo?

Ii-PAC ezingeyontsebenziswano ziikomiti zezobupolitika ezibhaliswe neKhomishini yoNqumo loManyano (FEC) enyusa inkcitho nokuyisebenzisa ngokwayo imali ezimeleyo nabani na umvotelwa, iqela lezobupolitika, okanye omnye umbutho onxulumeneyo. Ngokungafaniyo nesithethe i-PACs (ngokufuthi yakhiwe ngamaqumrhu, imibutho yabasebenzi, okanye amaqumrhu orhwebo kunye nezithintelo ezilinganiselweyo apho zinokucela khona i-$8) ii-PAC ezidityanisiweyo zikhululekile ukunyusa imali evela kuye nawuphi na umntu okanye iqela ngaphandle kokubotshelelwa ngumxhasi othile.

Ezi PAC zingenza inkcitho ezizimeleyo (umz., izibhengezo ezixhasa okanye eziphikisayo) kwaye zinikela ngqo kubathathi-nxaxheba, phantsi kwemida karhulumente. Ngonyaka wama-2024, i-PAC engadityaniswanga isenokunikezela kwii-$5 000 kwikomiti yonyulo kwaye ifikelela kwii-$15 000 (R1,000) ngonyaka kwikomiti yesizwe. Kodwa amandla ayo okwenyaniso ahlala ngokungenasiphelo, ngokufuthi ngako SUPCS, oluluhlobo olusezantsi lwePACs [iiindawo ezingeyo i-paC edityaniswayo enokuthi inyuse kwaye ichithe ii-mali ezingapheleliyo zinyuse ixesha elide zingenamgcimbini xa zingalungeleni nomntu oyamkelayo.

Unyuko lwe-PACs olungeyo-onxulumanisweyo lwemihla kwi-1970 kunye notshintsho lwasemva kweWatergate, kodwa amanani azo adubula emva kwesigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo yase-U.S. 2010 kwi , iCIIIN kunye ne-D.C elandelayo ilawula ngokunjalo.Speech.org v.FEC, enyusa imida yomnikelo ye-ehlomelo oluzimeleyo-equququzelelwa kuphela. Namhlanje, amawaka e-PAC engekho mntlalo-otheneyo isebenza kulo lonke ilizwe, iibhiliyo zezigidi ze-RC, ukuchithwa komjikelezo nganye.

I-PAC engadityaniswanga isoloko igxininisa kwimbambano yokungahambelani kwezentengiso, amaphulo eengcamango, okanye ixhasa isirele sabafundi abahambelana neembono zabo. Bangaba nomba omkhulu ngokufihlakeleyo `njenge PAC enikezelweyo kumalungelo emipu, isenzo sokusingqongileyo, okanye inkathalo yempilo esekelwe ngaphaya, njengabo bamela unxulumano lwezoshishino okanye iingcamango ezingqubanayo. Ngenxa yokuba abanxulunyaniswanga nabani na umtyali-nxaxheba, banokufumana ukhuthumelo oluninzi kwi-imeyili kwaye banokubandakanyeka “ucinelo ngokugqithisileyo kwivoti okanye ngokuchasene nomnyuli) okanye“ bakhuthaza ukuvotela okanye ukuvota okanye ukulwa kwe-agcosa i-cocation" (idisssss commentstions shorent).

umahluko ongundoqo: IPAC ezingedityaniswanga kufuneka zibhalise ne-FEC, iingxelo zemposiso ezithe rhoqo zolwazi ezinika ngaphezulu kwe R520, kwaye zihambelana nemida yomnikelo ekunikeni ngokungqalileyo. Oku kwenza iqondo lokubona ```Kodwa njengoko siza kubona, ukubonakala ngaphaya kokunokuncitshiswa xa ezi PC zisebenzisana nemisebenzi emnyama yemali.

Ukuqonda Iphulo Lemali Elibi

“ Imali yemfazwe” ibhekisela ekusebenziseni kwezobupolitika kwiintlangano ezingafunwa ngumthetho ukutyhila abanikeli bazo. Eli gama lisebenza kakhulu ekuchitheni 501(c)(4) imibutho yoluntu , [[25]] [6] [6] iimanyano zorhwebo [, kunye [[FLT] 501] [3])) [[FLT] [nakanye iinkonzo zobugqwebe-oksi] (nazomqobo zijongene imida engqongqo kwimisebenzi yezobupolitika). La maqum maqela anokubandakanye nenkceleleko yezorhwebo, i-voctration, kunye neenkciox, njengoko kusenziwa ixesha elide njengenjongo yawo engundoqo.

Umahluko ongundoqo wasemthethweni nguwo 501(c)(4) kunye no 501(c)(6) azifunwanga ukuba zibeke ingxelo yamagosa azo ekuhleni phantsi kwemithetho yenkonzo yeNtloko yeNguqu (IRS), kwaye zikhululeke kakhulu kwiimfuno ze-FECPURS zohlobo oluthile lwenkcitho. Oku kuvumela abantu ngabanye, iinkampani, kunye namaqumrhu ukutsalela imali ngezi ziqumrhu ngaphandle kokutyhilwa koluntu. Isiphumo sisisikhukula semali “engaqondakaliyo” kwinkqubo yezobupolitika.

Imali echithwayo emnyama iye yakhula ngokuphawulekayo ukususela kwi-Citinges United. Ngokutsho i-opensets, imali emnyama eqikelelwa malunga ne $1 bhiliyoni lezigidi kunyuso lwamazwe ngexesha lonyulo lwama 202020, kunye nama-501(c) ukuba ziimoto ezingundoqo. La maqela asoloko eqhuba izibhengezo ezikhankagama okanye ezixubusha umthetho, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ayeka ukudinyana okucacileyo “kwelwimi” (ukubizwa "ukubizwa "kuyi-"ku-iiiiiiiindawo yonyuso-20206"), ayakwazi ukuphepha ukunkcelela iimfuno ze-FECcouting.

Umzekelo ombi kukusetyenziswa kwe "amaqela emali-aphezulu” amnyama akha kunye nokuncitshiswa emva konyulo olunye, eshiya umkhondo omncinane wemithombo yawo yemali. La maqela adla ngokwabelana ngedilesi, amalungu ebhodi, kunye nabasebenzi kunye nezinye izinto ezikhoyo ezizizizizi, ukwenza ulwelo lwemibutho edityanisiweyo ekhupha impembelelo engachazwanga.

[[FLT: 0] Ibalulekile iphetshana: Asiyomali emnyama engekho mthethweni. Imithetho elawula utyhilo lwezopolitiko lusiqendu, kwaye imibutho emininzi isebenza kwimida ekhoyo esemthethweni. Ingxaki asiyoqela ngokwalo, kodwa yimida ecacileyo evumela iimali ezininzi ziphembelele unyulo olungaziwayo.

Unqamlezo: Indlela Iipawu Ezingadibaniyo Eziba Ngayo Nemali Emnyama

Ukudibana kwe PACs kunye namaphulo emali angekho mnyama kulapho ulwalamano lwemali yephulo lunzulu khona. IPCs qhaqhaqha i PCs. Ingakumbi iPieg Super PCs , ifumana iminikelo engenasiphelo evela kumaqumrhu, amaqumrhu, kunye nabantu ngabanye. Ngelixesha iPCACs kufuneka ityhile abanikeli bazo, kukho irhintyela elibalulekileyo: bangafumana imali evela kuma 501(c)(4)(4) kunye namanye amaqela emali amnyama, angabheki abaniziniki abazo. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba imali edlula-othunye” okanye [FLD:] isiphumo semali.[FLD:]

Umzekelo, umnikeli osisityebi onqwenela ukuphembelela unyulo olungaziwayo anganika i-$1(c) yezigidi ze-501 (4) umbutho. Loo mbutho, phantsi kozinzo lwentlalo-ntle, emva koko ufak ’ isandla esifanayo kwingxelo engadityaniswanga ne-Super PC. Ingxelo yePUC’C iza kudwelisa 501(c)(4) njengomnikeli (*) njengomnikeli uxwebhu lokwenyaniso luhlala lufihliwe.

Lo mkhwa usasazekile. Uphando lwe Brennan Center yeJaji lufumanise ukuba uninzi lwezinkulu kakhulu ze-PACs lufumana intlawulo yazo enkulu evela kwimithombo emnyama yemali. Ngexesha lama 2022-phakathi, ezimbini ezinkulu zePaCs zeqela ngalinye, [[[FLT]] [[FLT]] SATEPLATE MPREP [[FLT]] kunye [[FLT: 4.] i-Majotalm P[FLD:5] (Democratic [D]]) [omatilathi eninzi kakhulu]

Enye i-PACs iyenzeka xa i- ithe i-“issue advocation” engenakuhlukaniswa nokuchaza i-advocacy. A 501(c)(4) ingasebenzisa izibhengezo ezihlasela ingxelo yomntu, ngelixesha i-PAC edityanisiweyo iqhuba izikhangiso ezikhuthaza umchasi. Ngenxa yokuba i-501(c)(4) ayitsho ngokucacileyo ukuba “kuchasana,” ayithi ukutyhilwa kwegama elingu-* idityanisiwe lingumbangombulo wodityaniso odityanisiweyo otheneyo yi-procedforentiventivery eluncedo kwivocity.

Imithetho yokumisela isoloko ikhankanywa njengendawo yomlilo echasene nentsebenziswano engqalileyo, kodwa kuqheliselwayo, abasebenzi bangaphambili, abarhwebi, kunye neebhodi ezidityanisiweyo zifiphaza umgca. IFEC ayifane iqhubeke ilandela imisebenzi yokunyanzelisa umanyano, ishiya indawo engwevu enkulu apho ii-PAC kunye namaqela emali amnyama asebenza kwi-tanime ngaphandle kwezivumelwano ezisemthethweni.

Ngamanye amaxesha, abantu abafanayo balawula zombini i 501(c)(4) kunye ne PAC engadityaniswanga. Umzekelo, isebe lezobupolitika lingafumana iqela lemali emnyama ukucela imali engaziwayo kunye ne PPAC yokuyichitha. La mazwe mabini abelana ngesithuba seofisi, abasebenzi, kunye necebo, kodwa kuba ahlukene ngokusemthethweni, umthetho uwaphatha njengahlukileyo. Eli lungiselelo linyusa amandla okufaka imali engachazwanga kwi PAC ngexesha ugcina intembekiso yokuthobela.

Imizekelo yehlabathi lokwenene ininzi. AmaMelika akwindawo enempumelelo uthungelwano, oluxhaswe yi Koch , luquka 501 (c)(4) kunye negama eliphezulu elingadityaniswanga, elivumela ukungathinteleki nokungasetyenziswa. Ngokufanayo, [[FLT:]] u-USAP] U-[[FLT]] [[FLT]] [[FLT]]] [iii-democ PACIC] [iiindlela ephezulu ye-DC] kunye i-Majority Beat Parencervel [

Ucelomngeni Olungokwasemthethweni Nolawulo

Iseko solawulo sangoku asixhotyiswanga kakuhle ukuqhuba ukudityaniswa kwe-PACs nemali emnyama. I-FEC ibotshelelwe yi-grid will, kunye neekhomishinaria ezisoloko zingakwazi ukuvumelana ngezenzo zonyanzeliso. I-IRS, eyongamela 501(c)(4) ukuthobela, iye yathintelwa kakhulu ngokuqingqwa koqingqo-mali nangenkxalabo yezobupolitika, phantse ukuba iyeke ukuphicotha komsebenzi wezopolitiko ngamaqela entlalontle.

Imibuzo emininzi engundoqo engomthetho ayikaphendulwa:

  • [[NTL:0] Ukutyhilwa kolwazi ngo 501(c)(4). Ngexesha i-IRS ifuna ukuba le mibutho inike ingxelo yabanikezeli kwiifomu zerhafu eziyimfihlo, ayenzeli loo nkcazelo uwonke-wonke. Imigudu yokugunyazisa utyhilo lukawonke-wonke igcinwe kwiBhunga.
  • Ingcaciso ye-FEC ye- “groupyright" imxinwa kwaye idla ngokusilela ukuthatha ubunyani bemisebenzi kunye namaqhinga.
  • [[NKQUBO:0] Iposi- Isigqeba se-United jurispulpence. Iinkundla ngokuqhelekileyo zithathe ukusetyenziswa kwezopolitiko njengentetho ekhuselweyo, naxa ivela kwimithombo engaziwayo. Inkundla ePhakamileyo i-2014 yokulawula Mccheon v. FEC[FLT] ithe yayenza buthathaka imida yomnikelo, ngokungekho mthethweni i-PaCs.
  • I-Pilosourcessss surererete “izibhengezo ezizii-integer". Abathelisi abazibiza ngamagama. Phantsi komthetho wangoku, kuphela izibhengezo ezisebenzisa amagama akhethekileyo "amaqela” (umz., “iintelekelelo,” ikhupha inkcazelo epheleleyo. Adding rhead irekhodi yomvocalucago ngaphandle kwala magama akhutshwe, nokuba injongo icacile.

Amanye amaphondo aye angena nxaxheba apho urhulumente wesizwe engakhange angene khona. Umzekelo, iKhalifoniya, iNew York, neIllinois zimisele imithetho engqongqo yokutyhila amaqela amnyama emali asebenza kunyulo lwesizwe. Noko ke, umthetho wesizwe ukhulula umgaqo karhulumente wamaphulo karhulumente, ngoko le migudu isebenza kuphela kwindawo esekuhlaleni. Imigaqo encinci ibangela ukuba kubekho ibala elingalinganiyo lokudlala kwaye ivumela amaqela e-savvy ukuba asebenzise eyona mithetho ibuthathaka.

Olunye ucelomngeni lunyuko lwe imibutho enceda intlalo-ntle” esebenza njengeematshini zobupolitika. Umgangatho we-IRS ku 501(c)(4) ubume kukuba imibutho kufuneka “ibandakanyeke ngokuphandle” ekukhuthazeni intlalo-ntle yoluntu, hayi zobupolitika. Ekuhambeni kwayo, amaqela amaninzi achitha imali engaphezulu kwesiqingatha soqingqo-mali yawo kwimisebenzi yezopolitiko kwaye awajongani miphumo. Ukunqongophala kolu vavanyo lwenjongo yokuqala ye-IRS kuguqule uvavanyo olufileyo.

Ucelo Lwedemokhrasi

Udityaniso lwePACs ezingeyo-intanethi nemali emnyama ineziphumo ezinzulu kulawulo-melo lwabameli. Xa kuthe kwabakho unyulo olukhulu lwemali ekhukulisiweyo, imigaqo emininzi yedemokhrasi engundoqo iyarhoxa:

  • Intembeko kunye nokuvota okunolwazi. Abaxhasi abanakukwazi ukuqwalasela iintshukumisa ezisemva kwezibhengezo zezobupolitika ukuba abazi ukuba ngubani ozixhasayo. Uhlaselo olunyuswe kakuhle lungahlawulwa ngumniki omnye, umdla wamanye amazwe (amazwe angaphandle awavumelekanga ukupha), okanye ishishini elizama ukudambisa imimiselo", kodwa ngaphandle kokutyhila, ivoti ishiyeka kubumnyama.
  • Ukungahlawulwa kwamagosa anyuliweyo. Ukuba usomashishini ungenelwa kwimali emnyama, kunzima ngabameli ukwazi ukuba yeyiphi na intsebenziswano yezobupolitika enokuba nentsebenziswano kuyo. Oku kubangela ukungathembani nokuncitshiswa korhulumente.
  • ukulingana komelo. Ubuchule bokuchitha izinto ngaphandle kolwazi luhlahlela ilizwi labantu abatyebileyo kunye neenkampani, ukutshonisa inkxalabo yabemi abaqhelekileyo. Njengokuba isazinzulu sezobupolitika uMartin Gilens ebonise, inkqubo iphumele iziphumo ezisondele ngakumbi kwizinto ezikhethwa zizityebi kunalezo zikawonke-wonke.
  • Ukusetyenziswa kwemali kunye nempembelelo. Ngelixesha ukonakala okuqulethwe ngqo kungqina, ingqiqo yokunganyaniseki iyingozi. Amalungu eBhunga achitha isahlulo esibalulekileyo sexesha lawo lokuqokelela, ngokufuthi ukusuka kwiinethwekhi enye zemali ezimnyama ezixhasa iiPACs ezingedityaniswanga. Oku kudala inkqubo apho ukufikelela kuthengiselwa kweyona iphezulu i- proceder.

Ukunqongophala kokubonakala kwangaphandle kubangela ukuba kungenelele ukuphazamisa kwamanye amazwe. Nangona amazwe asemzini engavumelekanga ukuba anikele kunyulo lwase-U.S., angafaka imali kumaqela amnyama emali ngokwenza iminikelo kwimibutho yeqokobhe elishiweyo enikela kwii-PACs ezinkulu. Uphando lutyhile ukuba amaziko azimeleyo angaphandle aye asebenzisa le ndlela ukuphembelela i-collet kunye nonyulo lwasekuhlaleni.

Imigudu Yokwandisa Ukucaca Notshintsho

Phezu kwazo nje ezi ngxaki, umbutho onamandla wokulungisa inkxaso-mali kwiphulo uyaqhubeka unyanzelisa ukutyhilwa nokuziphendulela.

  • [[NTLT: 0] Umthetho we-DISCLOSE (Ulawulo lomelele ngokubeka Ukukhanya ekuthengeni kwiNkqutyana). Okokuqala yaziswa kwakhona ngo-2010 kwaye yaphinda yaphinda-phinda yabuyiselwa, le mithetho iyakufuna ukuba zonke izinhlangano ezichitha imali engaphezu kwe-$10 000 kumjikelo wonyulo ngamnye ukutyhila abanikeli abanikela ngaphezu ko-R10 000. Ingayalela ukuba ii-PAC namaqela emnyama emalini aphezulu atyhile iingxowa-mali zazo kwintengiso zazo. Imali idlule iNdlukhwe kodwa ijonge i-jini ejini kwiNxambo.
  • Imiyalelo ephumezekayo kunye nesenzo solawulo. uMongameli Biden wakhupha umyalelo olawulayo ngowama-2021 oyalela amasebe karhulumente ukuba ahlole ukubonakala okukhulu kwezindlu zorhulumente kunye nokuchitha kunyulo lwezwe. ISibonelelo kunye neKhomishini ye-Exchange (SEC) iye yaqwalasela ukwenza umthetho ofuna iinkampani zikawonke wonke ukubhenca iindleko zezopolitiki, nangona kungekho mthetho wokugqibela owamkelweyo.
  • utshintsho lomgangatho wesimo. Amazwe anjengeKhalifoniya, Connecticut, kunye neMaryland adlulise imithetho efuna imibutho engancediyo echitha unyulo lwamazwe ukuze atyhile abanikeli bayo. Le mithetho iye yacelwwa enkundleni, kodwa eminye iye yaxhaswa. Impumelelo yeenguqu zomgangatho karhulumente inika imodeli yesenzo sikarhulumente.
  • [[FLT: 0]] Iingcambu zomthetho kunye noxinzelelo lwabemi. Intlangano ezinjenge opensets, Brennan Center yeJaji yePhondo , kunye ] Campagign Lec Center [[ inikezela uphando nolungiso lokubhexeka iingqubano ezimnyama zemali nokutyhala. Inzala kawonke ekuboneleni okucacileyo ikwakhokelela ekubelaneni iizicelo ze-Rpopublic kwimist efuna ukuchithwa kwemali yezobupolitika.
  • [[FLT: 0] Izilungiso zomgaqo-siseko. Abanye abaxhasi, abakhokelwa ngamaqela afana Idinga laseMerika, baye babiza utshintsho lomgaqo-siseko ukurhoxisa [[FLT:]] i-Citazens United kwaye baqinisekisa ukuba imali ayithethi. Xa i-mententer ijongene nebhar ephezulu kakhulu, umbutho ugcina umba kuluntu.

Indima yemfundo ayinakuchazwa ngokugqithisileyo. Xa abafundi beqonda indlela ezingadibaniyo ngayo ii-PAC kunye nemali emnyama, baba ngabathengi abanolwazelelelo olungakumbi lolwazi lwezopolitiko kwaye babandakanyeke ngakumbi ekufuneni iinguqu. Iiklasi eziquke iimodyuli kwimali yephulo, ifuthe le i-Citizens United, kunye nomsebenzi we-PAC zidala unyulo olunolwazi olunokwazisa olunokwenza amagosa aphendule.

Indlela Ephambili: Ukuqinisa Idiski Nokunyanzelisa

Ukuze kubekho utshintsho olunentsingiselo, kufuneka utshintsho oluninzi lwesakhiwo. Okokuqala, iKhomishini kufuneka idlulisele umthetho obanzi ovala umngxuma ovumela ityala elingu 501(c)(4) kunye namanye amaqela emali amnyama ukuba afihle abanikeli. Kuphela kufuneka ukuba le mibutho ityhile abanikeli bayo xa ichitha iintengiso zezobupolitika iyakuba linyathelo elikhulu.

Okwesibini, kufuneka kulungiswe iFeVC ukuze yoyise ukungasebenzi kwayo okukhoyo ngoku. Umsebenzi olungisiweyo onamaqumrhu angaqhelekanga, okanye lowo unemigaqo ecacileyo yokunyanzelisa, unokunyanzelisa imithetho ekhoyo echasene nokusebenzisana nokungangqinelani.

Okwesithathu, i-IRS kufuneka inikwe oovimba kunye nolwalathiso lwamapolisa kwimisebenzi yezopolitiko yemibutho ekhutshwayo yerhafu. Ukubuyiselwa kophicotho-zincwadi oluqinileyo lwama-501(c)(4) nokususa irhafu yomntu ovavanya iinjongo eziphambili kuya kukudimaza ukudalwa kwamaqela entlalo-ntle entlalo-ntle e-ntlalo.

Okwesine, iinkundla kufuneka ziqwalasele ubukhulu be ` quemizens United . Nangona isigqibo ngokwaso singenakupheliswa ngokukhawuleza, iinkundla ezisezantsi zingasikela umda ekufikeleleni kwazo ngokufuna ukutyhilwa njengemeko yokuchitha ```indawo eninzi yeNkundla ePhakamileyo' ekhuthazwa ngokucacileyo kuluvo lwayo.

Ekugqibeleni, abavoti nabo bangafuna ukuba abantu babonakale bengenamdla ngokuxhasa abo bathembisa ukugatya imali emnyama nangokusebenzisa izixhobo ezifana ne-OpenSecrets “umhloli wamazwe ombaxa” ukuze balandele imali. Uxinzelelo lukawonke-wonke oluvela kumntu osele ewazi kakuhle abemi lusoloko luyeyona nto inamandla yokuguqula.

Isiphelo

Ukudibana kweePAC ezingeyo-ophaka kunye namaphulo emali amnyama amela enye yezona ndawo zinzima zemali yephulo laseMerika. Ngokuyila, ukudityaniswa kweenqanawa kuvumela ubutyebi ukuba bungene kwezobupolitika ngethuba elincinane, kudida umgaqo wokuba abavoti bazame ukuphembelela ukhetho lwabo. Kodwa ukuqonda ezi nkqubo linyathelo lokuqala ekuthetheni nabo.

Abafundisi banethuba elikhethekileyo lokuxhobisa isizukulwana esilandelayo ngolwazi olufunekayo ukuqhuba ngenqanawa, kwaye ekugqibeleni luguqule olu tshintsho oluntsonkothileyo. Ngokufundisa abafundi indlela esebenza ngayo i-PACs, indlela imali emnyama edlula ngayo, nendlela iqela elidibanisa ngayo ukuvelisa ii-intanethi ezinamandla ezifihlakeleyo, sikhuthaza ukucinga okunempembelelo nentsebenziswano yoluntu. Kwidemokhrasi esempilweni, ukubonakala ngokucacileyo akuyonto yolonwabo; sisiseko. Umlo oqhubekayo wokukhanyisela iimbombo ezimnyama zemali zephulo yimfazwe yokuzimela.

Ukuze ufunde ngokubhekele phaya, sicebisa ukuba uhlole ubuncwane obulungiselelwe uvule u-Fako lwe-Foctrets kwiphepha elimnyama lemali , [[FLT:] Brennan's Money Center in Politics jow , kunye ne-FLT]FEDALF ... Commission Conficition [ ye-data esemthethweni kwi-PACPUPC kunye neengxelo ze-Reficious.