Ingcamango yeriphabliki yenye yezona zintsha zezobupolitika zibalulekileyo kwimbali yoluntu. Imisela isiseko apho igunya likarhulumente lifumaneka ngokuvuma kwabalawulwa, kwaye abemi banegunya elipheleleyo lokubumba inkqubo kawonke-wonke. Nangona isoloko isetyenziswa ngokuhambelana nedemokhrasi, irepublic igxininisa inkqubo yemithetho kunye nomelo, apho amagosa anyuliweyo abophelwe ngomgaqo-siseko kwaye aphenduleke kubantu. Eli nqaku linikela uhlolisiso oluphandle ngendlela abemi abaphembelela ngayo izigqibo zikarhulumente kwi-riphabliki, ukuvavanya iziseko zembali, iindlela eziluncedo, kunye nemingeni yanamhlanje echaza ukuganana kwezenteleko. Ukuqonda ezi mandla kubalulekile kuye nabani na ofuna ukuba abe nenxaxheba kwibutho labantu abafuna ukuzilawulayo.

Yintoni iRiphabliki?

Embindini wayo, irepublic luhlobo lukarhulumente apho urhulumente ethathwa njenge "umbandela kawonke-wonke" (kwisiLatini [[FLT: 0]] ibeka uwonke-wonke[), kunokuba ibe bummandla wabucala wekumkani okanye isikhulu esilawulayo. Kwirepublic, ulawulo luxhomekeke kubantu, abasebenzisa igunya labo ngommeli onyuliweyo. Umgaqo-siseko umisela igunya likarhulumente, ukhusela amalungelo omntu ngamnye, kwaye wahlula amasebe olawulo lwegunya phakathi kwegunya, i-wigconst, ne-cractial. Esi sakhiwo sithintela nawuphi na umntu okanye iqela elizimeleyo ukuba lingabini.

"A republic, ukuba ungayigcina." — Ichazwe nguBenjamin Franklin, ebonisa imbopheleleko eqhubekayo yabemi yokukhusela amaziko eriphabliki.

Ngokungafaniyo nedemokhrasi engqalileyo, apho abemi be-vote kwimbambano nganye, irepublic ixhomekeke ekulawuleni iintsomi zolawulo lwale mihla. Le nkqubo ivumela ukucinga, ubuchule, kunye nozinzo, ngoxa iqinisekisa ukuba urhulumente usasabela ekuthandeni abantu. Umthetho, kungekhona iminqweno yabalawuli, ulawula zonke izenzo, usenza iiRiphabliki zibe yindawo ekhusela ekulweni nengcinezelo.

Indima Yabemi KwiRiphabliki

Kwiriphabliki, abemi abangobantu nje abalawulwa; banezikhundla eziphambili ezineendlela ezininzi zokuphembelela izigqibo zikarhulumente. Le mpembelelo iquka intlukwano yemisebenzi yokuvota ebumba intetho yesidlangalala kunye neziphumo zayo. Impilo yeriphabliki ixhomekeke ngqo ekuthenjisweni kwabemi bayo. Ngeli ngezantsi zindlela eziphambili abantu namaqela anokusebenzisa ngazo impembelelo yabo.

Ukukhanyisa Kukhetho

Ukuqhayisa kusesona sixhobo sisisiseko nesingqalileyo sempembelelo yabemi. Unyulo oluthe rhoqo kwimigangatho yasekuhlaleni, yesizwe, kunye neyobuzwe luvumela abemi ukuba bakhethe abamele bavumelane nemilinganiselo yabo kwimibandela enjengerhafu, ukunyamekela impilo, imfundo, nokhuseleko lwesizwe. Ngapha koko bakhetha, abavoti bangagqiba kwinyathelo lokuthatha inxaxheba okanye ukupheliswa kwemithetho-siseko. Noko ke, ukuvota kusebenza kakuhle kakhulu xa kuxelelwa — iingxelo zabahlali kufuneka baqonde iimfuno zemigaqo-nkqubo, baze bavavanye iziphumo ezinde zeziphumo zabo. UVoterout ungumboniseli-offat short of republicties; ukuthatha inxaxheba ephezulu kuqinisekisa ukuba urhulumente abonise ulwahlulo lwahlukene lwentlalo-ntle.

Ukuba Nenxaxheba Kwimibutho Yasekuhlaleni

Ii-projekthi zikawonke-wonke zinika abemi imiyalelo engqalileyo kumagosa alo anyuliweyo kunye namalungu asekuhlaleni. Iintlanganiso zeholo yedolophana, iibhunga lesixeko, iintlanganiso zezikhululo zesikolo, kunye neembutho zobume basekuhlaleni zonke ziindawo apho abemi banokuthetha benoxanduva, babuze imibuzo, baze bacebise izicombululo. KwiiRiphabliki ezininzi, imithetho ifuna amagqabaza asekuhlaleni ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe izigqibo ezinkulu. Aba banqolobi basebenza njengendlela yokuhlola urhulumente, njengoko amagosa kufuneka ajongene neemfuno zabo kwaye athethelele izenzo zabo. Ukuba nenxaxheba kwezo zinto kusenokukhokelela kwienguquko ezikhoyo, njengemithetho ehlazinziweyo okanye ukubonelelwa kweenkonzo zikawonke.

Ukubandakanyeka ekulawuleni nasekuziphatheni

Imisebenzi emininzi equkelwe ukuphembelela inkqubo karhulumente ngaphandle kwemijelo esemthethweni yokunyulwa. Oku kunokuquka ukulungiselela imiboniso kawonke-wonke, ukuphanda amaphulo okulumkisa, ukutsala amagosa anyuliweyo, okanye ukusebenzisa inyathelo elisemthethweni ukucel ’ umngeni imithetho engekho sikweni. I-Grasloots stivivism, ngokukodwa, inempembelelo enamandla ngokukhuthaza amalungu ebutho ukuba ajongene nezizathu ezihlukeneyo. Imizekelo yembali iquka ukunyanzelisa amalungelo abantu nokunyanzela ukukhuselwa kwemekobume. Kwixesha lemibatho, oondaba-ndaba bavumela abahlali besuka kwimimandla yomhlaba yonke baze balungelelanise imicimbi. Ngoxa i-ctiviism inokuba negalelo, iyisixhobo esifanelekileyo nesokubandakanye ukuze abemi bafune ukuphendula inkqubela.

Abameli Abanxibelelanayo

Umnxeba omnye, i-imeyili, okanye ileta ebhalelwe ummisi-mthetho unokuba nempembelelo ebalulekileyo. Amagosa aqwalaselweyo kunye nabasebenzi bawo bafumana izalathiso ezidityanisiweyo ukuvavanya indlela abantu abavakalelwa ngayo kumthetho obesele uhleli. Amabali angomntu achaza indlela umthetho oza kuchaphazela ngayo intsapho okanye ishishini lommi. Amaqela amaninzi angoovimba abasebenzi anika abathunywa isikhokelo sokunxibelelana, kodwa isigidimi esisuka entliziyweni sinobunzima obungakumbi. Iintsebenzi ziyakwazi ukucwangcisa iintlanganiso nabameli bazo okanye ukuthatha iiyure zokuhlala eofisini ukuze zixubuthene nemicimbi enzulu. Olu nxibelelwano lukhuthaza unxulumano olungqalileyo phakathi kwabalawulwa nabalawulayo.

Intlangano edityanisiweyo

Imibutho ye-CID — ukusuka kwiRotary Club ukuya kwimibutho engaphiliyo eluncedo kwindalo — yandisa amazwi awodwa asebenza njengeqela. La maqela asoloko ezinikele kumalungu afuna ulawulo, amaqela asemthethweni, kunye namajelo eendaba ukunyanzela ukuba aguqule imigaqo ethile yowiso-mthetho. Amalungu anjalo afundisa kwimibutho enzima kwaye adala imibutho yabemi abafana nabanokuqokelela oovimba abazibonelelo. Iintlangano ezisekelwe kuluntu zikwanendima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni ummandla wasekuhlaleni, njengeenkqubo zokubukela, iimbutho zabafundisi-bafundisi, kunye namabhunga enkcubeko. Ngokudibanisa la maqela, abemi basuka kwaba bantu bangababukeli abakhutheleyo baye kungenelela abathathi beendawo zabo.

Ukukhonza Kwimibhiyozo NaseOfisi Kawonke - wonke

Ngaphandle kokuvota nokuphatha inzala, abemi bangaphembelela urhulumente ngokukhonza ngqo kumaqumrhu karhulumente. Umsebenzi we Jury yimbopheleleko ephambili yeriphabliki, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkundla zibonakalisa imilinganiselo yoluntu yokusesikweni. Ukusukela iofisi yasekuhlaleni — enoba yeyombutho wesikolo, yequmrhu lesixeko, okanye yendlu yowiso-mthetho — kuvumela abemi ukuba bamisele inkqubo engaphakathi. Kwanemisebenzi yesebe eliphetheyo efana nokusebenza kwikomishini yocwangciso lukamasipala okanye ikomiti yesizwe inika abemi besizwe ilizwi elisemthethweni ekwenzeni izigqibo. Le misebenzi ifuna imbopheleleko kodwa inika umgangatho ophezulu wempembelelo kwizenzo zikarhulumente.

Ukuphenjelelwa

Iindlela ezisetyenziswayo zisebenzisa iinkqubo eziliqela ezisetyenziswa ngurhulumente werepublic ukudlulisela inkcazelo yabemi. Ukuqonda ezi nkqubo kunceda abemi bakwazi ukuqhuba kakuhle kwezopolitiko.

Iinkqubo ezihambayo

Unyulo lusisiseko solawulo lolawulo lweriphabliki. Zigqiba ukuba ngubani ophethe igunya kwaye amisele inkqubo yexesha elisisigxina. Ngapha koko ukufaka nje ibhoti, abemi baphembelela inkqubo ngokunikela ngemirhumo, ukunikela ngokuzithandela ukuphuma ngenqwelo-moya, okanye kwanokuzisebenzela ngokwabo. Unyulo oluphambili luvumela abavoti ukuba bakhethe abathathi-nxaxheba phakathi kwamaqela, ngokufuthi bagqibe ukhetho lokugqibela kwimimandla enzima. Imithetho yezenkcitho kunye nokubhalisa (irgermanicerder) zingagqwetha iziphumo zokhetho, ukwenza ingxoxo ngale mithetho yesitshixo yabemi ye-Skivism.

Izibongozo Nezindululo

Izibongozo zivumela abemi ukuba bafake imibandela ngqo kwiimeko zikawonke-wonke. Kwiiriphabliki ezininzi, isicelo esisayiniweyo linani elaneleyo labemi singanyanzela iqumrhu lowiso-mthetho ukuba licinge ngesicelo. IiReferendendim zihambela phambili, zinika abavoti ukwamkela okanye ukugatya imithetho ethile ngqo. Izindululo zivumela abemi ukuba benze umthetho omtsha baze bawufake kwivote ngaphandle kokuhamba ngemithetho yowiso-mthetho. Ezi nkqubo zinamandla ngokukhethekileyo kwimibandela eshushu efana nokwenziwa komjuxube-mthetho okanye inkqubo yerhafu.

Ukuqhatha Nokukhohlisa

Ukuqhayisa kubandakanya imigudu yokuphembelela izigqibo zikarhulumente, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokunika abaququzeleli bomthetho iimpikiswano nolwazi. Ngoxa igalelo eliqhelekileyo linxulunyaniswa namaqumrhu, ukukhuthaza kusetyenziswa ngokulinganayo ngamaqela anomdla kawonke-wonke, amaqumrhu abasebenzi, kunye neengeniso. Ukuphembelela ngokunempumelelo kuxhomekeke kulwalamano lokwakha, ukunikezela ugcino-lwazi olunokuthenjwa, nokubonakalisa inkxaso kawonke-wonke. I-Grassroot ezibhenelayo — apho imibutho ikhuthaza abemi ukuba baqhagamshelane ngqo nabameli babo — iye yanempembelelo engakumbi kwaye iyakwazi ukuphikisana nezilangazelelo zenkampani ezisebenza ngokulinganayo.

Uluvo Lwamajelo Ondaba Noluntu

Ijelo leendaba elikhululekileyo nelizimeleyo libalulekile kwiriphabliki esebenzayo. Ijelo-ndaba lazisa abemi ngezenzo zikarhulumente, libhenca ububi, kunye nentetho yesidlangalala. Kule mihla, amaqonga eenkqubo zoluntu avumela nabani na ukuba asasaze iimbono zakhe, kodwa adala amagumbi okukhupha intloko-sandi kwaye asasaza. Izakhono zingaphembelela urhulumente ngokufak ’ isandla kwizixhobo zokukhupha imicimbi (ngeencwadi kumhleli, ii-op - ed, okanye kumajenaliants asekuhlaleni), ukuba nenxaxheba kwiimbono zikawonke wonke, okanye ukusebenzisa unxibelelwano lwezentlalo-ntlalo-ntle ekuqulunqeni iimbambano ze-mente, ingakumbi kwimibandela ephezulu, yenza isiXhobo esinamandla.

Iibhodi neeKhomishini zoMmi

Urhulumente omninzi umisela iibhodi zokufundisa eziquka abemi abaqhelekileyo ukunikela ingcebiso kwimimandla ethile yezomgaqo-nkqubo enjengeepaki, imfundo, okanye imicimbi yamapolisa. Ezi bhodi zidla ngokuba neentlanganiso zikawonke-wonke, iingxelo zogcino-lwazi, kunye nokuncomela ukuba kufuneka kuqwalaselwe amasebe karhulumente. Ukukhonza kwibhodi enjalo kunika abemi indima elungeleleneyo, eqhubekayo ekulawuleni yaye kuqinisekisa ukuba iimbono ezahlukeneyo ziyazisa izigqibo.

Imeko - bume yeeRiphabliki

Ingcamango yokuba ngummi unempembelelo kwiriphabliki ayizange ivele ngokupheleleyo; yavela ngaphezu kweminyaka eliwaka ngokuzama, ukungquzulana nentanda - bulumko.

IGrisi Yamandulo NeRoma

Ngoxa i-Athens yayinohlobo oluthile lwedemokhrasi engqalileyo, iRiphabliki yeRoma (502-327 BCE) yaba ngoovulindlela abameli abalawula ngenkqubo entsonkothileyo yeendibano, ii-senethi, kunye nee-console. Abemi baseRoma babenokuvota kunyulo nakumthetho, nangona amandla okwenene ayejoliswe phakathi kodidi lwe-patrician. Umzabalazo phakathi kwe-patricia kunye ne-plebeans wakhokelela ekudalweni kweTribune yePlebs, iofisi enikezelwe ukukhusela abantu abaqhelekileyo kulawulo olunobugqeba — ukuvavanywa kwasekuqaleni kwegunya eliphezulu. Ukuwa kweRiphabliki yeRoma ngenxa yokunganyani, imfazwe yamakhaya, nokunyuka kwe-autocricast kuhlala kusekho isilumkiso ngemfuno yabemi abalumkileyo.

Imfundiso Yokukhanyiselwa NeeRiphabliki

Iingcinga ezikhanyiselweyo zayivuselela zaza zayiphucula ingcamango yeriphabliki. UJohn Locke waxhasa amalungelo emvelo norhulumente ngokuvuma, ngeli xesha uMontesquieu waxhasa ukwahlukana kwamagunya. UJean-Jacques Rousseau wagxininisa "ukuthanda kombuso" kunye nolawulo oludumileyo. Ezi ngcamango zasasazeka ngeencwadana neesalon, zivavanya ulawulo olupheleleyo lolawulo lolawulo lolawulo lwelizwe lwale mihla. IGlorious Glorious Revolution eNgilani (1688) kunye noLwill of Rights Rous yanikela umzekelo osebenzayo wolawulo lukarhulumente nolukileyo nolawulo lwepalame.

Amalinge AseMelika

IMvukelo yaseMelika (1775-1783) yadala irepublic karhulumente esekelwe kumgaqo-siseko obhaliweyo, kurhulumente ongummeli, nakumalungelo adwelisweyo. Abalawuli babexhalabele kakhulu ukulungelelanisa inkululeko nolungelelwano, kwaye bayila inkqubo yokuhlola nokulinganisela, i-bimeralism, kunye ne-jumericary ezimeleyo. Noko ke, ekuqaleni, amadoda amhlophe aqalayo ukuba nempahla ewabekileyo, anokuvota, abafazi, amakhoboka, nabahlwempu. Ngaphezu kweenkulungwane ezimbini, abemi bandisa inkqubo ye-franchise ngokusetyenziswa kwe-antelliment kunye nemibutho — iphelisa ubukhoboka, inika amabhinqa i-scuffiary, kwaye ithobalula iminyaka e-18 ubudala bokubandakanyelwa koomatila baseMelika inguliphabliki ingumzekelo ophilayo wempembelelo yabemi be-A.

Imvukelo YamaFrentshi Nelifa Layo

IMvukelo yaseFransi (1789-1799) yafuna ukuseka iriphabliki esekelwe kwinkululeko, ukulingana, kunye nomanyano. Isindululo samalungelo omntu nowabami savakalisa ukuba ulawulo luhleli kulo hlanga. Kodwa imvukelo yehlela kuLawulo lwe-Terrogriz, ibonisa indlela iimfuno zerepublic ezinokugqwethwa ngayo ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kwamaziko anamandla. Ukulandela irepublic yaseFransi, kunye neenguqu kulo lonke elaseYurophu naseMzantsi Merika, kwafak'unegalelo kukusasazwa korhulumente we-riphabliki-riphabliki. Ingcamango yempembelelo yabemi yoluntu yomelezwe lonke, amalungelo abasebenzi, kunye nokurhoxiswa kweminye imimandla.

IiRepublic Zedemocratic Zanamhlanje

Namhlanje, amazwe amaninzi azibiza ngokuba ziiriphabliki, nangona ukunamathela kwawo kwimigaqo yedemokhrasi kungafani kakhulu. Ulawulo lokwenyaniso lweriphabliki alufuni nje kuphela unyulo kodwa lukwafuna umthetho, ushicilelo olukhululekileyo, nendawo yebutho labantu. Ukwanda kwamalungelo amabhinqa, amaqela amancinane esizwe, kunye nabantu abakwi-LGBTQ + abantu kwi-Riphabliki ezininzi babonisa ukuba abemi abakwizikhundla zobuGwanci banokuyiguqula ingcaciso yokuba ngubani ummi opheleleyo. Icandelo lembali le-Riphabliki lingomnye wenkxribaxta yomgudu oqhubekayo wokwandisa impembelelo kubo bonke abemi.

Iingxaki Zempembelelo Yabami

Nangona kukho izixhobo ezininzi, abemi bajamelana nemiqobo ephawulekayo ekuchazeni amazwi abo.

Ukungakhathali nokunganeliseki

Umvoti ophantsi, ingakumbi phakathi kwabantu abaselula kunye nabantu abaphantsi, benza buthathaka ubume bobumeli bukarhulumente. Abemi abaninzi bavakalelwa kukuba ukuvota kwabo akunto ibalulekileyo, okanye bonke abatshatiweyo bayafana. Oku kungabi namdla kubangelwa yimeko-bume yamajelo eendaba ejongene nezobugqwirha kunokuba ibe yinkqubo enzima, kunye neenkqubo zokubhalisa. Ukulwa nokungakhathali kufuna imfundo engcono yezentlalo-ntle, ukuvota okulula ngakumbi (njengokusebenza ngeposi), kunye nemigudu yokwenza ukuba imicimbi yezobupolitika ibaluleke kubomi babantu bemihla ngemihla.

Inkcazelo

Ulwazi oluxokayo okanye olulahlekisayo lusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwi-intanethi, abavoti abadideki ngemibandela kunye nabavoti abaza kufumana ulwazi. Amaphulo okungaqiniseki anokuphelisa ukuvota okanye abangele ukungathembani kumaqumrhu edemokhrasi. Abahlali kufuneka bahlakulele ubuchule bokufunda iinkcazelo zonxibelelwano, ukukhangela imbali kwiimvelaphi ezininzi, kwaye baxhomekeke kwii-odayali ezithembekileyo. Ii-ofisi nakumaqonga anendima ekuthinteleni ukuxhatshazwa okubi kakhulu kokungathethisi ngokukhululekile.

Izithintelo Zokuba Nenxaxheba

Imithetho ye-ID ebekelwe umda, iindawo zokuvota ezisikelwe umda, kunye nocwangco lwemiqobo iphelisa ukubhadula. Imiqobo yentlalo enjengendlela yokungabi naxesha, imali, okanye ezothutho ikwathintela abaninzi ukuba bangene kwinxaxheba. Imiqobo yolwimi nokukhubazeka kolwimi kungaqhubeka kushiya abantu. Utshintsho olufana nokubhaliswa komvoti, ukuvota kwasekuqaleni, kunye noncedo lolwimi lunganciphisa indawo yokudlala. Ukungalawuleki kweenguqu ezinjalo kuyindlela yempembelelo ngokwayo.

Ukwenziwa Kwenkcazelo Yezobupolitika Nokuxinana

Xa uvotelwa besahlulwa ngokunzulu, urhulumente angakhubazeka. Abameli basemthethweni bangakwala ukulalanisa, kwaye abemi kwelinye iqela basenokujonga elinye njengelingekho mthethweni. Oku kuthathi-goqweni kunciphisa ukuthembana kwimibutho kwaye kwenza kube nzima naliphi na iqela ukufumana utshintsho oluhlala luhleli. Abahlali bangakuphikisa oku ngokufuna umhlaba omnye, ngokuxhasa abazamkeli abazimeleyo, nokunyanzelela kwingxoxo esekelwe kwizibakala.

Iziphazamiso zenqanaba kunye nolawulo

Iinkqubo zobureaucrates ezintsonkothileyo, imithetho engqongqo, kunye nempembelelo yemali kwezobupolitika zingawanciphisa amandla abami. Abantu abanobutyebi kunye neenkampani ngokufuthi banokufikelela ngokungenakulinganiswa kubenzi bomthetho. Utshintsho lwezemali, iimfuno zokubonisana, kunye nemilinganiselo yokulwa nokonakala zindawo eziqhubekayo apho umsebenzi wabemi ufuneka khona. Intshukumo ye- Grassroot iphumelele ukudlulisela iinguqu zemilinganiselo yokuziphatha kwimimandla emininzi.

Ukuwohloka Kwemfundo Yesityalo

Abemi abaninzi abanalwazi olusisiseko ngendlela urhulumente wabo asebenza ngayo, indlela yokunxibelelana namagosa okanye oko kumele ukuba ngako. Imfundo yezentlalo ezikolweni ivelisa abavoti abasetyenziswa lula okanye abaphepha zobupolitika ngokupheleleyo. Izifundo zemfundo zelifa lesizwe ezivumisayo, ixhasa abavoti abangengobathathi-nxaxheba, kunye nokukhuthaza iindawo zokuvota zentlalo-ntle zinokubanika amandla abemi ukuba basebenzise izixhobo abanokuzifumana.

Isiphelo

IRiphabliki asiyonkqubo emileyo kodwa isebenza ngamandla exhomekeke ekuthatheni inxaxheba ngolwazi nakumsebenzi wabemi bayo. Ukusuka ekuvoteni nasekuceleni ukuba basebenze kwijaji nasekusebenzeni, abantu banezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokubumba izigqibo zikarhulumente. Uhambo lwembali lwe-riphabliki — ukusuka kwiRoma yamandulo ukuya kwixesha langoku — lubonisa ukuba inkqubela isoloko isuka kwimigudu eqhubekayo yabemi. Kwangaxesha linye, iingxaki ezifana nokurhoxa, ukuhla, ukudityaniswa, kunye nokungalinganiswa kwezakhiwo zifuna ukuqapha nokuhlala zikho. I-Riphabliki inamandla kuphela ngenxa yokuvuma kwabemi bayo, ukuphakamisa igunya, nokuphakamisa imigaqo yomelo nomthetho. Ngokuqonda impembelelo nokusebenzisa ngenkuthalo, bonke abemi banokunikela igalelo lorhulumente olusebenza ngokwenene. Inkululeko yokuzibandakanya.