Ukuqonda Imibandela KaRaje Sabha Neentlanganiso Zeentlekele

IRajiya Sabba, njengendlu ephezulu yePalamente yaseIndiya yeBadamaral, inendima ebalulekileyo kumthetho wesizwe, ukumelelwa kwamazwe, nokuhlolisiswa kweentlanganiso zikarhulumente. Ngoxa iintlanganiso zayo ezithe rhoqo zilandela ikhalenda esisigxina nyaka ngamnye (iBhodlet, iMonsyoon, neTshayina).

Isiseko somGaqo-siseko kunye neGunya eliLawulayo

Ukubizwa kwePalamente kulawulwa ngokuyintloko liGatya 85 loMgaqo-siseko waseIndiya. Kuyanyanzelisa ukuba uMongameli aqinisekise ukuba iNdlu yePalamente nganye ifaneleke ngexesha nangendawo enje njengokuba uMongameli ecinga ukuba iyafaneleka, ngeproviso yokuba iinyanga ezintandathu zingangeneli phakathi kokuhlala kwayo yokugqibela kwintlanganiso enye nomhla omiselwe ukuhlala kwayo okokuqala kwintlanganiso elandelayo. Eli lungiselelo liqinisekisa ukuba inani elincinane lokuhlala kodwa likwanika ububele bokubiza iintlanganiso ezongezelelekileyo xa kuyimfuneko. Amandla okumema intlanganiso ekhethekileyo akasayi kuphelelanga; asetyenziswa kwicebiso leBhunga labaPhathiswa abaphethwe liququququze liquququze. Ukuqhelisalisa, i-Complistrison, incomela ukubuzisa umqondiso osemthethweni phantsi kweScet sy Searay

Iintlanganiso ze-emergency `esoloko zibhekiselwa kuzo ngokuthi “ukuhlala ngokukhethekileyo” okanye“intlanganiso engaqhelekanga”. Ayinawo amaqela asemthethweni ahlukeneyo kumbhalo wezomGaqo-siseko kodwa iphathwa njengeseti yeentlanganiso ezikhethekileyo. Igama elithi “intlanganiso yobuchule” lisetyenziswa ngokungacwangciswanga xa imfuneko yokucinga ingxamiseka kangangokuba ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokuqaphela licuthwe kakhulu. Imithetho yenkqubo yeRajiya Sabba, eyaziwa njengexesha lomhla nelokuhlala, ukulungiselela uMthetho weProcdeture neNko yeBhunga eShulumente eStass, inika umgaqo wesimendo. Umthetho 3 ugunyazisa u-Simende we-Acel (udensity of India) ukulungisa ixesha kunye nonyaka wokuhlala, ukumiswa komthetho we-Centerne.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba “intlanganiso ekhethekileyo” ikwanokuqhutywa kwisicelo samalungu amaninzi. Phantsi koMthetho 5A, ukuba asiphantsi kwesinye sesithandathu senani lamalungu eRajiya Sabhaha inika isaziso ngokubhalela unobhala-Jikelele ukuba anqwenela ukuhlala athethe ngenye into ekhethekileyo ebaluleke kakhulu kuwonke-wonke, uSihlalo, emva kokuqwalasela ungxamiseko nokungafezeki, ucebisa uMongameli ukuba kubekwe isigxina sodwa. Oku kunika inkqubo yokuchasana okanye amalungu azimeleyo anyanzele impikiswano ngaphandle kocwangciso lukarhulumente, nangona isigqibo sokugqibela sixhomekeke kumongameli.

Ukuqhubeka ufunda kwinqaku lama-85 kunye namandla okubiza, ibhekisa kwi- iConstitution of India (Artle 85) kumGaqo-siseko we-Ofdia.nethi.

Umahluko Phakathi Kweziqendu Eziqhelekileyo, Ezikhethekileyo Nezamanqam

Ukuze uphephe ukudideka, kuyimfuneko ukucaphula iindidi ezintathu:

  • Intlanganiso eziphindaphindiweyo: Icwangciswe kwangaphambili (Izigweqe, iMonssoon, ibusika) kwaye igquma udweliso lwemithetho. Iqhele ukuba iiveki eziliqela.
  • Intlanganiso ezikhethekileyo: Ifakelwe ngaphandle kwekhalenda eqhelekileyo ukunikeza umba othile(umz., umqondiso wesiphawuli, isiganeko sesikhumbuzo, okanye intlekele yesizwe. Isaziso sinikwa iintsuku okanye iiveki eziliqela ngaphambili, kwaye ucwangciso ludla ngokulinganiselwa.
  • Intlanganiso ezi-ethe tye: Iseti yeentlanganiso ezincinci ezibizwa ngesaziso esincinane (mhlawumbi 24-48 iiyure) ukuphendula kwimeko ekhawulezileyo okanye engakaze ibonwe ngaphambili", umz. ukhuseleko lwesizwe, intlekele yendalo efuna imvume engxamisekileyo yepalamente yamanyathelo oncedo, okanye ingxaki yemithetho-siseko.

Kuqheliselo lwepalamente yase-Indiya, igama elithi “intlanganiso ekhethekileyo” lidla ngokusetyenziswa kuzo zombini iindidi, kodwa imithetho yesaziso kunye nocwangciso lokucwangcisa iyahluka. Umzekelo, intlanganiso ekhethekileyo eyaqhutywa ngoSeptemba 2023 ukuphikisana ngeBhili yeReservation yaMadoda yacetywa kwiiveki ezingaphambili, kanti intlanganiso yongxamiseko yokuxubusha ngesiquphe ukukhunjulwa komkhosi iza kuqukunjelwa kwisaziso esifutshane kakhulu.

Amanyathelo aCwangcisiweyo okuHlaziya iSeshoni ePhakamileyo

1. Ukhuthuzo noluvo

Le nkqubo iqalisa ngorhulumente (ngokoqobo iKomiti yeKhabhinethi kwiPalamente yeMicimbi) igqiba kwelokuba intlanganiso ekhethekileyo iyimfuneko, okanye ngokucela kumalungu phantsi koMthetho 5A. Kwimeko eqhutywa ngurhulumente, uMphathiswa okanye uMphathi-mikhosi wePalamente weMicimbi yeNkqutyana yeNkqutyana. UMongameli, ebotshwe ngoncedo nangecebiso leBhunga labaPhathiswa (iGatya lama-74), ukhupha isaziso phantsi kweQumrhu 85(1). Kwilungu elikhethekileyo elihlala phantsi kweQumrhu, uSihlalo kufuneka aqale aqinisekise ukuba umbango wokubaluleka okungxamisekileyo kuMongameli. uMphathi, unesicelo esifunekayo (omnye-66).

2. Umlinganiselo wemiba

Xa isaziso sikaMongameli sipapashwa kwiGazette yaseIndiya, uRajiya Sabha-Jikelele ubiza ilungu ngalinye, kunye noluhlu lokuqala okanye lweshishini. Phantsi kwemigaqo eqhelekileyo, ubuncinane beentsuku ezisixhenxe bunikwa intlanganiso ekhethekileyo, nangona oku kunokuthi kuhlatshwe kwimicimbi engxamisekileyo nguSosiba noMphathi-mabhalane noMongameli. Isalathisi sikhankanya umhla, ixesha, indawo (ngokuqhelekileyo, iHolo enkulu yePalamente okanye, ngexesha, iHolo esembindini yokuhlalana), kunye nezinto zeshishini.

Isicwangciso se-Agenda

Ucwangciso lwentlanganiso eyodwa lumxinwa. Urhulumente angacebisa ukuba kunikwe isibhaka-sodwa, isigqibo, okanye ingxubusho ngaphandle kokuvota (umthetho 176). Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iintlanganiso ezithe rhoqo zinemimiselo emide equka iindleko ezilindileyo, imibuzo, kunye neengxelo zekomiti. Kwintlanganiso ezikhethekileyo, iKomiti ye-Business Advisory (BAC) yeRapya Sabba, ephethe isitulo soMphathiswa wePalamente, edityaniswe ukugqiba uluhlu lweshishini kunye nethuba elabiwe. Kwintlanganiso zexesha likaxakeka, i-BAC i-BAC isenokudlula, kunye noMphathi-Callman ugqiba umgaqo weshishini.

4. Ukuqhuba iSiqendu

Intlanganiso ezikhethekileyo zilandela imithetho efanayo yenkqubo efana nayo eqhelekeyo enxulumene nokuziphatha, ukuvota, kunye nokuzimela. Noko ke, uSihlalo usoloko ecela uMthetho wama-267 ukuba amise nawuphi na umthetho onokuthi uthintele ishishini elingxamisekileyo. Umzekelo, imfuneko yesaziso sangaphambili sephepha (ngokuqhelekileyo iintsuku ezimbini) ingapheliswa. Quorum (amalungu angama-25) kufuneka abekho; ukuba nakweliphi na ixesha ukungabikho komGawulayo, ukuhlala kudityanisiwe. Umthetho osisigxilo, njengemicimbi encinci, efana nomthetho okanye isigqibo, uqhutywa yicandelo (umhleli okanye izwi) ngaphandle kokuba indlu ivumelana nokuboniswa okulula kwezandla. Ngemigxobhozo, uninzi lwamalungu akhoyo, kunye nobuninzi boongezo zonke ezifunekayo kwintlanganiso zentlanganiso.

Izinto Ezinokwenziwa Kwiintlanganiso Zexesha Lentlekele

Iintlanganiso zexesha likaxakeka ziphawulwe ngesantya esigqithisileyo nangomthetho omncinci. Isakhiwo somthetho siyafana/Article 85/* kodwa amanyathelo asebenzayo axinene:

  • Isigqibo seCabinet: INkulumbuso ihlanganisa intlanganiso yekhabhinethi yongxamiseko, encomela izicelo ezikhawulezileyo. UMongameli uxelelwe kwaye unika isaziso ngeyure nje ezingephi.
  • Ilitha kumalungu: Unobhala-Jikelele oqhagamshelana nabo usebenzisa umnxeba, iSMS, i-imeyili, kunye ne-oyile esemthethweni Amaqela entoni. Amaqela abhaliweyo asenokusasazwa kamva. Amalungu alindeleke ukuba afumaneke kwisaziso esifutshane; imithetho ivumela ixesha elifutshane njengexesha elilula elibona ukuba lisengqiqweni (ngokunjalo iiyure ezingama-24).
  • Agenda: Ucwangciso lucaciswe ngaphambili kwaye ludla ngokuba yinto enye (umz., isigqibo sokuvumela uLawulo lukaMongameli phantsi kweGatya 356, okanye ukuqinisekisa umthetho wongxamiseko. Akukho matyala matsha anokuziswa ngaphandle kokusasazwa kwangaphambili, kodwa umthetho osele uqaliswe kwintlanganiso edlulileyo ungathathwa.
  • [[NTL:0] Imida Yexesha: USihlalo umisela imida engqongqo yexesha leentetho (umz., imizuzu eli-10 ngelungu) ukuqinisekisa intlanganiso ukuba iphela ngokukhawuleza. Intlanganiso isenokufa isisono esigqunyiweyo emva kokuba into ilahliwe, okanye ingenziwa ngokusesikweni nguMongameli.

Umzekelo wentlanganiso yexesha likaxakeka yenzeka ngo 26 kaNovemba 2008, emva kohlaselo lwaseMumbai. IRaje Sabha yabizwa ukuba ihlale inye imini nge 27 kweyeNovemba ukudlulisa isigqibo esigweba ukuhlasela nokuxubusha ngemilinganiselo yokhuseleko lwesizwe. Isaziso sanikwa malunga neeyure ezingama-24 ngaphambi kokuba kufike ixesha.

Ukuqiqa ngolu hlobo lokuhlala ngexesha likaxakeka, bona [[FLT: 0] PRS Legislative Research – Iintlanganiso zePalamente.

Indima kaSihlalo noMongameli

UMongameli waseIndiya yintloko yomgaqo-siseko obiza, iprorogues, kunye needilesi zombini izindlu. Kwintlanganiso ezikhethekileyo, uMongameli angakhetha ukubiza ikhompathimente entsha okanye isikhumbuzo esibalulekileyo. Noko ke, uMongameli akanakulwamkela izicelo ukuba iKhabhinethi iyacebisa, ngaphandle kwakwiimeko ezinqabileyo apho icebiso lingafanelaniyo nemigaqo-mthetho.

USihlalo weRaje Sabha (uMphathi-Mphathi) uqhelisela ubulumko obubalulekileyo ngexesha lentlanganiso ezikhethekileyo. USihlalo:

  • Isigqibo kubuchule bentshukumo yokuhlala ekhethekileyo phantsi koMthetho 5A.
  • Inganqumamisa imithetho eqhelekileyo yoshishino (umz., qaphela amaxesha) phantsi koMthetho 267 ukwenza kube lula ingxoxo engxamisekileyo.
  • Igcina ucwangco kwaye ingayifudusa indlu ukuba uphazamiseko luyenzeka---a sisiganeko esingaqhelekanga kwintlanganiso ezikhethekileyo ezishushu.
  • Ikhokela inkqubo yokuvota ize ivakalise imiphumo.

Engekho uSihlalo, uSekela-sihlalo uyawongamela. Ukuba zombini azikho, iNdlu ikhetha uSihlalo phakathi kwamalungu ayo, ukuba kuhlale loo nto.

Imida Nemiqobo

Nangona kulula ukubhetyebhetye, iintlanganiso ezikhethekileyo neentlanganiso zongxamiseko ziphantsi kwemiqathango ebalulekileyo:

  • Imida edityanisiweyo: Inqaku 85 nemithetho ayinakuguqulelwa. Umzekelo, intlanganiso ekhethekileyo ayinakusetyenziswa ukudlulisa irekhodi efuna impapasho yangaphambili kwi Gazette (efana nokulungiswa komgaqo-siseko) ngaphandle kokulandela amaqondo achaziweyo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Impinda yeJudicial [: INkundla ePhakamileyo yaseIndiya ibambelele kwelokuba amandla okufuna isenzo sezobupolitika, kodwa akukhuselekanga ngokupheleleyo ekuhloleni ikomiti ukuba kuboniswa ukuba ukubizwa kwe-darafide okanye ukuphula amalungelo asisiseko (umz., ngokomnqanda ngabom intlanganiso ukunqanda ukuvota intembelo). Kwimeko ye- i-Special Reference No.1 ka-2002 [ingqungquthela] [ingquthela]] (ingqungquthela yeGara), iphinda kwakhona ukubaluleka kweproccommental recual revoration.
  • [[FLT: 0] Amathuba amatsha . Ngelixesha iintlanganiso zikaxakeka zivumela isaziso esifutshane, imithetho ifuna ukuba ucwangciso ludityaniswe namalungu ubuncinane iiyure ezimbalwa phambi kokuhlala. Ukungaphumeleli ukwenza njalo kungakhokelela kucelomngeni kwisiseko sobulungisa bendalo.
  • [[NTLA] Quorum neNdlela: Ukuba iNdlu ayinaso imodule (engaphantsi kwama-25 amalungu), uSihlalo kufuneka afake inxaxheba. Oku kuye kwenzeka ngamanye amaxesha kwiintlanganiso ezikhethekileyo xa amaqela aphikisanayo ekhatyiwe. Ukongeza, amalungu abotshelelwe ngemithetho yehambo; ukuziphatha okungalungelelaniyo kungakhokelela ekusubeni.
  • Agenda Imida yoMthetho: Intlanganiso ekhethekileyo ayinakuguqulelwa kwintlanganiso jikelele. Ukuba urhulumente uzama ukuzisa ishishini elingahambelaniyo, amalungu angaphakamisa iingongoma zocwangco phantsi koMthetho 243. Usihlalo unegunya lokuvala ingxoxo kwizinto ezichaziweyo.
  • [[NTL:0] Ukuhlahlela: Emva kwentlanganiso eyodwa, uMongameli ukhupha umyalelo wokususwa. Oku kuphelisa intlanganiso; naliphi na ishishini elingagqitywanga ngaphandle kokuba lithwaliswe ngqo (kwintlanganiso ezikhethekileyo). Oku kuyaphikisana nento efihlwayo isono, okugcina intlanganiso iphila.

Imizekelo Engokwembali Yeentlanganiso Ezikhethekileyo Nezamanqam

Izihlandlo eziliqela ezikhethekileyo zibonisa ubuchule bokwenza inqwelo - moya nokubaluleka kwayo:

  • Intlanganiso yexesha likaxakeka : Emva kokubhengezwa kwemeko kaxakeka yesizwe ngomhla wama-25 Juni 1975, intlanganiso ekhethekileyo yePalamente yaququzelelwa ngoJulayi 1975 ukuphinda isaziso phantsi kweGatya 352. Intlanganiso yaba mfutshane, kwaye ucwangciso lwalinganiselwa ekuvumeni kwesigqibo songxamiseko.
  • Intlanganiso e Kashmir[FL:1]: Emva kohlaselo lwe 13 Disemba 2001 kwiPalamente, intlanganiso ekhethekileyo yazo zombini Iindlu yabizwa ngo-14 Disemba ukudlulisa isigqibo esigweba ukuhlasela nokuxubusha ngokhuseleko lwesizwe. Intlanganiso yayikufutshane nenkxaso karhulumente.
  • Intlanganiso ekhethekileyo ye AP Reorganing: IRajiya Sabba yaba nentlanganiso ekhethekileyo ngo17-18 Februwari 2014 ukudlulisa iAndra Pradesh Reorganiation Bill, eyadala i-Tengayana. Intlanganiso yadlulelwa ngaphaya kwekhalenda eqhelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukudluliswa, inikwe ingqwalasela yezopolitiko.
  • [[NTLT: 0] Intlanganiso ezikhethekileyo kwiNqanawa yamabhinqa: IPalamente yaba nentlanganiso ekhethekileyo yosuku lwesihlanu ukususela ngo18-22 kuSeptemba 2023 kwisakhiwo sePalamente entsha. Le ntlanganiso yayithetha kwaye yadlulisela iNari Shakza Vandan Addoniyam (ISipheko soMvuselo wabafazi) ngokuxhasa okukhulu, kodwa kwakhona iquka ezinye izinto zemithetho ezifana noMphathi-Mphathi-mikhosi weSikhulu. Lo cwangciso lwaba luphawuleka ngokuba luqala kwisakhiwo esitsha kunye nocwangciso olubanzi lwangaphambi kweseko.

Ubalo-maxesha olunenkcukacha lwentlanganiso ze Raje Sabha, tyelela i [[FLT: 0] i-Official Rajiya Sabba Website.

Impembelelo ekusebenzeni koMgaqo-siseko nokuQinisekisa

Iintlanganiso ezikhethekileyo kunye neentlanganiso zongxamiseko zisebenza iinjongo ezimbini: zinceda urhulumente ukuba enze ngokukhawuleza kwiimeko ezinzima, kodwa zikwanika iqonga lokuhlola inkcaso. Umzekelo, intlanganiso eyodwa ebizwa ukuba idlulise ityala elibalulekileyo lemali ivumela iRajiya Sabha ukuba ihlole amalungiselelo ayo phambi kwemvume, kwanaphantsi koxinzelelo lwexesha. Ucwangciso olucinezelweyo ludla kuthetha ukuba ukuhlolwa kuncitshiswe ``a' ukurhweba- ngaphandle kwesantya kunye nokuhlola. Abagxeki baphikisa ukuba maxa wambi oorhulumente basebenzisa kakubi iintlanganiso ezikhethekileyo ukudlula kwiinkqubo eziqhelekileyo zemithetho, ingakumbi xa iqela elilawulayo lingenayo inkoliso kwi-Rajiya Sabraha. Kodwa, imfuneko ye-Squarum kunye nobuchule bamalungu bokwenza ulungiso lokuphakamisa iingongoma zocwangco.

Ububhetyebhetye bukwaxhasa ukuphendula ngokwedemokhrasi. Iintlanganiso zexesha likaxakeka ziqinisekisa ukuba imvume yepalamente ifunyanwa kwizenzo ezilawulayo ezifana nokubeka uMthetho kaMongameli phantsi kweGatya 356 (ekufuneka ivunywe zizo zombini iinyanga ezimbini). Ngaphandle kobuchule bokuhlanganisa ngokukhawuleza, igosa eliphetheyo lingasebenza ngaphandle kokungajongwa ngumthetho kangangexesha elide, lisehlisa umgaqo wembopheleleko yeqela.

Ingqikelelo Yendlela yokuthelekisa: Intlanganiso Ezikhethekileyo Kwenye Izindlu Eziphezulu

Ukuthelekisa okufutshane nezinye iinkqubo ze-bidamaral kugxininisa indlela yokuhamba kwe-Indiya. KuManyeneyo uMgaqo-siseko, iNdlu yeNkosi inokukhunjulwa ngexesha lokuphumla nguMphathi-mikhosi ngesicelo sikarhulumente soshishino olungxamisekileyo, njengesenzo somkhosi. EUnited States, iNdlu yeNtsimbi inokuthi ibizwe kwintlanganiso ekhethekileyo nguMongameli phantsi kweGatya II, iCandelo lesithathu loMgaqo-siseko. Inkqubo ye-Indiya isondelelene nomzekelo we-UK, kunye nomphathi (ngoMongameli) ophethe umgangatho oyintloko, kodwa ngelungu elikhethekileyo elinomdla phantsi koMthetho 5A ovumela abambalwa ukuba bafune ukuhlaliswa okukhethekileyo. Eli lungiselelo, nangona lingafane lisetyenziswe ngempumelelo, liphawu oluphawulekayo lwenkqubo ye-Palamentinalday

Uhlalutyo lothelekiso lweenkqubo zepalamente, bona I-Parliament Union – Parline Isiseko sogcino-lwazi[[FLT: 1].

Imizekelo Nezenzo Ezifanelekileyo

Ngokusekelwe kwimbali, kuye kwavela iindlela eziliqela ezifanelekileyo zokuqinisekisa ukuba iintlanganiso ezikhethekileyo ziphumeza injongo yazo ngaphandle kokudiza izithethe zepalamente:

  • [[UMTL:0] Isaziso kumalungu: Kwanakwiintlanganiso zikaxakeka, ubuncinane beeyure ezimbalwa bufanele kunikezelwe, kunye nombhalo ocwangcisiweyo, ukuvumela inxaxheba enolwazi.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Strict Ukulandelelana ku Agenda: USihlalo kufuneka anyanzelise umthetho wokuba izinto ezichaziweyo kuphela ziqwalaselwe, ukunqanda intlanganiso ekubeni yingxoxo eqhelekileyo.
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Ulawulo lwexesha: Ukusetyenziswa kwemida yexesha, njengoko kucetyiswa yiKomiti ye-Business Advisory, kuqinisekisa ukuba iNdlu igqibezela ishishini layo ngaphandle kokwalula ngokungeyomfuneko ukuhlala.
  • [[NTLA: 0] Ingxelo ekhutshiweyo : Irekhodi ezipheleleyo zeentlanganiso ezikhethekileyo zipapashwa kwi Rajiya Sabha Iingxoxo kwaye zibalulekile ekubhekiseni kwimbali nasemthethweni. Ukugcinwa kwamanani kwezi mpikiswano kuphucule unikezelo `````````````''''' Ithala leencwadi le projekti'''. [[FLT: 3]]

Isiphelo

The procedures for Rajya Sabha’s special sessions and emergency meetings represent a carefully calibrated balance between executive authority, parliamentary flexibility, and constitutional safeguards. Rooted in Article 85 and fleshed out by the Rules of Procedure, these mechanisms allow India’s upper house to address urgent national matters without waiting for the regular calendar. The authority to summon rests with the President on Cabinet advice, but members also possess a statutory right to demand a special sitting. Emergency meetings, though rare, demonstrate the system’s ability to respond to crises within hours while maintaining a minimum level of democratic deliberation. Limitations—such as quorum requirements, agenda restrictions, and judicial oversight—prevent abuse. As India’s parliamentary democracy evolves, the use of these procedures will continue to be a litmus test for the government’s commitment to legislative propriety and responsive governance. Students and practitioners alike should master these rules, for they are the bedrock of crisis management in the world’s largest democracy.