Ukwazisa: Iintsika Ezibini Zesivumelwano Esihle NgoLwesihlanu

IGood Wear Adventine, eyatyikitywa ngo-10 April 1998, imela njengenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezivumelanayo ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Yaphelisa iminyaka engamashumi amathathu yemfazwe yogonyamelo eMntla Ireland eyaziwa ngokuba ziiNtlan- Ireland, ixesha elabulala abantu abangama-3 500 kwaye lashiya iinxeba ezinzulu. Nangona iSivumelwano sisoloko sibhiyozelwa ngenxa yecandelo laso eliziindawo ezininzi, kwaye sibhiyoliswa ngemisebenzi yaso yecawa yamaqela amaqela asekuhlaleni, kwaye amaqela amaqela esizwe, kwanolwazi olubanzi lwemisebenzi yawo enyanzelekileyo, kanye nendima yerepubliblican Sin Féin, kunye nemisebenzi yoorhulumente base-Ireland, yaye ihlala iqinile. Basebenza njengeengcaciso yesivumelwano esinyanzelweyo somsebenzi wolawulo, kunye noncedo lwemibutho ngalinye lolawulo lwazomthetho, kunye noncedo lwabo.

Urhulumente wase-Britani nowase-Ireland wazisa iimpahla ezahlukeneyo zembali, iimbono zomgaqo-siseko, kunye neenkqubano zomthetho-siseko etafileni yokuxoxa. Urhulumente waseBritane, njengomlawuli olawulayo eNyakatho Ireland, kwakufuneka alawule ukhuseleko, ubupolisa, kunye nekamva lomGaqo-siseko wommandla. Urhulumente wase-Ireland, nento yakhe esekelwe ngokwemigaqo-siseko kwisiqithi sonke sase-Ireland phantsi kweMigaqo 2 ne-3, kwafuneka abonise ukuzinikela kwawo ekufumaneni iindlela zolawulo-demokhrasi zoxolo loluntu, ngoxa wona omabini ayenosuke abelana usukelo olusisiseko: isizinziso, i-Northern Ireland, apho bonke abantu babenokuhlala bengenalo lwentlonelo. Intsebenziswano yabo yayingentle, kodwa yaxhaswa kukuvumana ukuba ukufikelela komanyano olunolwayo.

Isivumelwano ngokwaso siluxwebhu oluntsonkothileyo oluquka "iintsika" ezintathu: Strand 1 (iinkqubo zaseMntla-ntshona Ireland), iStrand 2 (amaqumrhu aseMzantsi) neStrand 3 (amaqumrhu aseMpuma-West adibanisa iziqithi ezibini). Omabini oorhulumente babebandakanyeke kakhulu kuzo zontathu, kodwa olona mnikelo wabo wawukwiStrand 3, ukuseka [[FLT: 0]] iBritish-I-Inter Comference kunye neBrish Countment [[FLT:]-ish Countmentsl [[FLT]]]. La maqela asunguliweyo aqhubeka nokulawula intlalo-lunyelo, sihlolisisa indima nganye yophanganiso lwawo rhulumente, kunye noluvo lwawo lobuchule.

Indima Karhulumente WaseBritani

Urhulumente waseBritane, okhokelwa yiNkulumbuso uTony Blair ukususela ngowe-1997, wazisa etafileni ukuvuma ukuvuselela ulwalamano lwayo noMntla Ireland. Oku kwafuna ukutshintshwa okusisiseko kusuka kumthetho othe ngqo ukuya kummandla owehlayo ohlonela iminqweno yombutho kunye nowesizwe. Ukuzinikela kweBritane kwiSivumelwano kwasekelwa yimimandla emininzi yemigaqo-siseko engundoqo.

Ukusebenzisana kunye nokucima imililo

Mhlawumbi umnikelo karhulumente waseBritane okhawulezileyo wawudala iimeko zokuphelisa iintetho eziququzelelayo. Umkhosi wangowe1994 wasebenza ngokungakhathali ukuphelisa imililo (eqala nge-IRA, ngoko ngamaqela anyanisekileyo) wawubuthathaka, kwaye ukudilika komlilo wokuqala ngo1996 (iCanary Warf) kwabonisa indlela elula ngayo inkqubo yokuphelisa ukudubulana. Urhulumente waseBritane wasebenza ngokungakhathali ukubuyisela yonke imililo nokuzisa wonke amaqela etafileni. Ukumiswa kwangaphambili kwe-US Senator George Mitchell njengesihlalo esizimeleyo seentetho ngomphambili eBritani (nase-Ireland). Urhulumente wenza isigqibo esinzima: ayizange inyanzele phambili i-IRA i-IRom yokungenisa izixhobo njengendawo yokungena kwe-Fenin, kodwa wangqinwa ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo wokuqhuba inkqubela. Oku kusetyenziswa kwe-prigamed kusetyenziswa ngu-Genep kusetyenziswa (um) kunye neMisting (ell) (ellsss) ngokusetyenziswa kwe-moduractive, ngokungekho mninzi.

Utshintsho LomGaqo-siseko Nomgaqo Wokuvumelana

Kumaqumrhu amaqumrhu, isiqinisekiso sikarhulumente waseBritane se-Urreland yomGaqo-siseko waseMntla Ireland sathi samandla. Isivumelwano sayifaka ngokungqalileyo i- i-prinsip yemvume[: ukuba ukuma kwe-Northern Ireland njengenxalenye ye-UK bekuya kutshintsha ukuba uninzi lwabantu bayo bebophele kwi-arententeum ukudibanisa i-Ireland. Ngalo ndlela urhulumente waseBritane wakwandula ukumisela umthetho wakhe wesiseko (*) i-Northern Ireland Act (*) ukunikezela isiphumo soku. Yakwenza ukutshintsha okungoko kungoko ngokubhekiselele nto ngokuthi uRhulumente wase-Ireland u-202020, lungasayi kungeneki ukutshintsha kwemithetho yelizwe eliselulawulo olumanyeneyo olumanyeneyo. Ngalo ndlela leyo iBritane yayiza kukuthi i-R. Ngaloodtle i-odt .

Utshintsho Nokurhoxa Kokhuseleko

Enye yezona ndawo zichukumisekayo yayilukhuseleko. Urhulumente waseBritane walawula utshintsho olukhulu lweRoyal Ulster Constabulary (RUC), eyayiyi-Protestanti ngokugqwalaza kwaye ijongwe ngokukrokrela okunzulu ngabalawuli besizwe. IKhomishini yePatten, emiselwe njengenxalenye yesivumelwano, wancomela ukuba igqityeze i-arhente epheleleyo. RUC yaziwa kwakhona iSebe leNkonzo yamapolisa eNyakatho yase-Ireland (PSTAbulary), iBhodi entsha yePricia ekwayilwe nge-ummunity, kwaye imilinganiselo yaziswa ukuba yandise ubukhomanisi bobuKatolika. Urhulumente waseBritane wakwaye wanikela ukuba i- ivume umkhosi owenziwe ngokusemthethweni, yaye umkhosi wanceda umkhosi oqhelekileyo. Nangona i-Ccomnn-ediat provingsssss (ied) wakwayo nyaka wama-2005959, i-2004%, i-2004% watsho

Indaleko Nendibano Yasemntla Ireland

Ukudalwa kweNgqungquthela yaseMntla Ireland kunye noLawulo oluPhezulu yayiyintsebenziswano yezopolitiko yasemakhaya yeStrand 1. Urhulumente waseBritane wayila ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezisekelwe kumandla-kuxhasa amaqela amaqela omanyano kunye nawobuzwe. Ngokuthe ngqo, le nkqubo isebenzisa inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba [ imvume-i-'Actal okanye umqulu-unityv-vvation [, ithetha ukuba izigqibo ezingundoqo zifuna inkxaso yoninzi kubo bonke abameli bomanyano kunye nabameli besizwe. Urhulumente waseBritane wasebenzisa indima yokuba “ukuyeka emva kwecala” – ukuba idevoddid mentad admentmentment (njengoko maxesha amaninzi alandela amashumi eminyaka), uNovelty we-Rgypt ka-Great-Great train-preadornform, ingulkt yengul-east trad ye-Rorg

Indima Karhulumente WaseIreland

Urhulumente wase-Ireland, okokuqala phantsi kweTaoisseach Bertie Ahern ukususela ngowe-1997, wenza igalelo elinzulu ngokulinganayo. KwiRiphabliki yaseIreland, iSivumelwano sasifuna ukuba kuphinde kubonwe umGaqo-siseko wayo kwaye kufuneke ivumelwano ngokupheleleyo norhulumente waseBritani njengeqabane elilinganayo kwinkqubo yoxolo.

Amatyala omGaqo-siseko noMthetho oGqeba 2 no-3

Mhlawumbi olona tshintsho lubalulekileyo lunye lubalulekileyo ukusuka kwicala lase-Ireland yayilutshintsho lweZigaba 2 kunye nezi-3 zomGaqo-siseko wase-Ireland. La manqaku ayezibanga enegunya phezu kwesiqithi sonke sase-Ireland, ingcamango eyayisicaphukisa kakhulu kubantu abamanyanisayo kunye nesikhubekiso nayiphi na indawo yokuhlala. Kwi-avensum eyayimi ngosuku olunye njengendawo ye-Northern Ireland edintentedum (22 Meyi 1998), abantu base-Ireland bavotele ukutshintsha ezo zinto ngefomu entsha ekwamkele ilungelo labantu baseNorthern Ireland lokuba bazibonele ngokwabo kwaye bavume. ISicwangciso esitsha sithi i-Irland simanyaniswe kuphela ngokuvumela ngoxolo abantu abaninzi abaphantsi kolawulo. Le nkqubo yayisekade yamkeleka ngomqondiso we-Rrish, ithetha ukuba i-Rrish i-odver ingumlawuli elungeleneyo.

Intsebenziswano yeStrand 2 neyoMntla-Zantsi

Isivumelwano saseka iBhunga loMandulo-Mzantsi woMmandla wase-Ireland (NSMC) kunye noluhlu lwemida edityanisiweyo edibanisa iindawo ezinjengezorhwebo, ezokhenketho, ezothutho, ezolimo, kunye nemekobume. Urhulumente wase-Ireland wadlala indima ephambili ekuphuhliseni la maqumrhu, eyanikela inkcazo eluncedo kwi-Universentialism emanyanisiweyo kodwa esebenzayo, kwisiseko sentsebenziswano. I-NSMC idibana kwiifom-mfono ezahlukeneyo (indawo ezidityani, icandelo, izakhiwo zezakhiwo, kunye nezibambiso) yaye idityaniswe ngabefundisi abasuka kumacala omabini. Urhulumente wase-Ireland wanikela inkxaso ephawulekayo kwimisebenzi engoko kuxokelelwano. Umqatha we-North-South yayiyimeko engundoqo eyanceda ukuthengisa izivumelwano kumazwe amazwe asekuhlaleni, ebonisa ukuba ukungenelelana kwe-Riphabliki kumazwe akunakungeneleli mazwe kodwa i-ogromenti yezoburhulumente-ntle.

Ukulawulwa Kwamalungelo Abantu Nokulingana

Oorhulumente base-Ireland bakudala behlalutyile ingxelo karhulumente wase-Britani yamalungelo abantu e-Northern Ireland, ingakumbi ngexesha leMibango (umz., ukuvalwa kwetyala), iinkundla ze-Diplock). Ngexesha lengxoxo, urhulumente wase-Ireland wanyanzelisa amalungelo abantu anamandla kunye nenkqubo yokulingana. Oku kwakhokelela ekudalweni kwamalungelo abantu eMntla Ireland kunye neKhomishoni yokungalingani yaMantla-ntle yase-Ireland. Isivumelwano safuna ukuba urhulumente wase-Britani afake i-Convention on Human Rights kwi-Northern Ireland (enze yanwebe i-elele kwimithetho ye-UK). Urhulumente wase-Ireland uqhube urhulumente we-Rhulumenterrite ka-N (njengoko ethembisiweyo kwi-Adrograndl kodwa engasayi kuze iqhubele urhulumente kwinkqubo yokulungisa i-Rrish kwinkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho, kuquka ne-Putustman ebandakanya ne-Oud.

Ukuthelekisa namaRiphabliki

Ngoxa urhulumente waseBritane wagcina ukudibana ngqo neinkokeli zerepublic, urhulumente wase-Ireland ngokufuthi wasebenza njengommeli obalulekileyo, ingakumbi ekwakukholeleka okuqinileyo kombutho weriphabliki. Ukuqonda okunzulu kukarhulumente wase-Ireland izikhalo zoluntu kunye nenkxaso yakhe engokwembali kumabanjwa amanyeneyo ase-Ireland kwayenza yathembeka ukuba urhulumente wase-Britani angabikho. Yayingurhulumente wase-Ireland owanyanzelela ukuba kubekho [[FLT: 0] iimeko zentolongo kunye [FLT:] kunye nokukhululwa kwawo kuqala kwamabanjwa angamaRGURGUP athenjiweyo] njengenxalenye yesivumelwano sesivumelwano, ekubona oku njengokuzisa i-riphabliki ngokupheleleyo kwi-politistiki. Oku kwakudityaniswa kakhulu, kodwa urhulumente wase-Ireland wafuna ukuba kubekho iingozi ezibugrogriti (ipt) kunye nama-Riphabliki omabini asebenzisa umthetho othembekileyo (othe .G.G.ideant) kunye nomthetho wase-Estrian)

Imigudu edityanisiweyo nezindululo zesivumelwano

Oorhulumente baseBritani nabaseIreland abazange bade benze into efanayo; baseka amaziko ahlala ehleli ukuze basebenzisane ngokufanelekileyo ukuze baqhubeke belawula ulwalamano phakathi kwezi ziqithi zimbini.

Ingqungquthela yeBritane eManyeneyo (BIIGC)

Eli qumrhu lihlanganisa abalungiseleli abasuka koorhulumente bobabini ukuze baxubushe izinto ezingahlukaniyo kwiNdibano yaseMntla Ireland, enjengokhuseleko, ulawulo, kunye nokusesikweni (de loo magunya ancitshiswe ngowe-1950). I-BIIGC isebenza phantsi komgaqo wokuba urhulumente wase-Ireland uyakwazi ukuphakamisa imibandela enxulumene noluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe kwaye urhulumente waseBritani uza kuqwalasela ngokupheleleyo. Ithathel' indawo iBhunga elidala le-Anglo-Irish Interbacybian (lasungulwe ngo 1985) kwaye ingumbutho osisigxilo nentsebenziswano. I-BIGC idiye yadibana rhoqo kwana ngexesha lemicimbi yezopoliti yezopolitiko eNyakatho-Ireland, iqinisekisa ukuba incoko yakudala phakathi koorhulumente akuzange iqheke ngokupheleleyo.

IBhunga laseBritani (iBHAYIBHILE)

Also known as the “Council of the Isles,” the BIC includes representatives from the British and Irish governments, the devolved administrations of Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, plus the Isle of Man, Jersey, and Guernsey (the Crown Dependencies). It meets twice a year, rotating locations, and discusses areas of common interest such as energy, transport, health, and the environment. The BIC is a tangible symbol of the new cooperative relationship, transcending the old focus on Northern Ireland’s constitutional status. It has fostered practical collaboration on issues like renewable energy grids and shared approaches to climate change, proving that the Good Friday Agreement’s reach extends far beyond Northern Ireland.

Abaxhasi Besivumelwano

Mhlawumbi indima ebalulekileyo yeqela elidibeneyo kukuba oorhulumente baseBritane nabase-Ireland bangama-20] amaqela alo lonke isivumelwano. Oorhulumente bobabini banembopheleleko yokuxhasa ukuthembeka kwawo onke amalungiselelo. Oku kuthetha ukuba basebenza kunye xa iqela elinye okanye uluntu lusongela ukuphelisa inkqubo yoxolo. Umzekelo, ngo2017-2020, xa iNdibano yasemntla Ireland yamiswa iminyaka emithathu, yaba ngurhulumente waseBritane nowase-Ireland owathethana iNdlukwano ye-“Eshumi elinamashumi amathathu, entsha ye-Aatroe" isebenza kunye nokubuyisela amandla-. Iintetho zabo ezidibanisiweyo zidla ngokumisela imibandela yezopolitiki. Olu manyano lwavavanywa kakhulu nguBrexit, kodwa luye lwaxhathisa kakhulu. I-oorhulumente ababini balawula i-FOctive [2] kwi-Ntrust [3] i-Admignesssions) [5] i-FF) kunye ne-Admigneodsssss , i-off.[4] i-od sy

Ucelomngeni Nendima Eqhubekayo

Isivumelwano seGood Wear Agunt asilulo uxwebhu oluzinzileyo; kufuneka lulungiswe ngokuqhubekayo. Urhulumente waseBritani nowase-Ireland uye wajamelana nocelomngeni oluninzi ukususela ngowe-1998, ngamnye enyanzelisa ukuba alungelelanise iindima zakhe.

Ukuxinana kweNtloko yePfter-Br exit kunye nemithetho yokuziphatha

Ukuhamba kwe-United Kingdom kwi-European Union kwadala eyona ngxaki inzima kwisivumelwano kwimbali yayo. Imithetho yokuziphatha yasemntla Ireland (ngoku iSidama esithenjiweyo), exoxwe phakathi kwe-UK ne-EU, ngokuyintloko igcine i-Urland iphakathi kwe-Roter Union ye-EU, ikwindawo enye yentengiso yemfuzakhono ze-EUU, ukuze iphephe ime izinto ezinzima kwisiqithi sase-Ireland. Oku kwadala imiqobo entsha yezorhwebo phakathi kwe-Great Britain ne-Northern Ireland, eyathi ijongenelo phantsi komgaqo wemvume nengqibelelo ye-UK. Urhulumente waseBritane, eneempetho ye-RGreat, yafumanisa ukuba ikwindawo ephikisanayokubandakanyeleneyo, ngexesha elininzi lwe-Sponjiko. Noko ke, i-Aston eninzi yalenza i-Arrentshi yoxolo.

Imfuneko Eqhubekayo Yentsebenziswano

Ngaphaya kweBrexit, aba rhulumente babini bajongene nocelomngeni oluqhubekayo: beqhubana neemeko ezilifa ezisuka kwiiNtlekele (iiNtshutshiso, iimibuzo, uMthetho omtsha weSibonelelo), bebhekisa kwimisebenzi yasemkhosini (nakuba inciphile kakhulu), bexhasa imfundo edityanisiweyo nezindlu, kwaye beqinisekisa ukuhambela phambili kwezoqoqosho zaseNorthern Ireland. URhulumente waManyano lwemali enxulumeneyo, njengolu hlobo Imali yesiqithi edityanisiweyo[ [iindlela ezikhoyo] (ixhaswe yi-Ireland) kunye nonxibelelwano lwazo lwe-Interern Ireland, kunye nolawulo lwazo zonke eziqhelekileyo.

Isiphelo

IGood Wear Advement yayingeyomveliso yeqela elinye okanye urhulumente omnye. Yayiyimpumelelo edibeneyo eyayifuna ukubona okungaqhelekanga, ukulalanisa, nenkalipho yezobupolitika kubadlali abaninzi. Noko ke, oorhulumente base-Britani nabase-Ireland badlala indima eyahlukileyo kubo bonke abanye: babengamaquluneli besakhiwo sequmrhu, abaxhasi bemibutho, abaphumezeli bemibutho yabo, nabameli bokhuphiswano lwabo lwezopolitiko. Urhulumente waseBritani walungiselela ulungele ulungelelwano olungaqhelekanga kunye nokhuseleko olufunekayo ukuze kuhlalwe ubuzwe, ngoxa urhulumente wase-Ireland washiya intengo epheleleyo ekwakheni ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso sobuzwilaphini. Bakhanye, bakha imikhosi ye-BICC, i-NSC, i-BC, i-BC. Impumelelo ye-Ireland i-Internentinentine, i-Arentine, ingumali elungele ukungeneka koxolo lwawonke, kwaye i-enye i-engulo olukhoyo, umanyano lwama nyaka-e, umanyano lwawo