Ukulungisa kunye nelizwe kungunobangela wokuyila nokuphuhlisa. Kubanini bempahla, abanikazi bezindlu, abathengi bezindlu, nabaphuhlisi, ukuqonda le mithetho akuyomfuneko ngokuzikhethela, kuyimfuneko. Ukuphambuka ngeendawo kungamisa iprojekthi, ukuxhobisa, okanye ukunyanzela ukususwa kwezakhiwo. Abahlali, ukubumba umgangatho wengingqi, ukuphembelela yonke into ukusuka kwimilinganiselo yezithuthi ukuya kumaxabiso empahla.

Lo myalelo ubalaseleyo uhlolisisa isiseko sokuhlala nokwenza umhlaba usebenzise imithetho, uchaza indlela osebenza ngayo, yaye unikela amanyathelo anokusetyenziswa ukuze uhambe kuwo kwindawo ohlala kuyo.

Yintoni Imithetho Esetyenziswa Kukuzilungisa Nakumazwe?

Imithetho yokuzimela yimithetho yasekuhlaleni eyahlula umasipala kwisithili okanye kumacandelo amiselweyo. Ummandla ngamnye ufika nemithetho ethile ekhethekileyo elawula oko kunokwenziwa nendlela umhlaba onokuthi usetyenziswe ngayo. Ilizwe lisebenzisa umthetho obanzi oquka ulawulo lokwahlula kunye neminye imithetho efana nolwahlulo, ukhuseleko lwemekobume, kunye nemithetho engokokongameleyo.

Usukelo oluphambili lokuhlala nokusebenzisa imithetho luquka:

  • Impilo entle nokhuseleko: iyahlula imisebenzi engahambelaniyo, efana nokususa imizi - mveliso kwizikolo nezibhedlele.
  • Ukwanda okuthe ngqo: ukukhusela inkqubela-phambili engacwangciswanga ebangela iziseko zolwazi.
  • [[Umthetho:0] Iproperty khusi lwexabiso: Ingenelo yokuba ukusebenzisa ummelwane akuwachaphazeli kakubi amaxabiso asekhaya.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Abaphathi bolwazi: Ukukhusela iindawo ezingamaxhakaxhaka, izikhukula, nezinye iindawo ezibuthathaka.

Le mithetho ikwinkulungwane yama-20 eUnited States, neNkundla ePhakamileyo iqinisekisa ubugqeba bayo kwityala lophawu lwesazinge . I-Vilellage ye-Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co. [1926]. Ukususela ngoko, i-Gontaration iye yaba sisixhobo esisezantsi kurhulumente wasekuhlaleni ngaphaya kwelizwe.

Iintlobo zeziFuno zeZoning

Ngoxa umasipala ngamnye echaza iindidi zakhe ezilawula indawo, inkoliso ilandela isakhiwo esifanayo. Ukuqonda ezi ndawo ziqhelekileyo linyathelo lokuqala ekuhloleni nayiphi na impahla.

Imimandla ehlala abantu

Imimandla ehlala abantu imiselwe izindlu.

  • [[UMHLA] Iintsapho ezihlala kwikhaya elinye (R1): amakhaya adityanisiweyo kumaqashiso. La macandelo asoloko eneemfuno zobukhulu obuncinane bobukhulu kunye nobude bokwakha obulinganiselweyo.
  • Ikhaya leentsapho elihlala abantu abangama-Mult (R-2, R-3): Ivumela i duplexes, idolophu, kunye nezakhiwo zokuhlala. Imida yeNxinity ichazwa njengeeyunithi ngehekthare nganye.
  • Indlu ezisetyenziswayo idityaniswe kwindlu: ihlanganisa indlu nendawo yentengiso okanye yentengiso, exhaphakileyo kwinkqubela-phambili yedolophali yokugcwalisa.

Iindawo zentengiso

Imimandla yezorhwebo ihlala amashishini nentengiso. Iindidi ezingaphantsi ziquka:

  • [[UMTL: 0] Urhwebo lobubanzi: Isikali esincinci esinjengeevenkile zekona kunye neevenkile zekofu.
  • [[Urhwebo:0] Jikelele:[[Urhwebo:1] Olukhulu, iivenkile zokutyela, kunye nee-ofisi.
  • Isithili soshishino lwangaphakathi (CBD): umbindi wedolophana ophezulu onezakhiwo ezide kunye nobunzima bohambo lwenyawo.

Iindawo zoshishino

Imimandla yezoshishino igcinelwe ukwenziwa, ukukhutshwa kweenqanawa, kunye neendawo zokulwa. Zibekwe kude kwindawo zokuhlala ukuze kuncitshiswe ingxolo, iitrafiki, kunye nongcoliso. Imimandla engephi yoshishino ivumela iindibano kunye nezixhobo zophando, ngoxa iindawo zoshishino ezinzima zivumela ukwenziwa kwemilinganiselo emikhulu kunye nokulayishwa.

Iingingqi zezolimo

Imimandla yezolimo ikhusela amafama kunye neempawu zasemaphandleni. Ivumela ukulima, imfuyo nemisebenzi enxulumene nayo. Ezinye iindawo zokulima zivumela ukukhula okulinganiselweyo kwendawo yokuhlala, kodwa ubukhulu obuninzi budla ngokuba bukhulu, ngokunjalo buziihektare ezili-10 okanye ngaphezulu.

Izithili ezinenjongo ezikhethekileyo

Uluntu oluninzi lukwayila isithili esikhethekileyo seenjongo ezikhethekileyo kwiimfuno ezikhethekileyo:

  • [[UMTL:0] Isithili sakudala: Ulondolozo lwelifa lokwakha olunemigaqo engqongqo yoyilo.
  • Imimandla yeFlooplain: Ithintela uphuhliso kwiindawo ezityekele ekuphuphumeni kwamanzi.
  • uphuhliso lweyunithi oludityanisiweyo (PUD): Vumela ukuhlaliswa okuthambileyo kwemiqathango emikhulu yesekhi edityanisiweyo yemisebenzi edityanisiweyo nemvume exoxweyo.

Indlela Imithetho Yokuzilolonga Eluchaphazela Ngayo Uphuhliso Lwezinto

Imithetho yokubhula idlulela ngaphaya kokuchaza nje ukuba eli lizwe lelezindlu. Ibeka imilinganiselo echaza ngqo into onokuyakha nendlela onokuyisebenzisa ngayo impahla yakho.

Ukwakha Ubungakanani, Ubude Nemiqobo

Isithili ngasinye esihlala iquka iimfuno zomlinganiselo:

  • IMimiselo: Umgama omncinci isakhiwo kufuneka sibe yimigca yempahla, izitrato, okanye ezinye izinto. Icala, icala, kunye nodano lwangasemva luyahluka ngokwesithili.
  • Umlinganiselo wobude obuphezulu: Ubukhulu bobude bokwakha, obudla ngokuboniswa kwiinyawo okanye kumabali.
  • [[NTLA] Umlinganiselo we-FOOR (FAR): Umlinganiselo wommandla womgangatho wokwakha wonke kubungakanani obuninzi. Umlinganiselo we-FAR ka-2.0 kwi-10 000-square-inyawo uthetha ukuba ungakha ukuya kutsho kwiskweri ezingamashumi amabini amawaka eenyawo zesithuba somgangatho, esabelwe ngapha nangapha kwemiba emininzi.
  • Ipesenti yento eninzi enokugqunywa yizakhiwo okanye imiphandle engangenwanga.

Iimfuno Zokupakisha Nezokuhamba

Inkqubela-phambili yezorhwebo kunye neentsapho ezininzi zifunwa ukubonelela ngenani elincinane lezithuba zokupaka. Ezinye izixeko zikwanemida yokupaka ephezulu ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kothutho. Uphando lweziphumo zomthungo lungafuneka kuphuhliso olukhulu, kwaye umbhekisi phambili angacelwa ukuba ahlawulele ukuphuculwa kweendlela okanye iimpawu zeetrafiki.

Sebenzisa Imvume Nokusebenzisa Imvume Enemibandela

Ikhowudi ezininzi zokonga yenza iindidi ezintathu zosebenziso:

  • [[UMTL:0] Ivunyiwe ngasekunene: Imisebenzi evunyelwa ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba umnikezo uhlangabezana nalo lonke uxanduva nezinye iimfuno.
  • Imisebenzi yesithethe (ukungalingani): Imisebenzi efuna ukuchotshelwa nokuvunywa kwasekuhlaleni. Imizekelo iquka iicawa kwiindawo zokuhlala okanye ugcino lwemini kwiindawo zorhwebo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Imisebenzi etshitshisiweyo: Imisebenzi engavunyelwayo phantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko.

Ukutshintsha Okuqhubekayo

Ukuba indawo yakho ayihlangani nemfuneko ekhethekileyo yokubeka indawo, ungafaka isicelo sokungavumelani. Umahluko unika imvume yokuphambuka kwimithetho `umzekelo, ukwakha kufutshane nelayini yempahla kunemfuno yothintelo. Ukufumana umahluko, kufuneka ubonise ukuba uthintelo ludala ubunzima obungafanelekanga obungaqhelekanga kwimpahla yakho.

Ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa umhlaba wakho ngendlela engayivumeliyo indawo yokwakha yangoku, ungacela ulungiso lokulungisa indawo okanye ukwakhiwa kwezwe [. Le yinkqubo yomthetho efuna uvumo lwebhunga lesixeko okanye ikomishini, ngokufuthi emva koncomelo oluvela kumsebenzi wocwangciso.

Indima Yamacebo Athintela

Imithetho yokuzingela ayikho kwikhamandela. Ikhokelwe sisicwangciso esingu esingqinelanayo (ekwabizwa ngokuba sicebo jikelele okanye isicwangciso somphathi). Olu xwebhu lude luchaza umbono woluntu wokukhula kwexesha elizayo, kuquka ukusetyenziswa komhlaba, izithuthi, indawo, kunye nenkqubela yezoqoqosho. Imithetho yokulungisa mayihambisane nesicwangciso esibanzi. Ukuba ucinga ngenkqubela phambili enkulu, uqwalasela iplani ebanzi iya kukuxelela ukuba iprojelo yakho ihambelana na nosukelo lwexesha elide.

Indlela Yophando Lokufuna Ummandla Othile

Phambi kokuba uthenge umhlaba okanye uqalise iprojekthi, uphando olucokisekileyo lubalulekile. Nantsi indlela elandelanayo:

Inyathelo 1: Yazi Isithili Sokuzihlaziya

Qhagamshelana nesebe locwangciso okanye utyelele i-website kamasipala. Izixeko ezininzi zinika iimaphu ze-intanethi apho unokungena khona kwidilesi yakho uze ubone isibhengezo sesithili. Bhala phantsi ikhowudi echanileyo yokuhlala, efana ne-"R-1A" okanye "C-2.

Inyathelo 2: Funda isalathisi sokuzihlaziya

Fumana icandelo lekhowudi kamasipala ehambelana nesithili sakho. Umthetho uza kukhankanya:

  • Imvume yokusetyenziswa kwemiqathango.
  • Imfuno ezidityanisiweyo (iisiqalo, ubude, iFAR).
  • Umgangatho wokulungisa nokulungisa izityalo.
  • Imimiselo yemiqondiso.

Inyathelo 3: Khangela izithili ezithe tyaba

Iphondo elilayishiweyo longeza imithetho eyongezelelekileyo phezulu kwesiseko sommandla. Ulwaleko oluqhelekileyo luquka:

  • Ugcino lwemiboniso yemiboniso ye-Historic: Lufuna uhlolo loyilo lotshintsho lwangaphandle.
  • Floaplain ngaphaya kolwaleko: Ifuna iziqinisekiso zonyuso kunye nokukhusela isikhukula.
  • [[UMTL:0] Izalathiso ezingaphezulu: ukhusela imisinga, amathambeka aphakamileyo, okanye indawo yokuhlala yezilwanyana zasendle.

Inyathelo lesi - 4: Thetha Nabasebenzi

Imithetho yokuzibophelela isenokuba mininzi kwaye ididane. Abasebenzi besebe lokucwangcisa bangaphendula imibuzo, bachaze iinkqubo, kunye ne-flagi esenokuba yingxaki kwangoko. Ukwakha ulwalamano oluhle naba basemagunyeni kukusetyenziswa kakuhle kwexesha lakho.

Iingxaki Eziqhelekileyo Nendlela Yokuzicombulula

Kwanabanini-mpahla abakhutheleyo bangena kwiingxaki. Nalu olunye lwezona ngxaki zixhaphakileyo:

Ukusetyenziswa Okungaguqukiyo

U [[NTL:0] umsebenzi wokungaguquleli ngokomthetho kusetyenziswa okusemthethweni xa kwakumiselwe kodwa kungasavunyelwa phantsi kwendawo ekhoyo. Umzekelo, ivenkile encinane yezondyebo kwisithili esiye saphinda sabhalwa ukusetyenziswa kweendawo zokuhlala. Imithetho emininzi ivumela ukusetyenziswa kokungatshintshi ukuqhubekeka, kodwa inokuthintela ulwandiso, ukwakhiwa kwakhona emva kwentlekele, okanye ukusebenza emva kwexesha lokulahla.

Ukwaphula umthetho

Ukwakha ngaphandle kwemvume okanye ukusebenzisa indawo ngendlela echasene nekhowudi yokuhlawulisa imimandla kungaphumela ekuhlawuleni, kwimiyalelo yokumisa, nakwisenzo somthetho. Ukuba ufumana isaziso sokwaphula umthetho, musa ukusityeshela. Kusenokufuneka ukuba ufake isicelo sokutshintsha, ulungise ukusetyenziswa, okanye ubhenele kwisigqibo.

Iingxabano Zabamelwane

Imicimbi yokuzikhathaza idla ngokuphakama phakathi kwabamelwane. Izikhalazo eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

  • Uthango okanye isakhiwo esichasene neemfuno zokuthintela.
  • Imisebenzi yeshishini kummandla ohlala abantu, njengevenkile yokulungisa izithuthi ezisemakhaya.
  • Ingxolo, ukumisa iimoto okanye ivumba libangelwa lishishini elikufutshane.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, inyathelo lokuqala kukuthetha nommelwane, ukuba oko akuphumeleli, faka isikhalazo kwiofisi yasekuhlaleni egcina abantu benyanzelekile.

Umhlaba Usebenzisa Umthetho Ngaphezu Kokuzikhohlisa

Ngoxa ukuhlahlela kulolona phawu lubonakalayo lokusebenzisa umthetho, eminye imimiselo idlala indima ephambili.

Imithetho yolwahlulo

Imithetho yolwahlulo ilawula indlela umhlaba owahlulwe ngayo ube ngamaqashiso. Ifuna umbhekisi phambili ukuba anikezele izitrato, izinto eziluncedo, umchiza, kunye nezinye izibonelelo. Phambi kokuba uthengise amaqashiso kwinkqubela-phambili entsha, ulwahlulo lwahlula-hlula kufuneka luvunywe ngurhulumente wasekuhlaleni.

Imithetho yokusingqongileyo

Imithetho yesizwe, yesizwe, neyommandla wendalo inokuthintela ukuphuhliswa. Imimandla engundoqo iquka:

  • Ithafa elikwindawo ebanzi, elilawulwa ngumkhosi wamajoni omkhosi wase-U.S. phantsi koMthetho wokucoca amanzi.
  • Intlobo-ntlobo zesiphelo: Uphuhliso lungathintelwa kwindawo yokuhlala yezilwanyana ezikhuselweyo.
  • Ulawulo lwezikhuseli: Ulawulo oluninzi lufuna ukugcinwa kwakhona okanye unyango lokhukuliso lwamanzi oqhwithela.

Ukulondolozwa kwembali

Iimpawu ezimiselwe kwisithili esingokwembali okanye ezidweliswe kwiBhali-mvume yeSizwe yeeNkcukacha ezingokwembali zijongene nemiqathango eyongezelelekileyo. Utshintsho, ukhukuliso, kunye nolwakhiwo olutsha kufuneka zihlaziywe ngogunyaziso olungokobunkumla.

Inkqubo Enconywayo: Oko Umele Ukulindele

Ukuvelisa umhlaba okanye ukutshintsha indlela osetyenziswa ngayo akufane kube yinto elula. Imisebenzi emininzi ifuna imvume eninzi:

  1. Intlanganiso ye-Prequence: ichaza izicelo zakho kucwangciso lwabasebenzi ukwenzela ingxelo.
  2. Isicwangciso sesiCwangciso esitsha: Phonononga iiplani zokwakha, ukupaka, ukumisa ulungiso, kunye nokukhupha amanzi.
  3. Ukuva okukhoyo: kwimisebenzi yemiqathango, ukuguquguquka, okanye ukubekwa kwezithuba, ukuvalwa kwasesidlangalaleni kuyafuneka. Abamelwane kunye nabanye abagcini-mathiriyeli bangathetha bemela okanye bechasa izicelo.
  4. [[UMTL: 0] Ikhomishini yokucebisa: Ikhomishini yokucwangcisa ihlola imeko kwaye yenza ingcebiso kwiqumrhu elinyuliweyo.
  5. ibhunga leCity okanye isigqibo sengingqi yombutho: Ivoti yokugqibela ekulungiseni kwakhona okanye kwinkqubela-phambili enkulu yenziwa liqumrhu elilawulayo elinyuliweyo.
  6. Imvume yokwakha isakhiwo Emva kokuba imvume yokubeka ikhona, ungafaka isicelo semvume yokwakha ulwakhiwo lweprojekthi.

Le nkqubo isenokuthabatha iiveki ezimbalwa ukusa ngaphezu konyaka, kuxhomekeka ekuntsonkotheni nasekuthandeni abantu.

Isizathu Sokuba Abantu Abathenga Ekhaya Bezifunela Izinto

Ukuba uthenga indlu, ukuhlahlela kuchaphazela indlela ongenakulindela ngayo:

  • Amaxabiso ePropection: Amakhaya azinzileyo, abekwe kakuhle athanda ukuligcina ngcono ixabiso lawo.
  • Uphuhliso lokwemvelo: Khangela into evunyelweyo kwizinto ezimeleneyo. Ingxowa engenayo esecaleni yocango ingaba sisikhululo segesi okanye isakhiwo sefrethi ephezulu ukuba ikhona.
  • [[UMTL:0] Amashishini asekhaya: Ukuba uceba ukuqhuba ishishini ukusuka ekhaya, qinisekisa ukuba ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo kuyakuvumela kwaye imiqathango iyasebenza.
  • [[Utshintsho: 0] Ulwandiso kunye nolungiso: ukwandisa ikhaya lakho kungafuna uguquko ukuba isakhiwo esikhoyo asihlangabezeki okanye imida yomphakamo wangoku.

Indlela Yokubandakanyeka Kwizigqibo Zokuqhatha Zasekuhlaleni

Ukuzingela asikuko nje kwabaphuhlisi nabaphathi. Abahlali banelizwi kwindlela abakhula ngayo uluntu lwabo. Nantsi indlela yokuthatha inxaxheba:

  • Ikhomishini yokucwangcisa kunye neentlanganiso zebhunga lesixeko. Ezi ntlanganiso zisekuhleni kwaye zisoloko ziquka amathuba okugqabaza esidlangalaleni.
  • Idibanisa ungingqi. La maqela asoloko ehlola kwaye egqabaza ngenkqubela-phambili ecetyisiweyo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Isetyenziswa kwibhodi okanye kwimisebenzi. uluntu oluninzi lunemivulo kumsebenzi wocwangciso, kwibhodi ebophelayo yezibongozo, okanye kugunyaziso olumbalini.
  • Thetha ngexesha locwangciso olubanzi lohlaziyo. Oluhlaziyo luyenzeka rhoqo kwiminyaka engama-5-10 kwaye lucwangcise indlela yeinguqulelo zexesha elizayo.

Oovimba Bokufunda Okungakumbi

Umthetho wokubhajala uyahluka-hluka kakhulu kwigunya ngalinye. Ezi zinto zilandelayo zinokukunceda uqonde imithetho ekwindawo ohlala kuyo:

  • Isebe lokucwangcisa elikwindawo ekufuphi: Owona mthombo ulungileyo weemaphu, amasiko, kunye neefomu zesicelo.
  • [[NTL:0] Ikhowudi ye Minical: Ikhowudi zasekuhlaleni zikhona kwilayini ngeenkonzo ezifana ikhowudi- ekwi okanye ifayile ye Municode.
  • Ilizwe lomhlaba lisebenzisa imimiselo: imithetho karhulumente imisela isakhiwo esisemthethweni sokwakha indawo yobulali. Umzekelo, umhlaba wokusebenzisa i-Oregon ufaniswe kwaye ubekwe embindini kakhulu.
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Abacebisi bomsebenzi: Ilizwe lisebenzisa amagqwetha, abacebi, kunye nabacebisi abahlala kwindawo enye banganika ukhokelo lwengcali kwimisebenzi entsonkothileyo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Iimpapasho zonikezelo: INhlangano yokucwangcisa yase Amerika ikhupha iincwadi kunye namanqaku athetha ngolona hlobo lobuchule. Bona ubuncwane bazo kwiplani. org.

Iingcinga Zokugqibela

Ukujika ibala nelizwe akuyomiqobo yabaphathi belizwe, kwaye zizinto ezisetyenziswayo ekuxoliseni ikamva labo. Ukuqonda le mithetho kukunika amandla okwenza izigqibo ezithe kratya ngempahla, uphephe iimpazamo ezibiza imali eninzi, kwaye ube nenxaxheba ngokunentsingiselo ekuphuhlisweni kwengingqi yakho.

Enoba uyakha ikhaya, uqalisa ishishini, okanye uthenga nje indawo, zinike ixesha lokufunda ikhowudi yokulungisa indawo. Thetha nabantu abanocwangciso lokucwangcisa. Funda isicwangciso esibanzi. Yiya ekuchotshelweni kwabantu ngokubanzi. Ulwazi olufumanayo luya kuba yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo oya kuzisela nakweyiphi na imigudu yempawo.