Table of Contents

Amagosa agunyazisa ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke enza indima ebalulekileyo ekulondolozeni ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke, ekuphakamiseni umthetho, nasekukhuseleni abemi kuwo onke amaphondo. Ngoxa inkoliso yabantu iqhelene namasebe ayo asekuhlaleni kunye namasebe karhulumente njengeFBI, ukunyanzeliswa komthetho wemigangatho karhulumente kusoloko kusebenza ngokusemva kwemiboniso, ukusingatha uphando oluntsonkothileyo, ukubonelela inkxaso ekhethekileyo, nokuqinisekisa ukuba okusesikweni kusebenza ngaphaya kwemida elawulayo. Ukuqonda indlela aba basemagunyeni, igunya abanalo, nendlela abemi abanokusebenza ngayo nabo kuyimfuneko kuye nabani ohlala eUnited States.

Olu khokelo lunentsingiselo luhlola yonke into efuna ukwazi ngabemi ngokugcinwa komthetho karhulumente, ukusuka kwisiseko solawulo lwentlangano kunye neembopheleleko zakho kumalungelo akho ngexesha lokudibana kunye nendlela yokuxela ngokunempumelelo ulwaphulo-mthetho. Nokuba ufuna ukwazi umahluko phakathi kwamajoni karhulumente namapolisa asekuhlaleni, ufuna ukuqonda ukhuseleko lwakho lomgaqo-siseko, okanye kufuneka wazi ukuba udibana nini namagunya karhulumente, eli nqaku likunika iinkcukacha ezikudingayo.

Ukuqonda Umthetho KaRhulumente Onyanzelwayo

Imibutho yomthetho womthetho karhulumente yimibutho karhulumente esebenza kumgangatho weli lizwe, eyahlukileyo kuwo omabini amasebe amapolisa kamasipala kunye namaqumrhu aqinisekisa ukugcinwa komthetho karhulumente. La masebe akhoyo kuwo onke amaphondo angama-50, nangona amagama awo, izakhiwo, kunye neembopheleleko ezithile zingafani kakhulu ukusuka kwelinye ilizwe ukuya kwelinye. Amanye amazwe athi umbutho wawo oyintloko wokunyanzelisa umthetho yiRhulumente, ngoxa amanye esebenzisa izibizo ezifana ne-Highway Patrol, State Patrol, okanye iSebe leSazulu.

Isakhiwo somthetho wequmrhu lomthetho karhulumente siphantsi kwesebe elilawulayo likarhulumente, intloko yombutho isoloko imiselwa yirhuluneli. Esi sakhiwo siqinisekisa ukuba kuya kuphendula amagosa anyuliweyo ngeli xesha ukulondoloza inkululeko efunekayo ekunyanzelweni komthetho osebenzayo.

Amagosa agunyazisa umthetho karhulumente asebenza njengomaleko ophakathi ogxekayo kwinkqubo yokugcinwa komthetho waseMerika. Bavala umsantsa phakathi kwamasebe asekuhlaleni asingatha amapolisa oluntu imihla ngemihla kunye namasebe karhulumente ajolise ingqalelo kukhuseleko lwesizwe nakulwaphulo-mthetho oluselubala. Oku kubekwa koomasebe bamazwe kuvumela ukuba banikezele oovimba, ubuchule, kunye nokulungelelanisa oorhulumente abancinane basekuhlaleni ukuba bangabikho ngeli xesha behlala befikeleleka ngakumbi kwaye besamkela kwimicimbi karhulumente kunabameli besizwe.

Imisebenzi nemisebenzi ye-Core

Imali esetyenziswayo esetyenziswayo ekwindlela ephezulu kunye nokunyanzelwa kwezithuthi

Omnye wemisebenzi ebonakalayo yokunyanzeliswa komthetho karhulumente kukugada uhola weendlela nokunyanzeliswa kweenqwelo-mafutha kwiindlela zikarhulumente, kwiindlela zohola-ndlela, nakwinkqubo eziphakathi kwemimandla. Amajoni karhulumente ahlola ukuhamba kweenqwelo-moya, isantya esinyanzeliswayo kunye nemithetho yeetrafiki, asabela kwiingozi, kwaye ancede abaqhubi beenqwelo-mafutha abaphelelwe lithemba. Le mbopheleleko ingakumbi ibalulekile kwiindlela zasemaphandleni nakwimimandla apho ubukho bamapolisa asekuhlaleni busenokuba bulinganiselwe okanye bungekho.

Unyanzeliso lwezithuthi lwamaziko karhulumente ludlulela ngaphaya kokukhupha nje amathikithi akhawulezayo. Abasebenzi bale nqanawa baqhuba iindawo zokuhlola ukukhubazeka ukuze bafumane abaqhubi abakhubazekileyo, bahlole iimoto zorhwebo ukuze bafumane imigaqo yokhuseleko, baze bahlole iingozi ezinzulu zenqwelo-mafutha ukuze bafumanise ityala lezinto ezibangela ukuba kubekho intlekele. Amaqela amaninzi karhulumente asebenzisa ubugcisa obuphambili ukuqwalasela iingozi ezikhoyo, ezingqinelane nemeko ezintsonkothileyo ezibandakanya ukubulawa okanye ityala lengxaki exakekileyo.

Ukunyanzeliswa komthetho wephondo kukwanendima ebalulekileyo kwimfundo yokhuseleko ekwiindlela nasendleleni yokhuseleko.

Uphando Lwezaphuli - mthetho

Amaziko okunyanzelisa umthetho karhulumente agcina izahlulo ezikhethekileyo zophando ezijongene namatyala entsonkothileyo olwaphulo-mthetho afuna ubuchule obungaphezulu koko amasebe asekuhlaleni anokukwenza. Olu hlolisiso ludla ngokubandakanya ulwaphulo-mthetho olunqamleza imimandla emininzi yephondo, njengemibutho yokurhwebelana ngeziyobisi, imisebenzi yolwaphulo-mthetho olulungelelanisiweyo, iziko lolwaphulo-mthetho lokuthengisa abantu, kunye namaqhinga okuqhatha abantu

Icandelo elikhulu lolwaphulo-mthetho kumaqumrhu karhulumente liphanda ngokubulalana, ukuhlasela ngokwesini, ukuqweqwedisa, kunye nezinye izigebenga ezinzulu, ingakumbi kwiindawo zasemaphandleni apho ii-ofisi zomphathi-mikhosi wasekuhlaleni zisenokuba zilinganiselweyo. Abaphengululi baseburhulumenteni bazisa uqeqesho olukhethekileyo, amava kwiimeko ezintsonkothileyo, nokufikelela kwimithombo yezobugcisa enokuthi yenze umahluko ekucombululeni ulwaphulo-mthetho olunzima.

Amaziko amaninzi agunyazisa umthetho asebenzisa iilaboratori zolwaphulo-mthetho ezintsonkothileyo ezilungiselela iinkonzo zolwaphulo-mthetho kwisebe lasekuhlaleni kulo lonke elo rhulumente. Ezi zifundo zihlalutya ubungqina beDNA, iminwe, i-minwe, i-spells, ubungqina obulandelelanayo, izixhobo zobugcisa, kunye nezinto ezilawulwayo. Ngokubeka ezi zinto zibiza imali eninzi nezikhethekileyo kumgangatho karhulumente, kwanesebe lamapolisa elincinane liyakwazi ukufikelela ekucuthengeni kwenzululwazi ye-edensic engenakukwazi ukulondolozwa.

Ukuxhasa Ukunyanzeliswa koMthetho Wasekuhlaleni

Amasebe karhulumente anikela inkxaso enzima kunye noovimba ababalulekileyo bamasebe amapolisa asekuhlaleni kunye neeofisi zomphathi-mikhosi kulo lonke elo lizwe. Le nkxaso ithatha iindlela ezininzi, ukusuka kuncedo olungqalileyo ebudeni beziganeko ezikhulu ukuya kutsho kwinkqubela yoqeqesho nobugcisa. Xa amasebe asekuhlaleni ejamelene neemeko ezingaphaya kobuchule bawo . Ezinje ngeentlekele zemvelo, ukuphazamisa abantu, okanye uphando lomthetho oluntsonkothileyo olunokwandiswayo lungathumela amaqela akhethekileyo kunye nabasebenzi abongezelelweyo.

Uqeqesho ngomnye umsebenzi obalulekileyo wenkxaso onikezelwa ngabameli besizwe. Amaphondo amaninzi asebenzisa uqeqesho lomthetho lokunyanzelisa amaziko okuqinisekisa ukuba amapolisa afumana imilinganiselo yokufaka isiqinisekiso kwaye anika zombini iinkqubo zoqeqesho ezisisiseko neziphambili. Ezi zikolo ziqinisekisa ukuba abaphathi-mikhosi kulo lonke ilizwe bafumana uqeqesho oluzinzileyo, olunomgangatho ophezulu kwiindawo ezifana nokusetyenziswa kwamandla, umthetho wezomgaqo-siseko, ukungenelela, ungenelelo lobugqeba, kunye nobuchule bophando.

Amaziko karhulumente agcina amaqela akhethekileyo anokucelwa ngamasebe asekuhlaleni xa efuneka. La masebe angaquka amaqela eSWAT, amaqela eebhombu, abathinjwa, iiyunithi zeK-9, inkxaso yenqwelo-moya, uphengululo kunye namaqela okukhangela ngaphantsi kwamanzi. Ngokudibanisa ezi zinto zikhethekileyo kumgangatho karhulumente, zonke iindawo ziyangenelwa kubuchule obunokungafunwa ngemali eninzi ukwenzela ukuba amasebe azimeleyo alondoloze.

Ukuphendula kweMbali yeNkcubeko noLawulo lwentlekele

Amagosa agunyazisa umthetho karhulumente enza indima ebalulekileyo ekusabeleni ngokweentlekele nasekulawuleni iintlekele. Xa iintlekele zemvelo ezinjengeenkanyamba, izikhukula, imililo, okanye izikhukula, amapolisa aseburhulumenteni asoloko elungelelanisa ukugcinwa komthetho, agcina ucwangco, anceda ekufudukeni, akhuseleni impahla. Ulawulo lwawo kunye nobuncwane bawo buwenza abe nelungelo elikhethekileyo lokusabela ngokukhawuleza kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo naphi na kwilizwana.

Ngexesha longxamiseko olukhulu, amasebe karhulumente asebenza ngokusondeleyo namasebe olawulo lwexesha likaxakeka, iNational Guard kunye namasebe karhulumente ukuqinisekisa imigudu yokuphendula elungelelanisiweyo. Aseka izakhiwo zomyalelo, alawule unxibelelwano phakathi kwamasebe ahlukeneyo, kunye nokuthumela oovimba apho zifuneka khona. Olu manyano lubalulekile ukwenzela ukuphendula ngempumelelo kwintlekele esindisa ubomi nokukhusela abantu.

Ukugcinwa komthetho wephondo kukwalungiselela nokusabela kwizizathu zongxamiseko zomntu ezifana nezisongelo zabagrogrisi, iimeko ezisebenzayo zokudubula, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwabemi. Amasebe amaninzi agcina ubuchule obungahlola izisongelo kunye nokusebenza namaqabane karhulumente ukuze athintele uhlaselo. Xa kusenzeka iziganeko, amaqumrhu karhulumente anokuhlanganisa ngokukhawuleza amaqela obuchule bokulwa nokuquququzelela intlukwano eelwano ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Isigwebo Negunya Elingokwasemthethweni

Ukuchazwa Kwesigwebo Eburhulumenteni

Amagosa omthetho karhulumente anegunya elisemthethweni kulo lonke iphondo, ithetha ukuba anegunya elingokwasemthethweni lokunyanzelisa imithetho nokubamba naphi na kumda worhulumente. Eli gunya liseburhulumenteni liwahlula kumagosa kamasipala, anegunya lawo libhekisele kwisixeko okanye kwidolophu yawo, kunye nabaphathi-mikhosi bephondo, abagunya labo ligubungela ingingqi yabo.

Ulawulo lwezorhulumente ngokubanzi lunika ubuchule obubalulekileyo kumsebenzi wokwandiswa komthetho. Xa izaphuli-mthetho zisebenza ngaphaya kolawulo oluninzi okanye xa kusenzeka ulwaphulo-mthetho olunemida engacacanga, amapolisa aseburhulumenteni angaphanda aze enze ukubanjwa ngaphandle kweengxaki ezinokuvela kumasebe asekuhlaleni. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kwiimeko ezibandakanya ulwaphulo-mthetho olulungelelanisiweyo, ukuthengiswa kweziyobisi, okanye ezinye izenzo ezingahloneli imigca kamasipala okanye yephondo.

Noko ke, ukuba nolawulo lwelizwe ngokubanzi akuthethi ukuba abameli belizwe basebenza rhoqo kwilizwe. Ngokwesiko, ukunyanzelisa umthetho kujolise kumendo karhulumente, kwiindawo ezingenaziqu, kunye neemeko apho bacelwa ngokukhethekileyo ngabasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni okanye apho kuyimfuneko khona amandla abo akhethekileyo. Oku kubhekisela kwisigqibo sobugocigoci bobulali ngexa ubuncwane borhulumente bukho xa bufuneka kwaye buphi na apho bufuneka kakhulu.

Ulwalamano Namapolisa Asekuhlaleni

Ulwalamano phakathi komthetho onyanzeliswayo nomthetho kunye namasebe asekuhlaleni amapolisa luxhasene kunegunya. Abameli bakarhulumente ababongameli okanye bayalele amapolisa asekuhlaleni; endaweni yoko, basebenza njengamaqabane asebenzisana ekuphandeni, abelane ngolwazi, kwaye anike uncedo. Le mizekelo yentsebenziswano iwuchana umgaqo wokulawula kwasekuhlaleni ngeli xesha isenza ulungelelwano olusebenzayo xa kuyimfuneko.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, amagosa karhulumente kunye namagosa asekuhlaleni asebenza kwicala ngalinye lomkhosi ohlasela iingxaki ezithile ezifana nokurhwetywa kweziyobisi, imisebenzi yeqela leenjubaqa, okanye ulwaphulo-mthetho lwe-intanethi. Le mikhosi idibanisa ulwazi lwasekuhlaleni nonxulumano loluntu lwamapolisa kamasipala kunye nobuchule kunye nobuncwane borhulumente.

Iimfazwe zolwaphulo-mthetho phakathi korhulumente kunye namasebe asekuhlaleni zinqabile, njengoko uninzi lwamazwe lunemithetho ecacileyo yokufumana ukuba ngowuphi umbutho okhokelayo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, amapolisa asekuhlaleni asingatha ulwaphulo-mthetho oluqhelekileyo kwiindawo zawo, ngelixa abameli bephondo bekhokelwa kwiziganeko zoohola-ndlela, ulwaphulo-mthetho oluninzi olugwetyelwe ityala, kunye namatyala afuna ubuchule obukhethekileyo bophando. Xa kuphakama imibuzo, iinkokeli zombutho zinxibelelana ukuze zifikelele izivumelwano ezinceda umdla kawonke-wonke.

Umthetho womanyano onyanzeliswayo

Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi komthetho karhulumente noworhulumente kuyanceda ukuba kucace xa uhlobo ngalunye lombutho lubandakanyeka kwimicimbi yolwaphulo-mthetho. Amasebe karhulumente anyanzelisa imithetho karhulumente kwaye anegunya kwimida yelizwe lawo, ngelixa amaqumrhu karhulumente anjenge-FBI, DEA, kunye ne-ATF enyanzelisa imithetho karhulumente kwaye angasebenza kwilizwe lonke. Olunye ulwaphulo-mthetho lungaphula umthetho worhulumente nowaselurhulumente, nto leyo enokuthi ibangele uphando okanye imigudu elungelelaniswa phakathi kwamaziko karhulumente norhulumente.

Amasebe omanyano abandakanyeka kumatyala abandakanya ezorhwebo, izinto zelizwe, ukhuseleko lobuzwe, okanye ulwaphulo-mthetho olunqamleza imimandla yorhulumente. Amasebe aseburhulumenteni asingatha uphando lolwaphulo-mthetho oluninzi, kuquka ukubulawa kwabantu, ukuhlaselwa, ubusela, kunye nezono zeziyobisi. Noko ke, imigca ephakathi korhulumente norhulumente kunye namaqumrhu asekuhlaleni ixhaphakile, ingakumbi kwiimeko ezibandakanya ulwaphulo-mthetho olulungelelanisiweyo, ubugrogrisi, okanye ukurhwebelana ngeziyobisi okugqithiseleyo.

Amagosa amaninzi agunyazisa umthetho karhulumente atyunjwe njengeqela lamagosa omkhosi orhulumente, elivumela ukuba linyanzelise imithetho karhulumente kwaye libambe urhulumente ngexa lisebenza ekuphandeni ngamalungu. Eli lungiselelo linika ulwazi lwasekuhlaleni nobukho bamagosa karhulumente ngexesha enika unikezelo kumaziko orhulumente kunye nolawulo.

Iiyunithi ezikhethekileyo

Amaqela obuchule kunye nolwamkelo olukhethekileyo

Inkoliso yamaqela agcina umthetho agcina amaqela obuchule, abizwa ngokuba yiSWAT (izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye namaChule), aqeqeshiwe kwaye axhotyiswe ukusingatha iimeko eziphezulu ezingaphaya kwamandla amagosa aqhelekileyo okulinda. La maqela aphendula ekuvaleni izikrokro, iimeko zokubanjwa, abadubuli abasebenzayo, kunye nenkonzo ephezulu. Amalungu afumana uqeqesho oluphezulu kwiindlela zobugcisa, izixhobo, ukonakalisa ubuchule, kunye nesigqibo seengxaki.

Amaqela obuchule belizwe asoloko esebenza njengovimba wamasebe asekuhlaleni angenazo iziko lawo leSWAT. Xa isebe elincinane lamapolisa lijongene nomqobo ovalelweyo oxhotyisiweyo okanye kwimeko yokubanjwa, bangacela uncedo kwiqela lobuchule besizwe, elinokuthunyelwa ngezixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nobuchule. Eli lungiselelo liqinisekisa ukuba kwanabemi basemaphandleni banokufikelela kubuchule obuphambili bobuchule xa kuyimfuneko.

Ngaphandle kwamaqela obuchule, amaziko karhulumente asoloko egcina amanye amaqela okuphendula akhethekileyo kuquka amaqela amaqela eebhombu, amaqela enkxwaleko, namaqela aneziphene ayingozi. La maqela ahamba ngololiwe ukuze ahlale enobuchule bawo obukhethekileyo kwaye alungelelane namaqabane asekuhlaleni, urhulumente, kunye norhulumente ukuqinisekisa ukusabela okunempumelelo kwiziganeko ezintlukwano.

Uphando olukhethekileyo

Amagosa agunyazisa ukugcinwa komthetho karhulumente acwangcisa imisebenzi yawo yophando njengeentlobo ezithile zolwaphulo-mthetho. Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kubandakanya ukubulala, ukuhlasela ngokwesini, ulwaphulo-mthetho lwezemali, i-intanethi ye-intanethi, iziyobisi zekhompyutha, ulwaphulo-mthetho olulungelelanisiweyo, kunye norhwaphilizo lukawonke-wonke. Oku kuqulunqiswa koophengululi-mthetho kuvumela abaphengululi ukuba bahlakulele ubuchule obunzulu kwiindawo ezithile baze bahlale besebenzisa iindlela zolwaphulo-mthetho ezichaphazekileyo kunye nobugcisa bophando.

Icandelo lolwaphulo-mthetho elisetyenziswa njengelibalulekileyo njengoko izaphuli-mthetho zisebenzisa ubugcisa obunenkohliso, ubusela ngamagama, ukuxhatshazwa kwabantwana nezinye ityala. Abaphengululi be-intanethi yekhompyutha banobuchule obukhethekileyo kwi-akhawuntaneti, uhlalutyo lwezinethwekhi, kunye nobugcisa bokuphanda kwi-intanethi.

Amacandelo olwaphulo-mthetho lwezemali aphanda ngamaqhinga entsonkothileyo okuqhatha, ukurhoxisa imali, kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho lwezoqoqosho olufuna ulwazi olukhethekileyo lweenkqubo zemali kunye noxanduva lwetyala lemali. Aba baphandi basoloko besebenza ngokusondeleyo nabalawuli bebhanki, abameli bezezimali, nabatshutshisi bokwakha amatyala nxamnye namatyala antsonkothileyo asetyenziswa ngokwezemali ukuze baxhase ingeniso engekho mthethweni.

Iinkonzo zobuNzulu kunye noBuxhakaxhaka

Iilaboratori zezolwaphulo-mthetho zaseburhulumenteni zinikela iinkonzo eziyimfuneko zokuxhasa uphando lolwaphulo-mthetho kulo lonke elo lizwe. Ezi zifundo zisebenzisa izazinzulu kunye namagcisa ahlola ubungqina obusemzimbeni esebenzisa uhlalutyo lweDNA, uthelekiso lweminwe, uvavanyo lweminwe, uhlalutyo lobungqina, uphando lwetyhefu, kunye neziphumo zale nkcazelo.

Inzululwazi yale mihla yezobugcisa iye yantsonkotha kakhulu, ngobugcisa obufana neDNA, obunokuxela kwangaphambili iimpawu zomzimba zabakrokreli abangaziwayo, kunye ne-forensic ezihambe phambili zamanani ezinokufumana kwakhona ugcino-lwazi kwizixhobo ezonakeleyo okanye ezifihlakeleyo. Iirebhu zelizwe zisebenzisa ubugcisa bokusika i-exectic kunye noqeqesho ukuqinisekisa ukuba zinganikela ezona nkonzo ziphambili kwimisebenzi yonyango kubacuphi nabatshutshisi.

Amasebe amaninzi asekuhlaleni agcina amaqela obugcisa anika inkxaso yokuhlola, iziphumo ze-elektroniki, ukuvalwa konxibelelwano (phantsi kwegunya elifanelekileyo elingokwasemthethweni), kunye nezinye izinto zobugcisa ezikwaziyo ukuphanda. La maqela asebenza ngokusondeleyo nabaphandi kwiimeko ezinzima apho ubuchule bunokwenza umahluko phakathi kwempumelelo nokungaphumeleli.

Amalungelo akho omGaqo-siseko ngexesha lomthetho onyanzelisayo

Umgaqo - siseko Wesine Wokulungiswa

UMthetho wesine ohlaziyiweyo kuMgaqo-siseko wase-U.S. ukhusela abemi ekuphandeni nasekuxhuzuleni okungekho ngqiqweni okwenziwa ngabameli bakarhulumente, kuquka amagosa agunyazisa umthetho karhulumente. Oku kuthetha ukuba amapolisa afuna isiqinisekiso esisekelwe kwisizathu esinokwenzeka okanye into engaziwayo ngaphambi kokuba afune umntu wakho, inqwelo-mafutha, ikhaya, okanye impahla yakho.

Ukuqonda xa amapolisa enako ukuphengulula ngaphandle kwemvume kuyimfuneko kumntu ngamnye. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukungabikho kwemfuneko efunekayo kuquka ukuvuma (uvuma ngokuzithandela), imbonakalo ecacileyo (oooofisi babona i-comptrabard okanye ubungqina obucacileyo), ukukhangela isiganeko sokubanjwa (abaphathi-majoni bangaphengulula wena nendawo ekhawulezileyo xa bebamba), iimeko ezichaphazelekayo (iimeko ezingaqhelekanga), kunye neenqwelo-mafutha ezingaphandle (ii-trankingxwaye zinokukhangelwa ngesizathu esilindelekileyo sokuba bahambe).

Ukuba umlawuli okanye umphumi-majoni ucela ukuphengulula inqwelo-mafutha yakho, ikhaya, okanye impahla yakho, unelungelo lokungavumi. Ukwala ukuphendla akukuvumi ukuba unetyala kwaye akunakusetyenziswa njengobungqina obuchaphazelekayo. Kodwa ukuba amagosa anesiqinisekiso okanye isizathu esilindelekileyo, asenokuqhubeka nophendlo nokuba uyavuma. Ngokucacileyo uthi "Andikuvumi ukuphendla" ukulondoloza amalungelo akho ngaphandle kokuphikisana nawe.

Amalungelo esihlanu oHlaziyo

IsiHlanziso sesihlanu sinikela ukhuseleko olubalulekileyo, olubaluleke kakhulu ilungelo elinxamnye nokuzichasa. Oku kuthetha ukuba akunakunyanzeleka ukuba unikele ubungqina okanye iingxelo ezisenokukufaka ekwaphulweni kwetyala. Ngokwengqiqo, oku kuguqulela kulungelo lakho lokungathethi xa ubuzwa ngamagosa omthetho.

Unelungelo lokuhlala uthule nanini na udibana nomthetho karhulumente, nokuba kukumiswa kwezithuthi, ukuvalelwa ngophando, okanye ukuncinwa kwetyala. Ngoxa kufuneka unike ulwazi olusisiseko lokuchaza kwiimeko ezininzi, akuyomfuneko ukuba uphendule imibuzo emalunga nalapho uya khona, apho ubuya khona, oko ubukwenza, okanye nantoni na enye enokuba ingummangaliso.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ilungelo lakho lokuthula alinakusetyenziswa kwinkundla. Abatshutshisi abanakuxelela abagwebi ukuba ukwala kwakho ukuphendula imibuzo kubonisa ukuba unetyala. Noko ke, nantoni na oyenzayo kumapolisa isenokusetyenziswa kuwe, yiyo le nto amagqwetha amaninzi ecebisa abaxhasi ukuba basebenzise ilungelo labo lokuthulisa, ingakumbi kuphando olunzulu lolwaphulo-mthetho.

UMthetho Wesithandathu Ohlaziyiweyo Unelungelo Lokululekwa

ISithandathu IsiHlanziso siqinisekisa ilungelo lokunika icebiso elingokwasemthethweni kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho, yaye eli lungelo lidlulela kwintsebenziswano ethile nabanyanzeli bomthetho. Xa uthe wabekwa ityala elisemthethweni lolwaphulo-mthetho okanye ukuncinwa ngetyala lomntwana uqala, unelungelo lokuba negqwetha xa ubuza. Ukucela igqwetha ngoko nangoko kuyeka ukuncinwa de igqwetha lakho libe likho.

Ukuba uncinwa ngabaphandi bakarhulumente ngolwaphulo-mthetho olunzulu, ukucela igqwetha kusoloko kucetyiswa. Ngokucacileyo uthetha ngokucacileyo: "Ndifuna ukuthetha negqwetha" okanye "Ndifuna ukucela ilungelo lam ukuya kucebisa." Amagosa kufuneka ayeke ukukubuza ngelo xesha. Musa ukuvumela inkxalabo ngokubonakala unetyala okanye ukungasebenzisani kukuthintela ekusebenziseni elilungelo libalulekileyo.

Ukuqonda ukuba ukucela igqwetha lilungelo lakho, hayi ilungelo, kubalulekile. Akuyomfuneko ukuba uchaze isizathu sokuba ufuna igqwetha okanye uthethelele isicelo sakho. Amagosa omthetho aqeqeshelwe ukuqhubeka nencoko nokuqokelela ulwazi, kodwa xa ucela ngokucacileyo ilungelo lakho lokucebisa, kufuneka basihlonele eso sigqibo. Ukuba bayaqhubeka bebuza emva kokuba ucele igqwetha, naziphi na iingxelo ozenzayo zinokuba zifanelekile enkundleni.

Amalungelo Xa Uhamba Ngemoto

Ukumiswa kwezithuthi ngamajoni karhulumente kuphakathi kwezona zenzo ziqhelekileyo zabemi abanomthetho karhulumente. Ngexesha lokumisa kweetrafiki, unelungelo elithile noxanduva. Kufuneka utsale ukhuselekile xa uphawulwa ligosa, unike imvume yokuqhuba, ubhaliso lwemoto, kunye nesiqinisekiso se-inshorensi xa uceliwe, kwaye ulandele imiyalelo esemthethweni evela kumphathi.

Nakanjani, ugcina amalungelo akho e-grafestiki ngexesha lokumisa kweetrafiki. Unelungelo lokuhlala uthulile ngaphaya kokunika uxwebhu olufunekayo nolwazi olusisiseko. Unelungelo lokungavumi ukuphengulula inqwelo-mafutha yakho. Unelungelo lokurekhoda incoko yakho yefowuni, lo gama nje ungangeneleli kwimisebenzi yomphathi-mikhosi. Unelungelo lokubuza ukuba ukhululekile ukuba uyaphuma kusini na, ukuba umphathi uthi, ewe, ungahamba.

Ukumisa kwendlela kumele kube mfutshane kwaye kulinganiselwe kumda wesizathu sokuma. Igosa elikumisayo ukuze ukhanyisele umsila owophukileyo alinakukukunqanda ngokungenasiphelo okanye likwazi ukuma uphando lweziyobisi ngaphandle kokukrokraza kolwaphulo-mthetho olongezelelweyo. Ukuba igosa licela ukuphengulula inqwelo-mafutha yakho, ungaphelelwa lithemba. Ukuba liyaqhubeka, ungaxhathi ngokomzimba, kodwa ngokucacileyo lichaze ukuba akuvumi, oku kunokuba luncedo kamva ukuba ukuphanda kwakho kucelww'icilwe enkundla.

Owona Mkhwa Ulungileyo wokunxibelelana noMthetho kaRhulumente

Ukuhlala Ukhuselekile Ebudeni Bokudibana

Ukhuseleko kufuneka lube yinkxalabo yokuqala kubemi bobabini nakubaphathi ngexesha lokunyanzeliswa komthetho. Xa utsalelwa phezulu ngumphathi-majoni, ngokukhawuleza uphawu kwaye utsalele kwindawo ekhuselekileyo kude nezithuthi xa kunokwenzeka. Zicime injini yakho, jika izibane zakho zangaphakathi ukuba kumnyama, kwaye ugcine izandla zakho zibonakala kwivili lokuqhuba. Ezi zenzo zibonisa ukuba akusosisongelo kwaye ukunciphisa uxinzelelo.

Kuphephe ukwenza intshukumo ngesiquphe, ingakumbi ukufikelela izinto ngaphandle kokwazisa umphathi ukuba wenza ntoni. Ukuba ufuna ukufumana kwakhona iphepha-mvume lakho kwingxowa yakho okanye kwibhokisi yakho yeglove, xelela umphathi ukuba wenza ntoni ngaphambi kokuba uhambe. Olu nxibelelwano lulula luthintela ukungaqondani okungandisa imeko.

Zibambe kwaye uthobe kwanokuba ukholelwa ukuba ukuma akunasizathu okanye igosa alikho ngqiqweni. Ukuxambulisana negosa elisecaleni kwendlela akufane kuphucule imeko kwaye kunokubangela imbambano. Ukuba ucinga ukuba amalungelo akho aphulwe okanye ukuyeka kwakho bekungafanelekile, ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuthetha ngeengxaki zezo meko lisebenzisa iindlela ezifanelekileyo, kungekhona ngexesha lokudibana.

Unxibelelwano Olunempumelelo

Licacile elokuba, unxibelelwano olunentlonelo lubalulekile ngexesha lokunxibelelana nomthetho karhulumente. Amagosa edilesi aqeqeshiwe kwaye aphendule imibuzo efunwa nguwe ukuba uyiphendule ngokunyaniseka. Ukuba ukhetha ukusebenzisa ilungelo lakho lokuthula okanye ukula ukuphendula imibuzo ethile, yenza ngokucacileyo nangobunono: "Ofisi, ndikhetha ukungawuphenduli lo mbuzo" okanye "Ndisebenzisa ilungelo lam lokungathethi.

Kuphephe ukunikela inkcazelo engadibaniyo. Xa abantu abaninzi besoyika, bathetha ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye bengaqondanga, banikela inkcazelo enokusetyenziswa nxamnye nabo. Ukuphendula imibuzo efunekayo ngqo nangangqalanga ngaphandle kokuchaza okanye ukuchaza ngaphandle kokuba kucelwe ngqo. Khumbula ukuba amagosa aqeqeshelwe ukuqokelela inkcazelo, yaye incoko yokwexeshana xa kumiswa okanye kuphengululwa ingavelisa ubungqina.

Ukuba akuqondi oko umqeshi akucelayo okanye akuxelela ukuba ukwenze, kufanelekile ukucela ukucaciswa. Ukuthi "Andiqondi ukuba ucela ntoni na ukuba ndikwenze" okanye "Ungakuchaza oko?" kungcono kunokuqagela kwaye okunako ukwenza imeko ibe mbi kakhulu. Amagosa adla ngokuluxabisa unxibelelwano olucacileyo kwaye azakucacisa imiyalelo xa ebuzwa ngentlonelo.

Iintlanganiso Ezibhaliweyo

Abemi banelungelo lokubhala inkxalabo yabo namagosa omthetho kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, kuquka ukumiswa kweenqwelo-mafutha nezinye iintlanganiso. Ukushicilela kunganikela ingxelo ecacileyo yoko kwenzekayo, enokuba luncedo xa kuvela imibuzo kamva ngehambo yegosa okanye yommi.

Ukuba ukhetha ukushicilela uqhagamshelwano nomthetho karhulumente, yazisa umphathi ukuba ushicilela. Ngexa ungaxelelwanga ngokusemthethweni ukuba ushicilela kwimimandla emininzi, ukwenza oko kukhuthaza ukubonakala nokuncitshiswa kwengxabano. Beka umnxeba wakho ngendlela yokuba ubambe intsebenziswano kodwa ungaphazamisani nemisebenzi yomphathi. Ungaze uthintele umphathi-mikhosi okanye ulahle imiyalelo ngexesha ushicilela.

Emva kwesiganeko esibalulekileyo sokunyanzelisa umthetho, bhala phantsi yonke into oyikhumbulayo ngokukhawuleza. Qaphela umhla, ixesha, indawo, amagama abaphathi-majoni okanye amanani ebheji ukuba akhona, oko kwatshiwo, ziziphi izenzo, kunye nawaphi na amangqina akhoyo. Le ngxelo yexesha elinye ingaba yeyona ibalulekileyo ukuba ufuna ukufaka isikhalazo, ukuvavanya, okanye ukukhusela izityholo. Quka iinkcukacha malunga nokuba uyavuma kusini na kuphengululo, yiyiphi imibuzo oyiphendulileyo, nokuba ucela na amalungelo.

Ixesha Nendlela Yokunxibelelana Nomthetho KaRhulumente

Iimeko Ezingxamisekileyo

Kwimeko zongxamiseko ezifuna ukunyanzeliswa komthetho okhawulezileyo . "ofana nolwaphulo-mthetho oluqhubekayo, iingozi ezinzulu, okanye izisongelo ezikhawulezileyo kukhuseleko"ukusoloko ubiza u-911 kuqala. Inkqubo ye-911 iza kuthumela unxulumano lwakho kumzi - nkonzo ofanelekileyo, nokuba ngamapolisa asekuhlaleni, ingingqi yengingqi, okanye amapolisa karhulumente, kuxhomekeke kwindawo ohlala kuyo nakwimeko yongxamiseko. Abaxhasi baqeqeshelwe ukuqokelela ulwazi olubalulekileyo ngokukhawuleza kwaye bathumele oovimba abakhoyo.

Xa ubiza u-911, nikeza inkcazelo ecacileyo, ecacileyo malunga nongxamiseko: indawo yakho (be yeyona nto icacileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka), into eyenzekayo, nokuba ubani wenzakala, nokuba izixhobo zibandakanyekile, kunye neenkcazelo zezikrokrele okanye iimoto ukuba zifanelekile. Hlala emgceni ngaphandle kokuba uyalelwe, njengokuba abathumeli besenokufuna ulwazi olongezelelekileyo okanye benokunika imiyalelo ngexa besendleleni.

Kumendo wendlela karhulumente, amapolisa karhulumente okanye umkhosi wendlela esetyenziswayo uphendula kwiimeko ezimaxongo. Iinkqubo ezininzi ziye zasetyenziswa apho unokufowunela ikhowudi emfutshane (njenge *HP okanye *77) esuka kwiselfowuni yakho ukuze ufikelele ngqo kumapolisa karhulumente. Ezi nkqubo ziluncedo kakhulu xa ungaqinisekanga ngendawo yakho echanileyo kuhola wendlela okanye ufuna ukuxela abaqhubi abanobundlobongela, ukungcola okusendleleni, okanye ezinye iingozi ezisendleleni.

Ingxelo yokungalawuleki

Kwimeko ezingalawulekiyo ````njengengxelo yolwaphulo-mthetho olusele lwenzekile, ukunikela ulwazi malunga nomsebenzi wolwaphulo-mthetho,'ukucela uncedo ngokubanzi] dibanisa umbutho womthetho ofanelekileyo ngenani lawo elingangeni mbane. Amasebe amaninzi karhulumente adwelisa la manani aphambili kwii-webhsayithi zawo ezisemthethweni, kwaye amaninzi anamanani ahlukeneyo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeengxelo okanye iimibuzo.

Amagosa amaninzi agunyazisa umthetho karhulumente ngoku anika iinkqubo zokunika ingxelo kwi-intanethi kwiintlobo ezithile zeziganeko. Ezi nkqubo zikuvumela ukuba ubhale phantsi iingxelo zolwaphulo-mthetho lwempahla, ubuqhetseba, ubusela, neminye imicimbi engalawulekiyo evela kwikhompyutha okanye kwi-cell phone yakho. Ingxelo ye-Unine iluncedo kwaye yenza ingxelo ekhawulezileyo ebhaliweyo yengxelo yakho, nangona ingafanelanga kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo okanye ezifuna ukuphendulwa ngokukhawuleza.

Xa usenza ingxelo engeyoyoyonto, qokelela ulwazi olufanelekileyo ngaphambi kokubiza: imihla namaxesha eziganeko, iindawo, inkcazelo yokukrokreleka okanye iimoto, amagama kunye nolwazi lokuqhagamshelana namangqina, kunye nalo naluphi na uxwebhu okanye ubungqina onalo. Ukuba olu lwazi lulungelelanisiwe kwenza inkqubo yokuxela isebenze ngakumbi kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuba abaphengululi banento abayifunayo ukuze balandele kwingxelo yakho.

Ukunikela Amacebiso Nenkcazelo

Ukuba unenkcazelo ngezenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho kodwa ungafuni ukwenza ingxelo esesikweni okanye ukuzichaza, inkoliso yamaziko agunyazisa umthetho karhulumente ithatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo ezingaziwayo. Ezi nkqubo, ezidla ngokusetyenziswa kwiintlangano ezifana neCrime Smapps, zikuvumela ukuba unike inkcazelo ngolwaphulo-mthetho ngaphandle kokutyhila ukuba ungubani. Ezinye iinkqubo zinika imivuzo yolwazi olukhokelela ekubotshweni okanye ekucombululeni ulwaphulo-mthetho.

Iingcebiso ezingaziwayo zizixhobo ezixabisekileyo zokunyanzelisa umthetho, njengoko zikhuthaza abantu ukuba baxele izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho abasenokuzigcina ngenxa yokoyika ukuziphindezelela okanye ukubandakanyeka. Noko ke, qonda ukuba iincam ezingaziwayo kuphela azinakukwazi ukungqinelana nokubanjwa okanye ukuphengulula.

Xa unikela iingcebiso, yiba ngongqaleko kangangoko unako malunga nemibuzo elandelayo (ukuze uphathwe ngokulandelelwayo), kwaye uphi na apho ulwaphulo-mthetho lubandakanyekileyo. Nokuba ngaba awunalwazi olupheleleyo, iinkcukacha ezimntwini zingaba luncedo. Phepha ukuphengulula okanye ukushwankathelana ngentelekelelo okanye ukuphawula oko ukwaziyo okanye okuphawulileyo. Ukuba ukulungele ukudityaniswa nemibuzo elandelayo (kwangokusuka kwinkqubo ephezulu), bonisa ukuba, njengoko abaphengululi befuna ukucaciswa okanye iinkcukacha ezongezelelekileyo.

Ukukhalaza Okuzingisileyo Nokufuna Ukuziphendulela

Iinkqubo zokukhalaza Kwangaphakathi

Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba igosa lomthetho womthetho wesizwe lenza ngendlela engafanelekanga, ngokungawisi-mthetho, okanye laphula amalungelo akho, unelungelo lokubhala isikhalazo.

Ukuyila isikhalazo, qhagamshelana necandelo langaphakathi lemicimbi okanye utyelele iwebhsayithi yabo, apho abameli abaninzi ngoku banikela iifomu kunye nemiyalelo. Kuza kufuneka unike iinkcukacha ezineenkcukacha ngesiganeko: umhla, ixesha, indawo, igama okanye ibheji yegosa ukuba laziwayo, into eyenzekayo, kunye nawo nawaphi na amangqina okanye ubungqina. Yibani ngabachananga nabachaphazelekayo, qwalasela oko umphathi wakwenzayo okanye athethayo kunokuba uvakalise iimvakalelo zenu ngesiganeko.

Inkqubo yokukhalaza iyahluka ngokweziko kodwa ibandakanya ukubuzana nomntu okhalazayo, umphathi, kunye nawo nawaphi na amangqina, ukuhlola nawaphi na amavidiyo okanye amacwecwe, kunye nokuhlola iinkqubo neenkqubo ezifanelekileyo. Uphando lungathatha iiveki okanye iinyanga kuxhomekeka kubuntlola. Ngoxa abameli besenokungatyhili izenzo ezingqalileyo zoqeqesho ezithatyathwe nxamnye nabaphathi ngenxa yemithetho yangasese yamagosa, kufuneka bakuxelele ngeziphumo zophando nokuba ngaba isikhalazo sixhasiwe, asizinzi, okanye asizinyazi.

Umatshini Wangaphandle Olawulayo

Ngaphandle kweenkqubo zangaphakathi zokukhalaza, iinkqubo ezininzi zangaphandle zikho ukwenzela ukuba umthetho wesizwe ubeke ityala. Amaphondo amaninzi aneekomiti zokwalathisa umthetho, okanye amaqumrhu ahlola izikhalazo, aphengulula indlela yokuziphatha okubi, aze ancome iinguqu zenkqubo. La maqumrhu angajoliselwanga azimeleyo kwimibutho elawula umthetho yaye anokuba luncedo ngokukodwa xa abemi bengakholelwa kwiinkqubo zokuphanda zangaphakathi.

Amagqwetha esizwe asoloko enegunya lokuphanda amaziko okunyanzelisa umthetho ngenxa yeendlela zokwaphulwa komgaqo-siseko okanye iingxaki zomgaqo-siseko. Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba umbutho othile uneengxaki ezisasazekileyo ngempembelelo egqithisileyo, ngezobupolisa bocalucalulo, okanye ngezinye iingxaki ezinzulu, ukuqhagamshelana neofisi yegqwetha jikelele kusenokuba kufanelekile. Uphando lwamalungelo asekuhlaleni lweSebe loLugwebo lunakho nako ukufumaneka kwiimeko ezibandakanya ukuphulwa komgaqo-siseko.

Kwimibandela ebandakanya ihambo yolwaphulo-mthetho esenokuba ngamagosa, izikhalazo zingabekwa kumagqwetha asekuhlaleni okanye, kwiimeko ezibandakanya ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo abantu kukarhulumente, ne-FBI okanye i-U. i-Ofisi ye-Athorney. Olu phengululo lolwaphulo-mthetho lwahlukile kwiinkqubo zolawulo kwaye lungaphumela kwizityholo zolwaphulo-mthetho nxamnye namagosa aphula umthetho.

Iindlela zokwandiswa

Abemi abamalungelo abo aphulwe ngumthetho karhulumente basenokuba namanyango angokwabantu ngokumangalelwa. ICandelo lowe-Federal amalungelo abantu phantsi kwama-42 e-U.S.C. leCandelo livumela abantu ukuba bamangalele amagosa karhulumente, kuquka amagosa amapolisa, ngenxa yokwaphulwa komgaqo-siseko. Oku kumangalelwa kusenokufuna ukonakaliswa ngemali ngenxa yokwenzakala, ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo abantu, yaye kwezinye iimeko, ukunyanzeleka koncedo olufuna amaziko okutshintsha iinkqubo okanye imigaqo.

Amalungelo asekuhlaleni anzima kwaye afuna igqwetha elinamava. Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba unamalungelo asebenzayo ngokuchasene nokugcinwa komthetho karhulumente, thetha negqwetha elinolwazi kumatyala amapolisa angekho mthethweni. Amagqwetha amaninzi asebenza ngokungqinelana, okuthetha ukuba ahlawulwa kuphela ukuba uphumelele kwityala lakho. Qaphela ukuba kukho imida engqongqo yexesha lokufaka ityala lamalungelo abantu, ngoko musa ukulibazisa ukufuna icebiso elisemthethweni ukuba ukholelwa ukuba amalungelo akho aphulwe.

Ingxelo yetort isenokufumaneka kwingozi ebangelwa kukungakhathalelwa komthetho okanye ukuziphatha okubi. Ezi ngxelo zilawulwa ngumthetho karhulumente kwaye zisoloko zineemfuno ezithile ezikhethekileyo, ezifana nokubhala isaziso sento efunwayo ngexesha elithile ngaphambi kokufaka ityala. Kwakhona, ukudibana negqwetha elinamava kule micimbi kububulumko ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukhusele amalungelo akho uze ufikelele zonke iimfuno zesithethe.

Iimbambano Ezikhoyo Notshintsho Kumthetho KaRhulumente

Ukusetyenziswa Kwempatho Nengqeqesho Yamandla

Ukusetyenziswa kwegunya ngumthetho kungumcimbi ophambili kwintetho yesidlangalala emalunga ne-politiki kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Abameli beli lizwe belihlola kwaye beqinisekisa ukusebenzisa kwabo iinkqubo zokunyanzela ukugxininisa ukuhla kolwahlulo, ukulungelelana, kunye nobungcwele bobomi bomntu. Ukusetyenziswa kwala mandla okusetyenziswa kwala mandla namhlanje kumisela intsebenziswano yokunyanzelisa iinjongo zegunya kwaye kufuna abaphathi ukuba basebenzise amandla ayimfuneko ukuze bafezekise iinjongo ezisemthethweni.

Uqeqesho luye lwavela ngokugxininisa ubuchule bokuphelisa ungquzulwano ngaphandle kokunyanzelwa. Abaphathi bafunda ubuchule bokuthetha, ubuchule bongenelelo, kunye neendlela zolawulo lwabantu abanamanqam engqondo. Abameli abaninzi baye baqalisa uqeqesho olusekelwe kwimifanekiso apho abaphathi beendawo kwiimeko ezizinyani apho kufuneka benze izigqibo zokwahlula, kunye neentlanganiso zokuphelisa ubuchule bokwenza izigqibo ezifanelekileyo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwemigaqo-nkqubo kufuna amagosa athintele abo asebenza nabo abasebenzisa amandla agqithisileyo nokunikela ingxelo yeziganeko ezinjalo. Le nkqubo iyaqonda ukuba ukuvelisa indlela yokuziphendulela kumthetho kufuneka amagosa abambelele kwimilinganiselo ephakamileyo. Ngokufanayo, umsebenzi wokunikela imigaqo yoncedo ufuna amagosa okunika uncedo lwezamayeza kubantu abalimeleyo ngexesha lokugcinwa komthetho, ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgaqo olondoloza ubomi ubalulekile.

Ikhamera yomzimba- Worn kunye nokubonakala kwelinye icala

Iikhamera ezisetyenziswa ngumzimba ziye zasetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngabameli bomthetho wesizwe njengesixhobo sokuphendula nokubonisa ityala. Ezi khamera zinika ubungqina obuzinzileyo bento eyenzekayo ngexesha lokudibana. Uphando lubonisa ukuba iikhamera zomzimba zinokunciphisa ukusebenzisa iziganeko zamandla kunye nezikhalazo kubaphathi, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba omabini amagosa nabemi baguqula ukuziphatha kwawo xa besazi ukuba zibhalwe.

Noko ke, iinkqubo zekhamera yequmrhu ziphakamisa imibuzo ebalulekileyo malunga nokuzimela, ukufikelela koluntu ekurekhodiweyo, kunye nolawulo logcino-lwazi. Ama-odoli amkele iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo malunga nexesha ekumele kurekhodiwe ngalo, ixesha elingakanani ezigcinwe ngalo, kwaye ngubani okwazi ukuzifikelela. Ukulungelelanisa ukubonakala nokuphendulana namaxhoba olwaphulo-mthetho oluyimfihlo, kunye nabantu ababhalwe emakhayeni abo, kuhlala kungumngeni oqhubekayo.

Ukusebenza kweekhamera zesiqu kuxhomekeke kwiinkqubo ezinamandla ezilawula ukusetyenziswa kwazo. Ipolicies kufuneka ikwazi ukuthatha iikhamera ngexesha lawo onke amavanya omthetho, inqanda abaphathi ukuba baqwalasele isantya ngaphambi kokubhala iingxelo (ukuqinisekisa iingxelo ezibonisa iimbono zokwenene zegosa kunokuba zibonise oko kuboniswa yividiyo), kwaye iveze iziphumo ezicacileyo zokwaphulwa kwenkqubo. Ngaphandle kwemigaqo enjalo, iinzuzo zokuphendula kwiikhamera zomzimba zisenokungaqwalaselwa ngokupheleleyo.

Ukuthetha Ne-bias Nokukhuthaza Ukulingana

Ucalucalulo olupheleleyo − izimo zengqondo ezichaphazela indlela yokuziphatha − ziye zabonwa njengembambano ebalulekileyo ekunyanzelweni komthetho. Abameli beli lizwe baye basebenzisa uqeqesho olucacileyo lokucalucalula ucalulo ukuze bancede amagosa aqonde kwaye alwenze ucalucalulo lwawo olungekho zingqondweni. Olu qeqesho luchaza indlela olukhula ngayo ucalulo, indlela olunokuchaphazela ngayo ukwenza izigqibo, kunye namaqhinga okwenza izigqibo ezizinzileyo, izigqibo ezifanelekileyo.

Ukuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi kunye nohlalutyo kuye kwaba zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo zokwazi nokulungisa izinto ezichaseneyo kwimisebenzi yokugcinwa komthetho. Ngoku amasebe amaninzi karhulumente aqokelela iinkcukacha ezithe ngqo ngokumiswa kweetrafiki, ukuphengulula, ukubanjwa, nokusetyenziswa kwegunya, ukudityaniswa, ukudityaniswa kohlanga, nezinye izinto ezikhoyo. Ukuhlolisisa le nkcazelo kungatyhila iinkalo zonyango olungacalucalulani, ukuvumela amaziko ukuba angenelele ngoqeqesho olongezelelekileyo, iinguqu zenkqubo, okanye ezinye iindlela zokulungisa.

Ukuganana nokwakha intsebenziswano noluntu oluhlukeneyo kuqashelwa ngokukhulayo njengokuyimfuneko ekunyanzelweni komthetho osebenzayo. Amasebe karhulumente asebenzisa imigaqo yobupolisa, ukukhula kokwahluka-hluka kwezintlu-hlukeneyo, nokuyila iibhodi eziquka amalungu oluntu asuka kwiimvelaphi ezahlukeneyo. Le migudu ijongene nokuqinisekisa ukuba ukugcinwa komthetho kusebenza ngokufanelekileyo nangempumelelo kuzo zonke imimandla ngoxa amaziko ekwakheni ukuthenjelwa okufunekayo ukuze ukhuseleko loluntu luphumelele.

Impilo Yengqondo Neengxaki

Amagosa omthetho asoloko edibana nabantu abagula ngengqondo, kwaye ezi ngxaki zingaba lucelomngeni kwaye zibe yingozi kubo bonke amagosa kunye nabantu ababandakanyekileyo. Ukuqonda oku, amaqumrhu amaninzi esizwe aye asebenzisa uqeqesho lweCrisis Intervenotion Industnetion Iqela (CIT), elifundisa amagosa ukuba aqonde iimpawu zokugula ngengqondo, ukuhla kobunzima, nokunxibelelana nabantu ngeenkonzo zempilo zengqondo kunokuba abathintele xa kufanelekile.

Amanye amaphondo aphuhlise iinkqubo ezikhuthaza ukuqiqeka komthetho ezibini ezinamagosa omthetho kunye neengcali zempilo yengqondo ezisabela kunye kwiminxeba yempilo yengqondo. Ingcali yempilo yengqondo ingamvavanya umntu ngamnye, inikeze ungenelelo olukhawulezileyo, ilungiselele unyango olufanelekileyo, ngelixa umphathi eqinisekisa ukhuseleko kwaye enika uncedo olufunekayo. Ezi nkqubo zibonise iziphumo ezinika ithemba ekunciphiseni ukubanjwa nokusetyenziswa kwamandla ngoxa zidibanisa abantu ngeenkonzo ezifunekayo.

Utshintsho oluninzi lujolise ekunciphiseni ukunyanzeleka komthetho kwingxaki yempilo yengqondo ngokupheleleyo ngokuphuhlisa iinkqubo zokuphendula. Ezinye iindawo ziye zavelisa amaqela atsalayo anezigulana ezisebenza ngoochwepheshe bengqondo abaphendula kwiintlobo ezithile zonxulumano ngaphandle kokunyanzeliswa komthetho. Ezi ndlela ziyaqonda ukuba iingxaki zempilo yengqondo zisenokuba ziingxaki zempilo ezinokucocwa bhetele ziingcali zempilo kunamagosa eenqwelo-moya.

Oovimba kunye noLwazi olongezelelekileyo

Ukufumana I-arhente Yelizwe Lakho

Urhulumente ngamnye unesebe eliyintloko lokunyanzelisa umthetho karhulumente, nangona behamba ngamagama ahlukeneyo. Ukufumana umbutho worhulumente wakho, funa kwi-intanethi "[imeko yakho] amapolisa ombuso" okanye "[imeko yakho] uphando lohola wendlela. [i-okanye] urhulumente wakho ugcina iiwebhsayithi ezibanzi ezinenkcazelo ngeenkonzo zabo, ulwazi lonxibelelwano lwamaqela ahlukeneyo, iinkqubo zokubika kwi-intanethi, kunye noovimba babemi.

Iiwebhsayithi zezibonelelo zikarhulumente ziquka inkcazelo emalunga namathuba omsebenzi, iingcebiso zokukhusela ulwaphulo-mthetho, ukubhalisa abantu abaphanga, ukulahleka kwabantu, kunye neendawo ezifunwa kakhulu.

Kwimibuzo ethile okanye iinkxalabo, inkoliso yamagosa karhulumente anamagosa olwazi lukawonke-wonke anokunikela ulwazi kubemi nakumajelo eendaba. Ulwazi lokuqhagamshelana kwaba basemagunyeni ludla ngokufumaneka kwii-webhsayithi zezibonelelo. Musa ukumathidala ukufikelela iphulo xa unemibuzo ngeenkqubo, iinkqubo, okanye iinkonzo .

IMibutho yoLuntu eMiselele

Imibutho emininzi yesizwe inikela ulwazi kunye noovimba malunga namalungelo abemi ngexesha lokunyanzeliswa komthetho. I-American Civil Libersions Union (ACLU) inikela izikhokelo ezineenkcukacha malunga namalungelo akho xa emiswe ngamapolisa, ngexesha lokuphengulula, nakwamanye amaziko omthetho. Ezi zixhobo zikhona kwiwebhsayithi ALU kwaye zigquma zombini imigaqo yomgaqo-siseko kunye nolwazi oluqhelekileyo lombuso.

Imibutho yoncedo olusemthethweni kwilizwe lakho inganikela uncedo ukuba awunalo igqwetha kodwa ufuna uncedo olungokwasemthethweni olunxulumene nokugcinwa komthetho. Le mibutho isebenza abantu abafumana imali ephantsi kwaye ingakwazi ukunikela icebiso, umelo, okanye i-arhente kwezinye izinto zoovimba. khangela "[urhulumente wakho] uncedo olusemthethweni" ukufumana imibutho ekhonza ummandla wakho.

Kwimiba enxulumene nokuphendulana kwamapolisa nokuhlaziywa, imibutho efana ne-National Police Accounting Project, iProject yeNkcubeko, nemibutho eyahlukeneyo yolungiso lomgangatho karhulumente ibonelela ngobuncwane, ubungangamsha, yaye maxa wambi uncedo olusemthethweni. Le mibutho isebenza ukukhuthaza intsebenziswano esesikweni, i-politiki yomGaqo-siseko kwaye ibeka umthetho obekelwe ityala xa kusenzeka impatho engekho mthethweni.

Amathuba Emfundo

Amaziko amaninzi agunyazisa umthetho karhulumente anika abami izikolo zokuqinisekisa ukuba umthetho usebenza, uqeqesho, kunye neengxaki. Ezi nkqubo zeveki ezininzi ziquka ukuboniswa ngokwamaqela ahlukeneyo, uqhankqalazo lwamaqhinga nezixhobo, namathuba okunxibelelana namagosa. Izikolo zoluntu zinceda ekuqondeni nasekuthembeni phakathi komthetho kunye nabantu abakhonzayo.

Amanyathelo amapolisa oluntu adla ngokuquka amathuba okuba abemi babandakanyeke ekunyanzelweni komthetho kwiintlanganiso zobume, kwiibhodi zokwazisa, nakwiziganeko zoluntu. Ukuthabatha inxaxheba kwezi nyathelo kukuvumela ukuba uvakalise inkxalabo, ufunde ngemibandela yokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke ebutho lakho, kwaye wakhe ulwalamano namagosa. Khangela iwebhsayithi yombutho wakho okanye qhagamshelana nolwahluko loluntu lwabo ukuze ufunde ngamathuba akhoyo kwindawo ohlala kuyo.

Kubantu abanomdla kumsebenzi wokugcinwa komthetho, abameli beli lizwe banikela iinkcukacha ezingomsebenzi wokuqesha, iimfaneleko, nendlela yokusebenza kwiiwebhusayithi zabo. Amasebe amaninzi afuna abantu abaza kufumana iinkonzo ezahlukeneyo anikele iinkqubo zokunceda abo basenokuba bacela ukunyulwa ngokungqongqo. Umsebenzi wokuqinisekisa ukuba umthetho usebenza unokuba lucelomngeni kodwa unika umvuzo kwabo bazibophelele kwinkonzo kawonke-wonke nakukhuseleko loluntu.

Isiphelo: Abemi abanolwazi noMthetho Onempumelelo

Ukuqonda ukugcinwa komthetho karhulumente .ukusetyenziswa kwala maqumrhu, igunya analo, nendlela abemi abanokusebenzisana ngayo ngokuphumelelayo nawo, lulwazi olubalulekileyo kuye nabani na ohlala eUnited States. Amapolisa aseburhulumenteni, amajoni eenqwelo-mafutha, namanye amasebe esizwe adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulondolozeni ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke, ekuphandeni ulwaphulo-mthetho, ekuxhaseni ukunyanzeleka komthetho wasekuhlaleni, nasekusabeleni kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo. Basebenza ngegunya elikhulu kodwa nakumgangatho womthetho ocetyelwe ukukhusela amalungelo abantu ngabanye.

Abemi abawaqondayo amalungelo abo ngexesha lokugcinwa komthetho baxhotyiswe bhetele ukukhusela iintambo zabo ngeli xesha besebenzisana ngokufanelekileyo nemisebenzi esemthethweni yokunyanzelisa umthetho. Ukwazi ixesha onokulandula ngalo ukuphengulula, xa kufuneka uhlale uthule, naxa ucela igqwetha bangenza umahluko omkhulu kwiziphumo zonyanzelo lomthetho. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuqonda indlela yokuqhubana ngokukhuselekileyo nangentlonelo namagosa kuyanceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba amavange awaqhubeki ngokungeyomfuneko.

Ulwalamano phakathi komthetho noluntu abasebenza kulo lusebenza kakuhle xa lusekelwe kwintlonelo, ukuqonda, nokuziphendulela komntu ngamnye. Abami bamele balindele ukuba amapolisa angochwepheshe, asemthethweni, abe neenkqubo zokuphendula amagosa xa engawuthobeli lo mgaqo. Amagosa okunyanzelisa imithetho, kufuneka axhaswe, asebenzisane, yaye aqonde iingxaki ajongene nazo ukuze alondoloze ukhuseleko oluseluntwini.

Njengoko amaziko okunyanzelisa umthetho karhulumente eqhubeka eguquka (ukuvelisa ubugcisa obutsha, ukuzalisekisa utshintsho, nokuqhelanisa nokutshintsha kweemeko zentlalo ("abemi abanolwazi) benza indima ebalulekileyo ekulungiseni ezi nguqulelo. Ngokuqonda indlela ukugcinwa komthetho karhulumente okusebenza ngayo, ukwazi amalungelo akho neembopheleleko zakho, nokubandakanyeka ngokwamaqumrhu akhoyo, unegalelo ekusebenzeni ngokunempumelelo, ngokusesikweni, nokuphendula kolawulo olusebenza kuwo onke amalungu ebutho lakho.

Nokuba ngaba uqhuba kwindlela karhulumente, unikela ingxelo yolwaphulo-mthetho, okanye ufuna nje ukuqonda inkqubo yokunyanzelisa umthetho elawula urhulumente wakho, ulwazi olukule sikhokelo lunika isiseko sabemi abanolwazi. Amaziko omthetho womthetho karhulumente akhoyo ukuze akhonze kwaye akhusele uluntu, kwaye uluntu olunolwazi lubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba baphumeze olo thumo ngokunempumelelo kunye nomthetho-siseko. Ukuze bafumane ulwazi olungakumbi ngamalungelo omthetho nawabemi, batyelele .S. Isebe leJaji yeJaji [, elinika oovimba abaninzi kumalungelo abantu, ulawulo lomthetho, ummiselo, kunye nenkqubo yezomthetho.