Ukugcinwa komthetho kusebenza njengesiseko sokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke, isebenza ngokuphakamisa umthetho ngeli xesha ukhusela ubomi nempahla yabemi. Kodwa ukuphumelela kwalo naliphi na isebe lamapolisa okanye iofisi yamapolisa akumiselwanga kuphela ngokunikezelwa kwabaphathi bawo. Kuyilwa ngokufanayo yimigaqo kunye nenkqubo ekhokela zonke izenzo zokuhamba ngenqwelo-moya ukuya kwizigqibo zokusebenzisa amandla aphezulu. Ukuqonda indlela le migaqo edityaniswe ngayo ngokuqhelisa kwamihla ngemihla kugxekwa ngabaqeqeshi bezomthetho, abafundi, kunye noochwepheshe abafuna ukuphucula iziphumo kunye nokuphinda bathembeke phakathi komthetho kunye nabantu abasebenza nabo.

Indima Yokunyanzeliswa Komthetho Kuluntu Lwanamhlanje

Umsebenzi ongundoqo wokunyanzelisa umthetho ubusoloko bukukulungela ukunyanzelisa imithetho, ukukhusela ulwaphulo-mthetho, nokugcina ucwangco. Noko ke, kule mihla intsonkothileyo yemeko yentlalo, loo msebenzi udlulela ngaphaya nje ‘ kokumbamba izaphuli-mthetho.” Amagosa ajongene noommandla kungekuphela nje ukuphelisa ulwaphulo-mthetho kodwa kwanokwakha ulwalamano nabantu, ukusabela kwiingxaki zempilo, ukunyanzelisa ukhuseleko lwemoto, nokusebenzisana neenkonzo zentlalo-ntle.

  • Ukujonga ukuhambelana nokusebenza kolwaphulo-mthetho ngokubona nokusebenza kwamapolisa.
  • Uphando olunzulu lwezaphuli - mthetho, kuquka ukuqokelelwa kobungqina, udliwano - ndlebe nohlalutyo olunzulu.
  • Ukusabela ngokukhawuleza kwiingozi, kwiintlekele zemvelo, kwiziganeko zogonyamelo zasekhaya nakwiingozi ezikhoyo.
  • Ukuhlanganisana kwabantu ngeeholo zedolophu, iinkqubo zesikolo, amaqela asekuhlaleni nokuhambela phambili kwezithethe.
  • Xa kufanelekile, bhekisela kwimpilo yengqondo nakwinkqubo yonyango olusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi.

Ezi mbopheleleko zandisiweyo zifuna ukuba abaphathi babe nobuchule obungebobobobobuchule bobugcisa kuphela kodwa baphinde babe nobuchule obunamandla bokwabelana phakathi komntu kunye nokuqonda okunzulu abantu abahlukeneyo abasebenza kubo. Njenge International of Shirds igxininisa, umlinganiselo wamapolisa wangoku ufuna ulungelelwano phakathi kokunyanisa nokusebenza `a ulungelelwaniso oluphenjelelwe kakhulu yimibutho yemithetho egunyaziweyo.

Izithethe Eziphembelela Izenzo Zomthetho

Umbutho ngamnye wokulondoloza umgaqo-siseko osebenza kwinkqubo ebhaliweyo, iinkqubo, kunye nezigunyaziso ezisemthethweni. Le nkqubo ichaza ukuziphatha okwamkelekileyo, imisela imida ngobulumko, kwaye inika imaphu yendlela yabaphathi-mikhosi abakwintsimi. Ngaphandle kwemigaqo ecacileyo, ukungaguquguquki nokungacaci kungakhokelela kwiziphumo ezingacwangciswanga, kuquka ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwamalungelo abantu, kunye nokuncitshiswa kolawulo lukawonke-wonke. Imigaqo-siseko engundoqo esebenzisa impembelelo enkulu ngomhla wemini ukuya kumsebenzi wamapolisa iquka ukusebenzisa i-athom, imilinganiselo yoqeqesho, imilinganiselo yokuphendula ityala.

Ukusetyenziswa Kweempawu Zomkhosi

Akukho mgaqo-nkqubo uqwalaselwe kakhulu, okanye usetyenziso lwamandla. Le mithetho ilawula iimeko apho umphathi angasebenzisa khona ukunyanzelisa umzimba, ukusuka kwimiyalelo yomlomo nakubuchule bobugcisa obungenanto kwizixhobo zolawulo lwezikhuseli zekhompyutha, izixhobo, kunye namandla abulalayo. Ukusetyenziswa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yamandla kwabelana ngeempawu ezininzi eziqhelekileyo:

  • Iinkcazelo ezicacileyo zomgangatho ngamnye wamandla, kuquka xa ngalinye lifanelekile.
  • Ukugxininisa ekunyuseni njengecebo elingundoqo naninina kukhuselekile kwaye kunokwenzeka.
  • Ukunika ingxelo egqithisileyo emva kokusetyenziswa kwamandla, nokuba kukho ingozi.
  • Iinkqubo zohlolo lwangaphakathi nolwangaphandle ukuchaza ukungahambi kakuhle okanye izithuba zokuqeqesha.
  • Ukusebenzisa imodeli yokuqhubekeka ngamandla ehambelana nemigangatho yesizwe, njengaleyo ipapashwe [[FLT: 0] Uphando lwesigqeba esiphezulu kwiForum[FLT: 1].

Ukutshintshela kwimigaqo-nkqubo esekelwe ekunyukeni komoya yafumana amandla emva kwesifo se-COVOID-19 kunye ne-2020 yokuqhankqalaza emva kokufa kukaGeorge Floyd. Amasebe amaninzi ngoku afuna amagosa ukuba angene xa umntu asebenza naye esebenzisa amandla agqithiseleyo kwaye enikela uncedo lwezamayeza ngokukhawuleza. Noko ke, inkqubo iyodwa ayinele. Kwanomsebenzi obhalwe kakuhle wezikhokelo zamandla ungazinzi ukuba abaphathi abaqeqeshelwanga ukuwasebenzisa kwiimeko eziphezulu kwaye ukuba umbutho awunawo ukuphendula.

Imigaqo-nkqubo yoLuntu

IPhondo loLuntu yintanda-bulumko kunye nenkqubo ekhuthaza ukugcinwa komthetho kunye noluntu ukuba bacombulule iingxaki ngokuqhubekayo. Ngokungafaniyo nomthetho onika amandla, ogxininisa ekuphenduleni iisicelo, amapolisa oluntu afuna ukuphendula unobangela wolwaphulo-mthetho oluziingcambu ze-"ezinje ngobuhlwempu, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, nokungabi namathuba ``kabini).

  • Izabelo ezihlala zihleli ngoko amagosa afumana ulwazi ngabemi namashishini asekuhlaleni.
  • Unxulumano oluneengxaki nezikolo, iinzuzo, nemibutho esekelwe kukholo.
  • Iindawo zokutyela eziqhelekileyo apho abemi banokuthetha khona bexhalabile baze banikele impendulo.
  • Iinkqubo zomanyano zolutsha ezifana nemidlalo yamapolisa nezokufundisa abantu.
  • Ukusetyenziswa kolwazi ukuchaza amachaphaza ashushu olwaphulo-mthetho kunye nendlela yokuyila ejoliswe kumaqhinga okukhusela.

I-ofisi yeSebe leNkcubeko yezobuProsomfazi (i-Ofisi ye-CONTP) inika izibonelelo kunye noqeqesho ukunceda abameli bamkele iprojekthi yoluntu. Uphando lubonisa ukuba amasebe anamaqhina oluntu aqinileyo anokufumana imilinganiselo ecacileyo, izikhalazo ezisezantsi zabemi, kunye nentsebenziswano enkulu kawonke-wonke ekuphengululeni. Kodwa ukuzalisekisa ezi zicwangciso kufuna ukufuduswa kwemodeli yezenkcubeko kusetyenziswa kwimo ye-Propulisa ukuya kulowo ukwamkela ukubonakala nokusebenza.

Uqeqesho nophuhliso

Uqeqesho yibhulorho eguqula inkqubo ibe yinkqubo. Ngaphandle komyalelo owaneleyo noqhubekayo, kwaneyona nkqubo ibalulekileyo ihlala isemaphepheni. Uqeqesho lokunyanzelisa imithetho namhlanje kufuneka lugubungele okungaphezulu kakhulu kunemipu ekwaziyo nokuzikhusela. Izifundo zale mihla ziquka:

  • Ingxaki yokungenelela kwingqeqesho yokuhlangabezana nabantu abagula ngengqondo.
  • Ukufundiswa kokusesikweni okugxininisa intlonelo, ukungabikho kobundilele nelizwi xa kudibana.
  • Ukuphaphela ngokupheleleyo nokusebenzisa iindlela zokunciphisa ukwahluka kobuhlanga ekunqandeni nasekubotshweni.
  • Uqeqesho olusekelwe kwimeko olufanisa iingxaki zehlabathi lokwenene, olufuna ukwenza izigqibo phantsi koxinzelelo.
  • Inkqubela yokhokelo yabalawuli ekukhokeleleni ihambo yokuziphatha nokubeka abangaphantsi esweni.

Amasebe amaninzi ngoku afuna iiyure zonyaka kwi-asethi-sterences kule miba, kodwa izithintelo zoqingqo-mali kunye nokujika kwemali zisoloko zilinganisela ubunzulu boqeqesho. Imibutho yesizwe efana ne- i-Acccream for Emplication for the Law Active Activements (COMLAA) imisela imigangatho yokuzithandela equka imfuno yoqeqesho, kodwa ukuthobela kuhlala kungangqinelani. I-at processionstingss eziphezulu [FORT], amaqumrhu noqeqesho olunikezelwayo olugxininisa uphuhliso kuphuculo oluqhubekayo.

Ukuphendula nokulawula umatshini

Ukuthemba uluntu kuxhomekeke kwinkolelo yokuba abameli bomthetho baza kuphendula amalungu abo xa kusenzeka ihambo embi. Iinkqubo zokuphendula kungenelelo lwangaphambili ziquka iinkqubo zokungenelela kwangoko ezithi abaphathi-mikhosi abaneendlela zokukhalaza, abasebenzisa amandla, okanye abasebenzi. Iibhodi zolawulo lwasekuhlaleni, iinkqubo zekhamera yequmrhu, kunye nezenzo ezicacileyo zoqeqesho zibalulekile. Ngaphandle kwezi nkqubo, kwanezi inguqulelo ezizinzileyo zinokungaphumeleli.

Uphando lwangaphandle, njengemimiselo yokuvumela kwesizwe, luye lwanyanzelisa amasebe amaninzi ukuba amkele amanyathelo okuphendula idata . Umzekelo, iSebe lamapolisa eLos Angeles lisebenzisa inkqubo yolawulo lomngcipheko evumela ukuba abaphathi-mikhosi balandele isimilo sabo kwaye bagunyazise ukungenelela xa imiqobo ingaphezulu. Ngokufanayo, uhlolo oluzimeleyo lokusetyenziswa kweziganeko zemfazwe nokupapashwa kweengxelo zonyaka ezifikeleleka kuluntu.

Ucelomngeni Lokuthobela Umthetho Onyanzelisa Igunya

Nangona ziluncedo ezibonelweni zemigaqo ebekwe ngendlela engalungelelananga, ukugcinwa kwazo zisemtshana kujongene nemiqobo ebalulekileyo.

Ukuxhathisa Ukuguquka

Inkcubeko yokugcinwa komthetho idla ngokusixabisa isithethe, ukunyaniseka, kunye nemigaqo emitsha elinganisela ubuchule okanye efuna amaxwebhu awongezelelekileyo isenokudityaniswa nokuthandabuza okanye inkcaso ecacileyo. Ukuchaswa kubonakaliswa ngeendlela ezininzi:

  • Amagosa akholelwa ukuba le mithetho mitsha “ayaphulwa kulwaphulo-mthetho” okanye angasebenzi
  • Isivumelwano esisisisigxina sesantya sotshintsho lwenkqubo okanye sokukhusela amagosa kwimilinganiselo ethile yoqeqesho.
  • Ukungathengi kwempahla kwabalawuli abaphambili abamele banyanzelise imigaqo-nkqubo.

Utshintsho oluphumelelayo lufuna ukhokelo ukuze lucacise “ngenxa yesizathu” emva kwenkqubo nganye, lubandakanya abaphathi kwinkqubo yokuyila, kwaye lunika amathuba aneleyo okufumana ingxelo. Xa amagosa eqonda ukuba inkqubo iwakhusela ngokobuqu /ngokunciphisa ukumangalelwa, ukuthintela ukukhutshwa kwetyala, kunye nokuxhasa uluntu.

Izilondolozi Zikavimba

Imithetho yezorhwebo yenziwa, kodwa amasebe amaninzi asebenza ngokuncipha koqingqo-mali kunye nokunyuka kweemfuno. Ukunqanda ugcino-mali kuchaphazela ukuphunyezwa kwenkqubo ngeendlela ezininzi:

  • Imali elinganiselweyo yokuqeqesha: Iiklasi zemfundo ezikwi - ­ zisenokuncitshiswa ukuze zihlawule ixesha elongezelelekileyo okanye izixhobo.
  • Ukunqongophala kwemisebenzi: Xa amasebe ephantsi kwabasebenzi, amagosa okubophelela abantu atsalelwa kwizixhobo zokusebenza, kwaye ukukhutshwa kwezixhobo ezisetyenziswayo kusenokunikezela kwintsabelo ekhawulezileyo.
  • Ubugcisa obungasetyenziswanga: Ugcino - lwazi buqu lufuna iinkqubo ezibalaseleyo zokulawula nokubulala iintsholongwane ezingenakukwazi ukufumaneka.

Inkxaso-mali ekhoyo kunye nemali karhulumente inokuba luncedo, kodwa ukulondolozwa okude kuhlala kulucelomngeni. Iimeko kufuneka zimisele imigaqo-nkqubo evelisa iingenelo ezinkulu zokhuseleko nokuthembana, kwanaxa ubuncwane bungekho.

Umgaqo-nkqubo Kawonke-wonke Nokuthemba

Kwanemigaqo engcono iya kungqineka ingasebenzi ukuba uluntu aluwathembi amapolisa. Okungekho sikweni ngokwembali, ulawulo olunetyala, kunye nezenzo eziphezulu zezenzo ezingalunganga eziphezulu ziye zaphelisa intembelo kumazwe amaninzi. U-Missplan ukhokelela ekuxelweni phantsi kolwaphulo-mthetho, ukuxhathisa ekuxhaseni ekuphandweni, nokugxekwa nguwonke-wonke okunokudimazeka amagosa. Ukwakha kudinga izenzo ezithe rhoqo, ezicace gca kwiminyaka emininzi, hayi nje uxwebhu olutsha lwenkqubo.

Imicimbi ebandakanyeka kwimicimbi yokusesikweni kwezendalo .) Ukuphulaphula imicimbi yoluntu, ukuchaza izigqibo, nokuphatha abantu ngesidima, ngokucothayo kulungise ulwalamano olubini oluphukileyo. Umzimba u-‘worn camera', iintlanganiso ezithe rhoqo zoluntu, kunye nophicotho-zincwadi oluzimeleyo zonke zifak' isandla ekubonakaleni. Kodwa ukuthemba i-[6] kusisitrato esibini; amaqela ebutho kufuneka avume iingozi ajongene nazo kunye nokuzincama.

Izenzo ezizizo zokwandiswa notshintsho

Ukusuka kwinkqubo ukuya kuqhelisela akuze kuzenzekele. Ezi ndlela zilandelayo zingcono zinokubanceda abameli bothule intsebenziswano notshintsho oluhlaziyiweyo kumsebenzi wemihla ngemihla.

Unxulumano loMphathiswa kwiNkcubeko

Imithetho eqaliswe ngokwahlukileyo ngabalawuli idla ngokuphoswa luphawu. Ukudibanisa abantu abanoludwe olubanzi lwabasebenzi ababotshelelweyo, kubandakanya amagosa ajikelezayo, abameli bengingqi, imibutho yamalungelo abantu, kunye nezifundiswa zempilo-ngqondo (iingxelo zemigaqo-nkqubo eluncedo, esesikweni, neyamkelekileyo. Iingenelo ziquka:

  • Ukuthobela okuphezulu kuba abaphathi bavakalelwa kukuba banayo imithetho.
  • Imigaqo echanekileyo ebangela iimeko zasekuhlaleni.
  • Abantu bathembana ngakumbi xa bebona indlela abacinga ngayo.

Amasebe amaninzi ngoku afumana amagqabaza kawonke-wonke phambi kokuba amkele iinguqu ezingundoqo zenkqubo, kwaye amanye amema amalungu oluntu ukuba ahlale kwiikomiti zokuhlola inkqubo. I-American Civil Liberès Union kunye namaqela asekuhlaleni akhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwamandla nemigaqo-nkqubo yokubonisa.

Uqeqesho oluqhubekayo nenkxaso

Uqeqesho lwexesha elithile alwanelanga. Ipolitiki kufuneka iqiniswe rhoqo ngeengcebiso ezisekelwe kwimifanekiso 76, izifundo ezihlaziyayo, kunye noqeqesho lwezibonelelo.

  • Uqeqesho lwenkqubo olungenayo kwimiba yemihla ngemihla kunye nokubizwa koomalathisi.
  • Sebenzisa i “burst” ukufunda iimodyuli , imfihlo, iividiyo okanye incoko.
  • Ukuqeqesha ngokulungisa imilinganiselo yokwaphula umthetho, kunokuthembela kuphela kwingqeqesho.
  • Nikela impilo yengqondo nenkxaso entle ukunciphisa uxinezeleko olunokukhokelela ekuyekeni kwenkqubo.

ISebe elingenisa inkqubo yemfundo lijonga ukuphulwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo njengamathuba okuphucula, hayi nje ukubonelela ngezenzo. Le ndlela inciphisa ukuphinda kuxolelwe kwaye iphucule ubuchule.

Uphando logcino-lwazi lweDrevernity

What gets measured gets managed. Agencies must collect and analyze data on stops, searches, arrests, use of force, and complaints to identify disparities and track progress. Best practices include:

  • Ukwenza inkqubo elumkisa abaphathi xa umsebenzi wegosa uphambuka kwizithethe.
  • Ukupapasha iingxelo zokukhanya konyaka ezisusiweyo.
  • Ukusebenzisa ababali abazimeleyo ukuze bahlole iziganeko ezimaxongo baze bancome uwonke wonke.
  • Ukunxulumanisa ukunyuselwa nokuvavanywa kwemigaqo-nkqubo kunye nengxelo yoluntu.

Ubugcisa, njengeebhodi zokusebenza ezizihambelayo kunye nezixeli-phambili zokusetyenziswa kwemithambo-luvo, zinokubanceda abameli babone iingxaki ngaphambi kokuba zikhule. Noko ke, ugcino-lwazi lulodwa alwanele; kufuneka ludityaniswe nozibopho zokwenene lokuthatha inyathelo kwiziphumo.

Ukhokelo Lokuzinikela Neenguqu Zenkcubeko

Ekugqibeleni, ukuphunyezwa kwenkqubo okuhlala kudinga ukhokelo kumgangatho ngamnye ukufuzisela isimilo esifunekayo. Iintloko kunye nabagwebi kufuneka balwenze utshintsho, bazigcine benoxanduva, kunye namagosa amkela iindlela ezintsha. Utshintsho lwenkcubeko alubikho ngobusuku, kodwa lungakhawuleziswa ngu:

  • Uninzi lwabathathi-nxaxheba (77%) lubonise ukuba
  • Ukubhiyozela impumelelo, njengokuncitshiswa kwezikhalazo okanye uphuculo kuphando loluntu.
  • Ukuthabathela indawo abaphathi abachasayo utshintsho kwabo babonakalisa imilinganiselo ehamba phambili.

Ingcinezelo yangaphandle evela kumagosa anyuliweyo, kumaziko eendaba nakumaqela alwamkelo lungaqhubela phambili utshintsho, kodwa amaqhawe angaphakathi abalulekile ukuze ahlale eqinile. Ukwakha ikhoda “labantwana bokukhulisa bakuqala” phakathi kwala maqela kunceda ukusasaza izithethe ezintsha ezikhoyo.

Isiphelo

Ukudibana kwemigaqo-nkqubo kunye nezenzo zomthetho kumthetho akuyondawo emileyo .Imeko esebenzayo apho iingcamango zidibana khona. Iinkqubo zesandi zinika isiseko sokulunga, sobupolisa obuqhelekileyo, kodwa zisebenza kuphela njengoqeqesho, ubuncwane, kunye nenkcubeko ezixhasayo. Xa iinkqubo zingenziwa kakuhle okanye zisetyenziswa ngaphandle kokuthenga, zinokukhokelela ekudibaniseni, ukungafezeki, nokungabi nabulungisa. Ngokuchaseneyo, xa amaqumrhu efaka ukhuthuzo olucacileyo, oluqulukileyo, kunye nogcino-data (8driven) lusebenza ngendlela eqhubekekayo, kwaye luzixhasa ngokuziqeqesha ngokuzinzisa okuqhubekayo nokuziphendulela kokunyaniseka nokungathemba okuthe kokwenene. Kubaqeqeqeshi nabafundi bolwaphulo-mthetho, ukuqonda oku akuyo imfundo nje; kulungiselelwa umsebenzi onzima kodwa okubalulekileyo wokuphucula umthetho woluntu.