Table of Contents

Kuwo wonke u-2024, abamisi-mthetho baseUnited States baba nenxaxheba kwiingxoxo ezinzulu kunye neengxoxo ezingaphaya kotshintsho olubanzi lwenkqubo yomda oluza kuphinda luqale indlela elizweni eliqhuba ngayo ukufuduka, ukhuseleko, kunye nokhuseleko lomda. Ezi zicelo zavela ngokuchasene nomda ophezulu wokufuduka obhaliweyo e-U.S.-Mexico, ugcino-mali oluxinezelekileyo, kunye nolwahlulo olunzulu lwezopolitiko oluza kugqiba ekugqibeleni isiphelo soko bambi bakubiza ngokuba ngumthetho obalulekileyo wokufuduka kumashumi eminyaka.

Umhlaba woMthetho: IiBhili ezinkulu kunye neeMpazamo

Iqela le-bipartisan leqela labameli be-U.S. lazisa uMthetho we-Emergency National Security Appropriations, 2024 ngoFebruwari 4, 2024. Lo mpakisho wowiso-mthetho uquka utshintsho olubalulekileyo oluza kuguqula ukhuseleko lomda kunye nenkqubo yokhuseleko kwiU.S. NgoMeyi, i-U.S. uChenator Chris Murphy (D-CT) wasungula i-S. 4361, uMdal-Act woMdal 2024. Ezi zindululo zimela iinyanga zokhuseleko olunobuchule phakathi kweRiphabliki neDemocracracracy abenzi bomthetho abafuna umhlaba ofana kwiminye yemibango yenk yemibango yongqungquthelano.

UMthetho woKhuseleko lweSizwe woMkhosi woKhuseleko luka-2024 uquka ngaphezu kwama-20,2 ezigidi zezigidi zeerandi ukwenzela "umda" ukuxhasa ngemali kunye namakhulu amaphepha omda kunye neziguqulo zokufuduka. Ukwenziwa okubanzi kwezi zicelo kwabonisa ukuntsonkotha kweengxaki zolawulo lomda ezijongene nohlanga, ukuchaza yonke into ukusuka kwizibonelelo zokoqobo ukuya kwiinkqubo zokhuseleko.

Indlu yabameli ikwaphuhlisa indlela yayo yokuzimela ngomthetho owahlukeneyo. Ekuqaleni kwintlanganiso yengqungquthela, iHouse Republicans idlulise iH.R. 2, ukuKhuselwa koMthetho woMda woMda wowama-2023, oye wathatha indlela eyahlukileyo kukhuseleko lomda kunokulalanisa kweBharte. Oku kutshona phakathi kwamagumbi kungangqineka kungomnye wemiqobo emininzi yokufumana utshintsho olunentsingiselo.

Inxenye yecandelo lotshintsho lomda

Isiseko sokhuseleko lomda onyusiweyo kunye nobuxhakaxhaka bobugcisa

Imali iyakukhokelele ngqo malunga ne-2020bn kumthetho owongezelelekileyo kumda we-US kunye ne-Mexico nokulwa nokurhwebelana ngeziyobisi. Oku kuveliswa kubalulekileyo okujolise kubuchule bokhuseleko lwangoku ngamathuba amaninzi. Imali iyakuxhasa ulwakhiwo nonyuselo lwemiqobo ephathekayo, ukuthunyelwa kwenkqubo yokuhlola ehambele phambili, kunye nokuphunyezwa kobugcisa bokufumanisa i-edgege ex kwizibuko lokungena.

Uphuhliso lwezibonelelo olucetyiweyo lwadlula ngaphaya kweendonga eziqhelekileyo zomda. UNobhala uza kunikezela kwiikomiti ezifanelekileyo zombutho wokuphumeza, kuquka imiqondiso edibeneyo yonyaka yokwakhiwa kweekhilomitha ezingama-200 zodonga olunjalo kunye noqikelelo lwexabiso lokwanelisa zonke iimfuno zolwakhiwo lomda, kuquka ukufakwa nokuthunyelwa kwezixhobo zobuchule, ubugcisa, nezinye izinto. Le ndlela ibanzi iqonda ukuba ukhuseleko lomda olusebenzayo lufuna ubuchule obudityaniswe nezicombululo zobugcisa.

Urhwebo lobugcisa luquka ukuphucula izixhobo zokuhlola izixhobo ezenziwe ukufumanisa ifentanyl kunye namanye amayeza angekho mthethweni, ukunyusa iinkqubo zokufunda ipleyiti yelayisensi kumazibuko enqanawa okungena, kunye neenkqubo zolawulo ezidityanisiweyo ezidityanisiweyo. Ezi ndlela zobugcisa zokuphuhlisa ukuphucuka komthetho onyanzelekileyo nokusebenza komda ngeli lixa kuncitshiswa umthwalo kwabasebenzi.

Inkqutyana yeSebe neMiqathango yeNkcubeko yeNkcubeko

Isicelo sowiso-mthetho se-bipartisan saquka malunga nama-200,000 ezigidi zeerandi zoovimba bongezelelweyo be-DHS namanye amasebe ukuzalisekisa amagunya amatsha, anjenge: (a) angaphezu kwe-1,500 amaTribastom kunye ne-Bord Teader Province (CBP) abasebenzi, kuquka abameli boMda we-Patrol kunye nabaphathi-CBP; (b) abamalunga nama-200,000 amatsha okhuseleko kunye nabasebenzi abatsha base-U.S.S. i-Inkonzo yokwahlula-mthetho ne-Inkonzo yokuphucula i-RC, ukulungiselela izigqibo ezifikelelwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo; (c) amaqela amatsha abagwebi abatsha abathathi-100 abancedisa ukulayisha ityala lokhuseleko kunye namatyala e-CBP. Abasebenzi bayavuma ukuba ubugcisa bodwa abanakuthetha ngocelomngeni kumda, oovimba-oomadadiosi, kunye nenkqubo.

Ukhupho-goduso loqeshiweyo lwamela olunye lolwandiso olukhulu lokunyanzeliswa kwabasebenzi abafudukayo kunye nobuchule bokulungiselela kwimbali yakutshanje. Le ngxelo inyusa irhafu esisiseko yabaphathi bokhuseleko kwaye inika i-DHS igunya elithe ngqo lokwexeshana ukuba liqeshe abasebenzi ukuba basebenzise eli tyala. La malungiselelo ajolise ekutsaleni abathathi-nxaxheba nabaqeshi abafanelekileyo, abaye bacotha kwaye badinisa ikhondo lokuqesha, nto leyo embalini ibisithi ithe tha kwaye inzima.

Ngaphaya koko, abasebenzi abagada imida kunye namagosa okhuseleko, izindululo zaziquka ukuxhaswa kwemali yabasebenzi abahlalisanayo kunye ne-Camustom Enigforcement (ICE), abasebenzi abaxhasa iinkundla zokufuduka, kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela kunye neenkonzo ezikhoyo kubantu abavela kwamanye amazwe. Le ndlela yolawulo lokhuseleko yavuma ukuba ulawulo lomda ludlulele ngaphaya komda ophathekayo ukuze kuquke ukunyanzelwa kolawulo lwangaphakathi kunye neenkqubo zokuxhasa abantu.

Ukuguquka Kwendaleko Kukuqhubekeka Kwenkqubo

Imimiselo engundoqo enxulumene nokufuduka yemali ingenza oku kulandelayo: Yakha inkqubo entsha yokhuseleko kumda wase-U.S. apho amagosa okhuseleko azimeleyo akwisakhelo sexesha elinqamleziweyo. Oku kwamela ukulungiswa okusisiseko kwendlela i-United States esingatha ngayo izicelo zokhuseleko, isusa igunya elibalulekileyo elivela kwiinkundla zokufuduka ukuya kumagosa okhuseleko kumda.

Imali imisela inkqubo entsha yokhuseleko kumda wase-U.S. Le nkqubo intsha inika abasebenzi bokhuseleko base-U.S. kunye ne-Immigration Services (USCIS) abaphethe imvume yokukhupha imvume yokukhusela emdeni. Phantsi kwale nkqubo, abafuni bekhusi bafumana izikhuseli zokuqala nezigqibo, ezinokunciphisa iminyaka ekudala imelwano yenkqubo yangoku.

Injongo yoninzi lweelungiselelo ezinxulumene nenkqubo yokhuseleko izakuba kukuhlisa ixesha lokulinda ukusuka kwiminyaka eyi-5-7 ukuya kwiinyanga ezintandathu. Oku kukhawulezisa okuphawulekayo okujoliswe ekuthetheni ngenye yezona ngxaki zibalulekileyo ngenkqubo ekhoyo: umva omkhulu weemeko ezilindeleyo ezishiya abafuni bekhusi bekwisikhuseli esisemthethweni kangangeminyaka ngelixa belindele ukusetyenziswa.

Kwakhona utshintsho lwaquka utshintsho kwiindlela zokhuseleko kunye nenkqubo zokuhlola. Lo mthetho ukwangeza neminye imiqathango enxulumene nokukwazi kwabafuduki ukucela indawo yokusabela. Le miqathango ijolise ekuqinisekiseni ukuba oovimba bekhusi bajolise kubantu abaneemfuno zokhuseleko zokwenene ngoxa bevavanya izinto ezingekho ngqiqweni okanye ezingekho mthethweni ngokukhawuleza.

Igunya Lengxaki Yomda: Ingxaki Exhokonxa Izixhobo Zokusebenzisa Umatshini

Mhlawumbi eyona nto ididana kakhulu kutshintsho olucetyisiweyo yayikukwenziwa kwe-"Border Emergency Agure" eyakutshintsha ufikelelo lokhuseleko olusekelwe kumgangatho wodaba. Olu xwebhu lutsha luye lwazisa ingcamango yenkcukumiso, eya kuthatyathwa xa inani labafuduki abadibana namagosa omda linqumla umlinganiselo wama-5,000 kwikhondo leveki. Umthetho unika umongameli amandla okuvala umda osezantsi kunye neMexico ukuba ngabanduluki abangaphaya kwama-4 000 bazama ukunqumla umda ngeveki.

Xa umgangatho wemihla ngemihla ufikelela kuma-4000 kumlinganiselo weentsuku ezisixhenxe, umongameli kunye neSebe loKhuseleko lwasekhaya (DHS) banobuchule bokusebenzisa eli gunya litsha lokugxotha. Kodwa xa kufikelelwa kumawaka angamashumi amahlanu anesixhenxe omlinganiselo, okanye umongameli u-500 nangaluphi na usuku, kuya kufuneka asebenzise eli gunya. Le ndlela iqulathe inika isebe eliphetheyo umgangatho osezantsi xa kufikelelwa kwimiqobo ephezulu.

Ngoko, igunya longxamiseko leza nezithintelo ezibalulekileyo. Eli tyala lifuna urhulumente ukuba avumele abantu bafune indawo yokhuseleko kumazibuko okungena kwanangexesha longxamiseko kwaye lifuna urhulumente agcine umthamo wongeniso lwemihla eli-400 lwemihla ngemihla ngale ndlela (_ukuqinisekisa ukuba indawo yokhuseleko ayinakufumaneka ngokupheleleyo. Eli lungiselelo lazama ukulinganisa iinjongo zolawulo lomda kunye nezibophelelo zokunceda abantu phantsi komthetho wezizwe ngezizwe.

IGunya loMda weEmergency beliza kutshona ilanga kwiminyaka emithathu emva kokumiswa; noko ke, iKhonklathi ingagqiba ekubeni yandiswe. Eli lungiselelo lokutshona kwelanga labonisa inkxalabo ngokudala amandla ongxamiseko asisigxina ngeli lixa livuma ukuba imeko yomda ingafuna amanyathelo okwexeshana angaqhelekanga.

Ukuzibekela Injongo Nezinto Ezinokusetyenziswa Ukuze Uzigcine Usemzimbeni

Ityala lifuna ukufuduswa kweImmigration neCamustion (ICE) ukuqinisekisa imigaqo-nkqubo engaguquguqukiyo yokusetyenziswa kokuvalelwa kuzo zonke iinxalenye. Baya kufuna ukubeka le nkqubo kwindawo kwiintsuku ezingama-90 kwaye bayibeke kuluntu ngokubanzi. Noko ke, inika nemali ye-ICE ukugcina ubuncinane iibhedi zokuvalelwa zikho (i-47,000 ekhulwini leebhedi ezibelwe ngowama-2023, 20222, kunye nama-2021.

Le ndlela ibini yokungena ngezantsi — ukudlulisela kobabini ubuchule bokuvalelwa kunye nezinto ezinokusetyenziswa ekuvalelweni ngaphaya komthetho. Abaxhasi bokwandiswa kwentolongo baphikisa ukuba kwakuyimfuneko ukunyanzeleka ukuba kuqikelelwe nokuqinisekisa ukuba imbonakalo ikwizindululo zokufuduka. Abameli bolunye uhlobo bakhomba ubungqina bokuba iinkqubo zolawulo olusekelwe ekuhlaleni zifumana isantya sokuthotyelwa kwexabiso eliphezulu ngexabiso eliphantsi kwaye zingenazingxwaleko kuneli abantu.

Imfuneko yemigaqo-nkqubo ekhoyo engoguquguquko efumaneka ekuhlaleni ekholeleni kwiindlela ezinokusetyenziswa ekuvaleleni imele ukuzama ukuzisa ukubonakala okungakumbi kunye nomgangatho kwinkqubo eye yahluka-hlukene kakhulu ngokwembali kwii-ofisi ze-ICE ezahlukeneyo kunye nemimandla.

Iindlela Zasemthethweni Ezandisiweyo Nezikhuselo

Ngoxa umthetho omninzi owawujolise kumthetho onyanzelisa ukugcinwa komthetho nemiqathango, wawuquka namalungiselelo okwandisa iindlela zokufuduka ezisemthethweni. Kwiminyaka emihlanu elandelayo, isivumelwano sasiza kuvumela iimvume ezingakumbi zokungena kumatyala angama-50 000 nyaka ngamnye kwaye sasiza kumisela iindlela ezikhawulezayo zokuhlala ngokusisigxina kubantu base-Afghanistan abahlala eUnited States.

Ityala liquka ulwimi olufana noMthetho we-Afghan Seant olwenziwe ebudeni bemimiselo emibini yokugqibela yeBhunga. Liza kuseka inkqubo ehambayo kodwa engqongqo kubafuduki base-Afghan abangazange bafumane indawo yokukhosela ukuze balungise imo yabo esemthethweni kwi-Manitheal Resident. Eli lungiselelo lithetha ngemeko eyingozi engokwasemthethweni yamashumi amawaka ama-Afghanistan awafuduselwa eUnited States emva kokuthatyathwa komkhosi waseTalibhan ngowama-2021 kodwa engenawo ummiselo osemthethweni osisigxina.

Ekuphenduleni ekutyhalelweni kwezolawulo-demokhrasi kunye noosodolophu abaqhubana negandla elibalulekileyo labafuduki kumaphondo abo nakwizixeko zabo, ityala liquka imvume yomsebenzi kubafuduki ukuze bafumane imisebenzi njengoko iimeko zabo zifezekiswa. Eli lungiselelo laqonda ukuba abafuni bekhusi basoloko belinda iinyanga okanye iminyaka ukuze bafumane isigqibo kwaye bayakwazi ukuzixhasa kunokuba bathembele kuncedo lukawonke-wonke okanye basebenze ngokungekho mthethweni.

Imiqathango Egunyani Elingaphelelanga

Imali yetyala ilinganisela ukusetyenziswa kwesohlwayo sabafuduki abafika e-U.S. ngokomhlaba, kunye nezinye iindidi ezikhethekileyo. ILenkiford (R-OK) yabonisa ukuba "ukwanda koluntu olunobuntu kuyacaciswa" kwimali yemali, inciphisa indlela esetyenziswa ngayo emdeni. Oku kwamela isinyanzelo esibalulekileyo kwisebe elilawulayo kwimicimbi yezelizwe.

AbaseBreki babegxeke ukusebenzisa kwabalawuli iinkqubo ze-parence, bephikisa ngokuthi bathintele iziqhagamshelanisi ezisezantsi zokufuduka kwaye badala ngokunempumelelo iindlela ezintsha ezisemthethweni ngaphandle kogunyaziso lomthetho. Imiqathango ecetyiweyo ejolise ekubekeni imilinganiselo ekhethekileyo kwiimeko zobuntu ezikhethekileyo kunokuba ibe sisixhobo solawulo lomda.

Izixhobo Nenkxaso Yomthetho Wezobupolitika

Inkxaso yokuqala

Abaququzeleli bendlu yeCante bafikelele isivumelwano kwisivumelwano semali yebhipartisan engamawaka ali-18 ezigidi zeerandi ukuthetha kumda wase-U.S. Emva kweenyanga zokuthethana, i-trio yeNdlu yee-agotams yatyhila isivumelwano se-bipartisan sokufumana i-R18 bhiden ii-arhentes, kunye ne-Senters Sinetema (I-Arizona), kunye ne-Centers Murphy (Dixyut), emela umgudu wokwenene wokufumana umhlaba.

"Ngoku sifikelele isivumelwano kukhuseleko lwesizwe esiquka esona sicwangciso somda sinzima nesilungileyo. Ndisixhasa ngamandla, Biden, kwingxelo. Isiqinisekiso soMongameli sathi ulawulo lujonge ulalaniso njengolwamkelekileyo phezu kwayo nje iquka amalungiselelo athintelweyo agunyazisweyo kunye nemigangatho yekongamela eqinisiweyo ngaphezu koko iDmocrates ixhaswe ngokwesithethe.

"Lo msebenzi uvelisa ithuba lokwenene lokuba iKhomishini ithethe nemida yethu kwaye yenze inkqubela kwindlela ephumelelayo nenomthombo ofanelekileyo," iNdlu yeQela leMajoni elinguMhosa uChuck Schumer, D-N.Y., yaxelela iintatheli emva kwenkcukacha zesicelo ezikhululweyo. Inkxaso yolawulo-modemokhrasi yabonisa ukuqwalaselwa ukuba inkxalabo yokhuseleko lomda yayikukungakhuselwa kwezobupolitika kwaye ukulala kuyimfuneko ukukhusela inkxaso kwezinye izinto eziphambili, kuquka noncedo lwaseUkraine nakwaSirayeli.

Inkcaso YaseRiphabliki Neenkcubeko Zezobupolitika

Ngaphandle kwemvelaphi ekwakuvela kuyo umthetho, inkxaso yamaRiphabliki yakhawuleza yaphela. USpeaker weHome Mike Johnson wayigxeka, esithi ayinzima ngokwaneleyo kubafuduki. Umthetho sele ubetha udonga lwesitena kwiNdlu apho iinkokeli zeGOP ziyivakalisayo ukuba ifile xa ifika.

Njengokuba umba womda uba ligophe elisembindini kwiphulo lomongameli lama-2024, kwaye owayenguMongameli uTrump ebongoza ekuhleni abenzi bomthetho we-GOP ukuba bachase ulwabo, amathemba okufikelela kwidesika kaMongameli Biden abonakala emfiliba. Inkcaso kaTrump yangqineka iqinile ekuguquleni uluvo lomthetho oluchaswe ngabaninzi ngaphambili.

Trump yanyanzelisa abenzi be-GOP ukuba babulale naluphina ugqatso olungabanga "lugqibelelekanga" kwaye waphumelela. Abahlalutyi baphikisa ngelithi intshukumisa kaTrump yayingokwezobupolitika kunokuba ibe yi-Trump ephantsi kwe-"ifuna ukulondoloza isiphithiphithi somda njengembambano yephulo kunokuba avumele uBiden avume ukubolekisa ingxaki yakhe ngomthetho webhipartis.

"Trump waxelela amaqabane akhe eMAGA ukuba ayibulale kwimikhondo yayo ukuze asebenzise imbambano ekwindlela yephulo," iNdlu yeQelo leeNtsimbi iChuck Schumer, D-N.Y., yaxelela iintatheli emva kwevoti. Esi sityholo sabalaselisa umlinganiselo apho inkqubo yokufuduka iye yathotyelwa kwezobupolitika ezinyuliweyo, ngokuqwalasela okuphantsi kwemithetho yokuthatha indawo yokuhlala emva kwiphulo.

Imisebenzi yeCandelo engaphumelelanga

Intshukumo yokuqhubeka noMthetho woMda woMmandla kwipakethi ayiphumelelanga ngevoti yo-49-50. Ivoti kaFebruwari yamela ukoyiswa kokuqala kolalanisa. Imithetho yeNdlu yeQela yasilela ukuqhubela phambili kwivoti yama-343-50 yeprocedual. Imali yokhuseleko yomda, S.4361, yafumana amavoti ambalwa ngoLwesine njengesivumelwano sobubhali boncedo bangaphandle kunenxalenye yempahla enkulu yoncedo yangaphandle ngoFebruwari.

ICante Democrates Democrates yasilela ukuqhuba ityala lokhuseleko lomda we-bipartan uLwesine, phantse yonke i-Riphabliki ivota kumntwana otshayelela i-Donald Trump uphethe isiphithiphithi somda njengesazulu sephulo lakhe elichasene noMongameli Joe Biden. Phantse bonke abaGOP isentator, kunye nabathandathu abakwaDemocrats, bavota ku-Dialbuster irekhodi ye-biparstan ecenzelwe ukuqhekeza nokuhlisa imida. Ivoti kaMeyi ibonisa ukuba inkxaso yakhe enyani ekhoyo ekwathi ngeli xesha i-Democrates abaqala ukuyixhasa iplas ngoku ephikisana nayo.

I-New Jersey Sen. Cory Booker yathi kwingxelo yoLwesithathu lo matshini wayevotela ukuba ipakethe enkulu ekuqaleni kukaFebruwari – ingakumbi ngenxa yokuba yayiquka uncedo olubalulekileyo kwi-Ukraine – akazukwenza oko ngalo lonke ixesha kuba ityala lalingqongqo kakhulu. Oku kwabonisa inkxalabo eqhubekayo yokuba amaDemocrat aye avuma kakhulu ekuthetheni ngengxoxo kwaye imiqathango yemali ekwindawo yokhuseleko ingenza umonakalo kubemi abasengozini.

Iimpikiswano Ezixhasa Utshintsho

Ukhuseleko loMda noBukhosi beSizwe

Abaxhasi botshintsho baphikisa ngelithi ukhuseleko olunyusiweyo lomda lwalufuneka kulawulo lwesizwe nokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke. Balatha kumanani aphezulu abhaliweyo okudibana nawo kumda womzantsi njengobungqina bokuba inkqubo ekhoyo yaphukile kwaye amanyathelo angaqhelekanga ayefuneka ukubuyisela ucwangco nolawulo.

Abaxhasi bagxininisa ukuba ukhuseleko olusebenzayo emdeni lukhusela abantu baseMerika ekuthutheni iziyobisi, ingakumbi ukuqukunjelwa kwefentanyl okuye kwafa amashumi amawaka abantu abasebenzisa kakubi iziyobisi ngonyaka. Ubeko lwemali kubugcisa bokuhlola kunye nabasebenzi abajolise ekuthinteleni iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni ngaphambi kokuba bangene kumaMerika.

Kwakhona abaxhasi baphikisa ngelithi ukhuseleko lomda nenkxalabo yoluntu zazingaxhomekekanga ngokupheleleyo. Ngokudala iinkqubo zokulungiselela ezilungeleleneyo nezifanelekileyo, utshintsho lwaluya kuvumela urhulumente ukuba ababone aze abakhusele abantu ngezicelo zokhuseleko zokwenene ngoxa ethintela izicelo zobuqhetseba nokunqumla okungekho mthethweni.

Izixhobo ezigcina iliso lenkqubo nokulibazisa

Ngokukodwa, ijolise ekunciphiseni ubuninzi apho abantu balinda iminyaka ukuze bafumane isiphumo sokugqibela kwityala labo lokhuseleko. Isiqinisekiso esikhulu kwiinkundla zokufuduka `````izigidi' zamatyala alindeleyo''') kunye nokuyila inkqubo apho okusesikweni kwazimiselayo ukulibaziseka kokusesikweni kwabangafunwayo bekhusi kunye norhulumente.

Abaxhasi baphikisa ngelithi ukulibaziseka kwenkqubo yangoku yokufuduka okungekho mthethweni kuba abafuduki babesazi ukuba bangahlala eUnited States iminyaka ngelixesha amatyala abo egqunyelelwa kwiinkundla, kungakhathaliseki iziphumo ezipheleleyo. Ukwenziwa ngokukhawuleza oku kungadala iziphumo ezikhawulezileyo kwabo bangakhange bafune mvume zisemthethweni ngeli xesha benika isiqabu esikhawulezileyo kwabo baneemfuno zokhuseleko zokwenene.

Utyalo-mali kumagosa okhuseleko olongezelelekileyo kunye nabagwebi abavela kwamanye amazwe lumele ukuqwalaselwa ukuba iingxaki zenkqubo zivela ngokwenxenye kubuncwane obungaphelelanga. Ukuqesha oku kuthetha ukuzama ukuvuma, nokusombulula ezinye zeengxaki ezingundoqo ngenkqubo yomda neyokhuseleko yangoku, nokuthetha nokusilela kukarhulumente ukulawula ukufuduka ngendlela exhasa uluntu lwaseMelika kunye neemfuno zobuntu.

Ukuyekelela Nokuzicombulula

Abameli bagxininisa ukuba lo mthetho wawumele ukulalanisa okunqabileyo kwimbambano eye yahlula amaMelika kangangamashumi eminyaka. Sen. uJames Lankford (R-Okla), owayengumphathi okhokelayo kulo mthetho, wagxininisa ukuba amanye amaRiphabliki athandabuzayo ngemithetho kufuneka aqonde ukuba umthetho "uvelisa ingxubevange yeengxaki zexesha elide kunye nezikhalazo eziye zabakho kumthetho wekhusi kwaye usinika igunya longxamiseko ngoku kumda."

Abaxhasi baphikisa ngelithi akufunekanga ibe lutshaba olugqibeleleyo lokulungileyo, nangona umthetho ungalwanelisi ukhetho lwabo bonke, umele inkqubela ecacileyo kwimbambano enzima. Utshintsho kulalanisa okungafezekanga lwaluqhubekeka lukhokelwe luxinzelelekile kwaye iimeko ziyawohloka emdeni.

Inkcaso Nokugxekwa

Amacebo aququzelelayo

Abachasi abaququzeleli baphikisa ngelithi umthetho awuzange uhambe phantse ngokwaneleyo ukukhusela umda kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo edityanisiweyo edityanisiweyo edityanisiweyo. Isitshixo semali sinokuba akukho mali okanye utshintsho lomthetho lungakhusela umda, kwaye ukhuseleko lomda lulo kuphela umlinganiselo iBhunga elifanele liwusebenzise.

IBhunga leNtsimbi lidibanisa uMongameli Biden' noNobhala we-DHS uMayorkas avulekileyo izixhobo zomda kumthetho. La manyathelo awazukuqhubeka nje kuphela nengxaki yomda kodwa angenza kube nzima ngakumbi nakowuphi na uMongameli oxhotyiswe ngumthetho ukuba alungise. Oku kugxekwa kwabonisa inkxalabo yokuba umthetho uza kutshixa kwiinkqubo ezijongwa ngabantu abatyekele kwimithetho engqongqo.

Abahlalutyi babonisa imiphetho yenkcubeko njengobungqina bokuba ityala lamkeleke ngokungenakuvunywa kwiqondo eliphezulu lokufuduka okungekho mthethweni. Bathi ukuvumela amava angamawaka amane anesihlanu ngemini phambi komlinganiselo wongxamiseko ukhatywa ngokunempumelelo ekufudukeni kwabantu abaninzi ngokungekho mthethweni kunokuba kuthintelwe.

Ngexabiso elingaphezu kwamawaka asixhenxe ezigidi zeSebe loKhuseleko lwasekhaya, uRhulumente, neSebe lezeMpilo nezoLuntu, iBhiden Administration iza kuphinda ixhase i- "astctuary" ngokomthetho kunye nemibutho engeyoyaburhulumente (NGOs) ebiye yabangela ukuba abantu abaninzi bafuduke ngokungekho mthethweni, isebenzisa intlawulo karhulumente enikezelwe ngaba basemasebeni. Oku kugxekwa kwabonisa ukuchasana okuthe rhoqo kwezentengiso yemali yemali yequmrhu ababeyijonga njengebangela ukufuduka okungekho mthethweni.

Inkxalabo Eqhubekayo Neyokunceda Abantu

Ngoko, ityala liza kulimisela ngokuqatha ilungelo lomntu lokufuna indawo yokhuseleko ngokugxotha ngokukhawuleza abafuduki ngendlela enokubeka ukhuseleko engozini ikhokelele ekuqhubekeni kokuphathwa kakubi. Abagxeki abahambela phambili baphikisa ngelithi umthetho wanikela ukhuseleko olusisiseko lobuntu ekulandeleni iinjongo zonyanzelo.

Ngoko, amanyathelo ayo alungileyo kule ndlela ancitshiswa ligunya elitsha "lobugosa bobuchule" eliphinda iimpazamo ezenziwe yiTrump kunye nolawulo lwebhiden: ukwenza ukhuseleko lube lungafumaneki kakhulu kwabo basweleyo, ngexa besilela ukuthumela umyalezo ocacileyo kwabo bafika kwixesha elizayo. Abahlalutyi babexhalabisa ukuba igunya longxamiseko laliza kuwancama ngokunempumelelo amalungelo okhuseleko ngexesha elililo xa kanye ukhuseleko lwalufuneka luphezulu.

Abaphambukeli abafika phakathi kwezibuko lolwazi bangagxothwa ngaphandle kokuba "babonisa" uloyiko lwentshutshiso okanye ukuthuthunjiswa ukuba babuya. Umthetho wakutshanje wolawulo lwe Biden ngokufanayo uyabagxotha abantu ngaphandle kokuba badibana nolu khutshelo lungacacanga nolunzima "lunokusuka" oluchaseneyo. Ukuqhelisa, ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi, olu vavanyo alukwazi ukufumanisa abantu abanoloyiko lokwenene ngokubhekiselele ekubuyeni. Olu lugxeko lubalaselw'iiiiintengo zokuba imigaqo yokuziseko-ekhusini iza kuphosa intelelo esemthethweni.

Abameli bamalungelo arhoxayo bakwagxeka ukwandiswa kwamalungelo abo. Oku kunyusa imali inkqubo yokuvalelwa kwabantu abangenayo kwilizwe ngaphandle kokuvelela okukhulayo. Abahlalutyi baphikisa ngelithi ukuvalelwa kufanele kube yinto yokugqibela, kungekhona indlela engagqibekanga yokuzilungisa, kwaye ukuba ukwandisa amandla ngaphandle kokusingatha iingxaki zenkqubo kunye neemeko zokuvalelwa nokungakhathaleli kwakungabonisi ngqalelo.

Inkxalabo egqithiseleyo

Ngokudala imimiselo emibini eyahlukeneyo yenkqubo exhomekeke ekubeni igunya lokhuseleko lalisebenza okanye akunjalo (ngaphandle kokuba lichaze ukuba lalisebenza na nangaliphi na ixesha elinikiweyo). Lo mda uzakunyusa ukudideka kumda we-U.S./Mexico. Abameli bomda wePatrol, i-Immigration Services (USCIS) nabaphathi bokhuseleko kunye nabaphambukeli baza kushiywa bengaqinisekanga ngesiseko semini ukuya kutsho kwi-inkonzo esenziwe ngayo.

Olu hlalutyo lokusebenza lubalaselise imingeni eluncedo ngokusebenzisa inkqubo enokutshintsha phakathi koorhulumente abahlukeneyo besekelwe kumgangatho wokudibana. Abahlalutyi babexhalabile kukuba ukuntsonkotha okunjalo kwakuza kudala ukudideka, ukutshintsha kwesicelo kunye nocelomngeni olungokwasemthethweni oluza kuphazamisa ukusebenza komthetho.

Imo Ebanzi: Isizathu Sokuba Utshintsho Olusemdeni Lungqineke Lunzima Kangaka

Umphakamo wokufuduka okushicilelweyo

Inani labantu ababanjwa ngabathunywa boMda wePatrol kumda we-U.S./Mexico) abaninzi babo abazijikayo ku-$_ayizange ibonwe ngaphambili. Izibonelelo ezikhoyo, imithetho nemigaqo-nkqubo ayanelanga ukulungiselela abantu, ukuvavanya naziphi na iimfuneko zokuzikhusela ngokunempumelelo nangokufanelekileyo, okanye babavumele ukuba bazixhase eUnited States xa belinde isigqibo kwiimeko zabo.

Inkqubo yethu yokufuduka eqhekekileyo inegalelo ngqo ekufudukeni okungokwembali esikubonayo kulo lonke iNtshona yeIkhweyitha, ixhatshazwa ziimeko zezoqoqosho, iintlekele zendalo, nokunganqabiseki jikelele, kwaye esi sibakala, sidibene nezixhobo ezingenamandla okugcina isantya, siphinda sawanciphisa ngamandla ethu kumda. Isiphumo singumjikelo oyingozi apho iindawo zethu zoMda weUnited States zisoloko zisemngciphekweni ophezulu, inkqubo yethu yokugcina iintambo isoloko isebenza, kwaye inkqubo yethu yokhuseleko ihlala iqinile kwaye ayikwazi ukukhupha izigqibo ezifike ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Umlinganiselo ongazange ubonwe wokufuduka wabangela ingcinezelo eyagqugqisa iinkqubo nezibonelelo ezazikho. Kukho abantu abaninzi ehlabathini jikelele abafudukayo kumakhaya abo namhlanje kunanini na ukususela kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Lo mbandela wehlabathi lonke wawuthetha ukuba ummandla womda wase-United States wawuyinxalenye yeengxaki zokufuduka ehlabathini lonke ngenxa yemfazwe, ukutshintsha kwemozulu, ukungalungelelani kwezoqoqosho, nentshutshiso yezobupolitika.

Amashumi Eminyaka Yokutyeshelwa Nokungakhathalelwa

Inkqubo yolawulo lomda neyokhuseleko loluntu eUnited States iye yavunyelwa ukuba ityhafe yaye ibole kangangamashumi eminyaka. Endaweni yokuzicelela ngezixhobo ezihlala zihleli, ezifanelekileyo nezinokusabela nto eziya kuvumela ilizwe ukuba likwazi ukusingatha iinguqu kwindlela abantu abafuna ukukhuselwa ngayo eUnited States, apho bavela khona, kunye noko bakuko inani labo.

Izicelo zotshintsho ezingama-2024 zazama ukuthetha namashumi eminyaka okungathathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo yokufuduka. Utshintsho lokugqibela olungundoqo lokufuduka lwaphunyezwa ngo-1986, kwaye imigudu eyalandelayo yasilela ngo-2007 nango-2013 nangona inkxaso ye-bipartisan ibalulekile. Le mithetho yolungiso-mthetho eqhubekayo yavumela iingxaki ukuba zahlukane ngeli xesha inkqubo yokufuduka yaya isanda ngokwahlulwa kwiimeko zezoqoqosho nezobuntu.

Ukusilela kweBhunga ukunikela utshintsho olunentsingiselo lwenkqubo kunye nenkxaso-mali eyaneleyo, phezu kwazo nje izicelo eziphindaphindiweyo zokuba benze oko, kungunobangela ongundoqo wale ngxaki. Ulawulo lweBiden lwacela ngokuphindaphindiweyo ubuncwane obongezelelekileyo negunya lokulawula imingeni yomda, kodwa amaqela ahlukeneyo athintela ukuququzelelwa kwemibutho de kube yingxoxo yama-2024.

Ukungahambelani Nezobupolitika Nokungahambelani

Ukufuduka kuyinto ephambili kubavoti abatyekeleyo ngaphambi konyulo lomongameli wama-2024 oluya kugqiba ukulawulwa kweWhite House neKhomishini. Ukufuduka kwabantu njengembambano yezobupolitika kwabangela ukuba omabini amaqela azibeke ngokwendlela elungeleleneyo kunokuba alalanise.

Ixesha lokunyanzeliswa kwemithetho kunyulo---"kuphakathi konyaka wonyulo lomongameli" labonisa ucelomngeni olukhethekileyo. Al Jazeera's Fisher wathi abanye abaRiphabliki babechasa umthetho bathi babengayi kuyivotela kuba yayinokunika uloyiso lwebhiden kwibhiparti kunyulo. Oku kuvuma okucacileyo kukuba ucalulo olucacileyo lwenkqubo yonyulo lubonisa indlela echaphazelekileyo yokufuduka okuye kwenziwa ngayo izixhobo ze-Riphabliki.

Owayesakuba nguMongameli uTrump, ummeli ophambili weRiphabliki kamongameli, ukwachasa irejistal Republicans kwaye wabongoza iiRiphabliki ukuba zingadlulisi umthetho. "Oku sisipho kuDemocrates, kwaye, lonto, kukushenxiswa komda ombi kakhulu kwimbali kumagxalasi eRiphabliki. Bafuna ukuba oku kube kuhle kunyulo lwe-presidenti, ngoko ke ngoku banokutyhola amaRiphabliki ngomda ombi kakhulu kwimbali.

Impembelelo Kuluntu Nakubantu Abangenayo

Imida

Ingingqi ekufuphi nomda we-Mexico yase-U.S. yafumana iziphumo ezithe ngqo zokufuduka kwaye iza kuchaphazeleka kakhulu kuko nakuphi na utshintsho. Endaweni yoko, abantu abahlala kumda nakumbindi we-U.S. baye banyanzeleka ukuba bahlalise inani elikhulu labafikayo, ngaphandle komanyano oluvela kurhulumente wezwe/emeko ezithile, kunye nabalawuli abanjengoGreg Abbott noRon Desantis, behlisa ngabom imigudu yokusebenzisana kunye nenkxaso.

Imida yayijongene neengxaki, iinkonzo zentlalo ezinzima, neengxaki zobupolitika njengoko yayikwazi ukuhlangabezana neenyaniso ezikhoyo zokufuduka ngoxa abezobupolitika bethetha ngemibandela yesizwe. Abahlali abaninzi basemida baxhasa amanyathelo okhuseleko angakumbi kodwa bakwaqonda igalelo lezoqoqosho nelenkcubeko labemi basemzini nelokunyamekela abantu abafudukayo ngesidima.

Izixeko NamaMerika Angaphakathi

Impembelelo yokufuduka yadlulela ngaphaya kwemida yelizwe njengoko abafuduki babethuthwa okanye besiwa ezixekweni kulo lonke elo lizwe. UGreg Abbott uthi ulawulo lwakhe luye lwathumela abaphambukeli abangaphezu kwekhulu 000 kwizixeko ezifana neLos Angeles, iDenver neNew York. Eli cebo lokwahlukana ngeqhinga ngabalawuli bemida labangela iingxaki zokuba izixeko zingakulungelanga ukufumana izixakeko ezininzi zabaphambukeli.

Oomatiloshe bedemokhrasi kunye nabalawuli kulawulo lwengcwele bazibona bebambeke phakathi kwezibophelelo zabo ezichaziweyo kwimigaqo-nkqubo yobuhlobo bolunye uhlanga kunye nocelomngeni olusebenzisekayo lokunikezela iinkonzo kumawaka abafikayo. Olu xinezeleko lwafak ’ isandla kwinkxaso yedemokhrasi yotshintsho lomda olujongwa lungqongqo kakhulu.

Abafuduki Nabafuni Bezinto Ezininzi

Kubantu abafudukayo nabafuna indawo yokhuseleko ngokwabo, utshintsho olucetyiweyo luza kuba nentsingiselo enzulu. Abo baneemfuno zokhuseleko zokwenene bangangenelwa kucwangciso olukhawulezileyo nocombululo olukhawulezileyo lwemeko zabo. Noko ke, imiqathango yokufumana indawo yokhuseleko kunye negunya lokugxotha ngengozi iphakamisa inkxalabo enzulu yokuba abantu ababuthathaka baza kufumana ulwazelelelo olufanelekileyo kusini na.

Ukungaqiniseki okubangelwa ngumthetho ongaphumeleliyo kwashiya abafuduki bebonke, bengaqinisekanga ukuba yiyiphi imigaqo elawula amatyala abo nokuba banokuba namathuba afanelekileyo okufuna ukhuseleko. Lo msebenzi uvumela ukuba kwenziwe amalungiselelo ngewanike inkxaso ebalulekileyo kwabo balindele ukuchotshelwa kwetyala, kubavumela ukuba bazixhase ngokwabo ngokwezoqoqosho kunokuba baxhomekeke kuncedo lukawonke-wonke wonke.

Enye indlela yokuthetha Nemibono Exineneyo

Indlu yoNyaka

Indlu yoNxibelelwano Johnson icele iNdlu yeNdlu yeQela yeDemocratic ukuba ivume isindululo esidluliselwe yiNdlu kaMeyi esiza kuphelisa ukufikelela kwindawo yokhuseleko kumda. Indlela yeHouse Republican, ekhutshelwe kwiH.R. 2, yathatha isigxina esingqongqo kakhulu kunokonakalisa iNdlu yeQelo, ibeka phambili ukunyanzelisa ukugcinwa komthetho ngenxa yolwazelelelo.

Imali yendlu yayiquka amalungiselelo okwakhiwa komda onzulu, imida engqongqo ekufumaneni indawo yokhuseleko, kunye nenkqubo yokunyanzelisa ukusetyenziswa kwemali eqinisiweyo. Noko ke, yayingenankxaso efunekayo yokuba ngumthetho, njengoko amaDemocrat ayeyijonga njengeyona inzima kakhulu nengasebenziyo.

Ezinye izindululo eziqhubela phambili

Abaxhasi abahambela phambili baphikisa ngokuthi ukubekwa kokhuseleko loluntu kuqala, ukunwenwa kwendlela zomthetho zokufuduka, nokuthetha ngezizathu ezisisiseko zokufuduka ngoncedo lwamanye amazwe nophuhliso. Bagxininisa ukuba ukunyanzelisa kuphela kusilele kangangamashumi eminyaka kwaye izisombululo ezizinzileyo zifuna ukuphendula isizathu sokuba abantu bafuduke kwindawo yokuqala.

Izindululo ezithe zaqhubekeka ziquka iindlela zokufumana ubumi kubantu abafudukayo abangaxelwanga ukuba ngabemi eUnited States, abathathi-nxaxheba abaya kungena kwiimbacu abangakumbi, kunye neziguqulo ukuze abantu bafuduke ngokusemthethweni bekwazi ukufikelela kwaye bephumelele.

Intshukumo

IBhunga leNtlanganiso lijongene ne-gridrock engqukuva, ulawulo lweBhiden ekugqibeleni lwagqiba ukuthatha inyathelo elilawulayo. NgoMeyi 2024, xa iNdlu yeeNdlu yeeNtsimbi yaphinda yaqwalasela izicelo zowiso-mthetho ze-bipartis, iNdlu yesilela ukuhambisela phambili umlinganiselo. Emva kokusilela, uMongameli Biden wakhupha isibhengezo sokuzalisekisa imiqathango ethile yomda ngegunya elilawulayo.

Ngo-Oktobha 2023, ndacela ii-R22 zamawaka ezigidi ukuze kugcinwe imida kunye nokulawulwa kwemida. Esi sicelo sasiquka ngaphezu kwama-5 amawaka ezigidi ze-55 eedola ukuze i-DHS ilawule iimeko kumda osemazantsi, kunye nemali ekwandiseni amandla anzima ukuze umda osemazantsi uhlale ukhuselekile. IBhunga kwakhona lahluleka ukulungiselela umda wethu kunye nenkqubo yokufuduka kunye nezinto ezifunekayo ukuze kudluliswe iziphumo ezifike ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwabo banqumla ngokungekho mthethweni.

Noko ke, izenzo zolawulo ezijongene nocelomngeni olungokwasemthethweni yaye azinalo ummiselo ohlala uhleli nobuncwane obunokunikelwa ngumthetho. Abamisi-mthetho abaninzi baseRiphabliki baphikisa uBiden ngoku banegunya lokuvala umda kwaye nawuphi na umthetho omtsha ufanele ulinde de kube emva konyulo lwama-2024. Esi ngxoxo sabonisa ukungavumelani ngomgangatho wegunya eliphezulu nokuba uMongameli ungayizalisekisa na imigaqo enqwenelekayo ngaphandle kokuqulungela.

Izicelo zekamva lomgaqo-nkqubo wokungena eUnited States

Amanani aphambili kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo

Phezu kwako nje ukungaphumeleli kwemigudu yokulungisa engama - 2024, le ngxoxo yamisela imizekelo ebalulekileyo kwingxoxo yexesha elizayo yenkqubo yokufuduka. Ulalaniso lwaseBipartisa lwabonisa ukuba isivumelwano sinokwenzeka kumalungiselelo athile, nokuba ekugqibeleni umqulu uwonke uphumelele ngenxa yokucingela kwezobupolitika.

Kungakhathaliseki ikamva layo, uMthendeleko woMda uchaza iindawo ezininzi ezingundoqo ekufuneka zibhekiswe kuzo, njengokulungiselela ngokukhawuleza iintengiso zokhuseleko, ukwandisa ukhuseleko olusemthethweni kubaphambukeli abathile ababuthathaka, kunye nemfuneko enkulu yokulawula iingxaki ezikhoyo kumda wethu womzantsi. Imigudu yokuguqula ikamva iya kwakheka kwisiseko esimiselwe ngowama-2024, kwanokuba amalungiselelo athile ayatshintshwa.

Ucelomngeni Lokulungelelanisa Izinto Eziza Kuqala

Kodwa xa kunikwa izithintelo, ukusebenza kakuhle okungakumbi akufuneki kufuneke iimbombo kwinkqubo efunekayo okanye ukwamkela imigaqo engqongqo kakhulu kumda. Olu xinezeleko phakathi kwempumelelo kunye nenkqubo efunekayo, phakathi kokhuseleko lomda nokhuseleko loluntu, luhlala kusembindini weengxoxo zemigaqo yokufuduka.

Utshintsho oluzinzileyo lokufuduka kufuneka lulungelelanise iinjongo ezininzi: ukugcina ukhuseleko lomda nolawulo lwesizwe, ukuphumeza iimbopheleleko zokunceda abantu phantsi komthetho wasekhaya nowamazwe ngamazwe, ukuxhasa ukwanda kwezoqoqosho ngokufuduka okusemthethweni, nokuphatha bonke abantu ngesidima nangentlonelo. Ubunzima bokufikelela olu lungelelwano buchaza isizathu sokuba utshintsho olubanzi luye lwabonakala lunzima.

Oko Sikufundayo Kumgudu Ongazange Uphumelele 2024

Ukusilela komthetho wotshintsho womda wama-2024 kunika izifundo eziliqela ezibalulekileyo kwimigudu yenkqubo yexesha elizayo. Okokuqala, ukulalanisa kwe-bipartis ekufudukeni kuyenzeka kodwa kufuneka kubekho uluvo lwezopolitiko ukuze kubekwe inkqubo ephambili kwezobupolitika. Uhlolo lokuqala lwabonisa ukuba abenzi bomthetho abasuka kumaqela awahlukeneyo banokufumana isiseko esifanayo xa bejolise kwizisombululo ezisezantsi.

Okwesibini, imicimbi yokucwangcisa ixesha ibaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yokufuduka. Ukuzama utshintsho olukhulu ebudeni bonyaka wonyulo lomongameli, xa ukufuduka kungumba wephulo elisembindini, kudala imiqobo enzima kwezobupolitika. Imigudu yexesha elizayo inokuba namathemba angcono kwiminyaka yokungachongi xa iingcinezelo zezobupolitika zincitshisiwe ngandlel

Okwesithathu, ukhokelo lomongameli ovela kuwo omabini la maqela lubalulekile. Xa ummi wakuba ngumongameli ewuchasa ngokukhutheleyo umthetho oxoxwa ngamalungu eqela lakhe, njengoko uTrump wenzayo ngowama-2024, kuphantse kube nzima ukugcina inkxaso yeqela lokulalanisa. Utshintsho lwexesha elizayo luza kufuna ukuba abo baza kuba bangenele kwiingqungquthela zombutho-ngquthela baxhase kunokuba baphelise ingxubusho.

Okwesine, abafezekileyo abanakuba lutshaba lolungileyo. Abagxeki abahambela phambili nabatyebileyo bafumana imposiso ngokulalanisa kwama-2024, bephikisa ngokuthi ivume kakhulu kwelinye icala. Noko ke, enye indlela yokulalanisa okungafezekiyo yangqineka iqinile kwaye iwohloka iimeko. Imigudu yexesha elizayo kufuneka iqonde ukuba ukulalanisa kubandakanya ukwamkela amalungiselelo ngokusuka kudala akuyi kukhetha kwihlabathi elifanelekileyo.

Indlela Engaphambili

Wathi amathuba okufumana isisombululo sokhuseleko lomda kulo nyaka "kuncina." kule ndawo, akukho mntu obonakala efuna ukuba nencoko enzulu ngayo," uthe. Olu gqiqo lungenathemba lusuka kuSenator Lankford, omnye wabaqwalaseli abaphambili, lubonakalisa unxunguphalo olunzulu oluvayo ngabo babefaka iinyanga ekwenzeni ulalanisa ukuze babone ukuba lukhanyelwe ngezizathu zezobupolitika.

Noko ke, iingxaki ezisisiseko ezabangela utshintsho lwama-2024 azipheliswanga. Iingcinezelo zokufuduka ziyaqhubeka, abantu basemida basazama ukumelana nobuncwane obungaphelelanga, inkqubo yokhuseleko ihlala inqabile, kwaye inkqubo yokufuduka jikelele iyasilela ukunceda izilangazelelo zaseMerika okanye amaxabiso obuntu ngempumelelo. Olu celomngeni luzingisayo luya kuqhubeka lufuna ingqalelo yembutho yengingqi nokuba ngabalwano kwezobupolitika zexeshana elifutshane.

Imigudu yotshintsho lwexesha elizayo isenokuthatha iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Kunokuba iphathelele iinkalo ezininzi zenkqubo yokufuduka ngaxeshanye, iingcebiso zolwandiso kwimibandela ethile zingangqina ukuba ziyasebenza ngokwezobupolitika. Umthetho ojoliswe ekubhekisweni kuwo ulungelelwaniso lwezokhuseleko, izibonelelo, iindlela zokufuduka ezisemthethweni, okanye abantu abathile abafana ne-Afghan evacueee banokutsala inkxaso ebanzi kunemali ye-omnibus.

Okanye, ulawulo olulandelayo `loba lusungulwe emva konyulo lwama-2024 okanye lwexesha elizayo) lungafuna uhlaziyo lokufuduka njengeyona nto iphambili ekuqaleni kwegama lalo, xa ikomkhulu lezobupolitika liphezulu kwaye lineengcinezelo ezinyuliweyo ziphantsi. Imbali yemizekelo icebisa ukuba utshintsho olungundoqo lwenkqubo lunokufumaneka kunyaka wokuqala okanye kumashumi amabini olawulo olutsha.

Ukuthelekiswa Kwamazwe Ngamazwe Nezenzo Ezibalaseleyo

Asilololo lizwe lodwa elizixakekisayo ngeengxaki zokufuduka. Amazwe ehlabathini lonke aye asebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ekulawuleni imida nakucwangciso lokhuseleko, enika abenzi benkqubo baseUnited States izifundo.

IKhanada ivelise inkqubo yokufuduka esekelwe kwiincam ebeka iminikelo yezoqoqosho kwindawo yokuqala ngexesha igcina ukhuseleko olomeleleyo. I-Australia iye yaqalisa ucwangciso lwaselwandle lwabafuni bokhuseleko abafika ngephenyane, nangona le ndlela iye yabangela inkxalabo yamalungelo abantu entsingiselo. Amazwe aseYurophu aye azama amalungiselelo okunika abafuni bekhusi abaninzi, nangona le migudu iye yajamelana nokuchaswa kwezobupolitika.

Amanye amazwe aye anciphisa ngokunempumelelo ukufuduka okungaqhelekanga ngokuyandisa iindlela ezisemthethweni nangokusingatha iziphumo ezisisiseko ngoncedo lwenkqubela-phambili nangomanyano loburhulumente.

Iinkqubo eziphumeleleyo zokufuduka ziquka iimpawu eziliqela: iindlela ezicacileyo nezifanelekileyo zomthetho kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zabafuduki, ubuncwane obaneleyo bokulungiselela nokuzidibanisela, ubuchule bokusebenza, ukuncedisana kwabatsha, kunye nokuvumelana kwezobupolitika okuxhasa inkqubo yendalo yonke. I-United States iye yazama ukufikelela ezi zinto ngaxeshanye, nto leyo enegalelo kwizenzo eziqhubekayo.

Ukujongana Nezoqoqosho

Inkqubo yokuhlalisa imimandla ichaphazela kakhulu izoqoqosho yaye ngokufuthi ifumana ingqalelo enganele kwiingxoxo zobupolitika ezijoliswe kwinkxalabo yokhuseleko nezokunceda abantu. IUnited States ijongene nokunqongophala okuphawulekayo kwemisebenzi kwimimandla emininzi, ukususela kwezolimo ukuya kwezonyango ukuya kubugcisa, okokuba ukufuduka kunokukunceda.

Abafuduki banegalelo kakhulu ekukhuleni kwezoqoqosho ngorhwebo, ukusungula, ukuhlawula irhafu, kunye nokuthenga. Bakwanceda ekuthetheni ngeengxaki zokuzala kwabemi njengoko iminyaka yobudala namanani okuzalwa kwabantu bemveli encipha. Noko ke, ukufuduka okukhawulezileyo kwabantu banokuzama ukutsalela ubuncwane basekuhlaleni kunye nezorhwebo zemisebenzi, ingakumbi kuluntu olungenayo inkxaso efanelekileyo.

Ama-2024 eezicelo zotshintsho aye kuquka imvume yomsebenzi kwabafuni bokhuseleko, eqonda ukuba ukuvumela abafuduki basebenze ngokusemthethweni kuyingenelo kubantu ngabanye nakwezoshishino zibanzi. Xa abafuduki besebenza ngokusemthethweni, bahlawula irhafu, bazixhasa ngaphandle koncedo lukawonke-wonke, kwaye banikela ngobuchule babo nokusebenza nzima kwimisebenzi enika ingeniso. Ngokuchasene noko, ukuthintela imikhosi egunyazisa umsebenzi abaphambukeli kwimisebenzi engacwangciswanga okanye ukuxhomekeka kwinkxaso yoncedo nenkxaso karhulumente.

Ulwandiso olucetyiweyo lwendlela esemthethweni yokufuduka ngeviza eyongezelelekileyo lunganceda ekuthetheni ngeemfuno zeshishini lomsebenzi lo gama kuncitshiswa izikhundla zokufuduka okungekho mthethweni. Xa iindlela ezisemthethweni zifikeleleka kwaye zisebenza kakuhle, bambalwa abantu ababhenela ekufudukeni ngendlela engacwangciswanga. Noko ke, ukuxhathisa kwezobupolitika ekukhuliseni ukufuduka ngokusemthethweni kuhlala kusekho ngamandla kwabo bajonga ukufuduka njengesisongelo sokhuseleko kunokuba bajonge ithuba lokufumana izoqoqosho.

Imilinganiselo Yamalungelo Abantu

Ngaphandle kokuqwalaselwa kwezobupolitika nakwezoqoqosho, inkqubo yokufuduka iphakamisa imibuzo esisiseko ngamalungelo abantu kunye neemfuno zokunceda abantu. I-United States inezibophelelo eziziixesha elide phantsi komthetho wasekhaya nowamazwe ngamazwe ukulungiselela ukhuseleko kwiimbacu nakwabo bafuna indawo yokhuseleko ababaleka intshutshiso.

INdibano yeZinga loBupocuka-mhlaba yowama-1999 kunye nemithetho yayo yokuziphatha, apho iUnited States ilithene khona, imisela umgaqo wokungarhoxi , ``ukungavunyelwa ukubuyela kumazwe apho abantu bajongana nezisongelo zobomi okanye inkululeko. UMthetho we-R80 we-Rhulumente waquka ezi zibopho zezizwe ngezizwe kumthetho wase-U.S., ukuseka inkqubo yokhuseleko eyathi i-2024 ifuna ukuguqula.

Abahlalutyi bezindululo zonyaka wama-2024 baphikisa ngelithi ukugxothwa ngengozi kunye neminye imiqathango kungangqubana nezi zibophelelo zoncedo ngokungavumi ukukhusela abantu abanokhuseleko lokwenene. Abaxhasi baphikisa ngokuthi utshintsho lugcine ukhuseleko kumazibuko okungena kwaye luquke iinkqubo zokuvavanya abo baneemfuno zokhuseleko, ngaloo ndlela kuzalisekiswa izibophelelo zokunceda abantu ngoxa belawula ukhuseleko lomda.

Ukusetyenziswa kwabafuduki ngexesha lokulungisa nokuvalelwa kwandisa inkxalabo yamalungelo abantu. Iingxelo zokwahlukana kwentsapho, ukungakhathalelwa kwezamayeza, iimeko zokuvalelwa ezingezizo, kunye nenkqubo efanelekileyo yokungathobeli zibangele ukugxekwa kwimibutho yamalungelo abantu kunye neequmrhu zezizwe ngezizwe. Izicelo zowama-2024 zaquka amalungiselelo ajoliswe ekuphuculeni iimeko nokuvelela, kodwa abahlalutyi beziphikisa ukuba oku akwanele.

Abantwana abangenabani bazisa iingxaki eziqatha zobuntu. Umthetho wama-2024 wawuquka amalungiselelo abantwana abahlalisiweyo abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-14, abaqonda ukuba abantwana abanakukwazi ukuqhuba kakuhle imicimbi entsonkothileyo yokufuduka ngaphandle koncedo olusemthethweni. Kodwa ke, eli lungiselelo ladala impikiswano, kunye nabachasi ababephikisa bephikisa le nto badala iingenelo ezingekho sesikweni kubemi base-U.S.

Ubuxhakaxhaka kunye nokuhlaziywa kolawulo lomda

Izicelo zotshintsho ezingama-2024 zagxininisa izisombululo zobugcisa zokhuseleko kumda wemida, zibonakalisa ukuqwalaselwa kokuba imida yenkulungwane yama-21 ifuna izixhobo ezikhoyo. Iinkqubo zokujonga ukuhambela phambili kolwazi, ubuchule bokuhlola indalo, ubuchule bokufakelwa ukuxilonga kunye novavanyo lomngcipheko, kunye nolwahlulo oluphuculiweyo logcino-lwazi phakathi kwabameli olukhoyo kuzo zonke iinguqu ezicetyiweyo.

Ubugcisa bunika iingenelo ezinokwenzeka kunendlela yokusebenza. Iinkqubo zokusebenza komda zingaqwalasela ukunyuka komda ngokunempumelelo kunee-arhente eziphathekayo. Iinkqubo ze-cellmetric zingakhawuleza ziqinisekise ubukhomfa kwaye zifumane ubuqhetseba. Ugcino-lwazi lungachonga imilinganiselo kunye nomngcipheko amagosa abantu asenokuphoswa yiyo. Noko ke, ubugcisa bukwanyusa inkxalabo yobuqu kwaye abunako ukutshintsha ugwebo lomntu kwiimeko ezinzima ezifuna ubuchule novelwano.

Izicelo zobugcisa bokufumana amayeza obuphuculayo zathetha enye yezona zinto zixinzeleleyo zokhuseleko lomda. Ifentanyl kunye nezinye iopioids zeplani zitshabalalise uluntu lwaseMelika, kunye neziyobisi ezininzi ezingavumelekanga ezingena kumazibuko okungena kwizithuthi kunye nomthwalo. Ubugcisa bokuhlola okuqhubela phambili obunokuhlola izithuthi ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokubangela ukuba kube nolibaziseko luphuculo oluphawulekayo lokwenza uthengiso olufanelekileyo nohambo.

Noko ke, ubugcisa busebenza njengenkqubo nabasebenzi abayisebenzisayo. Ngaphandle koqeqesho olwaneleyo, ugcino, kunye nokunxulumana namaqhinga abanzi okuqinisekisa, utyalo-mali lobugcisa lungasilela ukuvelisa iingenelo ezilindelekileyo. Izicelo ezingama-2024 zakuqonda oku ngokudibanisa ungeniso lobugcisa kunye neemfuno zoqeqesho ezinyukayo

Indima zikarhulumente nezoluntu ekufuduseni

Nangona inkqubo yokufuduka ingumsebenzi worhulumente, urhulumente noorhulumente basekuhlaleni banendima ebalulekileyo ekuzalisekiseni nasekunyanzelweni komsebenzi. Ingxoxo yama-2024 yabalaselisa ukungavisisani phakathi komgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente kunye nezenzo zikarhulumente, ingakumbi malunga namagunya aphezulu kunye nemigudu yokwandiswa komgangatho karhulumente.

Imigaqo-nkqubo yokungahambelani, emisela intsebenziswano yasekuhlaleni nokugcinwa kwabantu abafudukayo kwezentengiso, iye yanda ezixekweni nakumazwe alo lonke eli lizwe. Abaxhasi baphikisa le migaqo-nkqubo yokwandiswa koluntu olusuka kwelinye ilizwe kunye nokugcinwa komthetho wasekuhlaleni, nto leyo eyenza abantu bakhuseleke ngokukhuthaza ulwaphulo-mthetho nokusebenzisana.

Izicelo zonyaka wama-2024 zaziquka inkxaso-mali eyayiza kuqhutyelwa abahlalutyi, ukuvelisa inkcaso kwabo bakholelwa ukuba amagunya anjalo afanele angabi nakuqinisekiswa kwizipho ezinxulumene nokufuduka zikarhulumente. Le ngxoxo ibonisa ukungavisisani okunzulu malunga noburhulumente kunye nolungelelwano olufanelekileyo phakathi kwegunya likarhulumente kunye nenkululeko yorhulumente kwimicimbi yokufuduka.

Amanye amazwe aye enza izenzo zonyanzelo, kuquka ukuthunyelwa komkhosi wesizwe kumda, ukwakha imiqobo ekhuselwe ngurhulumente, nokufudusa abafuduki kwamanye amazwe. Le misebenzi yorhulumente ibangele iingxaki zomthetho neemfazwe zobupolitika, iphakamisa imibuzo ngemida yegunya likarhulumente kummandla woburhulumente.

Inkqubo yokufuduka esebenzayo ifuna umanyano phakathi korhulumente, norhulumente wasekuhlaleni. Izindululo ezingama - 2024 zaquka ukuxhasa inkxaso yemali karhulumente noorhulumente basekuhlaleni ukuxhasa iinkonzo zengingqi kunye nokudibanisa, ziqonda ukuba la mazwe aneendleko ezibalulekileyo ezinxulumene nokufuduka. Noko ke, izahlulo zezobupolitika ziye zenza kube nzima ukufikelela olo manyano.

Isiphelo: Ucelomngeni Oluqhubekayo Lotshintsho Olubangelwa Kukufuduka

Imigudu yolungiso-nkqubo yomda wama-2024 yamela imigudu ebalulekileyo yokulungisa enye yezona nkqubo zizingisileyo nezilwahlulayo zaseMelika. Ngaphandle kweenyanga ezingephi zokuthethana nge-bipartis kunye nempahla ebanzi ethetha ngeinkalo ezininzi zokhuseleko lomda kunye nolawulo lomda, ekugqibeleni izicelo zasilela ngenxa yengqwalasela yezopolitiko eyathi yoyisa ingxubusho yenkqubo yezobupolitiko ephantsi kwenkqele.

Ukungaphumeleli kwezi nguqulelo akuzithobi iingxaki ezisisiseko ababefuna ukucombulula. Amanqanaba oshicilelo olusuka kwindawo enye, iinkqubo zokulungiselela ezomeleleyo, imiqathango emikhulu yemeko, imida exhwalekileyo, kunye nenkqubo yokufuduka ekhutshiwe kwizinto zezoqoqosho nezobuntu yonke iyaqhubeka. Olu celomngeni luza kuqhubeka lufuna ingqalelo kunye nesenzo sombutho nokubala okufutshane kwezobupolitika.

Amava angama-2024 anika izifundo ezibalulekileyo kwimigudu yokulungisa ikamva. Ukulalanisa kunokwenzeka kodwa kufuneka ukuzimisela kwezobupolitika ukubeka inkqubo ephambili kwezobupolitika. Imicimbi, ngeminyaka yonyulo, inika imigaqo enzima yemithetho ephikisayo. Inkokeli yobuongameli kuwo omabini amaqela ibalulekile, njengokuba inkcaso evela kumongameli isenokutshabalalisa ukulalanisa okucwangcisiweyo. Yaye ukufezeka akunakuba lutshaba olulungileyo .

Ukukhangela phambili, utshintsho lokufuduka lungathatha iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunempahla ebanzi engama-2024. Iindlela zokuphendula imibandela ethile zingangqina ukuba ziyasebenza ngokwezobupolitika kunomthetho we-omnibus. Okanye, ulawulo olutsha lungabeka phambili utshintsho lokufuduka kwasekuqaleni ngexesha xa ikomkhulu lezobupolitika liphezulu. Izenzo zegunya lolawulo luza kuqhubeka zisenza indima ethile, nangona zingenako ukuhlala zihleli kunye nobuncwane obunikelwa ngumthetho.

Ekugqibeleni, utshintsho oluzinzileyo lokufuduka kufuneka lulungelelanise iinjongo ezininzi: ukugcina ukhuseleko lomda nolawulo lwesizwe, ukuphumeza iimfuno zokunceda abantu, ukuxhasa ulwando lwezoqoqosho, nokuphatha bonke abantu ngesidima. Ukufikelela olu lungelelwano kubandakanya ukuqhubana ngaphaya kweempawu zokuthetha ezimandundu ukuqhubana nokufuduka okuntsonkothileyo kwama-21. Imigudu yotshintsho, nangona isilele, ibonise ukuba ukuganana okunjalo kunokwenzeka. Ukuba imigudu ezayo iya kuphumelela apho ama-2024 angaphumeleli ihlala ibonwa, kodwa imfuneko yotshintsho iyakhula ngokungxamisekileyo ngonyaka odlulayo.

Ulwazi oluninzi olungomgaqo-nkqubo wokufuduka nokhuseleko lomda we-U.S., tyelela i-[[FLT:] UKhuselo lwasekhaya, [[FLT:] U.S.indawo yobumi kunye ne-Immigration Services[, i-[FLT]U.S.S. uKhuselo noMda , i-[FLT], i-ISC, i-ISCP [irvectoration comment comment comment commentation [[FLT:]], okanye i-ISMGURG] ye-IS[FLT] kunye nohlaluko-lur.