Ukuqonda Izinguquko Zomthetho - sisekelo: Isisekelo Sokuhlanganyela Kwezakhamuzi

Izinguquko ze-Constitution zimelela izenzakalo ezilandelayo ezinkulu zomthetho kunoma yisiphi idemokrasi. Zibuye zishintshe isivumelwano esiyisisekelo phakathi kukahulumeni nabantu bawo, zishintshe imithetho umphakathi esebenza ngayo. Uma isizwe sicabangela ukushintsha umthetho - sisekelo waso, izakhamuzi zonke zizuza ifa lazo zombili [ amalungelo anika amandla izwi lawo kanye [[FLT:]] nemithwalo yemithwalo yemfanelo [[FLT] eqinisekisa inqubo eqinisekisa ukuthi ifuna inzuzo. Lokhu kulinganisela phakathi kokuhlanganyela nokusebenza kwesibopho akuyona nje indawo yesizwe esebenzayo e-Riphabliki yomthetho-oglobalbac. Ukuqonda indima yakho, phakathi, nangemva kokwenza umbuso wentando yentando yentando yentando yeningi kanye nokuqinisekisa inzuzo ekhona.

Amalungelo Akho Njengesakhamuzi Phakathi Nezinhlelo Zoshintsho Lomthetho - sisekelo

Amalungelo ezakhamuzi ngokuphathelene noshintsho lomthetho-sisekelo athathwa ezimisweni zomthetho - sisekelo, izithombe, namalungelo abantu emhlabeni wonke. La malungelo awawona angenamsebenzi.

Ilungelo lokubonisa ulwazi

Izakhamuzi zinelungelo elibanzi lokufunda, elifike ngesikhathi, nelifinyelelekayo ngokwaziswa okuhlongozwayo ngomthetho-mfashini. Lokhu kuhlanganisa umbhalo ophelele wenguquko, ukuchaza okungokomthetho, umlando we-gional, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwemithetho. Ohulumeni nezinhlangano zemithetho yemithetho ye-ocealics zibophekile ukusakaza lokhu kwaziswa ngezindlela eziningi", ama-webhrethi, ukusakaza imithombo yezindaba, nokufingqalanisa umphakathi. Ngaphandle kwalokhu kuchaza, ukubekwa kwenqubo yonke yokulungisa izivumelwano kuyalula. Izizwe kufanele zifune ulimi olucacile ngokukhululekile lapho kunokwenzeka khona, noma zihambisane nezingakhonkwa ezicacile. Izindinganiso zezizwe zonke, njengalezo ezihlelwe yi-'FOProvialgnome] [FFoctalgation], futhi zifaka umbiko wezombangazwe kwezombangazwe, futhi zifaka umbiko wezombangazwe.[3]

Ilungelo Lokuzikhethela Nokuphikiswa Komphakathi

Ushintsho lomthetho lungekhona ukuqashelwa komthetho womthetho; ludinga ukucubungula umphakathi. Izakhamuzi zinelungelo lokuhlela nokuhlanganyela emihlanganweni yomphakathi, emahholo edolobha, nasemaqulwini ezakhamuzi anikezelwe ukuxoxa ngezinguquko ezihlongozwayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ilungelo lokuveza imibono, okusekelayo nokugxekayo, ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuvuselelwa kwemithetho yecala. Kusetshenziswa kwemibuso eminingi, ukuzwa kwabantu kubophekile ngaphambi kokulungisa okungokomthetho kungaqhubekela ekuvoteleni. Ukuhlanganyela kula ma-astum kuvumela izakhamuzi ukuba zikhononde abakhi bomthetho, inselele, izinhloso, futhi ziveze ezinye izindlela. Ilungelo lokunxusa uhulumeni ukuba uphendule izikhalo noma ukuphindisela izikhalo liyasebenza lapha, okwenza izakhamuzi zikwazi ukwenza izinguquko ezingokomthetho ekufuneni imvume yokuvota noma ukuchaza.

Ilungelo Lokusekela Izigwebo

Izakhamuzi eziqondile eziqondile yilungelo lokuvota ngezinguquko zomthetho-sisekelo ezihlongozwayo ngokuthumela, ukuhlanganisa, noma ngokhetho lwezimemezelo lapho izilwele zokulungisa lapho kumelwe zibhekane khona nokhetho. Ngokuxhomeke ezweni, levoti ingaba yi-texantententemu ethandwayo ethandwayo (njengaseSwitzerland nase-U.S. zifundazwe) noma ngenqubo engaqondile lapho izakhamuzi zikhetha khona abamelelindi (njengoba kusetshenziswa kakhulu ezimisweni zephalamende).

Ilungelo Lokubukeza Ngokusemthethweni Nangokwahlulela

Izakhamuzi zinelungelo lokubekela inselele inqubo yokulungisa umthetho-sisekelo noma inzuzo yawo ngezinkantolo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ilungelo lokubhala icala ngecala elibhaliwe lithi ukulungisa lokhu kuphula imfundiso yezembulo” (emazweni anjenge-Indiya ne-South Africa) noma ukwedlula ubukhulu bamandla anyukayo. Nakuba ukuphendukela okungokomthetho ngokuvamile kuyindlela yokugcina yokukhokha, kusebenza njengendlela ebalulekile yokuhlola ukungavumelani nomthetho noma ukubuyiselwa kwamalungelo. Izinhlangano ezinjengeSikhungo soMthetho-mthetho wesizwe [[[FLT:]] sinikeza imithombo yezemfundo endleleni izakhamuzi ezingaqonda futhi zisebenzise ngayo lamalungelo angokomthetho.

Imithwalo Yakho Yemfanelo Njengesakhamuzi Ekushintsheni Komthetho - sisekelo

Ukuphumelela kwezinqubo zoshintsho zomthetho - sisekelo kuxhomeke kakhulu ekutholeni ulwazi, ekubopheni ukufeza imithwalo yemfanelo emihlanu eyinhloko.

Umthwalo Wemfanelo Wokuhlala Unolwazi

Ukuhlala benolwazi akuyona nje into engcono, kodwa umsebenzi . Ukulungisa komthetho-sisekelo kungathinta amalungelo empahla, inkululeko yomphakathi, izakhiwo zikahulumeni, kanye nokulinganisela kwamandla phakathi kwamagatsha. Izakhamuzi zinomthwalo wokufunda imibhalo eqondile yenguquko, hhayi nje iziphetho noma izihloko zezindaba. Kufanele zifune imibono eminingi, kuhlanganise naleyo evela kumthetho-mthetho-sisekelo, amaqembu aphikisayo, nezinhlangano zomphakathi. Imithombo ethembekile ihlanganisa omagazini bemfundo, iziyalezo zikahulumeni-stuwerry, abangathathi abavoti abahlengi abacabanga njengamathangi Brenat Center yeJaji yeJaji [FFFFOLD], ne-eqentialmstions. Enkathi ephambili, imithombo yezehlakalo, isakaza ngokushesha ulwazi olunezelelwe; ukusakaza ukwaziswa okungahluliwe kakhulu.

Umthwalo Wemfanelo Wokuhlanganyela Enkulumweni Yeningi

Izindawo ezihlala abantu ziphumelela kakhulu uma zihlolwa. Izakhamuzi zinomthwalo wemfanelo wokuveza imibono yazo emphakathini, zilalele izimpikiswano eziphikisayo, futhi zicwengisise izikhundla zazo ngokusekelwe ebufakazini. Lokhu kusho ukuba khona emahholo edolobha, ukuhlanganyela ezingxoxweni ze-intanethi ye-intanethi, ukubhalela abahleli, nokuhlanganyela emaqenjini anesithakazelo. Ukugwema amagumbi okunambitha nokuhlanganyela imibono ehlukahlukene kuqinisa inqubo yentando yeningi. Ukuba isakhamuzi esithule kungavumela izitha ezinamandla ukuba zilawule indaba. Inkulumo ewumthwalo idinga futhi inhlonipho ngamalungelo abanye ukuba babambe futhi baveze imibono ehlukeneyo, ngisho nasezindabeni eziphikisana kakhulu.

Umthwalo Wemfanelo Wokukhuluma Ngokucabangela

Umthwalo wemfanelo wokuvota udlulela ngaphandle kokufaka i-collet à lation . imfuno ecatshangelwayo, ukuvota okunolwazi . Izakhamuzi kufanele zihlole imiphumela engcono engenzeka ngesikhathi esifushane nesikhathi eside, zicabangele ukuvumelana kwazo nezindinganiso zazo, futhi zicabange ngokuhambelana kwazo nomoya womthetho-sisekelo. Ukuvota okungaqondakali noma okungaqondi kahle kungaholela ekungangeni ezinhlanganweni zedemokhrasi. Ngokwesibonelo, ukulungisa okubonakala kuzuzisa ekudaleni umthetho-simende noma ekuhloleni izilinganiso. Iziqondiso ezikhishwa yizinhlangano ezingahambisani isigaba, imibiko yokwahlulela, imibiko yokuhlola, nokuhlola komthetho okuzimele kungaholela ekufezeni lomthwalo.

Umthwalo Wemfanelo Wokuhlanganyela Ngaphandle Kwebhokisi Lebhola

Ukuqamba kubalulekile, kodwa izinguquko zomthetho-sisekelo zidinga ukumiswa kwezindawo zomphakathi. Izakhamuzi kufanele zihlanganyele ekuqulweni kwecala lomphakathi, zijoyine izinhlangano zobushiqela, zithintane nabameleli bazo abakhethiwe, futhi zicabange ngisho nokubalekela isikhundla sendawo ukuze zithonye inqubo yokulungisa. Ukubhalela abamisi mithetho, ukusayina izicelo, ukuhlela imihlangano yomphakathi, nokuxoxa ngokunembile yizo zonke izindlela zokusebenzisa lo msebenzi. Uma izakhamuzi zihlala ngaphandle kwemijikelezo yokukhetha, amazwi ambalwa ahlala ebophekile angayithuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo imiphumela.

Umthwalo Wemfanelo Wokuvikela Amalungelo Okuncane Nomthetho

Imithetho-sisekelo ikhona ukuze ivikele kokubili ukubusa kweningi namalungelo amancane. Izakhamuzi kumelwe ziqaphe okuhlongozwayo akululazi inkululeko eyisisekelo, inqubo efanelekile, noma umthetho womthetho. Kuwumthwalo okhethekile ukukhuluma uma ukunqanda ukulimala kulimaza amaqembu angenazikhundla noma ukuqinisa amandla aphakeme kunoma yiliphi igatsha likahulumeni. Ukusebenzisa lomthwalo kudinga ukufundiswa komthetho-mthetho-siseko, ukuqondwa kwezimiso zokwahlukanisa, ukukhululeka, namalungelo abantu. Ukuhlangana nezinhlangano ezinikezelwe ukugada komthetho womthetho-ogada, njengaye- Isikhungo se-Interravity for Not-Prountmental [[FLT]], kungasiza izakhamuzi ukuba zibone izinkinga ezihlelayo.

Ukuhlanganyela Ezinhlanganweni Zentando Yeningi: Isiqondiso Esiwusizo

Ukwazi amalungelo nemithwalo yakho yemfanelo kumane nje kuyisiqalo. Ukuhlanganyela okuphumelelayo kudinga ukuthatha isinyathelo ngamabomu.

Lapho Kubekwa Izichibiyelo Kuqala

  • Funda umbhalo ongokomthetho [ nanoma imiphi imibiko ehambisana nomthetho. Unganciki ezincazelweni ezidlule.
  • Izahlulelo zomphakathi ezihlangene zihlelwe yisishaya-mthetho noma uhulumeni wendawo. Izindikimba eziningi manje zilandelana ngezinhlelo ze-inthanethi.
  • Zibophelele ukuxwayisa [ ku-'ikhomishane yokukhetha' yezwe lakini' noma inkonzo yobulungisa ukuze kulandele izenzakalo ezingokomthetho.
  • Izifundo zomphakathi zemfundo [ ezinikezwa amayunivesithi, izinxulumani zebhari, noma amaqembu angekho sigaba.

Phakathi Nenkathi Yokuzikhulula

  • Hlanganisa abameleli bakho nge-imeyili, ucingo, noma nge-person sescheads sehhovisi. Chaza ukuma kwakho ubuze ukuma kwabo.
  • Bhala ama-op-eed noma izinhlamvu kumhleli kumaphephandaba endawo ukuze athonye umbono womphakathi.
  • [ Isigaba emibuthanweni yokuthula noma emibhikishweni [ uma ivunyelwe ngokomthetho. Yazi amalungelo akho ngokuqondene nomhlangano.
  • Sebenzisa imithombo yezokuxhumana ngokuhluzekayo: hlanganyela ukwaziswa okuqinisekisiwe okuvela emithonjeni enegunya, kanye nokungaqondi kahle uma uhlangana nakho.
  • hlela noma uhlanganise iqembu lokutadisha [ nomakhelwane noma osebenza nabo ukuxoxa ngomphumela wenguquko ngokujule.

Ngosuku Lokujabula

  • faka imvume endaweni yakho yokuvota kanye nokuvota kahle ngaphambi kosuku lokhetho.
  • [ Ulethe isigqebhezana [ futhi uvumelane nazo zonke izinqubo zokuvota ukuze uqinisekise ukubalwa kwevoti yakho.
  • [[QUTY:0] Ukuvama kwasekuqaleni uma kungenzeka [ ukugwema imigqa emide, ikakhulukazi phakathi nomthetho-sisekelo owenziwe ngenhlansi.
  • Cwangcisa isimiso sonke [: ngisho noma usekela ushintsho, hlola imiphumela engahlolwanga kweminye imiklamo yomthetho-sisekelo.

Ngemva Kokudla

  • [ Ukusetshenziswa komsebenzi . Iziphetho zinamandla alingana nokugcinwa kwazo. Hlala uhlangene namakomiti aqondisayo namasuntswana okwahlulela.
  • [ Ukuvumelana kweze-part ngokuhlonipha amalungiselelo amasha omthetho-sisekelo, ngisho noma umelene nokulungisa,(ngaphandle kokuba ilulaza ngokomthetho) iphula amalungelo abantu noma izimiso zentando yeningi.
  • [ Akha okuhlangenwe nakho kwakho [ futhi uhlanganyele ukuzwana nokubukeza komthetho-sisekelo ogunyaziwe noma abacwaningi bemfundo abahlola izinqubo zokulungisa.

Umbono Wembulunga Yonke: Indlela Imibuso Ehlukahlukene Esondela Ngayo Ebuthweni Lomthetho - sisekelo Ehluke Ngayo

Nakuba ukwakheka kwemithetho yezwe elithile kubaluleke kakhulu, ukubona indlela abanye abasingatha ngayo izinguquko kungakhuthaza ukusungula izinto ezintsha nemikhuba emihle kakhulu.

Izifanekiso Zentando Yeningi Eziqondile

Amazwe anjenge Switzerland nezifunda eziningi zase-U.S. avumela izakhamuzi ukuba zihlongoze ukuhlelwa komthetho-mthetho ngokuthatha isinyathelo nokuthatha i-astendem. Kulezi zimiso, ilungelo lokuqala ushintsho libaluleke njengelungelo lokuvota. Izakhamuzi kumelwe ziqoqe inani elincane lezisayithi ukuze zifanelekele ukumiswa kwevoti yomphakathi. Lokhu kukhipha ingxenye ebalulekile yesibopho emphakathini womphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Switzerland ihlanganisa inkathi yokuhlola okungokomthetho phambi kwe-arevenlum, iqinisekisa ukuthi amazwi amaningi akha i-atting isicelo sokugcina. [[FL:0] i-FLCrevel Changerly [[FLF:1]] ikhipha iziyalezo eziningi ngendlela yokuqondisa amalungelo ezakhamuzi.

Izifanekiso Ezimelelayo Eziye Zakhishwa Umphakathi

Amazwe amaningi, kuhlanganise ne-Ireland ne-Australia, afuna ukuba izinguquko zomthetho-mthetho zidluliswe yisishaya-mthetho bese zigunyazwa abantu ekhonweni. Lokhu kulunga okuhlangene kuqinisekisa ukuthi kokubili abameleli abakhethiwe nezakhamuzi ezivamile bavumela izinguquko eziyisisekelo. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Ireland, isibonelo soMhlangano weSintu siye sasetshenziselwa ukulungisa ngamabomu ukuncitshiswa okuyinkimbinkimbi njengokulingana komshado namalungelo okukhishwa kwesisu, sinikeza izakhamuzi indima ehleliwe esigabeni sokuqala sokuthatha ifomu.

Izifanekiso Ezisadlangala Ephalamende

EUnited Kingdom (enomthetho-sisekelo ongamiswanga kodwa osaqhubeka ubhekana nezinguquko eziphawulekayo zomthetho-sisekelo), ukushintshwa kwemithetho eyisisekelo kumiswa yiPhalamende. Nakuba izakhamuzi zingenakuvota ngokuqondile, zisebenzisa amalungelo azo nemithwalo yemfanelo ngokukhetha ama-MP, ngokuhlanganyela ekubuzeni umphakathi, nokunxusa abameli bephalamende. Umthwalo wemfanelo wokuhlanganyela phakathi kokhetho unzima kakhulu ezimisweni ezinjalo, njengoba igama elilodwa lephalamende lingabangela izinguquko zomthetho-mthetho ngaphandle kokuvota okuthandwayo.

Izinselele Ezivamile Nendlela Yokuzinqoba

Ukusebenzisa amalungelo akho nokufeza imithwalo yemfanelo akuqondile ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Ukungaqondi Nokungaqondi

Izinguquko zomthetho-sisekelo zivame ukuheha izinkulumo ezingamanga eziklanyelwe ukuthonya umbono womphakathi. Ukuze zimelane nalokhu, izakhamuzi kufanele zinqamule ukwaziswa okuthandwayo nemithombo kahulumeni osemthethweni nezinhlangano ezihlola iqiniso. Ukuqeqesha ukufunda nokubhala kuyaba yikhono elidingekile lomphakathi. Hlanganyela kuphela ulwazi oluqinisekisiwe futhi umeme amanga uma uzibona.

Ulimi Oluyinkimbinkimbi Olungokomthetho

Imibhalo yomthetho inzima kubabethi-mthetho. Ama-gasmeter amaningi manje adinga ukufushaniswa kolimi olucacile. Uma izwe lakini linganikezi yona, funa ukufushaniswa kwemitapo ye-bar, imithola-mthetho yaseyunivesithi, noma amaqembu emithetho ephezulu. Unganqikazi ukubuza ummeleli wakho ukuba akuchazele.

I - “poter Turrout ” Ephansi

Uma izakhamuzi eziningi ziyeka, umphumela ungase ungameleli intando yeqiniso yabantu.Umthwalo wemfanelo wokuvota uhlanganisa ukukhuthaza abanye ukuba bavote. Hlela amatheko, unike abaqondisi abangabodwa abavoti, futhi ukhumbuze abangane nomndeni ngezinsuku zokhetho.

Izinselele Ezingokomthetho Enqubweni

Uma usola ukuthi lenqubo yokulungisa inephutha ngokwezinga elivamile (isinye, ukungahloli komphakathi ngokwanele, ukuntuleka kwe-modum esigeqeni, ukuqoqwa kwesivumelwano esingekho ngokomthetho), unelungelo lokuyibekela inselele enkantolo. Kodwa isinyathelo esingokomthetho kufanele sibe yikhambi lokugcina, ikhambi lokuqala lezentengo zomphakathi njengezicelo nokuphikisa komphakathi. Uma ukumangalelwa kudingekile, funa usizo olungokomthetho ezinhlanganweni ezinikezelwe ekuvikeleni komthetho.

Okwenza Ukuba Nengxenye Kwakho Manje Kube Yize Kunanini

Ushintsho lomthetho luyakhula embulungeni yonke, lubangelwa ukuhlaziywa kwezombangazwe, ukuphazamiseka kwezobuchwepheshe, kanye nezinhlangano zezenhlalo. Emazweni amaningi, ukuvuleka kokushintsha kwenguquko kuyakhula, futhi ukufinyelela isilinganiso sento yonke kusuka ekushintsheni isimo sezulu kuya emalungelweni emishinini. Izakhamuzi eziphila ngokuthula zisengozini yokuba nomthetho wazo oyisisekelo owenziwe yizikhundla ezikhethekile kuphela. [ Ukuhlanganyela noshintsho lomthetho womthetho akusona isenzakalo esisodwa sesikhathi kodwa umthwalo wemfanelo oqhubekayo. Ivoti yakho nezwi elisebenzayo namuhla liyonquma izinga ledemodemocrive yakho eyifa.

Ngokomlando, izikhathi ezingokomthetho-sisekelo zenza ushintsho lweBhili yamaLungelo ase-U.S., umthetho-sisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika olandela i-apartheid, noma u-1965 Voting Rights Act [1] waphumelela ngenxa yokuthi izakhamuzi zafuna ukuba ungene, ukuba sobala, nokuziphendulela [. Isimiso esifanayo sisebenza kuyo yonke inqubo yokulungisa, enkulu noma encane. Ngokwazi amalungelo akho, ukwamukela imithwalo yakho, futhi uhlanganyele kuzo zonke izinga, uba umgcini wendlela yomthetho wezwe.