Imbulunga Yonke Yamalungelo Amanzi Nobulungisa

Amalungelo amanzi nokutholakala kwamanzi ahlanzekile okulinganayo kusephakathi kwezinselele ezicindezela kakhulu esikhathini sethu. Nakuba ilungelo lomuntu lokuthola amanzi nenhlanzeko laqashelwa ngokucacile yi-United Nations General Assembly ngo-2010, izigidi zezigidi zabantu azikakwazi ukuthola amanzi ahlanzekile. Ukungalingani kokungena kwamanzi akuyona into ezenzekelayo; kugxile kakhulu ezindleleni ezingokomlando zobandlululo, ukubekwa imingcele yezomnotho, nokuhlukaniswa kwezombangazwe. Ukukhuluma ngalezi zindawo kudinga ukucatshangelwa okuyisisekelo kokuthi amalungelo amanzi achazwa, ahlelwe kanjani, ahlelwe kanjani, futhi aqikelelwa kanjani kuyo yonke imiphakathi.

Ukuchaza Amalungelo Asemanzini: Izwe Eliyinkimbinkimbi Elingokomthetho Nelokuziphatha

Amalungelo amanzi anquma ukuthi ubani ongasebenzisa amanzi avela emthonjeni othile, ngaphansi kwezimo, naziphi izinjongo. Lamalungelo ahluka kakhulu ngokwezwe, ngokwesifunda, nangokwesiko lomthetho. Kwezinye izifunda, amalungelo amanzi ahlobene nobunikazi bendawo; kwezinye, abuswa ukulawulwa yilungelo langaphambi (“kuqala ngesikhathi, okokuqala ngakwesokudla”) noma izimfundiso ezidalulayo. Ukuziphatha kucacile: amanzi abalulekile ekuphileni, kodwa angokomthetho avame ukuwaphatha njengempahla yezomnotho kunokuba athenjwe umphakathi. Lokhu kushukuma okuphakathi kwamalungelo abantu nokuhle enhliziyweni yokufinyelela okungakholeki.

Imfundiso yokwethenjwa komphakathi ama-apright

Ngaphansi kwemfundiso yomphakathi yokuthembana, amanzi anikezwa uhulumeni ukuze kuzuze izakhamuzi zonke. Nokho, amazwe amaningi anezimiso zomthetho ezivumela izinhlangano ezinamandla zezolimo zezezobuchwepheshe ((izezolimo, izimboni zezimayini, noma amamasipala acebile ) ukuthatha nokulawula imithombo yamanzi, ukushiya amaqembu asemaqeleni anezinto ezinganele noma ezingcolisiwe. Ngokwesibonelo, entshona ye-United States, amalungelo angaphambili e-appropria aye athande ukukhokha isayensi yokulima ezindaweni ezizimele nasemaphandleni. Izindlela ezifanayo zivela ezindaweni ze-Afrika nase-Asia lapho imithetho yamanzi elawulwa amakoloni isathonya ukwabiwa.

Izimbangela Eziyinhloko Zokwehluka Kwamanzi

Ukwehluka ekungeneni kwamanzi akuyona nje indaba yokuma kwezwe noma ukuhamba kwamanzi. Kuvezwa futhi kuqiniswe ukungalingani kwezimiso. Ukuqonda izimbangela ezibalulekile ekungeneni okuphumelelayo ekungeneni.

Ukunganaki Nokungavumelani Okungokomlando

Imiphakathi eminingi enemibala, amaqembu ezakhamuzi, kanye nemiphakathi encishisiwe iye yasuswa ngokulandelana ekungeniseni izimali zamanzi. E-United States, ukuvuselela nokunye ukuhlukanisa izindlu ngokusemthethweni kuhlangene ngokuqondile nezimiso zamanzi ezingaphansi kukamasipala ezisezindaweni ezimnyama nawase-Hispanic. Lezindawo ezifanayo manje zibhekene namazinga aphakeme okungcoliswa yi-lead, izikhungo zamanzi okubilisa, nokuvinjelwa. Ezweni lonke, amasimu ahlala kuwo ngokuvamile awawaqapheli ngokomthetho amalungelo amanzi, avumela izimboni ezithatha izakhi izimpahla ukuba ziqede noma zingcolise imithombo yendawo ngesijeziso secala.

Izithiyo Zezomnotho Nezigebengu Zokuvimbela Izomnotho

Ngisho noma amanzi etholakala ngokomzimba, izindleko zokuxhumana, ukwelashwa, kanye nokusakazwa kwemali kungaba yisithiyo. Imikhaya ethola imali ephansi ingachitha ingxenye enkulu yemali yayo emanzini, iholele ezindlekweni ezingangeni ezifanele nakukuhlukana. Ezindaweni zasemaphandleni zamazwe asathuthuka, ukungabikho kwemifantu eqinile ebangela abesifazane namantombazane ukuhamba amabanga amade beyolanda amanzi, ukuqhubekisela phambili imijikelezo yobumpofu nobulili bobulili. INhlangano Yezwe Lezempilo ilinganisela ukuthi abantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili basebenzisa umthombo wamanzi okuphuza ongcoliswe imfucumfucu, iqokomisa ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kwezindawo zezindawo ezisezingeni elisezingeni eliphezulu nezinkinga zempilo.

Ukuzihlukanisa Ngokomthetho Namalungelo Angaziwa

Ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, amalungelo angokwesiko amanzi asekelwe ezimisweni ezingokwesiko zokubusa − umqondisi wezimiso zesizwe eceleni komthetho wemithetho. Uma izakhiwo zomthetho wezwe zihluleka ukuqaphela lamalungelo angokwesiko, yonke imiphakathi ingachazwa njengengabonakali ezinqumweni zokuphatha amanzi. Lokhu kukhulu kakhulu kumaqembu abefundisi, abantu bomdabu, nabalimi abancane abancika kumalungiselelo ethukela kodwa angokomthetho. Ngaphandle kokuqashelwa ngokomthetho, le miphakathi ayinakuma ekuncintisaneni nokungcola noma ukuphazanyiswa yimidlalo ephambili.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo Eziqeda Lenkinga

Izibonelo ezilandelayo zibonisa indlela umehluko ophakama ngayo nendlela imiphakathi elwa ngayo.

Flint, Michigan: Ukwehluleka Kokwethenjwa Umphakathi

Inhlekelele yamanzi yaqala ngo-2014 lapho idolobha lishintshela emthonjeni walo wamanzi eFlint ukuze lilondoloze imali. Amanzi omfula ayedla kakhulu futhi ehlikihla umthofu emapayipini agugile, engcolisa ukuphuza izakhamuzi ezicishe zibe ngu 100 000. Inhlekelele yahlasela umphakathi wamanzi omnyama, ophansi kakhulu. Izikhulu zikahulumeni ezisezweni nase amazingeni endawo zazizazi ngezingozi kodwa zahluleka ukwenza. Izikhulu zezephulamthetho zalethwale ezinye izikhulu, kodwa isifundo esijulile siphathelene nokunganakwa kwemiphakathi okunciphilekile. Izindawo zamanzi zisethathelwa indawo, futhi izakhamuzi eziningi zihlala zingathembani amanzi kamuva. [FLD:] I-National Devidecial . [FLD]

Izakhamuzi Zendawo Ezilwela Ubukhosi Bamanzi

Kusukela eNavajo sizwe e-United States kuya e-Māori e-Aotearoa New Zealand, abantu bomdabu baphambili ekulweni amalungelo amanzi. E-United States, abantu abalinganiselwa ku-40% abahlala ezindaweni zoMdabu waseMelika abakwazi ukufinyelela amanzi ahlanzekile noma indle enele. Ukulwa okungokomthetho ngamalungelo amanzi kuvulekele amashumi eminyaka, nezizwe ngokuvamile ziphoqelelwe ukuba zilwe esikhundleni sobuthakathaka. I-Stylock Sioux Tribes isholost emelene ne-Dataly Reake Rivern ngo-2016-2017 kwadonsela ukunakekela kwembulunga yonke emphakabeni yamalungelo amanzi, ubukhosi besizwe, nendaweni ezungezile. [[FOLD:] I-Intergatest I Aflands Affagement I.[1]

Izindawo Zasemaphandleni E - Afrika Engaphansi KweSaharan

Ezindaweni eziningi zasemaphandleni zase-Afrika ephansi, amanzi angenayo achazwa ngebanga, ubulili, nangezikhathi ezithile. Abesifazane namantombazane bathwala umthwalo oyinhloko wokuqoqa amanzi, ngokuvamile bachitha amahora amaningi usuku ngalunye beya ezindaweni ezikude. Lesi sikhathi sivimbela amantombazane ukuba angayi esikoleni nabesifazane ekuthatheni izindleko zemali. Phakathi nesomiso, imithombo ekhona yokoma, nokuncintisana kwamanzi akhuphuke, ngezinye izikhathi okuholela ekuxabaneni. Izimiso zamanzi ezidayisa izimali ezisemkhakheni zibonise ukuthi zisekelwaphi izimali eziqinile noqeqesho lobuchwepheshe, kodwa ukuphumelela kuhlala kuyinselele. [[FLT:] Inhlangano yezentengiselwano yezempilo ezweni lonke

Izimboni Zesakhelo Ezingokomthetho Nezemithetho

Ukuthuthukisa ukulingana ekutholeni amanzi kudinga izinguquko ezingokomthetho nezingokwezimiso emazingeni amaningi(i-international, izwe, nezindawo). Izici ezilandelayo namasu abucayi.

Ilungelo Lomuntu Lokuthola Amanzi Nokuhlanzeka

IZizwe Ezihlangene zaqaphela ilungelo lomuntu lokuthola amanzi nenhlanzeko ngo-2010 kwaba yimpumelelo ephawulekayo. Ziphoqelela ukuba ziqaphele ngokuqhubekayo ukutholakala kwamanzi aphephile, anele, abizayo, nangenayo ngokoqobo ukuze ziwasebenzise. Nokho, ilungelo alikona ukuzibulala; kudinga ukumiswa ngomthetho wesizwe, ukugadwa kwezesishaya umthetho, nezimiso zokuziphendulela. Amazwe anjenge-South Africa aye afaka ilungelo emithethweni yawo, kuyilapho amanye aye adlulisa imisebenzi ethile yamanzi. Ukuphumelela kwala mathuluzi angokomthetho akuxhomekile ekubopheleleni imibuso ezombangazwe, ukuthatha amalungelo ayo.

Ukuthutha Okukahle

Izimiso zokuthutha ezibeka imingcele engcono kakhulu yabantu abasengozini zinganciphisa izinhlobonhlobo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-National Water Servicess inikeza imikhaya empofu imvume yamanzi ayisisekelo angenalutho, futhi i-National Water Act ikhuthaza ukunikezwa okulinganayo ngesimiso sokulungisa imithombo eqondene nesidingo samaqembu angenayo ngokomlando. EChile, intengo yamalungelo amalungelo abantu yaqala ukusungulwa ngaphansi kobushiqela bezempi, okuholela ekuncipheni nasekuqasheni okukhulu. Izinguquko zamuva zasungula amaqoqo amanzi okudla nokuhamba kwemvelo, nakuba inzuzo ehlala iqinile. Umthetho wemithetho yemithetho kufanele ibeke imithetho ebeke eceleni isilinganiso esincane sezidingo eziyisisekelo zabantu ngaphambi kokuba kuvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kwezempi noma ezezimboni.

Ukuhlanganyela Okuqinisayo Komphakathi

I-quity ayinakufezwa ngaphandle kokuhlanganyela okubalulekile kwemiphakathi ethintekayo ekubusweni kwamanzi. Lokhu akuhlanganisi nje kuphela ukuxhumana kodwa nokuphatha amandla angokomphakathi. Abaphathi bamanzi abalawulwa umphakathi, lapho abasebenzisi bendawo benegunya lezesisekelo, ukuqondisa, nesinqumo sokuphikisana, baye baboniswa ukuthuthukisa kokubili impumelelo nokulunga. EBolivia, “iMpi Yesitha” eCochabamba ngo 2000/inguquko ethandwayo ngokumelene nokwakhiwa kwamanzi e-pritations / inyusa amandla ezisebenzi zomphakathi. I-adetafekthring yanikeza imiphakathi indima engokomthetho ekuqondiseni amanzi, nakuba izinselele ziqhubeka. Imithetho yemithetho igunya kufanele ibophe ukuthi amaqembu asematafuleni emiphakathini yamanzi, iziteshini, amabhodi, amabhodi ezindawo, nama-guleorga.

Ubulungisa Bendawo Ezungezile Nendima Yokushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu

Amanzi alinganayo ancikene nobulungisa bendawo ezungezile. Imiphakathi efikayo neyakha imibala iveza umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu endaweni ezungezile, kuhlanganise nokuchayeka emanzini angcolile kanye nemiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ukuqaphela lezi ziphambano kubalulekile ekuxazululeni izingozi.

Ukushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu Kuwusongo Oluningi

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kunciphisa ukuntuleka kwamanzi nokuguquguquka, kuthinte ngokungenakulinganiswa labo abanemithombo embalwa kakhulu yokuzivumelanisa. Isomiso esithatha isikhathi eside, izikhukhula ezibandayo, nokwenyuka kwesilinganiso sasolwandle kunciphisa izinga lamanzi nokutholakala kwawo. Enyakatho Embulungeni yonke, abalimi abancane nabafuyimi balahlekelwa yimithombo yamanzi engokwesiko, kuyilapho emadolobheni, amaza okushisa kanye nokukhuphuka kobunzima bokuguga. Umqedazwe wamanzi othembekile wokugeza izandla, kodwa izigidi zashiywa ngaphandle kwale mfuneko eMfuleni oyisisekelo. Ukushintsha isimo sezulu kumelwe kuhlanganise imigomo ecacile, njengokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhweba ngezimali kuzuzisa imiphakathi yokuqala.

Ukungcola Nokwehla Kwempilo

Ukungcola kwamanzi akunambulwa ngokwesilinganiso. Izindawo zezimboni, imfucumfucu eyingozi, kanye nokuthutha kwezolimo okungcolisa kakhulu imithombo yamanzi ecishe ingabikho kanye nemiphakathi emincane. E-United States, umqondo “wobuhlanga” uchaza indlela izinhlanga eziyisibonakaliso esinamandla kakhulu ngayo ezindaweni ezingcolisiwe. ECalifornia’s Central Valley, amanye amapulazi akhiqiza kakhulu asendaweni ephansi angcoliswe amanzi angcolile ama - nitrate, okuthinta amanzi okuphuza ezisebenzi zasepulazini nasemikhayeni yabo. Imiphumela yempilo isukela ezifweni ezimahlala khona ezindaweni ezinamahlala khona kuya ezimweni ezimahlala khona ezingathi umdlavuza nomonakalo. Ukungcoliswa kwemithetho ehlanzekile enyiselwayo, kanye nokuthengwa kwamanzi angekho ngendawo yamanzi ezindaweni ezisezindaweni ezithintekele.

Amakhambi Aqalile Nezinyathelo Zomphakathi Eziqalile

Nakuba kudingeka ushintsho lwesimiso sokusebenza, kukhona nezimpande ezintsha zotshani namakhambi obuchwepheshe abonisa ukuthi ukulawulwa kwamanzi ngendlela eqondile kungabukeka kanjani.

Ukuphathwa kwamanzi agcinwe emphakathini

Kusukela emaphandleni aseTanzania kuya emadolobheni ase-Brazil, ukuphatha amanzi okuhamba emphakathini kuye kwabonakala kuphumelela ekulungiseni igebe phakathi kwezinhlangano ezingokomthetho nezidingo zendawo. Lezi zinyathelo zihilela amakomiti amanzi aqoqa izindleko zomsebenzisi, alondoloze izakhiwo, futhi asebenzelane nezinhlangano zangaphandle. Izici eziyinhloko zempumelelo zihlanganisa ukuphatha ngokwezimali, ukuqeqeshwa kwezobuchwepheshe, nokuqashelwa yiziphathimandla zikahulumeni. Iwebsite yamanzi inikeza izifundo zezendaba nemithombo yamanzi ezisebenza ngezimiso zamanzi zomphakathi.[

Ubuchwepheshe Bokuphelelisa

Ubuchwepheshe obungabizi kakhulu obunjengezisefo ezisebenza ngemisebe yemisebe, izimpompo ezinamandla elanga, nokuthola ukuvuza kwezinzwa kungathuthukisa ukutholakala kwamanzi nezinga eliphezulu endaweni. Izimiso zokukhokha izimoto zisiza imikhaya ukuba ithenge amanzi ngesilinganiso esincane, esingabizi. Nokho, ubuchwepheshe bodwa abulona ikhambi; kumelwe bufakwe ezimisweni ezisekelayo nasemphakathini olawulwa. Ngokwesibonelo, imishini yokwelapha ngamanzi ampompo inganciphisa izifo ezibangelwa amanzi, kodwa ihluleka ukulinganiselwa uma imikhaya ingenayo imali yokuthenga izisembobo zokuwalungisa noma uma ukulondoloza ingekho. Ukulungiswa kobuchwepheshe okukhona kudinga ukunakekelwa, amandla okwakha asendaweni, nokusekela okuqhubekayo.

Amandla Angokomthetho Nokumangalelwa

Ukugunyazwa okungokomthetho kwe-Community kuye kwaba yithuluzi elinamandla lokuthuthukisa amanzi. Izinhlangano zezenzuzo kanye nezinhlangano zomthetho zezenzuzo zomphakathi ziye zasebenzisa iqhinga elingokomthetho ukuphoqelela ohulumeni ukuba bavumelane nezibopho zamalungelo amanzi. E-Afrika eNingizimu, icala Mazibuko v. Idolobha laseJohannesburg[ liphethe ukunqatshelwa kokungahlangani kwamanzi ayisisekelo, futhi nakuba iNkantolo yoMthetho-sisekelo ekugcineni ingagunyazanga inani elithile, icala limisa izenzakalo ezibalulekile ngokuphathelene ne-procdeval nobulungisa. ENdiya, i-Grive i-"iright to geady oright of the Fectivestionstions, ihosa ukuhlelela uhulumeni ukuba ukwahlulela ngokuhlelela amanzi.

Isiphetho: Ngasesikhathini Esizayo Samanzi Esifanele

Ukutholakala kwamanzi ngokulinganayo akuyona inkinga engokobuchwepheshe, kodwa kuyinkinga engokobupolitiki nengokokuziphatha. Ukuhlukahluka kwamalungelo amanzi nokuthola izinto okuchazwe kulesi sihloko kuwumphumela wokukhetha, hhayi ukungabi nazinzuzo. Ngokuqinisa izivikelo ezingokomthetho, ukutshala izakhiwo eziyisisekelo zezindawo ezigciniwe, ukunikeza ukubusa kwendawo, futhi ukusingatha amandla ahlangene embusweni wezemvelo noshintsho lwendawo, imiphakathi ingaya ekusasa lapho amanzi esekela khona ngempela bonke abantu. Umuntu ngamunye, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inzuzo, noma indawo, ufanelwe ukukhokha, ukulingana, ukukhokha, nokukhokha. Ukuveza umbono odinga isibopho esiqinile kohulumeni, umphakathi, nezinhlangano zomhlaba, kanye nokuzimisela ukusekela imithombo yalabo abaye bakhona ezindaweni ezikhona.