Ukuziphendukela Kokubusa Kwamanzi Asemadolobheni Ngenkathi Yokuhlangana

Ukushintsha ngokushesha kwabantu embulungeni yonke kuye kwafaka ukucindezela okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili ezimisweni zamanzi zikamasipala. Amadolobha awasasebenzi nje abathengi bamanzi abangasebenzi; aqala ukusebenza, izimiso ezihlakaniphile ezikwazi ukuzwa, ukusabela, nokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Lokhu kushintsha kuhlala phakathi kwedolobha elihlakaniphile, lapho izakhiwo zemishini nezimiso zemininingwane zezokwaziswa kushintsha khona indlela esisebenzisa ngayo imithombo yamanzi. Inqubo yamanzi, ngokwesiko indawo ehamba kancane kancane yezimiso nezimiso zokuhlela izakhiwo, manje kumelwe iqhubeke ngokushesha nokuhambisana nezimiso ezinikezwa ezobuchwepheshe. Ikusasa lamanzi emizini ehlakaniphile alikho nje ukugcwalisa inzuzo eyigugu — ayikona ukuhlanganisa imithombo eyigugu yobuhlobo phakathi kwezakhamuzi, indawo ezungezile, indawo ezungezile, indawo ezungezile, indawo ezungezile, lapho ihamba khona ngendawo yamanzi.

Ukuhlangana kwe-Internet of This (IoT), ukuhlakanipha kokwenziwa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemishini ethuthukisiwe kwenza ukuba izinga lokungangeni kwamanzi elingenakucatshangwa eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Amahhovisi angahlola izinga lamanzi esikhathini sangempela, athole ukuvuza kwasekhaya, futhi abikezele izindlela zokufuna ngokunemba okukhulu. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zinqubo zobuchwepheshe kuphakamisa imibuzo eyinkimbinkimbi mayelana nemfihlo, ukulingana, ukubusa, nokugcina isikhathi eside. Ukulawula inqubo yamanzi ephumelelayo yamadolobha ahlakaniphile kudinga isenzo sokulinganisela kahle phakathi kwentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe nomphakathi. Izigxobo ziphakeme kakhulu: ngo-2050, cishe amaphesenti angu-70 ezakhamuzi zomhlaba alindeleke ukuba aphile ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, ukwenza impumelelo ekwazi ukuphatha imithombo yamanzi engcono.

Ukuze siqonde ukuthi inqubo yamanzi iphokophelephi, kusiza ukuhlola kuqala izisekelo zobuchwepheshe ezishintshayo, bese kuhlolwa izimiso zokuqondisa nezenhlalo okumelwe zihambisane nazo. Indlela engaphambili ayikona nje ukufaka amapayipi namamitha ahlakaniphile; iphathelene nokwakha isivumelwano esisha somphakathi emanzini — esigcina ukwaziswa okulungile kuyilapho sivikela ekusetshenzisweni kabi.

Isivikelo Sezobuchwepheshe Sezimiso Zamanzi Ahlakaniphile

Ukuhlolwa Kwesikhathi Sangempela Ne-inthanethi Yezinto

Phakathi kwanoma yisiphi isimiso samanzi esihlakaniphile kunesimiso esinemizwa eminingi elinganisa isilinganiso sezilinganiso ezinjengezinga lokuhamba, ukunyuka, izinga lokushisa, amazinga e-PH, kanye nobukhona obungaguquguquki. Lemishini ye-IoT ikha isimiso semizwa ye-grain, idlulisa ukwaziswa ebekwe phakathi kwezindawo zokuhlola lapho ingahlelwa khona futhi isetshenziswe khona. Kubenzi bezimiso, izimpawu zibalulekile: ukuhlola kwangempela kwesikhathi kuvumela izimiso ezixwayisayo ukuze zingcolise izenzakalo, kunciphisa isikhathi esidingekayo sokubona nokulungisa uvuzi, futhi kunikeza ukwaziswa okucebile kokubikezela isidingo. IMadolescean neSingapore kakade isithumele imiphakathi ye-IT yezokuphatha amanzi, ibonisa ukuncishiswa kwamanzi nokusetshenziswa kokusebenza.

Nokho, ukwanda kwezinzwa nakho kuletha izimpawu. Umshini ngamunye ohlangene umelela indawo yokungena ekuhlaseleni kwe-inthanethi, futhi umthamo omkhulu wemininingwane ekhiqizwayo udala ukukhathazeka okuyimfihlo, ikakhulukazi uma imiklamo yokusetshenziswa ihlangene nemikhaya ngayinye. Amapulani okulawula kumelwe alungise lezi zingozi ekhanda, amise izindinganiso ezicacile ze-data ebhalwe phansi, ukulawula, nokufihla. iziqondiso ezithiwayo zezezezezezezemisebenzi yedolobha elihlakaniphile [[ zinikeza iphuzu eliwusizo, kodwa izimiso zesizwe nezomhlaba ziyodinga ukuqhubekela ukuvikela izakhamuzi kuyilapho zisenza iprojekthi.

Isayensi Yokubikezela Nokufunda Ngemishini

Imininingwane iyodwa ayinele; inani langempela livela ekhonweni lokuyihlaziya nokuthola ulwazi olusebenzayo. Imithetho-mithetho yokusebenza komshini ingakhomba amafektha ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi okungase kulahleke, kukwazi ukuwalungisa ngokubikezela okuvimbela ukuhluleka ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke. Ngokwesibonelo, ushintsho olucashile lokucindezela noma ukugeleza lungabonisa ukuqhuma kwepayipi elizayo, ukuvumela izinto ezisebenza ngokuqhubekayo kunokusabela eziphuthumayo. Ngokufanayo, ukufuna ukubikezelwa kwezinhlelo zokubikezela kunganciphisa izinhlelo zokumpompa, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokunciphiswa kwekharbon

Kumthetho wamanzi, obikezelayo, umnyango osekelwe ekuqondiseni ukusebenza. Esikhundleni sokumisa kusengaphambili ubuchwepheshe obuthile noma imisebenzi esebenzayo, abaqondisi bangahlela izisulu ezisekelwe ekuncipheni kwamanzi angenakho ukuncishiswa kwamanzi, izikhathi zenkonzo, noma ukuvumelana nokusebenza kwamanzi. Imisebenzi yomphakathi iyakuba nethuba lokukhetha izixazululo zobuchwepheshe ezisebenzayo ukuze ihlangabezane nalezo zisulu. Lendlela ikhuthaza ukusungulwa kokugcinwa kwemithetho lapho iqhubeka idinga ukulandisa okuyinkimbinkimbi kokungahlangani kwemisebenzi eminingi manje. Ukwakha lelo khono — ngokuqeqesha, ukubambisana, nokuhlanganyela ulwazi — kufanele kube yinto yokuqala kubenzi bezinto.

Ukulawula Okuzenzekelayo Nezinguquko Ezishintshayo

Izimiso zamanzi ezihlakaniphile azizona nje ezizihambelayo; futhi zingazenza ngokwazo. Ama-automatic valve, amampompi, kanye nohlelo lokwelapha kungasabela ekushintsheni kwezimo esikhathini sangempela, ukusakaza okungalinganiswa ngaphandle kokungenela komuntu. Phakathi nezikhathi zokuswela okukhulu, ngokwesibonelo, isimiso esihlakaniphile singalungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo izindawo ezicindezelayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zikhona imithombo elinganayo kuzo zonke izingxenye zedolobha. Uma kwenzeka isenzakalo esingcolisekile, ama-vlovs angaqala ukuhlanganisa indawo ethintekile futhi avikele impilo yomphakathi.

Leli zinga lokuzihlela liphakamisa imibuzo ebalulekile yokulawula. Ubani obekelwe ukuhlelwa uma isinqumo esizisebenzelayo sibangela ukulimala? Siqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi izimiso ezizisebenzelayo aziwuthwesi umthwalo omkhulu imiphakathi efikayo? Lena akuyona imibuzo yobuchwepheshe kuphela; ayiyona eyezobuchwepheshe nezimiso zezimiso zezombangazwe. Abenzi bemithetho kumelwe bahileleke emphakathini, abaqondisi bemithetho yezimiso zezimiso zezimiso zomthetho, nabameleli bomphakathi ukuba bathuthukise iziqondiso ezingokomthetho zokubekwa kwezimiso zokuphatha amanzi ezizimo ngokwazo. [OECD] imigaqo ye-Prometances on Water province [[ igcizelela ukucaca, ukulandisa nokuthatha icala, nokuphathiswa kwemithetho ephathiswa umthetho — izindinganiso ezibaluleke kakhulu njengakuba nezindawo zokuphathiswa kwemithetho.

Izinselele Zokuqondisa Nesidingo Sokuzivumelanisa Nezimo

Ukuba Wedwa Kwemininingwane, Ukulondeka Nokuba Umnikazi

Enye yezinselele ezicindezela kakhulu zesimiso samanzi esihlakaniphile ukuphatha ukwaziswa. Ukwaziswa okusetshenziswa emanzini kungaveza imininingwane ejulile ngokuziphatha kwasekhaya: lapho abantu bevuka, bepheka, lapho begeza, benisela izingadi zabo. Kusetshenziswa le mininingwane ekuthuthukiseni ukunikezelwa kwenkonzo nokuhlelwa kwezezimali eziyisisekelo, kodwa ngokwezinga ngalinye, kumelela ukuphazamisa komshoshaphansi okungamukeleki kwezakhamuzi eziningi. Imithetho ecacile iyadingeka ngokuphathelene nokuthi obani abakwazi ukukunikeza ukwaziswa, ukuthi bangakufinyelela kuphi, futhi ngaziphi izinjongo ezingasetshenziswa.

Ezinye izifundazwe ziqalile ukusingatha lezi zimpikiswano ngomthetho. I-European’s General Data Protection Regculation (GDPR) inikeza uhlelo oluqinile lwesivikelo se-data olusebenza ezimisweni ezihlakaniphile zasedolobheni, kuhlanganise nabaphathi bamanzi. E-United States, izifunda-zifunda eziningi ziye zasungula izindleko ezikhuluma ngokuqondile ngemfihlo ye-data ye-minethi ehlakaniphile. Nokho, ukusebenza kwemithetho yemithetho yemithetho kubangela ukungaqiniseki kobuchwepheshe kanye nemishini esebenza ezindaweni eziningi. Indlela evumelana kakhulu, mhlawumbe ngemithetho yesibonelo noma amaqoqo ezindawo ezizimele, kunganciphisa izindleko zokubambisana uma kugcinwa isivikelo esiqinile.

Ukuzinza kwemboni kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Njengoba izimiso zamanzi zixhumene kakhulu, ziba sengozini kakhulu yokuhlasela kweze-inthanethi. Umzamo ka-2021 woshevu ukutholakala kwamanzi e-Oldsmar, Florida, ngokuhlela isimiso sokuthola kwemithi ekude kakhulu yezokwelapha kwaba ukuqasha kwemboni. Abenzi bemithetho kumelwe bagunyaze izindinganiso ezilinganiselwe ze-inthambi yamanzi, badinga ukuvikelwa njalo kwezindawo zokuhlola, futhi bamise imithetho elandelwayo yokusabela kwezehlakaniselana. [[FLT: 0] Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Cybersecurity ne Instrualgial Security Agency (IS) kusungule ukuqondisa okukhethekile kwamanzi, kodwa kuhlala kungenamfathiwe.

Ukulingana Nokungalingani

Ubuchwepheshe bamanzi obuhlakaniphile bungathuthukisa izinga lenkonzo futhi bunciphise izindleko, kodwa kunengozi yokuthi izinzuzo ziyotholakala ngokungenakulinganiswa emiphakathini ecebile. Ukutshala i-scheme mameters, izinzwa, kanye ne-alytics ubuchwepheshe obungasiza kakhulu, futhi i-awachith ingalingeka ukuba ifake izinto ezifakwa endaweni eziphezulu kakhulu. Lokhu kungaveza ukulingana okukhona ekungeneni emanzini nasesikweletini, kushiye inzuzo ephansi nezindawo ezisezingenisingeni eliphansi zemisebenzi yokuguga nezezezentengono ephansi.

Ukuze kuvinjelwe lomphumela, inkambiso yamanzi kumele ithathe amakheli acacile. Lokhu kungathatha amafomu amaningana: idinga izinto ezisebenzayo ukuze kuboniswe ukuthi imishini yobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile izuzisa zonke izingxenye zamakhasi, ikhemikha yezinga elivikela imikhaya engenisa imali ephansi ekunyukeni kwezindleko, futhi ibonelele ngezimali noma ngezimali eziphansi kakhulu zokusekela izakhiwo ezisezikhungweni ezigciniwe. Ukubolekisa ngomphakathi kubalulekile; izakhamuzi kufanele zibe nezwi ezinqumweni eziphathelene nokuthi iziphi isayensi ezindaweni zazo ezihlala kuzo nokuthi isetshenziswa kanjani. Amanye amadolobha aye azama ngezindlela zokusebenzisa imali ezihlukene ezisetshenziswayo ezingoko ezingoko okuzimo eziphambili ezingokongalawuleki kwemali edolobha, anika izakhamuzi ukulawulwa okulawula izimali eziphambili.

Ukubambisana Nezindinganiso

Imakethe yamanzi ehlakaniphile isahlukene phakathi, nabathengisi abaningi benikeza izisombululo ze-propritary ne-software. Lokhu kungabi nakubambisana kwakha izingozi zokuvala imishini futhi kwenza kube nzima ukuhlanganisa izinhlelo ezisezindaweni ezingaphandle noma kwezinye izindawo ezihlakaniphile zamadolobha, njengamandla noma izinto zokuthutha. Abenzi bomthetho bangasiza ngokuthuthukisa izindinganiso ezivulekile nangokukhuthaza ukusebenzisa amafomende avamile okwaziswa kanye nemithetho yokuxhumana. Ukulungisa iziqondiso ezidinga ukuhambisana nezindinganiso ezivulekile kungaqhubekisela imakelele emakethe ekusebenziseni inzuzo enkulu ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwendlela ehlukile.

I-compania nezinhlangano zezezemboni kakade sezisebenza kulenselele. I-Open Geopatial Consourium (OGC) iye yaveza izindinganiso zokuhlanganyela ulwazi lwamanzi, futhi i-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) iye yakhipha izindinganiso zezimiso zokulawula amanzi ezihlakaniphile. Abenzi bomthetho kufanele basekele le mizamo futhi bacabangele ukunamathela ezindinganisweni ezihlobene nezimiso njengesimo sokwamukela ukuxhasa kwezemisebenzi yamanzi ephambili.

Amathuba Okuguqula

Ukuphathwa kwesidingo nokushintsha kokuziphatha

Elinye lamathuba athembisa kakhulu ekuqondiseni amanzi amahle ikhono lokufaka abathengi ngokuqondile emizamweni yokulondolozwa kwamanzi. Amamitha ahlakaniphile anemiboniso yekhaya noma ama-apps ahamba-hambayo anganikeza imikhaya impumelelo yangempela ekusebenziseni kwawo amanzi, asize ukuba ibone imikhuba yokuchitha nokulungisa ukuziphatha kwayo. Ukuhlola kuye kwabonisa ukuthi imikhaya ekwaziyo ukusebenzisa ukwaziswa okungokoqobo ngesikhathi sangempela inciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngesilinganiso, kanye nemali enkulu efinyelelwayo uma ihlangene nezindlela zokulondoloza imvelo kanye nokuqhathanisa ontanga.

Isimiso samanzi singasheshisa lomkhuba ngokufuna izinto ezisizayo ukuze zinikeze amakhasimende ukwaziswa okusetshenziswayo elungiselelweni lobungane, nangokusekela imikhankaso yemfundo yomphakathi ekhuthaza ukuziphatha okugcina amanzi. Imishini esheshayo yokulungisa imishini, njengamazinga onyaka noma amaqoqo ayandayo asetshenziswayo, futhi angathuthukisa ukulondolozwa kwemvelo, kodwa kumelwe aklanywe ngokucophelela ukuze agweme ukubeka umthwalo ongafanele ezindlini ezingenisa imali ephansi. Ezinye izimboni zemishini ziye zaphumelela ekusebenziseni izinhlelo zemishini yamanzi ehamba phambili namathuluzi asebenza emanzini ancishisiwe.

Ukubhekana Nokushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kukhulisa kokubili ukuntula amanzi kanye nengozi yezikhukhula, okwenza ukukwazi ukumelana nesimiso samanzi asedolobheni kube yinto eyinhloko ekhathazayo. Ubuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile bungasiza amadolobha ukuba azivumelanise nalezi zinselele ngezindlela eziningana. Izibikezelo zezulu ezithuthukile, kanye nokwaziswa okusebenza ngesikhathi samanzi asemanzini asemanzini, kungathuthukisa izimiso zokuxwayisa ngezikhukhula futhi kusize ukulawulwa kwezindawo zamanzi aneziphepho. Phakathi nesomiso, izimiso zokunisela ngenkasa kungathuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi emapaki, izindawo eziluhlaza, nezolimo, ukunciphisa ukungcola kuyilapho kugcinwa izinkonzo ezidingekayo.

Mhlawumbe okubaluleke kakhulu, izimiso zamanzi ezihlakaniphile zingasekela ukuhlanganiswa kwemithombo yamanzi ehlukile, njengokuvuthwa kwamanzi emvula, ukuvuselelwa kwemivubukulo, nokukhishwa kwamanzi. Ngokuhlola izinga lamanzi kanye nokufunwa kwawo ngesikhathi sangempela, amakhemikhali angaxuba amanzi asuka emithonjeni eminingi ukuze afanelane nokusetshenziswa okuhloselwe, ukunciphisa isidingo samanzi okuphuza aphuzwa kakhulu ngenxa yemisebenzi engekho nzuzo. Izimiso zomthetho kufanele zikhuthaze lezindlela ngokumisa izinga lamanzi elicwebile lokusetshenziswa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, ukuvumela izinqubo ezihlukene, nokunikeza izisusa zemali zokusetshenziswa kwamanzi ahlanzekile futhi asetshenziswe ngokusetshenziswa futhi.

Imininingwane Efakiwe

Izakhiwo zamanzi emadolobheni amaningi ziyaguga futhi zidinga ukuthathelwa indawo. I-American Society of Civil Engineers ilinganisela ukuthi i-United States iyodwa idinga ukutshala imali engaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-100 zamaRandi emanzini nasemfucumfucu yamanzi angcolile phakathi neshumi leminyaka elizayo. Izimiso zamanzi ezihlakaniphile zingasiza ekuhleleni lemali ngokunikeza umbono oningiliziwe wesimo samapayipi, amapayipi, nezindawo zokwelapha. Kunokuba ithembele ekulungiseni noma ezimisweni ezisekelwe enkathini yokushintsha isilinganiso sonyaka, i-athoter ingasebenzisa i-data yokuhlola isimo ukuze ibeke inzuzo ekubekeni imali ekhona lapho izoba nemiphumela emikhulu ekuthembekeni kwayo.

Umthetho ungasekela lolushintsho ngokufuna izinto ezisizayo ekuthuthukiseni amasu okulawula izinto ezisemqoka asekelwe ekuhlolweni kwemininingwane yesimo sokwaziswa, nangokuhlanganisa ukukwazi ukusekela izimali zikahulumeni noma zesisekelo sikahulumeni ekuthatheni imithetho enjalo. U.S. Ukungenela kwezokuvikela imvelo i-Arhente ye-Ater Infrablicature and Resilience] kunikeza isibonelo sendlela izinhlangano zikahulumeni ezingakhuthaza ngayo ukufakwa kwezomthetho wezezomthetho wezwe nowomhlaba wonke.

Izimiso Ezifanelekile Zekusasa Elinamagebhugebhu

Yakha Isimiso Sokulawula Isimiso Solwazi Esinemibandela

Abenzi bemithetho kufanele bamise umthetho ochaza ngokucacile ukuba nemininingwane, amalungelo okungena, nokusetshenziswa kwemithetho enqabela ukusetshenziswa kokwaziswa kwamanzi. Lesi sici kufanele sihambisane nemithetho yezokuvikela yokwaziswa ebanzi kodwa sihlotshaniswe nezici ezithile zezimiso zamanzi. Kufanele kuhlanganise amalungiselelo okwaziswa okungaqondakali, imvume yabathengi, kanye nokubonakala mayelana nendlela imininingwane esetshenziswa ngayo. Izimiso zokwengamela, njengekhomishane yemininingwane yamanzi noma ibhodi yezokuqondisa, zingasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukubambisana nokwakha ukwethenjwa komphakathi.

Ukuletha Izindinganiso Zokungalondeki Nemibiko Engahlelekile

Ama-etertinet amanzi kufanele adingeke ukuze ahlangabezane nezindinganiso ze-inthanethi eziqinile, enze ukuhlola okuvamile okuyingozi, futhi abike izenzakalo ze-inthanethi kumphathi ophethe. Amathuluzi amancane nawama-intshi, ngokuvamile antula imithombo yokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokhuseleko eziqinile, kufanele athole usizo lwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokusekela ngokwezimali. Uhlelo lwe-inthanethi ye-inthaneti ye-inthanethi yamanzi ingasiza i-ocessistemist othenetic ukuba ithole izinqumo zolwazi.

Imali Esetshenziswa Enduneni Yomphakathi Nokulungisa Imishado

Imishini eminingi engcono kakhulu yobuchwepheshe bamanzi ithuthukiswa ngesiqalo nezinkampani ezincane ezingenayo imithombo yokuthola amakhambi azo. Ohulumeni bangasheshisa ukusungulwa kobudlelwano bomphakathi obuzimele obunikeza izimali, ukuhlola, nezindlela zokudayisa. Izindawo zokusungula amanzi, ezifana nalezo kakade ezisebenza emadolobheni anjengeMilwaukee neSingapore, zingahlanganisa abacwaningi, abathengisi, izinto ezisemzimbeni, nabaqondisi bezokungena komphakathi ekungeneni okusha. Lezi zindawo kufanele zithuthukise izinqubo ezintsha zezentele, hhayi nje kuphela.

Uhlelo Lwamanzi Olungenayo Oluhlelwe Ngokuklanywa Kwalo Edolobhani Elihlakaniphile

Abaphathi bamanzi abahlukanisiwe. Izindawo ezihlangene kakhulu namandla, ezokuthutha, ezokuthutha, ezokusebenza kwezwe, nempilo yomphakathi. Amasu asemadolobheni ahlakaniphile kufanele athathe amanzi njengengxenye eyisisekelo yezimiso zasemadolobheni, hhayi indawo egcwele. Ukuhlelwa kokuhlelwa kwamanzi kungaveza izinto ezilahlekayo lapho ingxenye ngayinye ihamba ngokuzisebenzela. Ngokwesibonelo, izisekelo eziluhlaza zokulawula amanzi asesiphelweni zinganikeza indawo yokuzilibazisa, ukuthuthukisa izinga lomoya, nokunciphisa imiphumela yokushisa kweziqhingi zasedolobheni. Ukusebenzisa amanzi kunganciphisa isidingo samandla okwelashwa nokusakaza. Abaphathi bemithetho kufanele badale izimiso zokuhlanganisa amaqembu, njengamaqembu amakomiti okuhlela noma amalungiselelo emisebenzi ehlangene.

Ukuhlanganyela Komphakathi Nokufunda Ngezinombolo

Ukuze izimiso zamanzi ezihlakaniphile zifinyelele ngokugcwele, izakhamuzi zidinga ukuqonda nokuzethemba. Imikhankaso yemfundo yomphakathi ingasusa ubuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile futhi ichaze izinzuzo zayo ngomqondo wokuthi izakhamuzi: amafaktha aphansi, iziphazamiso ezimbalwa zenkonzo, amanzi ahlanzekile, nendawo ezungezile enempilo. Amabhodi aqondisi-gazi omphakathi anganikeza izakhamuzi indima eqondile ekusebenziseni ubuchwepheshe obusha kanye nezimiso zokwaziswa ezibusayo. Izinhlelo zezemfundo zingasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi zonke izakhi zomphakathi zingangena futhi zizuze ezinkonzweni zamanzi ezihlakaniphile, hhayi nje lezo kakade eseziyizimboni zezobuchwepheshe.

Sebenzisa Imiphumela Esekelwe Kuyi - projekthi

Kunokuba banikeze ubuchwepheshe obuthile noma imisebenzi, abaqondisi kufanele babeke izisulu zokusebenza ngenxa yemiphumela eyinhloko enjengokuncitshiswa kwamanzi, ukuphumelela kwamandla, ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende, kanye nokusebenza ngokulinganayo. Imisebenzi edlula izisulu ingavuzwa ngesiqondiso sejubane noma ukuqashelwa umphakathi, kuyilapho leyo eyehluleka ukubhekana nesenzo sokulungisa. Izinhlelo eziqhathanisa ukusebenza kosizo ezisendaweni zingadala umncintiswano onempilo futhi zidlulise imikhuba emihle. Umbuso Wamanzi weNhlangano wamanzi wokulawula ukulahleka kwamanzi [ unikeza isibonelo esiwusizo sendlela izindinganiso zezemboni ezingasekela ngayo umthetho osekelwe ekwakheni.

Ukubhala Indlela Phambili

Ukuguqulwa kokuphathwa kwamanzi emadolobheni ahlakaniphile akusona isimo esikude sesikhathi esizayo; kuyenzeka manje, emadolobheni alinganayo emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa amandla agcwele ale mishini ayofezeka kuphela uma isimiso sihambisana nokusungulwa. Izinselele zingokoqobo — ulwazi oluyimfihlo, ukungaguquguquki, ukungaguquguquki, ukungalingani — kodwa azinakunqotshwa. Ngokuhlela okunengqondo, ukutshala izakhiwo zezentengo, kanye nokusekela komphakathi kwangempela, amanzi angaqinisa amandla emishini yobuchwepheshe yokwakha izinhlelo zakudala eziphumelela kakhulu, eziqinile, futhi ezilingana kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili.

Indlela engaphambili idinga ukubambisana phakathi kwezifundo nezingxenye. Ososayensi bezolwazi kumelwe basebenze kanye nabahleli basemadolobheni, izisebenzi zezenhlalakahle, nabahleli bomphakathi. Imishini yomphakathi kumelwe isebenzelane nabaxhasi bobuchwepheshe bomuntu siqu, abacwaningi bezemfundo, nezinhlangano zomphakathi. Ohulumeni bezwe kumelwe banikeze imali nezindinganiso, kuyilapho ohulumeni bendawo kumelwe bavumelane nezindawo zabo ezihlukile. Futhi enkabeni yayo yonke, izakhamuzi kumelwe zinikezwe amandla njengezisebenzi ezikhuthele ekunakekeleni imithombo yamanzi.

Amanzi abaluleke kakhulu kuyo yonke imithombo yasemadolobheni. Izinqumo esizenzayo namuhla mayelana nendlela yokuwaphatha — nokuthi ubani ozohlanganyela kulezo zinqumo — ziyololonga amadolobha akusasa. Ngokuhlanganisa ikusasa lapho isimiso samanzi sihlanganiswa khona, sihlanganiswe, futhi sivumelana, singakha izindawo zasedolobheni ezingagcini ngokusinda ezinkingeni zekhulu lama-21 kuphela kodwa eziphila naphezu kwazo.