Table of Contents

Imithetho yokubonisana yakha isisekelo sokubusa okunesibopho sokulandisa, inikeza izakhamuzi amathuluzi angokomthetho okuthola ukwaziswa ngendlela izinqumo ezenziwa ngayo futhi izimali zomphakathi zisetshenziswe. Lemithetho ayinikezi abantu amandla kuphela kodwa futhi isebenza njengesithiyo sokukhohlakala, ukuphatha kabi, nokusebenzisa kabi amandla. Ukuqonda indlela lemithetho esebenza ngayo − kanye nendlela yokuyisebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo kunoma ubani ofuna ukuhlanganyela ekuqondiseni izakhamuzi ezinenjongo. Enkathini yokwanda kobunkimbinkimbinkimbi bemithetho kahulumeni, ukujwayelana nemithetho yokubona bhabhabha, akuyona into ebaluleke kakhulu kunesidingo sokhetho olunolwazi.

Iyini Imithetho Yokubona Ngokubona?

Imithetho yokubona, eyaziwa kabanzi njengenkululeko yolwazi (FOI), imithetho e-odoc-precifinito-presence (RTI) imisebenzi, noma imithetho evulekile, iyizilungiselelo ezingokomthetho ezinika izakhamuzi ilungelo lokucela nokwamukela amarekhodi abekwe yimikhakha yomphakathi. Lemithetho iyahlukahluka ngokwezwe kodwa ihlanganyela isimiso esisodwa: ulwazi lukahulumeni lungabantu, futhi ukufihla imfihlo kufanele kube yi-ophandle, hhayi umthetho. Imithetho eminingi yokubona ngale mkhathi ifihla izinhlangano zezikhulu, izindikimba zomthetho, futhi ngezinye izikhathi idinga izinhlangano ezithile zomthetho womthetho womthetho womthetho, futhi ifuna ukuba zishicishe ngokuzenzakalelayo izigaba zokwaziswa ezithile ngaphandle kokulinda isicelo.

Nakuba incazelo ihluka, yonke imithetho ehlelwa kahle yokubona kahle isikisela ukuthulula izindlebe. Baphoqelela ohulumeni ukuba badalule ukwaziswa ngaphandle kokuba ukukhululeka okuthile kusebenze njengokungathi kuwezokuphepha kwesizwe, izinto zomuntu siqu, noma izimfihlo zokuhwebelana. Ezindabeni eziningi, umthwalo wobufakazi usekelwe engosini ukuze uthethelele ngokufihla incwadi. Lokhu kusuka “kufuna ukwazi” ukumelela ushintsho oluyisisekelo ebuhlotsheni phakathi kwezwe nezakhamuzi zalo.

Okwenza Imithetho Yokubona Icace Ibaluleke

Ukubaluleka kwemithetho yokubona idlulela ngalé kokuthola nje amaphepha, asebenza imisebenzi eminingi ehlangene esekela idemokrasi futhi ithuthukise ukuphatha komphakathi.

Ukulandisa Nokuphatha

Uma izikhulu zazi izinqumo zazo nokusetshenziswa kwazo kungasetshenziswa ngokungenangqondo, azinakwenzeka neze ukuba zenze okonakele noma okungafanele. Imithetho yokubona ngale ndlela ivumela izintatheli, amaqembu enja, nezakhamuzi ezivamile ukuba zinqamule iziphakamiso ezingokomthetho eziphikisana namarekhodi angokoqobo. Ngokwesibonelo, izintatheli eziphenyisi ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izicelo ze-FOI ukuze zivulule izivumelwano zokukhankasela izimali, ukuphulwa kwendawo ezungezile, noma zisebenzise kabi izimali zokusiza ngenhlekelele.

Ukuhlanganyela Komphakathi Okunolwazi

Isivumelwano somphakathi esiphumelelayo sidinga ukwaziswa. Izakhamuzi azikwazi ukuphawula ngoshintsho oluhlongozwayo lwezindawo, ukuhlaziya indlela yokusetshenziswa kwemali yebhodi yesikole, noma ukunquma indlela yokuvota ngaphandle kokuthola ukwaziswa okuyisisekelo. Imithetho yokubonisa isimo esiqondile inikeza ukwaziswa okungasetshenziswa kulezinqumo, okwenza abantu bakwazi ukusekela izimiso ezibonisa izidingo zabo.

Ukuwohloka Kokonakala

Ilanga elikhanya kakhulu kuthiwa libulala izinambuzane ezingcono kakhulu. Uma imisebenzi kahulumeni ivulekele umphakathi, amathuba okufumbathisa, ukufumbathisa nokungadli lutho ancipha kakhulu. Amazwe amaningi aye abona ukuncipha okungalawuleki kokufumbathisa ngemva kokuveza imibuso enamandla. Ukubheka izinto ngokuqhakazile kusiza futhi ekudaluleni izingxabano zesithakazelo phakathi kwezikhulu zomphakathi.

Ukwakha Ukwethenjwa Umphakathi

Ukuthembela kuhulumeni kuye kwehla ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba. Ukuzifihla kukodwa akukwazi ukuguqula lowomkhuba, kodwa kuyisimo esidingekile. Uma izakhamuzi zingaqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubo zilungile futhi izinqumo zisekelwe kubufakazi obucacile, zithambekele kakhulu ekuhlonipheni nasekuvumelaneni nemithetho.

Izici Zemithetho Ephumelelayo Yokubona

Nakuba ingekho imithetho emibili yokubonakala efanayo, ephumelela kakhulu ihlanganyela izici ezifanayo ezenza isetshenziswe futhi ibe namandla.

Indawo Ebanzi Yephepha

Imithetho eqinile isebenza ezindikimbeni zomphakathi eziningi — kuhlanganise nezinkonzo, izinhlangano eziqondisayo, amabhizinisi anezinkampani ezizimele ezifeza imisebenzi yomphakathi.

Izindlela Ezicacile Nezilula Zokucela

Izakhamuzi kufanele zikwazi ukuhambisa izicelo kalula, ngokuvamile ngama - computer, i-imeyili, noma incwadi elula. Imithetho eminingi idinga izinhlangano ezizonikeza usizo kubantu abacelayo ababhekene nezinkinga. Izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi noma izimfuneko eziningi zokusayina zingawuqeda umphakathi.

Imingcele Eqinile Yesikhathi

Ukungaphelelwa isikhathi kubucayi. Imithetho eminingi ephumelelayo idinga izinhlangano ukuba ziphendule phakathi nezinsuku ezingu - 15 kuya kwezingu - 30, ngokukhetha ukunwetshwa kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile. Ukulibala kungabangela ukwaziswa ukuba kungabi namsebenzi, ngokwesibonelo, uma intatheli idinga ukwaziswa ngaphambi kokhetho.

Imishini ekhipha imishini esebenzayo

Ngaphandle kokusabela ezicelweni, imithetho emihle ifuna ukuba izinhlangano zikhiphe njalo ukwaziswa okuyinhloko okunjengokuhlela imali, izivumelwano, imibiko yokuhlola izindleko, nemizuzu yemihlangano.

Ilinganiselwe, Izenzo Ezifanele

Kudingeka izingcindezi ukuze kuvikelwe izithakazelo ezingokomthetho ezinjengokulondeka kwesizwe kanye nelungelo lomuntu siqu, kodwa kufanele zibekwe phansi futhi zibekwe phansi kwesithakazelo somphakathi. Uma ukugodlela ukwaziswa kungasiza umphakathi kangcono kunokuba kukhululwe, ukukhululwa kufanele kususwe.

Ukugada Nokukhanga Ngokuzimele

Inqubo yokudlulisa imfihlo eqinile ibalulekile. Amazwe amaningi anomphathi wokwaziswa noma i-ombudsman okwazi ukubukeza izicelo nomthetho ozigunyazile. Ukutholakala kokwahlulela kuqinisekisa ngokwengeziwe ukuthi izinhlangano azifaki izingcingo zamatshe.

Umphandle Noma Ungekho

Ukukhokhela ukwaziswa kungaba yisithiyo. Nakuba izindleko zokulungisa zingadluliselwa ngezicelo ezinkulu kakhulu, imithetho eminingi ikhokhela izicelo ezifunwa umphakathi futhi ilinganisela izindleko zokukopisha ezingokoqobo. Izindleko eziphakeme zingavimbela ukutholakala kwezakhamuzi ezithola imali encane nezindleko ezincane ezingakhiphi.

Indlela Yokusebenzisa Imithetho Ebonisa Imibala Ngokuphumelelayo

Ukwazi amalungelo akho kumane kuyisiqalo. Ukuze uthole imiphumela, udinga icebo. Nazi izinyathelo eziyinhloko zokuthola ukwaziswa ngokuphumelelayo.

Chaza Isicelo Sakho Ngokucacile

Izicelo ze-Vague kulula ukuzenqaba. Qala ngokusho amarekhodi aqondile odingayo (imizuzu) ukusuka osukwini oluthile, iketango le-imeyili mayelana nesivumelwano, noma ukwaziswa esimisweni esithile. Bheka amacebiso ezihlokweni zezindaba, uhlelo lwezimali, noma imibiko engokomthetho engakhomba kumbhalo olungile.

Ukuqonda Umthetho Osebenzayo

Isimiso ngasinye sinemithetho yaso siqu. Hlola isithombe esithile (umz., inkululeko yoMthetho wolwazi wase-U.S., 's Ilungelo le-India’s Information Act[) ukufunda ngokukhulula, isikhathi esibanzi, nezinqubo zokudlulisa. Amawebhusayithi amaningi kahulumeni anikeza iziqondiso zabaceli.

Phonsa Isicelo Ngokufanelekile

Sebenzisa isiteshi esisemthethweni se-inthanethi (indlela yokuxhumana) ne-imeyili, noma uhlamvu lwe-octal. Hlanganisa igama lakho nokwaziswa okuthintanayo (amazwe athile afuna yona), kodwa akudingeki uchaze ukuthi kungani ufuna ukwaziswa. Yisho ngokucacile ukuthi ufunani futhi usho umthetho ofuna ukucela kuwo.

Hamba Futhi Ulandele

Gcina amakhophi azo zonke izincwadi. Qaphela usuku lokuzithoba nosuku olumisiwe lwempendulo. Uma uzwa lutho ngalolo suku, thumela ijubane elihloniphekile. Izinga lokuphuza eziningi libangelwa ukuvaleka kwezempango esikhundleni sokuvimbela ngenhloso.

Ukuwaphika Noma Ukuwayeka Ngokweqile

Uma isicelo sakho senqatshelwa noma sivuselelwa kakhulu, hlola ukuthi i-authority ikhomba ukuthi ukukhululeka okusemthethweni yini. Uma ukholelwa ukuthi ukukhulula akusebenzi, faka isikhalo sokuqondisa engosini noma endikimbeni yengamele. Ungadangali. /Izingqina eziningi ziyahlehliswa ngokudluliswa.

Izinselele Ezivamile Nezixazululo Ezingokoqobo

Nakuba zikhona izinqubo ezingokomthetho eziqinile, abantu abacelayo bavame ukubhekana nezithiyo.

Ukuyinkimbinkimbi Kwemibuso Yasebuthweni Lase - Australia

Ukucela ukwaziswa kungazwakala njengokuhamba nge-'train'. Ezinye izinhlangano azinalo iphuzu elicacile lokuthintana noma imfuno edingwayo ebekwe ngolimi olungokomthetho oluqondile. Ukuphendula: Sebenzisa izinhlamvu zesicelo sesimo ezikhona ezivela emaqenjini e-adocara. Vimba isikhulu se-FOI ngaphambi kokuba unikeze izimfuneko ezicaciwe.

Ukuphika Ngokwedlulele Kwamazwe Ahlukahlukene

Ngezinye izikhathi izifekethiso zicela ukukhulula abantu ekude kakhulu, zigodle amabhukwana lapho imigqa embalwa kuphela idinga ukuvuleka. ISIHLOBO: Isicelo sokuhlola ukuhlukanisa, inkampani kumelwe ikhulule izingxenye ezingakhucululwanga. Izimiso ezidinga ukwambulwa ngokwengxenye.

Ukulibala Okweqile

Ukusabela okusheshayo kungaphazamisa uphenyo olunonya. Isicelo sakho sisheshe sitholakale. Emazweni lapho inqubo edluliselwe i - explored ikhona khona ukuze kuqinisekiswe umphakathi, cela lesosimo. Uma ukulibala kungacabangeli, faka isikhalo kumphathi-lwazi.

Ukungaqapheli

Izakhamuzi eziningi azikwazi ukuthi imithetho yemisebe ye-oda ikhona noma isebenza kanjani. Imfundo yomphakathi. Imitapo yezincwadi yendawo, amaqembu omphakathi, nama-GUPU ku-international zingafundisa abantu amalungelo abo. Amanye amazwe avule “ilungelo lokwaziswa” asiza amadesiki ezindawo zasemaphandleni.

Imithombo Yamandla Enganele Ezimisweni

Izinhlangano ezincane zingase zingabi nezisebenzi ezinikezelwe ze-FOI, ezihola ama-partment. Ukulungisa:[ ummeli wokusekela kangcono izilinganiso zokubona. Ukusekela iziphakamiso zomthetho ezihlela ukuphathwa kwemininingwane ngokukhethekile.

Ukuhlola Izifo Embulungeni Yonke Ngokubona Okuphumelelayo

Izibonelo zezwe zangempela zibonisa indlela imithetho yokubona ebona eye yenza ngayo umehluko ophawulekayo.

Inkululeko Yokwaziswa YaseUnited States (FOIA)

Kuqanjwe ngo-1966, i-FOIA iye yasetshenziselwa ukudalula yonke into kusukela ehlazweni leWatergate kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwama-frones angaqondiswe muntu. Izintatheli ziphakathi kwabasebenzisi bamaFOIA abakhulu kakhulu, kodwa izakhamuzi ezivamile ziye zayisebenzisa futhi ukufunda ngokuhlola umthofu wesikole, izimo zasejele, nokuhlola ukudla. Funda okwengeziwe [ku- FOIA.

Ilungelo Lika - India Lokuthola Ukwaziswa

Idlula ngo-2005, umthetho we-RTI waseNdiya uye wabizwa ngokuthi ithuluzi elinamandla kakhulu lokubona ukukhanya emhlabeni. Uye wavumbulula amabhulopo ezenhlalakahle okukhohlisa, waphoqelela ukucocwa kwemiholo kahulumeni, futhi wabeka izikhulu zendawo ukuba zilandise ngemisebenzi yokuthuthukisa engaphucuzeki. Izakhamuzi zingacela ukwaziswa ngokukhokha imali encane, futhi umthetho uhlanganisa izijeziso zezikhulu ezibambezelayo noma ezinqabayo ukuphendula. I-chweba lingu-rv.

Ubudlelwane Obuvulekile Bukahulumeni (OGP)

Iqaliswe ngo-20, i-OGP iyisinyathelo esithatha isinyathelo esibanzi esikhuthaza ohulumeni ukuba benze izibopho eziqinile ukuze babonakale, bahlanganyele, futhi balandise ngecala. Amazwe angamalungu athuthukisa amasu esizwe futhi abambelele ezindinganisweni zomhlaba wonke. Kusukela ngo-2025, amazwe angu-77, nangu-10 ohulumeni bendawo baye bahlanganyela. Okukhulu ku- u-Open Government Partership [[].

UMthetho Kahulumeni Wokwaziswa Womphakathi WaseMexico

I-Mexico inenye yemithetho eqinile e-alphanum eLatin America, enenhlangano enikezelwe yokubona ngaphandle (INAI) elawula ukuthobela. Umthetho udinga wonke amagatsha ohulumeni namaqumrhu azimele ukuba adalule ukwaziswa okuningiliziwe kuyi-ingosi ye-website, futhi izakhamuzi zingafaka izicelo ngemishini. Izinqumo zika-AI ziye zaphoqelela ukudedela izivumelwano zezesisekelo sesisekelo somhlaba kanye nophethilo.

Indima Yobuchwepheshe Ekuqhubeni Ithuba Lokubona Okusobala

Amathuluzi emishini aguqula indlela imithetho yokubona ngale esebenza ngayo. Izicelo ze-operals, ama-template-data avulekile namafomethi omshini afundeka ka-66 enza ukufinyelela ku-ikhawu futhi kutholakale kakhulu.

Vula Imininingwane

Ohulumeni abaningi manje banyathelisa ama-data ngokusetshenziswa, imvume, izivumelwano, kanye nokwenza ama-millimeter eNdiya avumela abasebenzisi ukuba bathumele ukwaziswa kuyi-CVS, JSON, noma i-APIformat.

Ucwecwe Olune - protective Slaving

Imishini inganyathelisa amabhukwana emihlangano, imizuzu yebhodi nemibiko yezimali kumawebhusayithi ayo. Umkhuba ongcono kakhulu uwukulungisa njalo la makhasi futhi uwagcine ewashiwe. Izakhamuzi zingathola ukwaziswa ngaphandle kokubhala phansi isicelo.

Ukushintsha Ngokuzenzekelayo

Ukuhlakanipha kokwenziwa kuyasetshenziswa ekuhloleni amabhukwana ezinto ezilahliwe ngaphambi kokukhululwa, ukuncishiswa kwejubane. Nokho, lezi zimiso kumele zihlolwe ngokucophelela ukuze kugwenywe ukuthatha okukhulu. Abasekeli ababonakalisi babiza kakhulu amathuluzi okuvula e-PAICOsource angasetshenziswa umphakathi.

Ukuvimbela Amarekhodi Angenakuminyaniswa

Ezinye izinyathelo zihlola ubuchwepheshe bezivikelo zokwakha amapulangwe okuvimbela ukuhweba kukahulumeni, njengezihloko zezindawo noma ukukhokha amaketanga. Nakuba kusekhona ukuhlola, ubuchwepheshe obunjalo bungenza kube nzima ngezikhulu ukushintsha amarekhodi ngaphandle kokuwathola.

Ukusekela Imithetho Eqinile Yokubonisana

Izakhamuzi nezinhlangano zomphakathi zinendima ebalulekile ekufuneni isivikelo esiqinile nokusetshenziswa okungcono.

Zifundise Wena Nabanye

Ulwazi lunamandla. Funda inkululeko yolwazi yezwe lakini yenza umsebenzi futhi uhlanganyele lolo lwazi ngamashabhu, imithombo yezokuxhumana, namaqembu omphakathi. Izinhlangano ezinjenge statency International[ inikeza imithombo namathuluzi ama-ackit ama-ivests.

Imithetho Nezikhulu Ezihlangene

Zihlanganise nabameleli bakho abakhethiwe ukuze baxoxe ngezikhala ezisemthethweni. Sekela izikweletu eziqinisa izimfuneko zokudalulwa, zinikeze imali emahhovisi e-FOI, futhi unciphise ukukhulula.

Hlanganyela Noma Ukusekela Amaqembu Eqembu Elisekelayo

Amazwe amaningi anikezele imifelandawonye yokubonana ("] Stunight Foundation e-United States] leyondawo engenisa uhulumeni ovulekile futhi efuna ukuphoqelelwa komthetho. Ukunikela noma ukuzinikela kulamaqembu kukhulisa ithonya lakho.

Sebenzisa Izinkantolo Lapho Kudingeka

Uma izicelo zezezimali zehluleka, ukudluliswa kwecala kungamisa izenzakalo ezibalulekile. Amacala asemthethweni ahlelekile amacala ezakhamuzi aye andisa izinga lemithetho yokubona ngalé kwezindawo eziningi.

Ukungahlakaniphi Kwezokuxhumana Nezindaba

Ukucindezela komphakathi kungaphoqelela ushintsho. Xoxa ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwakho okulungile nokubi kanye nemithetho yokubona. Izintatheli zivame ukuthatha izindaba ngezinhlangano ezihlobisa ngamatshe, ezingazihlazisa zishintshe. Imikhankaso esebenzisa amahashtag njenge # GightToargent iye yahlasela izinkulungwane zezakhamuzi.

Ikusasa Lokubona Okugqamile

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bushintsha futhi ohulumeni beba yi-data eningi, imithetho yokubona idinga ukujwayela. Izimpawu eziyinhloko zihlanganisa ukuphoqelelwa kokulandisa nge-algorithism (ilungelo lokuhlola i-software kahulumeni esetshenziswayo), ukunwetshwa kwe-FOI ezindaweni ezizimele ezenza imisebenzi yomphakathi, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kokuhlakanipha kokwenziwa ezinqumweni zikahulumeni. Izakhamuzi kumelwe zihlale zibophezelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lemiklamo isebenza ngokuthulula kunokuba zenze izinhlobo ezintsha zokufiphala.

Isiphetho

Imithetho yokubona kahle akuyona imithetho efuna uqobo, incike ekwazini ukusebenza. Ngokuqonda izimiso zomthetho ezikhona, ukwazi inqubo yesicelo, nokukhuthaza intuthuko eqhubekayo, abantu bansuku zonke bangabeka ohulumeni babo icala. Ilungelo lokwazi ilungelo eliyisisekelo lentando yeningi elidinga ukuqeqeshwa njalo ukuze uhlale uqinile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumcosheli wezindaba, umfundi, umhleli womphakathi, noma umzali okhathalelayo, ukunikeza isihlalo etafuleni. Basebenzise, bavikele, futhi basize ukuba bakhe umphakathi ovulekile ngokwengeziwe kubo bonke abantu.