I-Frameal System: I-Raje Sabha's Mandaday ezindaba zangaphandle

IPhalamende laseNdiya le-bidamaral linendima ehlukile kodwa evumelanayo ezindlini zalo ezimbili. Nakuba i-Lok Sabha imelela intando esheshayo yabantu, iRajiya Sabhaha ihlanganisa isimiso sikahulumeni, inikeza izikhulu zaseNdiya nezindawo ezihlangeneyo. Lo mbuso ubaluleke kakhulu emithethweni yakwamanye amazwe, lapho izivumelwano zomhlaba zithinta khona izithakazelo zezwe ezisezingeni eliphezulu — ama-pactct athonya izimboni zendawo, isimo sezulu sivumela izinhlelo zikahulumeni zendawo ezungezile, nezivumelwano zokuvikela kungase kuhlanganise amaphoyisa kahulumeni. U-Rajiya Sabha uhlela izinqumo zezifunda ziqinisekisa ukuthi imibono yezindawo ihlangene nezimiso zesizwe zakwamanye amazwe, kuvimbela khona ukuthatha okuyinhloko okungase kungashalahlwe intentente ezibandayo.

Ngaphansi kweSiphakamiso 245 soMthetho-sisekelo, iPhalamende linamandla okwenza imithetho yaso sonke noma yanoma iyiphi ingxenye yeNdiya, futhi lokhu kuhlanganisa nokufeza indima yezivumelwano nemihlangano yezizwe. I-Rajiya Sabra's kule nqubo inikwe umthetho ngokomthetho, hhayi nje ngokwesiko. Uma i-Indiya igunyaza isivumelwano seParis ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu noma i-International Solar Alliance planeal planel, zombili izindlu zaphikisana futhi zavuma umthetho owenzisa. UMkhandlu wamazwe (igama elisemthethweni likaRajahahaha) unikeza imvume ehlala njalo — ngokungafani neLok Sabha, ebhekene nenkumbulo njalo eminyakeni emihlanu — iqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwenhlangano nokuqhubeka kwemithetho yakwamanye amazwe.

Ukulawula Imithetho Nesivumelwano Ukuvunyelwa: Ngaphandle kwenjoloba

I-Raje Sabra's ukuhlolwa kwezivumelwano nezivumelwano zamazwe akunawo neze amasiko. Ngaphambi kokuba igatsha eliphethe i-rajya linikeze isivumelwano ngasinye phambi kwazo zombili izindlu, futhi indlu ephezulu isebenzisa igunya layo ngezindlela eziningi. Okokuqala, izivumelwano ezifuna ukumiswa kwemithetho kumelwe zidlule kuzo zombili izindlu, zinike iRajiya Sabbaha amandla alinganayo ukuze kulungiswe noma kunqatshwe. Okwesibili, ngisho nezivumelwano eziphethe ezingadingi umthetho ongokomthetho zibekwa endlini ngokwesiko ukuze kutholakale ulwazi nengxoxo, zivumele amalungu ukuba avuse imibuzo nezinkathazo.

Lo msebenzi wobubonisi waboniswa ngokuphawulekayo phakathi nengxoxo ye-India-US Civil Nuclear Agreement (2005-2008). IKomiti kaRaje Sabha e-Axternal Affairs yalalela kakhulu, yezwa ososayensi benuzi, ababengamanxusa, nababenolwazi bezindaba ezingokomthetho. Umbiko wekomiti, waqopha imibuzo ebalulekile mayelana nokuvikelwa, isibopho, kanye nethonya lesivumelwano e-Indiya. Nakuba ekugcineni uhulumeni waqhubeka nendaba, iphalamende yaphoqa ububanzi obukhulu bemishiwe ukucaca okukhulu futhi yalungisa izigwebo zokugcina, kuhlanganise nesivumelwano se-Indiya se-Atomicle Evice Agency.

Ngokufanayo, lapho i-Indiya isayina i-Trade Facilitiation Agreement ngaphansi kwe-World Trade Organization ngo-2014, amalungu ezwe elilimayo uRaje Sabha aqala ukukhathazeka ngemiphumela yokuphepha kokudla. Ukungenela kwawo kwaholela kuhulumeni ekulondolozeni ezinye izikhungo zomphakathi waseMelika zokugodlela umphakathi ngaphambi kokuqinisekisa isivumelwano. Lokhu kubonisa indlela inzuzo yezezomnotho yesifunda ewumphumela wezwe langaphandle.

Impikiswano Nenkululeko: Inkulumo Yemithetho Yangaphandle

I-Raje Sabra inikeza enye yezindawo zobuteshi ezibaluleke kakhulu zaseNdiya zokuxoxa ngenqubo yakwamanye amazwe ngokujule kakhulu. Ngokungafani neLok Sabha, lapho ukucindezela kwesikhathi kuvame ukulinganisela khona isikhathi sokuphikisana, indlu ephezulu ivumele izingxoxo ezithé xaxa. Inqubo yeRapya Sabhaha ivumela izingxoxo zehora eliyingxenye yehora ezindabeni ezibaluleke kakhulu emphakathini, futhi amalungu asebenzisa njalo lokhu ukuphakamisa izindaba zenqubo yakwamanye amazwe ezingase zingathola ukunakekela okunganele ephalameni.

Lezi mpikiswano zifeza imisebenzi eminingi. Zitshela umphakathi nemithombo yezindaba ngezindaba eziyinkimbinkimbi zomhlaba wonke, zakha ukulandisa ngentando yeningi. Umanduleli wezindaba ze-External Affairs Sushma Swarajaj wavela kaningi eRajeya Sabra ukuze aphendule imibuzo nalokhu kugxeka, esebenzisa ihora lendlu lemibuzo nehora lika-0 ukuze acacise izikhundla zikahulumeni. Izimpikiswano futhi zinikeza izimemezelo zezenkambiso zezelo zezeli laseNdiya ezibukelini zomhlaba wonke — lapho iRajiya Sabhaphi ngokuvumelanayo yadlulisela isinqumo esilahla ubuphekula ububanzi obusobo ngemva kokuhlasela kuka-2016 Patankiot, zathumela umyalezo onamandla wobunye bezombangazwe emphakathini wezizwe zonke.

Izikhathi ezibucayi zesimiso sakwamanye amazwe ziye zabangela izimpikiswano ezikhumbulekayo uRaje Sabba. IMpi yeNkululo yaseBangladesh ka-1971 yaba nezingxoxo ezengeziwe lapho amalungu amaqembu ahlukene azwakalisa khona ukusekela ukungenela kwe-Indiya ngesikhathi ephikisana ngezilinganiso zayo zokusiza nomthetho we-qual. Muva nje, i-2020 Galwan Valley ilwa noChina yabangela ukuphikisana okuningiliziwe lapho uNgqongqoshe Wezindaba Zangaphandle wafingqa indlu ezigebeni zomngcele, futhi amalungu awo wonke amaqembu aveza ukusekela izikhali kuyilapho ebuza amasuntswana kahulumeni okuphathwa komngcele. Lezimpikiswano ziqinisekisa ukuthi izinqumo zemithetho yakwamanye amazwe, ngisho nalawo afuna ukugcinwa kwemithetho esebenzayo, athola ukuphethwa kwentando yentando yeningi phakathi kwemingcele efanelekile.

AmaKomiti Akhethekile: Umshini Wokucwaninga Onemininingwane

Isimiso sekomiti kaRaje Sabra sinikeza isisekelo sokuhlola okuqinile kwezimiso zakwamanye amazwe. IKomiti yePhalamende yezindaba zangaphandle, ehlanganisa amalungu azo zombili izindlu, izifebe ezinemininingwane engenzeka phakathi nezifundo ezivamile ezisesitezi. Ikomiti ingabiza ofakazi, izicelo ezibhaliwe, ihambele kwelinye izwe ukuze ithole amaqiniso, futhi iveze imibiko eningiliziwe ngokutusa ukuthi, nakuba ingabophi, ithwele isisindo esiqinile sezombangazwe.

Ukusebenza kwekomiti kubonisa indlela ukuhlola indlu ephezulu okuqinisa ngayo imiphumela yenqubo. Ngokwesibonelo, umbiko wayo ka-2018 nge-"India’s Foreign Policy: Izinselele namathuba" wahlola ubuhlobo nomakhelwane, imibuso emikhulu, nezinhlangano ezihlukene. Ikomiti yatusa ukuqinisa i-Indiya Council for Cultural Relations ukuze yandise amandla athambile okuphuma, ukwandisa uhlelo lwezimali lwemikhankaso yokuthuthukisa intuthuko yemikhakha, nokusungula indlela ehlelekile yokulandela imvume nemisebenzi emisha. Eziningi zalezi zituso zalezi zinqumiso zathola indlela yazo ezinyathelo ezilandelayo, kuhlanganise nomthamo owengeziwe wemali wenkonzo yezindaba zezindaba ze-Oxternatery Affse ngo-201920.

Amanye amakomiti e-Raje Sabra athintana nezindaba zakwamanye amazwe. IKomiti yezezimali ihlola ukuboleka imali kwangaphandle nezimiso zokutshala imali kwamanye amazwe. IKomiti yezindaba ze Home ihlola imvume yokungena komzi wohwebo nezincwadi zemvume, ezithinta ngokuqondile izivumelwano zezohwebo zezentengiselwano. Lapho i-Commercehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement ne-South Korea iphikisana ngo-2009, i-Palamentery Committen on Commercial ibukeza ithonya layo elingase libe nalo ekwakheni kwezenziwa amaNdiya futhi itusa izivumelwano zezohwebo, ezazingamele izinhlangano ezithile.

I-Raje Sabra's Department - Reparlia Stastid Committee yePalamente eyamiswa ngo-1993, iye yajulisa lokhu kuhlola. IKomiti yezindaba zangaphandle manje ihlola njalo isidingo soMnyango Wemisebenzi Yezezimali, ihlola kokubili izinkambiso nezindleko. Lokhu kuqondisa kwezezimali kuqinisekisa ukuthi izifiso zemithetho yangaphandle zihambisana nezindawo ezingokoqobo ezinikezwayo — ukuhlola okukhulu okunikezwayo ukuthi uhlelo lwezohwebo lwezenhlalo lwaseNdiya ngokomlando luye lunesizo oluncane uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amandla amakhulu.

Ithonya Ekwelapheni Kwesimiso: Kusuka Engxoxweni Kuya Ethonyani Eliqondile

Ithonya likaRaje Sabra lenkambiso yezomthetho yakwamanye amazwe lidlulela ngezindlela eziningi. Okokuqala, amalungu ngamanye anolwazi lwezindaba zezobuzwe noma zezizwe zonke — amanxusa akuqala, abameli bezizwe zonke, izifundiswa, nezintatheli — aletha ulwazi olukhethekile ezimpikiswaneni. Ngomlando indlu iye yahlanganisa amalungu anjengomphathi M.C. Chagla (owaba uMphathi wezezimali wamazwe ngamazwe), ummeli wesizwe uSoli Sorabjee, kanye nomlobeli wezindaba uKuip Nayar, ongenelele ezingxoxweni ezicebile.

Okwesibili, indlu isebenzisa izinqumo nokuthungatha izinqumo ukuze iphoqelele ukusabela kukahulumeni. Nakuba umthetho wangaphandle ukhishwe ekuthatheni izinqumo (ngokuvamile ezikhathaza umthetho wasekhaya nohlelo), indlu ingadlulisa izinqumo eziveza umbono wayo ezindabeni zezizwe ngezizwe. Lapho iNdiya ihlola inuzi ngo-1998, iRajiya Sabhaha yadlulisela isinqumo esisekela isinqumo sikahulumeni ngesikhathi icela ukuqhubekeka kwengxoxo ekuncishisweni kwezikhali zenuzi. Isinqumo esinjalo, nakuba singabopheki, izimpawu zemizwa yephalamende futhi sicindezela igumbi lesikhulu ukuba sisebenzise i-Pugallery.

Okwesithathu, iRajiya Sabba ithonya isimiso ngamandla ayo okuvumela izibopho zezizwe zonke ngaphansi kweSiphakamiso 253. Lapho i-Indiya iba nengxenye eMhlanganweni we-UN ngokumelene nokonakala, ukusebenzisa umthetho kwadingeka ukuba kudlule zombili izindlu. IKomiti yeRajiya Sabba's eMkhandini wezisebenzi, i-Public Grievances, noMthetho noMahlulelo yahlola ukuvikelwa kokonakala (Amendment) uBill, itusa izinguquko ezandisa incazelo yokonakala futhi zaqinisa izivikelo zokuvuselelwa kwempempe. Le miba yalungisa ngokuqondile isisekelo somthetho saseNdiya esenziwe i-Indiya ukuze kufeze izibopho zayo zomhlaba wonke.

Okwesine, indlu isebenzisa ithonya elingaqondile ngehora lombuzo, lapho amalungu ebuza khona ngezindaba zenqubo zakwamanye amazwe. Umbuzo ophenyisiwe ungadalula izikhala ezimisiwe, uphoqelele uhulumeni ukuba avule ukwaziswa, noma athathe isinyathelo esisheshayo. Ngo-2022, imibuzo ephindaphindwayo ngokulibala kwabafundi bamaNdiya abasuka e-Indiya abavela empini nase-Ukraine yaholela ekuxosheni kukahulumeni okuhlola inqubo ye-Ganga, eqokomisa indlela ukuhlola iphalamende okungathinta ngayo ngokuqondile ukuphatha kwezinkinga zezentengiselwano.

Indima yeRaje Sabra ku-International Diplomacy: Ukuqapha Umthetho no-Bpartisantship

Ukuthembisana kwezwe lonke laseNdiya kuzuza umthetho ophawulekayo ngokusekela iphalamende elikhulu, kanye nokuvumelana kwezimpawu ze-Raje Sabha Sabha's bipartisan. Uma uNdunankulu ekhuluma nge-asseums yomhlaba wonke, angasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi isimiso sobuzwe langaphandle laseNdiya siveza ukuvumelana kwesizwe, hhayi nje ukukhetha kwezikhulu. IRajya Sabba, engakwazi ukuhlukanisa futhi amalungu ayo asebenza ngokushwampuluza izinkulumo ezithatha iminyaka eyisithupha, sinikeza ukuqhubekela phambili kulokhu kuvumelana kwe-bipartisan njengoba nje ushintsho lwe-Lok Sabha lwazi.

Indlu futhi ihlanganyela ngokuqondile ekuthuthweni kwezinhlangano zezezesivumelwano. Amalungu kaRaje Sabha akhonza emanxusani ephalamende laseNdiya ukuba ahlanganise izinhlangano ze-inter-Parlialiary Union (IPU) neCommonwealth Palamenteary Association (CPA). La manxusa aqhuba izigijimi zephalamende, ahlanganyela nozakwabo abavela kwamanye amazwe. Lapho iNdiya iphethe i-IPU Assembly ngo-2021, uRajiya Sabrana Campaliam Vankaiah Naidah, ahola i-irsemssion, ebonisa ukusekela kwe-palmende yomhlaba wonke.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amalungu e-Raje Sabra avame ukuvakashela amazwe angaphandle njengengxenye yezingxoxo ezingokomthetho zephalamende, aqinisa ubuhlobo be-binadal. I-Indiya-USA Paramente Forum kanye nezindikimba ezifanayo neJapane, i-Australia, kanye nezizwe zaseYurophu zihlanganisa iRajiya Sabhaha abameleli abahlanganisa iziqephu ezisindayo kushintsho kuhulumeni. Lokhu kuxhumana komuntu siqu kubangela ukukhulumisana phakathi nezinkinga zezingxoxo zezombusazwe — lapho izingxabano zanda nePakistan ngo-2019, ukuxhumana okungalawuleki ngezimiso zephalamende kwasiza ekunciphiseni isimo.

Isivumelwano ngokwaso sinezici zesivumelwano. Uma i-Raje Sabra Sabha isenza isivumelwano somhlaba wonke, ithuluzi lokuhlunga lithwala isilinganiso sokuvunyelwa yiphalamende, lenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuba ohulumeni besikhathi esizayo balahle. Lokhu kunezela ukuthembeka kwezibopho zezizwe zonke zaseNdiya. Ukukhokhwa kweNgqungquthela yeUN yoMthetho woLwandle (UNCLOS) ngo-1995, ilandela ukuvunyelwa yizo zombili izindlu, kwaqinisa isikhundla sobuNdiya ekukhulumeni komngcele wolwandle nomakhelwane.

Ukulinganiselwa Nezinselele: Imithetho Yendlu Ephakeme Esetshenziswa Kwamanye Amazwe

Naphezu kwendima yayo enkulu, iRaje Sabha ibhekene nezithiyo eziningana ekulolongeni isimiso sakwamanye amazwe. Okokuqala, inkambiso yangaphandle ngokuyinhloko iwumsebenzi ophethe ngaphansi koMthetho-sisekelo. UMongameli, osebenza ngosizo nangeseluleko soMkhandlu Wezikhonzi, uqhuba ubuhlobo bangaphandle. Nakuba iPhalamende lingangabaza futhi liphikise, alikwazi ukuqondisa umphathi ezithandweni eziqondile zezokuxhumana. Uhulumeni uyakwazi ukugcina amandla okuxoxa, ukuqaphela ohulumeni bangaphandle, nokuqhuba izigingqino ngaphandle kwemvume yephalamende.

Okwesibili, i-Raje Sabba ayinagunya ekuhlolweni kwezivumelwano ezingadingeki mthetho. Izivumelwano eziningi zezikhulu — njenge-Status of Forces Acces (SOFA) noma i-Metranda of Understanding (Mous) — zisetshenziswa ngaphandle kwemvume engokomthetho yephalamende. Nakuba uhulumeni uthola ukuthi lezi zitebhu ePhalamende zikhona, amalungu awakwazi ukuziqeda, kuphela ukuxoxa nokuphikisana. Lokhu kulinganisela ikhono lendlu lokubumba izivumelwano ezinjalo ngaphambi kokuba zihlangane.

Okwesithathu, ukucatshangelwa kwezokuphepha kwesizwe ngokuvamile kulinganisela impikiswano yasepalamende. Ingxoxo ehlotshisiwe ephathelene nemisebenzi yokuhlakanipha, inqubo yezempi, noma izingxoxo ezibucayi ayinakuhlangatshezwa ngokugcwele kumalungu. IKomiti kaRajiya Sabra ngezinye izikhathi ithola imfihlo eyimfihlo, kodwa amalungu ngamanye angase angakwazi ukuthola ukwaziswa okudingekayo ukuze agxekwe ngolwazi. Ingxoxo yama-2019 ye-Balakitracket yabonisa lokhu kucindezeleka — nakuba uhulumeni wafingqa indlu, imininingwane esebenzayo yavinjwa, futhi amalungu aphikisayo kwadingeka ukuba athole impikiswano esekelwe elwazini lomphakathi.

Okwesine, ukujezisa kweqembu kanye nemifelandawonye kungalulaza ukukhululeka kukaRaje Sabra. Iqembu elibusayo noma umfelandawonye ngokuvamile lijabulela iningi noma ukuphathana okuseduze endlini ephezulu, futhi iziswebhu zingavimbela amalungu ohulumeni ekuvoteleni izikhundla eziyinhloko. UMthetho olwa noDefefe usebenza kumalungu eRajya Sabbaha, uwenqabela ukuba avote iziyalezo zeqembu ezindabeni eziningi. Lokhu kuvimbela ikhono lendlu lokusebenzisa isahlulelo esizimele ezindabeni zakwamanye amazwe.

Okwesihlanu, ukuphumelela kweRaje Sabba kuxhomeke ekuthembiseni amalungu, okuye kwahluka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Amanye amalungu antula ubuchwepheshe ezindabeni zomhlaba wonke, kanti amanye angase akhathazeke kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba. Izinga lengxoxo liyashintsha, futhi ezinye izingxenye zibona inani eliphansi labakhona phakathi nezingxoxo zezimiso zakwamanye amazwe. Izinguquko ukuze kuqinisekiswe isimiso sekomiti futhi kunikezwe ukusekela okungcono kokucwaninga kuye kwasikiselwa kodwa akwenziwa ngokugcwele.

Iziphakamiso Zenguquko: Ukuqinisa indima kaRaje Sabha wangaphandle

Izinguquko eziningana zingathuthukisa igalelo likaRaje Sabha kumthetho wakwamanye amazwe. Okokuqala, ukuqinisa iKomiti yezindaba zangaphandle nezisebenzi zokucwaninga ezizinikele nemithombo yokuhlela imali kungathuthukisa izinga lokuhlola. Ikomiti ingalandela isibonelo seKomiti yeSishaya-mthetho Samazwe Angaphandle, egcina izisebenzi ezingochwepheshe nezokuphatha okunemininingwane ekwamukelwe izivumelwano ezinkulu. Ikomiti yaseNdiya iphelelwa imithombo elinganayo, ilinganisela amandla ayo okulawula.

Okwesibili, ukuqulwa kwezivumelwano ezinkulu okuphoqelelwe ukuba kuqaliswe izivumelwano ezinkulu kungagunyaza i-Rajeya Sabba ukuba iphinde ihlolwe. Okwamanje, uhulumeni uyakwazi ukunquma ukuthi iPhalamende lizohlanganisa nini futhi kanjani izivumelwano. Imfuneko yomthetho kahulumeni ukuba anikeze zonke izivumelwano ezinkulu eKomitini yezindaba zangaphandle okungenani ezinsukwini ezingu-60 ngaphambi kokuba ukuhlolwa kuvumele ukuhlolisiswa okunenjongo. Lokhu kungavumela iNdiya ukuba ihlolwe ngemikhuba emazweni anjengeUnited Kingdom, lapho i-Constitutional Reformation ne-Prevenmental Act 2010 isungula khona inqubo yokuhlola isivumelwano.

Okwesithathu, ukuhileleka okukhulu kwamalungu kaRaje Sabba emanxusani ahlangene nabemibuthano yomhlaba wonke kwakuyosiza ubuchwepheshe bawo futhi kwakhe ukuhlanganisa izikhulu ze-palmeters. INkonzo yezindaba zangaphandle ingahlanganisa njalo namalungu angokomthetho abameleli abaya emihlanganweni ye-UN, emihlanganweni yesimo sezulu, nezingqungquthela zezindawo ezizungezile. Lokhu kunganikeza amalungu amasu olwazi olukhululekile lokuxoxa ngezizwe zonke futhi kuqinise ubuhlobo bephalamende bobunyeni ezimisweni zakwamanye amazwe.

Okwesine, ukumiswa kwe-Rod Foreign Policy Advisory Committee ehlanganisa iRajeya Sabha, ababeyizisebenzi zobumeli, izifundiswa, nochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe kunganikeza ukufakwa okuhleliwe ekuhlelweni kwezimiso. Nakuba ukubuza ngokwethukela kuyenzeka, inqubo ehleliwe ingaqinisekisa ingxoxo eqhubekayo, ehleliwe phakathi kwesikhulu nendlu ekhuluma ngemithetho engaphandle, izinselele, nezindlela zesikhathi eside.

Ukuhlolwa Kwendaba: IRaje Sabha Nomngane Ohlelekile WaseNdiya

I-Indiya-US inikeza ukuhlolwa okufundisayo kwendima kaRaje Sabha yokuguqula indlela yokulawula yezizwe. Lapho ubuhlobo buqala ukujula ekuqaleni konyaka ka-2000, iKomiti yeRajiya Sabha's on External Affairs yaqhuba ukuqulwa okukhulu kwezindaba eziphathelene nokusondelana. Umbiko ka 2003 wekomiti nge "Indiya-US Unival Relations: Ukuthatha I-Dacement" kwahlola ukubambisana kokuzivikela, izindaba zenuzi, nezivumelwano zezomnotho, wanikeza umbono obanzi wephalamende ezihambisana nezingxoxo ezilandelayo.

Phakathi nengxoxo yesivumelwano senyukliya ka-2005-2008, i-Raje Sabha yaba yindawo eyinhloko yokuphikisa nokuhlola. IKomiti yezindaba zangaphandle, eyayiphethwe yisikhulu sikamantshi onguK. Nathar Singh (owaba yiNkulumbuso wezindaba Zangaphandle), yahlola isivumelwano ngokuningiliziwe. Umbiko wekomiti waphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngamalungiselelo eHyde Act's, igalelo lokuhlola iNdiya, kanye neziphakamiso zokufaka isibopho sabathengisi. Nakuba uhulumeni wacindezela phambili, ukuhlola kokugcina kwephalamende kwaqinisekisa ukuthi isivumelwano sahlanganisa izivumelwano eziqinile zokunikezwa kukaphethilo nezokulungisa i-Indiya'spetrocty sachitha uphethilo.

Kamuva, iRajiya Sabba yalandelela ukumiswa kwesivumelwano senuzi. Imibuzo nge-Nanuclear Liability Act, ukulibala ekumiseni amapaki enuzi nezinkampani ze-US, kanye nethonya ekwakheni izikhali zenuzi zaseNdiya kwagcina impikiswano ingaphansi kwesibopho sokuziphendulela kwentando yeningi. Lendlu futhi yaphikisana ngeSivumelwano seNgqungquthela YezeNyukliyalizimu ne-SSEACUIT (COMCASA), kanye nezinye izivumelwano zesisekelo ezajulisa izibopho eziqinisa izibopho zokuzivikela. Ingxoxo ngayinye yabonisa amandla endlu okuhlola izivumelwano zezobuchwepheshe obuyinkimbinkimbi futhi igcine uhulumeni unecala.

Isiphetho: IRaje Sabha enenjongo engapheli eMthethweni Wamazwe Angaphandle

IRaje Sabra ifeza indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni izinyathelo zenkambiso zakwamanye amazwe aseNdiya ngokulungiselela ukuqondisa, ukukhuthaza impikiswano, nokuqinisekisa ukuvumelana okukhulu. Ukuhileleka kwayo kusiza ekulondolozeni isimiso sangaphandle esilinganiselayo nesiphumelelayo esibonisa izithakazelo zamazwe ahlukene kuyilapho ihlonipha indima eyinhloko yomphathi ekuqhubeni ubuhlobo bomhlaba wonke. Umbuso wendlu uletha izinqumo zezindawo ezinqunyiweyo zezwe lakwamanye amazwe, uqinisekisa ukuthi izivumelwano zokuhwebelana zizuzisa wonke amazwe futhi ukubambisana komphakathi kuthintana nezindawo zendawo.

Nakuba icindezelwa yimingcele yomthetho-sisekelo nezinto ezingokoqobo zezombangazwe, iminikelo kaRaje Sabra inezela ukufaneleka, ubuchwepheshe, nokulandisa kwenqubo yakwamanye amazwe aseNdiya. Isimiso sekomiti sinikeza ukucubungula okuningilisisa okuthuthukisa imiphumela yenqubo, kuyilapho izimpikiswano zaphansi zakha ukuvumelana kwezombangazwe futhi zazisa umbono womphakathi. Njengoba indima yezwe laseNdiya eyandayo, iqinisa amandla enkambiso kaRajiya Sabra kuyobaluleka kakhulu. Izinguquko zokuhlela ukucubungula isivumelwano, ukuthuthukisa imithombo yamakomiti, nokuthuthukisa izivumelwano zemithetho yemithetho yemithetho zivumela indlu ephezulu ukuba ikwazi ngisho nokufeza indima eyakhayo ekulungiseni ukuhlangana kwezwelaseNdiya.

Ukubaluleka okuhlala njalo kukaRaje Sabra kuxhomeke ekukwazini kwakhe ukubhekana nokulandisa ngentando yeningi ngobuchwepheshe obukhethekile obudingwa yisimiso sakwamanye amazwe. Enkathini yezinselele zembulunga yonke eziyinkimbinkimbi — kusukela ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu kuya ekuqondiseni kwemishini, kusukela ekulondekeni kwasolwandle ukuya ekunikezeni isisekelo esiqinile sesimiso sokuqondisa sephalamende esinolwazi kakhulu. IRajya Sabra, nobuntu bayo bezwe, inkumbulo, kanye nesimiso samakomiti ahlanganisayo, kubekwe ngokuyingqayizivele ukuze kunikezelwe ukuqondisa kuyilapho kuqinisa isisekelo sentando yeningi sesimiso sobuzwe laseNdiya.