Indima YeKhomishane Yamalungelo Abantu Yesizwe Ekubuseni KwamaNdiya

UGenesise Nomthetho Osemthethweni

Izakhi zofuzo ze-NHRC zisekelwe kakhulu ekuzimiseleni kwe-Indiya izindinganiso zamalungelo abantu emhlabeni wonke kanye nomthetho-sisekelo wayo. I-Device of Human Rights Act, 1993 (manje i-Human Rights Act, 1993), yamiswa yiPhalamende lilandela izimemezelo zeKomiti emisha e-Modent ehlobana nemvume yomhlaba wonke yokumisa izinhlangano zesizwe ezizimele. I-Act ichaza kakhulu "amalungelo abantu" njengamalungelo ahlobene nokuphila, inkululeko, ukulingana, isithunzi, ukumiswa kwenkululeko, ukugcinwa kwesivumelwano somthetho-mthetho-sisekelo noma ukumiswa kwezizwe zonke, ukuphoqelelwa yizinkantolo zaseNdiya. Le ncazelo ebanzi inikeza iNHRC ngegunya elikhulu, imbubhiyo yezombangazwe, ezomnotho, ezenhlalo, nempucuko. I-Actalstationstion ihlanganisa ukuvikela ukuvithwa komthetho womthetho-mthetho-mthetho, ukusakaza amalungelo omthetho wokucwaninga esizwe, futhi i-Actric. Interductionsssss (ist) ehlela izimo yesizwe ngenxa yokubusa yesizwe,

Ukuhlelwa Nokumiswa Kwendawo

Ukwakhiwa kweNHRC kuklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuzimela, ukuthembeka, nobuchwepheshe obuningi. IKhomishane ihlanganisa uSihlalo, okumelwe abe yiJaji Omkhulu waseNdiya, namalungu amane agcwele. Phakathi kwalawa amane, kumelwe kube yiJaji leNkantolo Ephakeme yaseNdiya, umuntu owayekade enguMahluleli Oyinhloko weNkantolo Ephakeme, futhi abantu ababili abanolwazi noma okuhlangenwe nakho okusebenzayo ezindabeni eziphathelene namalungelo abantu. Ngaphezu kwalamalungu aphelele, kunamalungu atholakalayo, ahlanganisa amaHlungelo eSihlalo Sesizwe, iShechelpted neShengediaderpold, abesifazane, i-Child Rights, i-Ortyns, i-Ortynsty, ne-Ortytyns (iqithiwe-Nkakhulu, i-Orvent.)

USihlalo namalungu bamiswa nguMongameli waseNdiya ngokutuswa kwekomiti ephethe i-Primester, uMkhulumeli we-Lok Sabha, uMphathi weSigodlo, umholi wokuphikiswa kuzo zombili iziNdlu zePhalamende, kanye noSekela-Sihlalo weRajiya Sabhaha. Lenqubo yokukhetha yamalungu amaningi ihloselwe ukunikeza iKhomisha, ivikeleke eMthethweni, ivikele ihhovisi eliphethe iminyaka emihlanu noma kuze kube yilapho efinyelela iminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa ubudala, ewanikeza ngaphambili, ukuba alungiselele ngeshumi elilondekile ukuba afeze imisebenzi yawo ngaphandle.

Imisebenzi yamandla ne - “social ”

I-NHRC isebenzisa amagunya amakhulu, afana nalawo enkantolo yomphakathi ngaphansi kwe-Council of Civil Procedire, 1908, ngokukhethekile ngenjongo yokubuza. Ingathuma futhi iphoqelele ukuba abantu babe khona, bahlole izifungo, bathole ubufakazi ezinswini ze-affidavits, futhi ikhiphe noma yimuphi umbhalo womphakathi kunoma yisiphi inkantolo noma ihhovisi. Igunya lezehlulelo liyivumela ukuba iqhube ngokucophelela futhi ihlole ngokunempumelelo ukuphulwa kwelungelo lomuntu, lenze ibe enye yezindikimba zezikhulu zemithetho ezinamandla kakhulu eNdiya.

Ukuphenya Nokuphenya

IKhomishane ingabuza ekukhonondeni ngokuphulwa kwamalungelo abantu kunoma yisiphi isicelo esidluliselwe isisulu noma umkhakha ohlobene nayo, noma ngokwayo ( usuo motu ). Syuotu [ ithuluzi elinamandla elivumela iNHRC ukuba isebenze ngemibiko yezindaba noma ukwaziswa okuthola kunoma yimuphi umthombo othembekile, okuyenza ikwazi ukunikeza inkulumo yokuphula umthetho ngaphandle kokulinda ukulahlwa kwecala. Ukuhlola kwayo kuvame ukuhilela ukuvakashela indawo yokwaphula umthetho, ukuxhumana nezisulu nemikhaya yazo, nokukhipha imiyalo yokukhululeka ngokushesha, njengosizo noma isinxephelo. I-Akenye futhi i-mvume yokukhokhwaza abantu ekungeneni kwecala layo phambi kwemvume yayo.

Ukubukeza Nokuhlola

Ngaphandle kokukhononda kwabantu ngabanye, i-NHRC yenza indima ebalulekile ekuhloleni ukumiswa kwemithetho ehlobene namalungelo abantu nezimiso ezweni lonke. Ihlola izivikelo zomthetho-sisekelo kanye nomthetho ezivikela amalungelo abantu futhi zihlole amathuluzi alwela amalungelo abantu emhlabeni wonke ukuze zituse ukuphumelela kwazo. IKhomisha iziboshwa, izikhungo zezempilo zengqondo, amakhaya entsha, kanye nezinye izindawo zokunakekela zokuhlola izimo zokuphila, ukuphathwa kweziboshwa, nokunamathela ezindinganisweni zamalungelo abantu. Imibiko yayo yaminyaka yonke, ibekwe ePhalamendeni, isebenza njengencwadi egxekayo engcono yamalungelo abantu eNdiya, ngokuvamile idonsela ukunakekela ekuhlulekeni kwezimiso zezenzwe zezimiso zezimiso zezenhlalakahle nokutusa izinguquko. I-NRCRC ibuye ihlole izindleko zemali nemithetho ebhekiswe kuyo izibalo zezindinganiso zelungelo lohulumeni ekuqinisekiseni amalungelo abantu.

Ukucwaninga Nokufunda

Isivumelwano esisemthethweni sakha ingxenye ebalulekile yomyalo we-NHRC. Ithatha futhi ithuthukise ukucwaninga emkhakheni wamalungelo abantu, ihlela izinhlelo zokuqeqeshela izikhulu zikahulumeni, amaphoyisa, nezikhulu zokwahlulela, futhi yenza imikhankaso emikhulu yokuqaphela umphakathi ukuba ufundise umphakathi. IKhomishane ithuthukisa izinto zokufundisa izikole namayunivesithi, ihlose ukwakha amalungelo abantu asuka ezingeni lotshani. I-NHRC izama ukuqeqesha imizamo yayo yokuqeqesha izikhulu zikahulumeni, izikhulu zamaphoyisa, nezikhulu zokwahlulela, futhi yenza imikhankambiso emikhulu yokuzingela ukuzibulala ezikoleni zezentengosini zezentengo, 2017, kanye nokuqiniswa kwemithetho emelene nokubulala iziteshi zezandla. I-NRCRC ihlose futhi ihlose ngokuqhubekayo nezinhlangano zomphakathi, izindikimba zezizwe zomhlaba, kuhlanganise nezizwe ezihlangene ezihlangeneni ezisendlekweni ze-Ndiya.

Ithonya Kuhulumeni WamaNdiya Nenhlangano

I-NHRC ishiye uphawu olungacimeki ekubuseni kwamaNdiya, esebenza njengenja ephikelelayo newumthelela wenguquko engokwenhlangano. Ukungenela kwayo kuye kwaphoqelela uhulumeni nohulumeni abaphakathi ukuba basabele ngokwengeziwe ekukhathaleleni amalungelo abantu futhi kuye kwanikeza isilinganiso esithile sokulandisa esimisweni esivame ukuphawulwa ngokuphambana kwezentengiselwano nesikhulu.

Ukukhuluma Ngobudlova Bezigilamkhuba Nokufa

Enye yeminikelo ye-NHRC ebaluleke kakhulu yaba ukusingatha ukufa kokunakekela izingane, ukuhlukumeza, nokuhlangana kwamanga. IKhomishane yamisa i-Dimode Econdating Proceditures (Izi-SAP) ukuze ihlole ukufa okuphoqelelweyo, ukukhipha imvume yokufa okuphoqelelwe ngemva kwe-tem ka-video, ukubuza imibuzo, nokusiza ngokuphazima kwecala emikhayeni. Ezehlakalweni ezingokonyaka, kuhlanganise nokufa kwe-Utar Pradesh ne Bihar, nokubulalana okunedume kakhulu eManiputur, iNHRC, yangenela imbuyiselo enkulu, futhi yatusa ukuquliswa kobugebengu. Ukuphishekela kwayo ukulandisa icala kwalethwa kwalezi zimo. [kuviselwa kumele ubudlova obuqinile]

Ukubonakaliswa Kokuphindisela Ngezandla

I-NHRC yaba nendima ebalulekile ekuqokomiseni umkhuba wokuphindisela nokusunduza ukuze iqedwe ngokuphelele. Ngochungechunge lwezimemezelo zomphakathi, imibiko eningiliziwe, nokungenela okuqondile, iKhomishani yacindezela ohulumeni bamazwe ukuba basebenzise iProjijini ye-Manual Scavivations kanye noMthetho wokubuyisela u-Rehabilitation, 2013. Yaqondisa ukubonakala kwababulali abakhokhelayo bezandla, yaqondisa ukubuyiselwa kwabo, futhi yayala ukuba bakhokhele lapho kukhishwa indle nezimoto. I-NHRC yanikeza ukusekela okuqinile okusekela "I-Pregiversation of Manual Scca Revicelveration and Resoverses" futhi yasiza ekunakekeleni kwesizwe kulobukhohlali.

Ukudla, Ukugundana Nempilo

I-NHRC yathatha ukuqaphela ukusakazeka kwendlala nokungondleki, ikwenza kube ukwephulwa kwelungelo eliyisisekelo lokuphila ngaphansi kweSiphakamiso 21 soMthetho-sisekelo. Yathatha ukuphenya kwesizwe futhi yakhipha ukutusa okubanzi nge-Public Exporation System (PDS) ne-Mid-Dy Meast Meal Scheme, iqhubela phambili izinhlelo ezingcono nokuziphendulela. Phakathi nobhadane lweCHOD-19, i-NRC yadlala indima esebenzayo ekuhloleni ukutholakala kokudla, indawo yokuhlala, kanye nokunakekela impilo yezisebenzi ezifudukayo, ihola abaholayo imali nsuku zonke, nezinye izakhamuzi ezingavikeleki. Yakhipha iziqondiso eziningi zokubusa nohulumeni ophakathi, iziqondisa ukumiswa kosizo kanye nenkinga yezisebenzi ezifudukayo, okwaba enye yezinkinga ezinkulu zezisebenzi eziseNdiya ezithukile.

Ubulungisa Bendawo Ezungezile

Iqaphela ukuhlobana okubalulekile phakathi kwendawo ezungezile namalungelo abantu, i-NHRC iye yaqaphela ngokuqhubekayo ukuwohloka kwendawo ezungezile. Iye yakhipha izixwayiso futhi yafaka imibuzo engcoliseni yomoya eSifundeni seDelhi neNational, ukulahlwa kwemfucumfucu yezemboni, ukungcola komfula, kanye nethonya lemisebenzi emikhulu yezezisekelo emiphakathini yabomdabu. I-Commission iye yaphikelela ngokuqhubekayo ibambelele ekutheni indawo ehlanzekile ibaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni ngaphansi kweSiphakamiso 21. Ukungenela kwayo kuye kwasusa amabhodi okulawula ukungcola neziphathimandla zokulawula ukungcola kwezwe ukuba zithathe isinyathelo esengeziwe ngokumelene nabangcolisi bemvelo futhi inikeze imbuyiselo emiphakathini ethintekile.

Ukuvikela Amalungelo Abesifazane Nezingane

I-NHRC iye yathatha izinyathelo eziningi zokuvikela amalungelo abesifazane nabantwana. Iye yakhuluma ngezindaba ezinjengokubulala abesifazane, ukushada kwezingane, ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili emsebenzini, nokuhlaselwa kwe-asidi. IKhomishane iye yaqhuba izinhlelo zokuqapha ngamalungiselelo angokomthetho ahlobene namalungelo abesifazane futhi iye yaqhubela phambili ukumiswa okuqinile kokuvikelwa kweNdoda Yabantwana kuShonancences (POCSO) Act. Imibiko yayo ngesimo sabesifazane emajele nasesimweni sabantwana emakhaya entsha iye yabangela izinguquko zokuphatha nomthetho wezwe nakumazinga esizwe.

Izinselele Nokulinganiselwa Kwezakhiwo

Naphezu kokuphumelela kwayo, i-NHRC isebenza phakathi kwezithiyo eziningana ezivimbela ukusebenza kwayo namathuba ayo. Lezinselele kumelwe zibhekiswe kulo Khomishina ukuze iwuqaphele ngokugcwele umyalo wayo.

Imvelo Ekhuthazayo Neyitusayo

Ukulinganiselwa okubaluleke kakhulu kwe-NHRC ukuthi ukutusa kwayo akubopheki ngokomthetho kuhulumeni. Nakuba isebenza njengenkantolo yomphakathi phakathi nophenyo lwayo, iziqondiso zayo zokugcina zimane nje ziyizituso. Uhulumeni akabophekile ngokomthetho ukuba wamukele, nakuba kumelwe achaze ukungamukeleki kwayo eMbusweni weNyakatho ku-Palamente. Lokhu kusikisela okusho ukuthi iphikelele ukulandela, ukucindezela kwezombangazwe, kanye nethonya lokuziphatha kungamathuluzi ayinhloko eKhomisha. Ngaphandle kokuphoqelela, uhulumeni ozimisele noma ongenandaba ungazishaya indiva iziqondiso zeNHRC, ukwenze ukungenela kwayo kungangaphumeleli ezimweni eziningi.

Imithombo Neziyalezo Eziqinile

I-NHRC ihlushwa amahlalakhona angaphansi kwezisebenzi kanye nenani elikhulu lezenzakalo. Njengoba amakhulu ezinkulungwane ezikhono zokukhononda zikhona nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, ikhono leKhomishane lokunikeza ubulungisa ngesikhathi liphazamiseka kakhulu. Iphiko layo lokuhlola lincane ngokwesilinganiso, lithembele kakhulu emagunyeni kahulumeni ekubulaweni kwezicelo zayo nemibuzo, okungadala izingxabano zesithakazelo. Imali ye-NHRC, nakuba yanele ngemisebenzi yayo eyisisekelo, ayifaneleki ukuphumelela okukhulu, ukucwaninga, nokuqeqesha kulindeleke ukuba kwenziwe. Lo mnikelo ulinganisela kakhulu amandla ayo okungenela ekufezeni amalungelo awo asebenzayo emsebenzini womuntu futhi ikwazi ukuqondisa i-pat produal produal produal mes.

Izithiyo Ezinamandla Nezikhali

I-Devier of Human Rights Act ifuna i-NHRC ukuba ifune imvume kahulumeni omkhulu ngaphambi kokuphenya izikhalo ngokuphulwa kwamalungelo abantu amabutho ahlomile. Le lungiselelo liwenza buthaka kakhulu amandla obubonisi beKhomishane ezindaweni ezilwayo njenge Jamu ne Kashmir, Manipur, Nagaland, nezinye izifunda ezithintelwe ukungezwani. Nakuba iKhomishane ingathatha utu moodance, inqaba, lesithiyo se-procedtura ngokuvamile ibambezela ukuphenya futhi ivumele ukubhujiswa kobufakazi, ilulaza ukulwa kokuvikelwa isijeziso ngenxa yezikhali zokuphepha.

Ukucindezela Kwezombangazwe Nokuntuleka Kobuthingo

Ukuphumelela kwe-NHRC kuxhomeke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kohulumeni abaphakathi nombuso. Ukulibala ekuhlanganyeleni ulwazi, ukungahambisani nezimemo, nokungasabeli kweminyango kahulumeni kusezinselele eziphikelelayo. Inqubo yokukhetha i-Chaiperson kanye noLungu, nakuba benamandla amakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi iye yagxekwa ngokungabi nakuhileleka komphakathi, kuholele ekumisweni okungase kungabonisi izindinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu zokuzimela nokuzibophezela kwamalungelo abantu.

Ukuqinisa I - NHRC Yekusasa

Ukuthuthukisa indima yayo ekubuseni amaNdiya futhi iqiniseke ukuthi ihlala ingumlweli othembekile wamalungelo abantu, izinguquko eziningana ezingokoqobo zidingekile. Inguquko ebucayi kakhulu ihlanganisa ukunikeza i-NHRC amandla okubophezela ukugunyazwa kwayo, ukuyiguqula indikimba encomelayo ibe inqubo yokuziphendulela ephumelela kakhulu. Ukuyinikeza ngenqubo enkulu yezimali nemisebenzi engcono, kuhlanganise nokujoyina izisebenzi zayo, kunganciphisa ukuthembela kwayo kuhulumeni. Ukugunyaza i-NHRCS ukuze ihlole izikhali ngaphandle kokuvunyelwa nguhulumeni kuyimfuneko ekuqinisekiseni ukulandisa ngemithetho emeleneyo nokuhlanganisa umthetho wamaNdiya nemisebenzi emikhulu engcono kakhulu. Ukumisa uhlaka oluqinile lweHlamfa yeHlulo lwamalungelo abantu futhi luqinisekise ukuthi zithola inzuzo engcono kakhulu kuhulumeni eNdiya.

Isiphetho

INational Human Rights Commission of India ilokhu iyinhlangano ebaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni izakhiwo zentando yeningi. Iye yaphumelela ekunikezeni izinkulumo zamalungelo abantu emaphethelweni e-India, iphoqelela umbuso ukuba uthethelele izenzo zawo futhi unike izakhamuzi amandla okufuna amalungelo awo. Nakuba uhambo lwawo luphawulwe ngempumelelo enkulu ekukhulumeni ngobudlova belungelo lokunakekela izingane, ukucwaswa kwezenhlalo, nokungahleleki kwezimiso, luyaqhubeka lucindezelwa ngokomthetho, izakhiwo, kanye nemingcele yezombangazwe. Ukuqinisa iNHRC akuyona nje imfuneko yenhlangano yesizwe eyisisekelo; luyimfuneko eyinhloko yokuthuthukisa idemokhrasi nokuqinisekisa ukuthi amalungelo ezakhamuzi zayo zonke ivikelekile, ikakhulukazi izingxenye ezisengozini kakhulu nezenyanye kakhulu zomphakathi.