Isingeniso

INkonzo yempilo yezwe, ihlela izimiso ezinkulu zempilo, futhi ihlela izindinganiso zokulawula indawo yempilo yomphakathi, imfundo yezokwelapha, ukulawula izifo, nenhlalakahle yomkhaya eNdiya. Isebenza ngaphansi kukaHulumeni waseNdiya, iNkonzo ihlela izimiso zempilo, ihlela izimiso zempilo ezinkulu, futhi imise izimiso zokulawula isigaba sezempilo. Ngenani labantu elingaphezu kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane ezingu-1,4, umsebenzi we-MoHFW uthinta cishe zonke izakhamuzi — kusukela ekugonyeni kwezingane ezingazamelini ziyokulawula izifo zasebe-sekhulile. Igunya leNkonzo lidlulela ngalé kokunakekela okungokwempilo ukuze livimbele impilo, ukuthuthukisa ukuthuthukisa impilo, ukuthuthukisa, nokuqinisa izimiso zempilo ezindaweni zasemaphandleni nasemaphandleni. Eminyakeni yamuva, umsebenzi we-MoWF ibilokhu ushintsha izigwebo eziphambili zezokugobo abasanda kubantwana abasanda kusetshenziswa njenge-Aman’ugne, i-Grencesting, isikhulu sezempilo se-Endine.

Umlando

Isimiso sempilo yomphakathi esihleliwe saseNdiya sinomsuka waso enkathini yamakoloni, kodwa uhlelo lwanamuhla lwaqala ukumiswa ngemva kokuzimela ngo-1947. IBore Committee Committee yango-1946 yamisa isisekelo sesimiso sempilo esibanzi, situsa ukumiswa kwezindawo eziyinhloko zempilo nokugxila ekuvimbeleni. Ngo-1952, uMnyango Wezempilo waqala ukumiswa, kamuva wamisa kabusha iNkonzo yezeMpilo yezempilo nezemiphakathi ukuze ibonise ukugcizelelwa kwezwe ekuhlaseleni kwezifo ezingenwe yizifo ezithathelwanayo. Emashumini eminyaka, iNkonzo yezeNguqulo iye yaqala ngezincwadi zemithetho yezenkolo enjenge-National Health Policy ka-1901, 2002, kanye nonyaka ka-20171717. Inqubo ngayinye yasabela ekushintsheni kwezifo — kusukela ekuncipheni kwezifo ezithatheni kwezifo ezithathekayo (Nc).

Isimiso Senhlangano

I-MOHFW ihlelwe yaba iminyango eminingana futhi inamahhovisi ahlangene ukuze iqondise imithwalo yayo yemfanelo ebanzi:

  • Ingxenye yempilo neNhlalo-ntle Yomkhaya: Iphatha izinhlelo zempilo yomphakathi, ukuhlela umkhaya, impilo kamama neyabantwana, kanye nezinyathelo zokulawula izifo.
  • Indawo yokucwaninga ngezempilo: ikhuthaza ukucwaninga kwezokwelapha futhi ixhumanisa i-Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR).
  • I-Drectorate General of Health Services (DGHS):[ Inikeza izeluleko zobuchwepheshe futhi isebenzise izinhlelo zezwe zempilo.
  • I-Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO):[ ilawula imithi, amathuluzi ezokwelapha, kanye nokuhlola.
  • i-National Health Systems Resource Centre (NHSRC): isekela ukwakhiwa kwamandla nosizo lobuchwepheshe lwezimiso zempilo eziqinisayo.

Lo Mnyango wengamela neqoqo lezinhlangano ezivelele ezinjenge - All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIMS), i - National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMINS), nezikhungo eziningi zokucwaninga namakolishi ezokwelapha.

Imithwalo Yemfanelo Eyinhloko

Imithetho eyisisekelo yeNkonzo mikhulu futhi ihlangene. Imithwalo yemfanelo eyinhloko ihlanganisa:

  • I-Folity Forformation: Ukuguqula izimiso zempilo yesizwe, amasu, kanye nohlelo lokuqondisa okuhambisana nemigomo yempilo yembulunga yonke njengeMigomo yeNkqubela yezeMpilo (SDGs).
  • Izakhiwo zempilo: Ukuhlela, ukwakha, nokugcina isimiso se-tigritiss yemiphakathi, izikhungo eziyinhloko zempilo (PHCs), izikhungo zezempilo zomphakathi (CHC), nezibhedlela zesifunda.
  • [[NTL:0] Ukulawula nokucutha: Izinhlelo zokuhlanganisa isifo sofuba (NTBDCP), umalaleveva (NVBDCP), iHIV/AIDS (NACP), uchoko, nezifo ezithathelwanayo eziqubukayo.
  • Ukungavumelani: Uhlelo lwe-Universal Immunization (UIP) ukuvikela izingane ezifweni ezi-12 zomjovo.
  • IMaterinal nempilo yabantwana: Ukunciphisa ukufa komama kanye nezinsana ngokuhlela njengeJani Shishu Suraksha Karakram (JSK) nePradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA).
  • [[NT:0] Ukunikezwa kwemfundo yezokwelapha: ukubheka kakhulu ukuhlinzwa kwezokwelapha, amazinyo, ukuncelisa, kanye nezisebenzi eziphuthumayo ngemizimba enjengeNational Medical Commission (NMC) ne-Indian Nursing Council (INC).
  • [ Access ku-Esterial Medicine: Ibonisa ukutholakala kwemithi engabizi ngecebo likaJan Aushadhi kanye nomthetho wenani nge-National Phrankoutical Pricing Authoring Pricing (NPPA).

Izinyathelo Ezinkulu Nezinhlelo

U - Ayushman Bharat

I-Ayushman Bharat yaqalwa ngo-2018, iyicebo likahulumeni lokunakekela impilo elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Inezinsika ezimbili: iPradhan Mantri Jan Arogta Yajana (PM-JAY), ehlanganisa ama-croreta angaphezu kwamashumi amathathu (300 000) emikhaya e-lakh ngonyaka ngenxa yokunakekelwa kwegumbi eliphakathi nelokunakekelwa kwesibhedlela, kanye neHelling Centres (HWC) ezinikeza ukunakekela okuyinhloko. Njengoba kunjalo ngo-2025, ama-croreeat (300 000) anezinkonzo zomkhaya ezinkomfa, futhi izigidi zesibhedlela ziye zagunyaziswa, zinciphisa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwe-ovadrea yemali yabampofu.

Ukuthunywa Kwezwe Kwezempilo (NHM)

I-NHM engaphansi kwayo kokubili i-National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) ne-National Urban Health Mission (NUHM). Inikeza izimali ezivumelanayo ukuze kuqiniswe izimiso zempilo, ithumele izisebenzi zezempilo eziphambili (ASHE, AM), futhi ithuthukise izikhombisi zempilo kamama nezingane. I-NHM isekela futhi i-Free Drugs kanye ne-Free Diagnostics Services ezisendlweni zomphakathi.

Uhlelo lokugoma Lwesizwe

I-Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) ingomunye wemizamo emikhulu yokugoma emhlabeni wonke, ihlanganisa izinsana eziyizigidi ezingu - 2,7 kanye nabesifazane abakhulelwe (abayizigidi ezingu - 2,9) ngonyaka. Ngo-2023, iNdiya yasungula umjovo wokugoma weRotavirus kanye nomjovo we-pymococcal conjuv (PCV) oncishiswe i-UIP, ukunciphisa ukufa kwe-diarrhoe ne-nyumonia.

Isimiso Sokulawula Ingculaza Sesizwe (NACP)

Ngaphansi kwe-egeis yeNational AIDS Control Organization (NACO), i-NACP inciphe ngamaphesenti angu-66 ezifo ezintsha ze-HIV kusukela ngo-2010. Uhlelo lugxile ekungeneleni okuhloselwe amaqembu aphezulu e-arirk, ukwelapha ngesihle (ART) ezikhungweni ze-ART ezicishe zibe ngu-1 800, nokuvinjelwa kokudluliselwa kwabazali kubantwana.

UPradhan Mantri Ayushman Bharat Health Infraturapublication Mission (PM-ABHIM)

Imemezelwe ngo-2021 enohlelo lwemali lwe-crore (cishe amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-62), i-PM-ABIM ihlose ukuqinisa izakhiwo zempilo zaseNdiya — ukwakha amalaborabhu amasha ezempilo omphakathi, izikhungo zokunakekela ezibucayi, kanye nezimiso ezandayo zokuhlola izifo. Ibuye imise i-National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) njengenhlangano enamandla yokusabela kokugqashuka.

Izinyathelo Ezisetshenziswa Empilweni Esetshenziswa Ngemishini

I-National Digital Health Mission (NDHM) — kamuva eqanjwe ngokuthi i-Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) — yenza i-memori yempilo ehlangene. Iqukethe ama-ID ezempilo ayingqayizivele (ABHA), yenza ukuba amarekhodi empilo kagesi, futhi yenza ukuba i-tele-consective-meatting esjeevani, eyaqopha ukuxoxa nge-eSlanjeevani okungaphezu kwezigidi eziyikhulu ngo-2024.

Imisebenzi Nethonya

I-MoHFW iye yathola impumelelo ephawulekayo emashumini eminyaka amuva. I-India yamenyezelwa ukuthi ayinapoliyo ekhona ngo-2014 ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka yokugonyelwa. Isilinganiso sokufa (MMR) sehla kusukela ku-130% kwabangu-100 000 abazalwayo ngo-2016 kuya ku-79 ngo-202020, nesilinganiso sokufa kwezinsana (IMR) sehla kusukela ku-449 kuya ku-28 nge-1000 ekhona phakathi kwenkathi efanayo. Izwe lanciphisa futhi i-CPUS kanye ne-Yawns futhi lanciphisa kakhulu umthwalo we-lymph filariasiasis. Iminyaka ezalwa ngo-207 ngo-2010.

Izinselele Ezibhekene Nazo

Naphezu kwentuthuko, iNkonzo ilwa nezinselele eziphikelelayo:

  • Ukungalingani kwe-rural-Urban: Amaphesenti angaphezu kwa 70 abantu baseNdiya ahlala emaphandleni, lapho izakhiwo zezempilo zisengaphansi kwezisebenzi futhi zihlome kakhulu. Isilinganiso esikhulu sochwepheshe sikhetha ukubekwa emadolobheni, sishiya izibhedlela zesigodi nezibhedlela ezingenadokotela abahlinzayo abaqeqeshiwe, abahlinzayo, noma abathakamisi.
  • I-Health chare Workforce Shortge: INdiya inesilinganiso sikadokotela oya ekuhlaliseni abantu esingaba ngu-1.1:1,1, ngaphansi kakhulu kwe-WHO eyaqashelwa 1:1,000. Isilinganiso somhlengikazi kudokotela sibuye sihlotshiswe, futhi odokotela abangaphezu kuka-80% basebenza ezindaweni zasedolobheni.
  • Isifo esingu-Double Disease Burden: Izifo ezingabangela ukufa kofuba, umalaleveva, kanye nohudo namanje zibangela ukufa kwabantu abaningi, kuyilapho izifo ezingathatheki ezithathelwanayo (NCD) — isifo semithambo yenhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, umdlavuza — ziye zaqubuka, zabangela ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kuka-60%. Isimiso sezempilo sizama ukubhekana nakho kokubili kanye.
  • Ngaphandle kwe-Pocket Expenditure: Naphezu kwe-Ayushman Bharat, cishe amaphesenti angu-50 emali yezempilo esetshenziswa eNdiya ayisancishiwe, isunduzela izigidi ebumpofwini unyaka ngamunye. Izindleko zempilo zikahulumeni njengengxenye yeGDP zicishe zibe 2.1%, cishe zingaphansi kakhulu kwesilinganiso sembulunga yonke se-6%.
  • Izimo zempilo ze-Public Emertications: Umqedazwe we-COVID-19 wadalula ukubola ekulawuleni ukungenwa yizifo, ukunikeza umoya-mpilo amaketanga, kanye nokugadla okuphuthumayo. Ukuqubuka okulandelayo kwe-mucormycosis negciwane i-Nipah kuye kwahlola izindlela zokusabela.
  • Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR): Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile nokusetshenziswa kabi kwemithi elwa namagciwane ezibhedlela nasezolimo kuye kwabangela ukunyuka kwe-AMR, okusongela ukululaza ukwelashwa kwezifo ezivamile. I-Indiya ine-National Action Plan on AMR kodwa igcinwa ibuthakathaka.

Intuthuko Yamuva Nokusabela

Ukuphathwa kwe-COVID-19

I-MoHFW yahlanganisa ukusabela kwe-Indiya kulolubhadane nge-NationalCOVID-19 Task Force. Izenzo eziyinhloko zahlanganisa ukunqanda amandla okuhlola kusukela ku-0 kuya ku-2 miliyoni ngosuku, ukumisa izibhedlela ze-COVOVAD ezinikezelwe kakhulu, nokukhipha ijubane lokugoma elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni — ukunikeza izilinganiso ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-2,2%. INkonzo yaqala futhi iqophe iqophe i-coWin digic ukuze ibhaliselelwe ukugoma kanye ne-cracy, kamuva yamukelwa amazwe amaningana. I- Post-pandemic, iNkonzo iye yaqinisa ukupheka kwayo okuhlinzwa kwempikiselwa nge-Ayman Bharatat Health in 202222. I-Missionsions (MM-BHIM).

Izinguquko Eziqondisayo

Ngo-2020, i-National Medical Commission (NMC) yathatha indawo ye-Medical Council of India, ihlose ukuletha ukubonakala nokulandisa emfundweni yezokwelapha. INkonzo futhi yasungula i-New Drugs and Clinical Trial Trial Trials Treaty, 2019, ifaka izinqubo zokuvumelana kuyilapho iqinisekisa ukumiswa kwentengo ye-National Phrandicilling Pricicating Authority (NPPA) yemithi ebalulekile kuye kwasiza ukuhlangabezana nezindleko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-CDSCCO iqhubekela ekuhloleni nasekusebenziseni izindinganiso zomhlaba wonke.

Ukugxila Empilweni Yengqondo Ne - NCD

Iqaphela umthwalo okhulayo wezifo zengqondo, iNkonzo yamisa i-National Mental Health Programme (NMHP) igxile ezinkonzweni zempilo yengqondo yesigodi nasekunakekelweni okuyinhloko. Isifo seNational Non-Communicable (NCD) imikhondo ethwala umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela, nomlomo, ibele, nomdlavuza wesibeletho uhlolwa ngaphansi kwe-National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Diabetes, Cardioiovas Caralscular and Stroke (NPCDCS). Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu- 150 baye bahlolwa i-s ngaphansi kwenyathelo lokuqala.

Iziyalezo Zesikhathi Esizayo

Ibhukwana lenkambiso ye-MoHFW lamuva nje nemali ihlela izinto eziza kuqala eziningana kuleli shumi leminyaka elizayo. I-National Health Policy 2017 yabeka isisulu sezindleko zempilo yomphakathi eziyandayo ku-5. Ngo-2025 — nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwangempela kuhlala kungu-Ayushman Bharat engaphezulu ukuze kuhlanganiswe ukunakekelwa kwe-geriatricat, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, kanye nokuhlohlwa kwengqondo kulindeleke. Izinhlelo zokwandisa ulwembuyiselo lwempilo lwezempilo neWellness Centreea ukuze kuhlanganise 1.5.150% nge-2028, ukunikezelwa kwendlela ebanzi yokunakekela kuhlanganise ne-cregiterial kunye ne-NCD. Ukwenyuswa kwempilo ye-ADM kulindeleke ukuba ku-orecurea (am) nge-ABBBRGBRGB, kusebenza nge-meterne, ithenti ye-National Interpine yezensive yezensicine yeze yeze yezentengiselwa yezente (eting, i-

Embulungeni yonke, i-Indiya isebenzisa amandla ayo okuthatha isikhundla sobumongameli bayo base-G20 ngo-2023 ukuze ithathele ukusetshenziswa kwezindinganiso zempilo zamanani kanye nobhadane lwezimo eziwubhadane. INkonzo futhi isekela izinyathelo ezihamba phambili njenge Global Strategy for Women’s, Children’s, neAdolescent’s’s Health ne-Onety yezounce yezokwelapha izifo ze-zoooratics. Ukucwaninga nokuthuthuka kwe-genomics, ukwelapha okuveza i-regenerate, kanye nokuhlakanipha kokuhlola kuthola izimali zikahulumeni ngo-ICMR no-BRAC.

Ukusingatha ukuntuleka kwezisebenzi zokwelapha kuyinselele engapheli. UMnyango usungule icebo elisha lokumisa amakholiji amasha angu-75 ngo-2025-26, futhi uye wakha izihlalo ezingaphezu kuka-27 000 ze-MBBS kanye nezihlalo ezingu-199 000 eziphambili eminyakeni emihlanu edlule. I-National Dental Commission ne-National Avselty Health Council ihlelwa ukuba ilawule futhi yenze amasimu ahlangene ezempilo anjenge-pysioperatherapy, isty, isondlo, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokucwaninga. Ngokuhambisana nomthetho, imizamo yokuqinisa impilo yomphakathi nge-Accredved Social Health Actificio (AS) nangommivedmives (ANM) abahli besizakala-art.

Isiphetho

I-Indian Ministry of Health and Family Welfare iseyinhlangano eyinhloko eqhubela phambili izinhlelo zempilo yesizwe. Imizamo yayo — kusukela ekukhuliseni ukunakekelwa okuyinhloko kuya e-Ayushman Bharat kuya ekuhlaseleni umqedazwe we-COVOVID-19 nokwenza amapulani ahleleke ngokusebenza ngokusemthethweni — iye yathinta imingcele yonke yezwe. Nakuba izinselele ezinjengezezimali, ukuswelakala kwemisebenzi, nokungasebenzi, kanye nomthwalo ophindwe kabili wezifo oqhubekayo wesifo, inyathelo leNkonzo elimuva lokuthuthukisa ukulingana, ukuqina kwezimiso zezokusebenza, kanye nezimiso zempilo eziqinile. Njengoba i-Indiya ishintshela ekhonweni yempilo, ukuguga, i-MoHFF, indima yeze ngisho nangokwengeziwe. Ukuzuza ukukhokhwazwa kwempilo kwempilo ye-SG 30 kuyodinga ukukhuliswa, futhi kuqhubeke konke ukusungulwa kwezelelwa kwezentengo yezentengo yeze yezentengo yezentengo yezentengo yeze yezembuluko yembulunga yonke, nezingxenye, nezinganiso, izigaba zezwe,