Isisekelo Somthetho - sisekelo Sezindaba Zomuntu Ongamfihlo

ISichibiyelo sesine soMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S. siqinisekisa ilungelo labantu lokugcinwa kubantu babo, izindlu, amaphepha, kanye nemiphumela emelene nokuphenya okungacabangeli nokuquleka. Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, lesi sivikelo sasisebenza ngokuyinhloko ezindaweni ezingokoqobo nasezintweni ezibonakalayo. Kodwa ukuphakama kwama-cell phone, ama-laptop, amafu, nezinye izinqubo zemishini zezobuchwepheshe kuphoqelele izinkantolo ukuba zichaze kabusha lokho okubumba "ukuhlola" nokuthi yini ekufuneka ngaphambi kokuba uhulumeni ufinyelele imininingwane yethu eseduze kakhulu. Inqubo, esekelwe eMthethweni wesihlanu ne-14th Refemilliations, idinga uhulumeni ukuba ulandele ukwahlulela ngokungakhethi, ngokunelisayo, nangezindlela ezibonisa mhlophe ngaphambi kokuba unciphe noma imuphi umuntu ukuphila, inkululeko, noma impahla. Uma ihlangene, le nqubo yenza isivikelo esinamandla esimelene nokungena ezimisweni.

INkantolo Ephakeme iqaphele ukuthi omakhalekhukhwini banamuhla abazona izitsha ezingokoqobo nje kuphela kodwa banemininingwane eminingi yomuntu siqu, kusukela kumarekhodi asebhange nasemibhalweni yempilo kuya enqubeni yezomuntu siqu. [FLT][FLT]] [[FLT]] [[iNkakhulu] (iNkathi yeNkathi, iNkantolo ibambelele ngokuthi amaphoyisa adinga isiqinisekiso sokuhlola okuqukethwe umakhalekhukhwini obanjwa phakathi kokuboshwa.] Umbono waphawula ukuthi ucingo "ukwena okuko futhi kuyingxenye yokuphila yansuku zonke okungathathwa isivakalisi esivela e-Mars ukuba kube yinqubo ebalulekile yokwakheka kwabantu" lesi simemezelo esisebenza ngokuvumelana nezimiso zenkathi yokuhlola ngokufuna ukuhlola inqubo yokwahlulela, kunokuba sivumele ukuba kuhlolwe ukuthulwa.

Imfuneko edingekayo yokuhlola inombolo idlulela ngalé kokuthola nje imvume. Ifuna ukuba ubukhulu banoma yikuphi ukuphenya buvumelane kakhulu nenjongo ethile ewuphenyo. Isiqinisekiso esigunyaza ukuseshwa kobufakazi bokukhwabanisa intela asinakusetshenziswa ekuphenyeni izithombe zomkhaya wangasese noma ukufunda ama-imeyili omuntu siqu angahlangene nobugebengu. Izinkantolo ziye zagcizelela ngokuqhubekayo lemingcele ngokucindezela ubufakazi obutholakala ngokuhlola izibalo ezisemqoka. Isimiso sokulinganisela siyinhloko: ukungenelela emficini yomthetho yezindaba kumelwe kube nengqondo uma kukhanyiselwa isithakazelo esingokomthetho sikahulumeni.

Isichibiyelo Sesine Nenqubo Efanele: Isivikelo Sesibopho

Abantu abaningi bacabanga ngeSichibiyelo sesine njengesihloli esiyinhloko ekuhloleni kwamaphoyisa, kodwa inqubo efanele ifeza indima ebaluleke ngokufanayo. ISichibiyelo sesine sinquma ukuthi ukusesha kulungile yini ukulinganisela ; inqubo efanele inquma ukuthi i-procedures [ isetshenziswa ukugunyaza noma ukuphatha ukuphenya. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umthetho uthola isiqinisekiso esisekelwe ekwazisweni sokudukisa noma kokungamanga, ukuphenya okulandelayo kuphula inqubo efanele, ngisho noma isiqinisekiso sokwenza indidatha yomthetho onjalo. Ikhathiwe ihlanganisa ukuncishiswa kobufakazi futhi ngezinye izikhathi ilimaza ngaphansi [FLT:].C.[195]

Inqubo elindelekile idinga futhi ukuba abantu bathole isixwayiso esanele lapho impahla yabo yenombolo ibanjwa, futhi babe nethuba lokubekela inselele ukuthatheka. Ezizweni eziningi, umuntu omshini wakhe uthathwe kumelwe atshelwe ukuthi kungani, futhi angakwazi ukumelana nokufuna phambi kwemajingi. Le procedudaral ivimbela "imfihlo" uhulumeni uphenyela ukuthi isisulu asilokothi sifunde kuze kwephuze kakhulu. ICumputeter Crime kunye ne-Intellibacy project Ingxenye (CIPS) ye-UM.UMGANGA-MALIS] ikhiphe iziqondiso ezigcizelela ukuthi inqubo efanelekile idinga ukugcinwa komthetho ukuba kusetshenziswe okuncane kwezindlela zokuhlola.

Imfuneko Yempi Ekhona Ngalesi Sibalo

Umthetho ovamile uthi isiqinisekiso, esisekelwe ngokunokwenzeka futhi ikakhulukazi ukuchaza indawo okumelwe ihlolwe futhi izinto ezizothathwa, siyadingeka ngaphambi kokuba ukugcinwa komthetho kuphenye isisetshenziswa se-metal. Lomthetho usebenza kuma-makhalekhukhwini, ama-playd, ama-computer, ama-desktop, ama-ayinsi angaphandle, ngisho nokwaziswa okugcinwe efwini lapho kufinyelelwa emshinini. Isiqinisekiso kumelwe sikhankanyeze isisetshenziswa (s) ukuze sihlolwe futhi kufuneke izinhlobo zemininingwane. I-mlacet rectal rectals ezivumela ukuba i-trawl yamanani ebanzi ingabikho ukuqonda okunengqondo futhi inqubo efanelekile.

Imbangela Ephumelelayo Yokucwaninga Ngemishini

Imbangela eqinisekile ikhona lapho kunenkolelo enengqondo, esekelwe emaqinisweni athembekile, ukuthi ubugebengu buye benziwa nokuthi ubufakazi bobugebengu buzotholakala kumshini. Lokhu akuyona indinganiso ephakeme, kodwa akuyona nje ukusola nje. Izinkantolo ziye zalwa nesizathu esingaba khona kumanani. Ngokwesibonelo, i-computer esolekayo esendaweni yocingo eseduze kobugebengu, ihlangene nobufakazi bokuthi umcabango usebenzise ucingo ukuxhumana nombangi, kungaveza imbangela elindelekile. Nokho, ukuba ne-makhalekhukhwi ngesikhathi sokuboshwa akwanele. Inkantolo ephakeme eqondene [FLT:] Krulelm [FF:] yenza uhulumeni ukwenze kucace ukuthi ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi komthetho.

Ukuhlukanisa Nokulinganisela

Imfuneko yeSichibiyelo sesine ifuna ukuba imvume ichaze ukwaziswa okuqondile okuzoseshwa ngomniningwane onele ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuphehlwa kwemisebe. Emizinzweni yemishini, lokhu ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi kufanele kuphawulwe uhlobo lwemininingwane efunwayo (umz., beka izingobo zokwaziswa, imiyalezo, imiyalezo yeposi, izithombe, noma indawo). Kungadingeka futhi kusetshenziswe amathuluzi okuhlola alinganisela ukuhlolwa kokwaziswa okuhlelwe kuphela esivumelwaneni. Uma imithetho ifaka imingcele edlula lemikhawulo, noma iziphi ubufakazi obutholakele ngaphandle kwesayizi bungabekwa ngaphansi komthetho [[FLT:] [[FLT:]] [FLT]] [FOLT]] [1]

Izinkantolo ziye zaqaphela futhi ukuthi uhulumeni kumelwe athathe izinyathelo zokugwema ukuhlola izinto ezikhethekile, njengokuxhumana nommeli noma amarekhodi ezokwelapha. United States v. IGanians (2d Cir. 2014), inkantolo yagcizelela ukuthi ukukhumbula kukahulumeni nokuhlola isithombe sekhompuyutha iminyaka eminingi ngemva kokuphenya okungaphansi kwenzekile. Isinqumo sagcizelela ukuthi uhulumeni akanakumane athathe ijubane elinzima futhi anqume ukuthi yini ezosesha; isayizi kumelwe ichazwe ngesikhathi imvume itholakale.

Iziphambeko ZeNkantolo Ephakeme

RILEY v. California (2014]

, iNkantolo Ephakeme yakhuluma noma amaphoyisa angase, ngaphandle kwemvume, iphenye izinombolo zocingo oluphathwayo oluthathwe umuntu oboshiwe. INkantolo yanquma ukuthi ukuphenya okungabhekiseli emininingwaneni yolwazi ngenxa yolwazi oluningi lomuntu olugcinwe kumakhalekhukhwini anamuhla. IJaji uRoberts labhala ukuthi imininingwane yocingo "angeke isetshenziswe ngokoqobo ukulimaza iphoyisa iphoyisa noma ukubulala ubufakazi obufanele inqubo yezobuchwepheshe: ifuna isiqinisekiso sokuzihlola okungabo abafunanga ngokungenasizathu nokuthi izizathu zabo zibukezwe ngomfashini. Lokhu kuphawulwe ezicabeni ezingokomthetho ezingamakhulu amaningi.

Carbate v. United States (208)

ICalpenter, iNkantolo yaphikisa ngokuthi ukutholakala kukahulumeni kokwaziswa okungokomlando okuhlanganisa amangqamuzana ($_records ebonisa ukuthi ucingo luye lwavikela iNkathi Yesine yeSimende soMphetho futhi ngokuvamile kudinga isiqinisekiso esisekelwe entweni elindelekile. Uhulumeni waphikisa ukuthi lemikhondo yayiyi "amarekhodi ebhizinisi" aphethwe yiziphathi zamangqamuzana zesithathu ezihlukene futhi ngaleyondlela ingangenisithobeli ekuvikelweni kwezesine. Inkantolo ayivumelani, iphawula ukuthi indawo yomuntu engokoqobo esikhathini esithile esengeziwe yembula "isithombe esiseduze sokuphila kwakhe." Isinqumo siqinisa inqubo edinga ukubukezwa komthetho ngaphambi kokufinyelela kokwaziswa okuzwa yi-memo yesithathu. Inkantolo yaphawula ukuthi abantu abangayilindele ukuba babe nemfundiso enengqondo, ukuthi abantu balindele ulwazi olubanzi kwabanye abantu, futhi abenzi besebenzisa izinhlangano."

United States v. Jones (202)

Nakuba ihlanganisa isisetshenziswa sokulandelela i-GPS esibekwe emotweni, ukucabanga kwayo kuhlanganisa imishini yemishini yobuchwepheshe. INkantolo yathi ukubopha i-GPS emotweni futhi ihlole ukuhamba kwayo izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-28 kwahlanganisa ukuseshwa ngaphansi kweSichibiyeli sesine. ISishayamthetho Sotomay's saphikisa ukuthi imfundiso yesithathu kufanele iphinde ithathwe ngokukhanyiselwe ngokuhlola kwanamuhla. Icala lathola ukuthi ukugada i-GPS ezindaweni zomuntu kudinga isiqinisekiso, isimiso esinweba ukulandelela ngomzila ngemininingwane ye-PSCPS.

Abahlukile Endinganisweni Eqaphile

Nakuba imfuneko yokugunyazwa iwumthetho ovamile, izimpawu eziningana zivumela ukugcinwa komthetho ukuba kuhlole imishini yemishini ngaphandle kwemvume.

Izimo Ezibi

Uma kunokusongela kokuphila okusheshayo, ingozi yokuqothulwa kobufakazi, noma ukuphishekelwa komgexo obalekayo, amaphoyisa angathatha uphendlo olungenasiqinisekiso. Imishini ye-technic, i-project kumelwe ukuba iyiqiniso futhi ingadalwanga amaphoyisa ngokwawo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma izikhulu zinesizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi ukusolwa kususa ukwaziswa kocingo noma ukuthi usongo lwebhomu luhlanganiswa ngemishini, lungenza ngaphandle kwemvume. Nokho, umthwalo ukhona kuhulumeni ukufakazela ukuthi izimo ezikhona. Izinkantolo bezingangabaza ukuthi ukwaziswa kocingo kungase kube ubufakazi obungakho ngaphandle kobuphili bekhono lokucima.

Usizo

Uma umnikazi wethuluzi evuma ngokuzithandela, akudingeki imvume. Inqubo idinga ukuba uvume ukwazi, uhlakaniphe, futhi uzimisele (hhayi ngokuphoqelelwa ngemigoqo noma ngenkohliso). Amaphoyisa ngokuvamile atshela umuntu ukuthi unelungelo lokwenqaba, nakuba lokhu kungadingeki njalo ngokomthetho. Ezizweni eziningi, imvume yesithathu (umz., kumngane womshado) ingaba semthethweni uma umuntu enegunya elifanayo phezu kwe-omklami. Nokho, umakhelwane akavunyelwe ukusesha i-layensi ebotshelelwe omunye umuntu, ikakhulukazi uma i-password lingahlangani.

Ukuhlola Imingcele

Imfundiso yokuhlola umngcele ivumela amasiko nezikhulu ezigadayo ukuba ziseshe imithwalo, izimoto, kanye nemishini yamagesi emngceleni ngaphandle kwemvume. Lokhu kushiye ihlazo kubangele ukuqashelwa okukhulu, njengoba uhulumeni eye waphikisa ngokuthi kusebenza ekuphenyeni ama-laptop nocingo. Ezinye izinkantolo zikhombe ukuthi "bassic" ukuphenya umngcele (umz., ukuphenya nokuhlela phakathi kwamafayela) akudingi ukusola, kodwa "umkhakhakhakhathi" ukuphenya (umklondi"e. g., ukusebenzisa i-software yokuhlola amafayela acinyiwe) kudinga ukusola okunengqondo. [[FLT:][5] Izinhlalo zocingo ezivamile ze-Libris Union (ALL)[FL:1] azifuni ukuthenjelwa okuvamile kwe-CVS.[2]

Izisetshenziswa Zezinombolo Nemfundiso Yesithathu Yesigaba

Imfundiso yesithathu ngokwesiko yayithi abantu balahlekelwa ukulindela okunengqondo kokungafihliwe ekwazisweni abakunikeza ngokuzithandela, njengezinkampani zocingo noma amabhange. Nokho, lemfundiso iye yakhukhuleka ngenkathi yamanani. Isikhungo esiphezulu [, iNkantolo ePhakathi yenqaba ngokuqondile ukusebenzisa imfundiso esendaweni yesodwa, iqaphela ukuthi ukuphatha ucingo kuyazenziwa "ukungahlanganyeli emphakathini wanamuhla" futhi akuyona ngempela inhloso. Lokhu kunwebela kweminye imininingwane yezimiso zobuchwepheshe, njengoba ama-imeyili egcinwe (Izintambo zokuxhumana kakade kakade kudinga imvume yama-imeyili e kunezinsuku ezingu-180 ezidala), amafafa enzile, nokuhlola umlando ohulumeni angeke afune inqubo yezodwa yezomthetho yemininingwane yezomthetho.

Izimpendulo ezisemthethweni ezinjenge Ukuxhumana okungagunyaziwe. Nokho, izikhala zikhona. Njengesibonelo, umthetho ungathola izigxobo zomphakathi zomuntu, umsebenzi we-DM, futhi ngisho nemiyalezo engasese nge-subtoppoenas noma ngemiyalo yenkantolo edinga indinganiso ephansi kunesizathu esilindelekile. Inqubo efanele ifuna ukuba abantu bahlolwe uma ukwaziswa kwemininingwane yabo kufunwa futhi benethuba lokufeza okuthile, nakuba ezimweni eziningi zikhona zikhona.

Indima Yokubhala Nokubhala Okufanele

Ukubhala kuyinselele ekhethekile phakathi kokulinganisela kwezindawo zomuntu siqu nezokugcinwa komthetho. Ukufihlwa okuqinile, njengalokho okusetshenziswa yi-iphones ne-Android, kusho ukuthi ngisho noma amaphoyisa ebamba ucingo ngokomthetho, angakwazi ukulungena ngaphandle kombhalo obhalwe phansi noma ukuqinisekisa nge-biomicrome. Uhulumeni uye waphikisa ngokuthi inqubo efanele ifuna ukuba abantu banikeze izingcaphuno zabo zokuvula izimfihlo, ukucaphuna "isiphetho esisodwa" imfundiso. Lemfundiso iveza ukuthi ilungelo leSiphetho sesihlanu sokuzilahla i-imposiso ngaphandle kobukhodibo noma ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubufakazi bukhona nendawo yobufakazi buyisiphetho "ngeyodwa."

Nokho, izinkantolo ziye zahlukana ukuthi umuntu uphoqelela ukuba angene ekhophini lokukhipha i-flact code. iphula iSichibiyelo sesihlanu iUnited States v. . I-Hubell [2000], iNkantolo Ephakeme yathi iSichibiyelo sesihlanu sisebenza [[ impumelelo yomkhiqizo [[[FLT]] ngokwayo] uma ikwazi kakade isisetshenziswa somuntu. Uma iqoqo lezinto likhona lifaka incazelo emniningweni yemininingwane yendlela nokuthi umuntu ozingenisile futhi isisetshenziswa yiwo. Inkantolo ethile ikholelwa ukuthi imvume yokuzisola iwunyuko (g.g., kwezinye izinqolobane) ayidingi ukumiswa kuqala kwemininingwane yenqubo yomthetho.

Lendaba iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngezihluthulelo ze-biometric, njenge-biomitric minwe noma ukuqashelwa kobuso. Izinkantolo zivame ukukholelwa ukuthi amaphoyisa angaphoqelela umuntu ukuba asebenzise iminwe yawo ukuze avule ucingo ngoba awubufakazi obungokoqobo. Nokho, uma kuvela icala lihlanganisa, ezinye izinkantolo zisebenzisa isilinganiso se-"foregone" ekuvuleni kweminwe. Kunoma isiphi isimo, inqubo efanelekile idinga imithetho ecacile ngokuphathelene nesikhathi nendlela uhulumeni angagunyaza ngayo ukungena ngomshini.

Izinyathelo Eziwusizo Zokuvikela Amalungelo Akho Amanani

Ukuqonda umthetho kubalulekile, kodwa futhi abantu ngabanye bangathatha izinyathelo ezishukumisayo zokulondoloza amathuba abo okufihla ikhanda kanye namalungelo afanele uma kuziwa ezimisweni zemishini yezobuchwepheshe.

  • Sebenzisa u-password onamandla noma amabinzana okungena-mdlalifa kunokuba ama-PIN alula. Gwema ama-biometric uma ukhathazekile ngokuphoqelelwa ukuba uvule.
  • ikwazi ukukhipha yonke i-device [[FL:1] kuwo wonke ama-makhalekhukhwini, amabhukwana, nama-laptop. Izinqubo eziningi zanamuhla zokusebenza zinikeza lokhu ngokwephutha.
  • Yazi amalungelo akho uma emiswa amaphoyisa. Unelungelo lokuthula nokwenqaba ukuseshwa komshini wakho. Yithi "Angivumi ukusesha" ngokucacile nangesizotha.
  • Gcina imininingwane ezwelayo kukugcina ifu eliyimfihlo ngokukopisha okuphele-ye-ekupheleni, futhi ugweme ukugcina amafayela agxekayo esisetshenziswani ngokuqondile uma kungenzeka.
  • Sebenzisa izinhlelo eziqinile zasese kwizokuxhumana nasemixhumeni yokuthumela imiyalezo. Cabangela ukusebenzisa ama-apps anikeza imiyalezo enyamalalayo.
  • Ungavuli isisetshenziswa sakho samaphoyisa ngaphandle kokuba unikezwe incwadi esemthethweni yokuhlola. Uma amaphoyisa efuna iphasiwedi yakho noma i-biometric, ungacela ukukhuluma nommeli kuqala.
  • Setha isisetshenziswa sakho ukususa imniningo ngemva kwenani elithile lemizamo yokuthungatha iphasiwedi [ (ngakho qaphela lokhu kungaphumela futhi ekulahlekelweni kogcino-lwazi uma isisetshenziswa sifinyelelwa ngengozi ngomunye umuntu).
  • Isekela njalo imininingwane kumshini ofihlekile wangaphandle ongaxhunyiwe kwisisetshenziswa sakho. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ngisho noma isisetshenziswa sibanjwa, ugcina amakhophi amafayela abalulekile.

Kuzo, ukusungula izimiso ezicacile mayelana nokuseshwa kwemishini yezisebenzi nokuphathwa kokwaziswa kubalulekile. I- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) inikeza iziqondiso zemishini ehambayo ye-fonnesticscs ezigcizelela ukubaluleka kokulandela inqubo efanele neketanga lezinqubo ze-cheke.

Imiqondo Yomhlaba Wonke Enqubweni Nemishini Ezohlola

Inqubo yesivikelo ihlukene kakhulu emazweni. Ku-European Union, i-Jikelele i-Proviation (GDPR) inikeza amalungelo aqinile emfihlo, futhi i-Carter yamaLungelo [[FLT:] Amalungelo ayisisekelo[ ivikela ilungelo lokuvikela imfihlo nezokuvikela ulwazi. I-European Court of Human Rights (CRB) iye yabusa ezimweni ezifana no [FLT:] uMzalwanebow. United Kingdom ukuthi ukuqapha okukhulu komthetho kumelwe kube ngaphansi kobuphathi obuzimele kanye nokuvikela ukuxhasha. I-ECH ifuna ukuthi noma isiphi isigezo somthetho sisebenza ngentando yomphakathi, futhi isilinganiso esifanelekile somphakathi.

ECanada, i-Constitution Act inikeza isivikelo ekufuneni nokuthatheka okungacabangeli, futhi iNkantolo Ephakeme yaseCanada iye yandisa lesisivikelo ezimishinini zemishini yezibalo. R v. Featon [2014, inkantolo yathi ukuhlolwa okungenamvume kocingo lwezingcingo okungagunyazi ukuvunyelwa kuphela uma kunezizathu ezizwakalayo zokukholelwa ukuthi ubufakazi bokuboshwa busemcimbini futhi kuyadingeka ukuze kuvimbele ukulahlekelwa kwalo noma ukubhujiswa. Inqubo yaseCanada ihlanganisa ngokuqondile inqubo efanele ngokufuna ukuba ukuphenywa kocingo kubhalwe futhi iposi yezizathu.

EUnited Kingdom, Act (ngokuvamile i-"Snoopers' Charter") inikeza amandla okuhlola abanzi kodwa futhi ihlanganisa izivikelo eziningi, kuhlanganise nokuhlola nokwaziswa okufunekayo. I-Act ifuna ukuba ukuphazamisa kwemishini ehlolwayo (kuhlanganise nokuxetshulwa kwekhomputer) kukhishwe ngeqembu lamakhomishane azimele. Inqubo iqiniswa nge-Insulicatation Powers Tribunal, ezwa ukukhononda ngokuqashelwa. Nokho, abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi lomthetho awuyifuni indawo eyimfihlo ekuvikeleni izindaba zobuchwepheshe.

I-Australia's Commentnationalianary ne-An Sectivement e-Assisince (Assistance and Access) Act 2018 yakha amandla amasha okuqinisekisa ukuba umthetho ubophe izinkampani ukuba zinikeze usizo ekudluliseleni imishini. Inqubu ephakamayo iphakama ngoba isenzo singasetshenziselwa ukuphinde sifihle imishini yokufihla noma ukufaka i-software yokuhlola. Lamandla angaphansi kwemfuneko edinga isiqinisekiso, kodwa le nqubo ayikhanyiswa njalo. Emazweni amaningi, ukulinganisela phakathi kwenqubo yokuphepha nenqubo efanele kuhlala kuyimpikiswano ephikisana.

Izinselele Ezibangelwa Ukuxutshwa Kwezobuchwepheshe Nezinqubo Zesikhathi Esizayo

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, kuyophakama imibuzo emisha ngenqubo efanelekile nokuphenya ngemishini.

Ukuhlakanipha Okuklanyweyo Nezinto Ezibikezelayo

Ukuqashelwa komthetho kusebenzisa ngokuqhubekayo amathuluzi e-Al ukuhlaziya ubufakazi be-minumbe, njenge-software yokuqaphela ubuso ukuze kubonwe abasolwayo bezithombe noma ama-algorithm okufunda ngomshini ukuze kutholwe izinto ezixhashazwayo ngokobulili emafwini. Inqubo edinga ukuba la mathuluzi ahlolwe ukuze athole ukunemba nokucwaba, futhi imiphumela ikwazi ukuzifaka ekwazini. Ukuqiniseka okusekelwe kuphela emininingwaneni ye-Al-analyziz, ngaphandle kwethuba lommangalelwa lokubekela inselele inqubo yobuchwepheshe, kungangqubuza ngendlela efanele. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-AING ekuphenyeni kwamanani kumelwe kube sobala, ngezindinganiso ezicacile zalokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ukuqonda" ukuncika kwemiphume ekhiqindweni ye-alism.

I - Internet Yezinto (IoT) Nemishini Yasekhaya Ehlakaniphile

Izikhulumi ezihlakaniphile, ama-aspen, ama-ormostats, ngisho neziqandisi ziqoqa ukwaziswa okuningi ngokuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke. Amaphoyisa aye afuna ukuthatha amakhasethi emishini ye-Amazon Echo kanye nevidiyo ephuma eRings. Inqubo yemibuzo ihlanganisa: Ingabe uhulumeni ungafuna ukuba inkampani ezimele iphendule imininingwane ngaphandle kwemvume? Isiphi isaziso okufanele sinikezwe umnini-IoT? Umuntu angacela kanjani ukuphenywa isisetshenziswa esiqoshiwe njalo? futhi inqubo yokubhala impela? Impendulo ixhomeke ekutheni ukwaziswa kuthathwa njengentambo yomgwaqo (njengesemnyango womgwaqo) noma "Imfihlolomlomulo wekhaya" (njengesimendolo wangaphakathi). Inkantolo ibambe isihluthulelo salezi zimpikiswano, futhi inqubo yokushaya i-gilayense iyokwenza kanjani indima eqinisekisa ukuthi abantu ngabanye abanelungelo lokungenela ekungeneni kwabo.

Imininingwane Yezinto Eziphilayo Neqoqo Elizisebenzelayo

Amaphoyisa angasebenzisa amathuluzi anjenge-Cellebrite noma i-Gray Key ukuze adlulise izihluthulelo zocingo kanye nokwaziswa, kuhlanganise nama-biometic matente. ISichibiyelo sesihlanu singadinga ukuba umuntu angaphoqelelwa ukuba anikeze umnwe noma i-scan, kodwa acindezeleke ngokomzimba (umz., abambe ucingo ebusweni obusolwayo) aphakamise izindaba ezisobala zesine nezesiHlomelo. Inqubo ifuna ukuba noma isiphi iqoqo elinjalo liqale ngendinganiso ecacile engokomthetho, ikakhulukazi isiqinisekiso, futhi ukuba ukwaziswa kusetshenziswe kuphela ngenjongo efanelekile yokuhlola.

Isiphetho

Isimiso senqubo efanele asiwona umqondo ongokomthetho ozimele kodwa yisivikelo esinamandla okumelwe sivumelane noshintsho lwezobuchwepheshe. Njengoba izinqumo zeNkantolo Ephakeme zisezinqumweni ze-] Riley ne i-Carcenter[[, umthetho uye waqaphela kakhulu ukuthi imishini yobuchwepheshe iqukethe imininingwane ejulile kakhulu yokuphila kwethu futhi ifanelwe isivikelo somthetho-mthetho ongokomthetho. Imfuneko, ihlangene nenqubo efanelekile, nesiqinisekiso esifanelekile sesaziso esilungile, ithuba lokuzwakala, nokwengamele, yenza itshebe yokuzivikela ekuhlolweni kwezimiso ezingekho emthethweni.

Kodwa izinselele zisekhona. Isivinini sokusungulwa kwezobuchwepheshe ngokuvamile sidlula ijubane lezenzo zokwahlulela nezokushaya umthetho. Abantu ngabanye kumelwe baqaphele amalungelo abo, futhi izimiso zomthetho kumelwe ziqhubeke zicombulula izinqubo zokuhlola amanani ukuze kuqiniseki ukuthi ukuhlola akukona okungagunyazi. Ukulinganisela phakathi kwesidingo esingokomthetho sokuhlola ubugebengu kanye nelungelo lomuntu lokufuna ukuba wedwa nenqubo efanele kuyodinga ukuhlukanisa ngokucophelela. Kodwa into eyodwa icacile: ngenkathi yezibalo, inqubo efanele ayikona ukunethezeka; kuyisibopho somthetho-mthetho ovikela inkululeko ekusongweni okuvelayo kwegunya likahulumeni ofinyelelayo.

Ukuze ufunde ngokwengeziwe, i-Ectronic Foundation (EFF) ilondoloza imithombo ebanzi yomthetho wokuhlola kwezimiso zemishini[, kanye ne- yonke imibhalo ye [ i-Calter[ isinqumo sikhona kuwebhusayithi yeNkathi Ephakeme.