Ukucwasana ngeminyaka kuseyinselele egcwele ezimbonini. Uma isisebenzi noma isimemezelo somsebenzi sikholelwa ukuthi siye saphathwa ngokungafanele ngenxa yobudala baso, ukudlulisa isikhalo neziphathimandla ezifanele kungaqala ukuhlola okungokomthetho okuklanyelwe ukunquma ukuthi umthetho uphulwe yini. Ukuqonda indlela lezi zikhalo eziphenywa futhi zixazululwe ngayo kubucayi kuzo zombili izisebenzi ezicabanga ukukhipha iziphakamiso kanye nabaqashi abafisa ukuhambisana nemithetho elwa nobandlululo. Lesiqondiso sinikeza ukucaciswa okucacile kwenqubo, kusukela ekuhlolweni kokuqala, ekuphelweni, ekuhlolweni, nasekulandeleni ukuqondisa.

Ukuqonda Ukucwasana Kweminyaka Nomthetho Ongokomthetho

Ubandlululo lweminyaka lwenzeka lapho umuntu engaphathwa kahle ngenxa yobudala bakhe, ngokuvamile oluthinta izisebenzi ezineminyaka engu-40 nangaphezulu. E-United States, umthetho oyinhloko kahulumeni owenqabela ukucwaswa kweminyaka emsebenzini yi- Age Discism in Act (ADEA) ka1967. I-ADEA isebenza kubaqashi abanezisebenzi abaneminyaka engu-20 noma ngaphezulu, kuhlanganise nohulumeni bendawo, izinhlangano zemisebenzi, nezinhlangano zezisebenzi. Ivikela ukucwaswa ngokwekhethelwa ngemisebenzi, ukukhushulwa, ukuhliswa, ukuhlwithwa, ukuholelwa, ukuholelwa, nokusebenza noma izimo zemisebenzi.

Amanye amazwe anesivikelo esifanayo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-United Kingdom’s Service yoMthetho wokungalingani 2010 inqabela ukucwaswa kweminyaka esukela emsebenzini naseqenjini. I-European Union’s Empyment Exatificity inikeza uhlelo lwezimo zezifunda zokulwa nobandlululo lweminyaka. Ukuqonda umongo othile womthetho kubalulekile ngoba ukuphenya nokulawula kuyahluka.

Indima Yezimo Eziphoqelelwayo

I- Equalial Opportunity Commission (EOC) iyinhlangano kahulumeni ephethe i-ADEA e-United States. Ezingeni lombuso, izizwe eziningi zinezimiso zemisebenzi ezilungile (FEPAs) ezihlola ukucwasana ngaphansi kwemithetho kahulumeni. Kwezinye izimo, lezi zikhungo zisebenza nge-spectem ngesivumelwano somsebenzi. Izindikimba ezifanayo zikhona emhlabeni wonke, njenge- ukulingana nokulingana nokulingana ne-Orightasensity [[FLT] ku-UK [FLT] kanye ne-FLT] Ilungelo lobuntu [FFOLD] Australia [FFFFFF5] e-Australia]

Indlela Abakhononda Ngokucwasana Ngeminyaka Abakhohliswa Ngayo

Le nqubo iqala lapho umuntu efaka isikhalo esingokomthetho, ngokuvamile esibizwa ngokuthi “isikhululo sokucwasa,” engosini efanele. Ukumangalela kuyimfuneko yokufaka icala langasese ngaphansi kwe-ADEA. Ukukhononda kungafakwa ngumuntu, ngeposi, ngocingo, noma ngelayini ngocingo, noma nge-EEOC's portal. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imingcele eqinile yesikhathi iyasebenza – ngokuvamile, isimangalo kumelwe sibekwe phakathi izinsuku ezingu-180 zesenzo sokunyundela okuthiwa ngecala (kuhloselwe ukuba ubugebengu bungamele izinsuku ezingu-300 ngemithetho emelene nomthetho).

Icala kumelwe libe nemininingwane eqondile:

  • Igama eliphelele, ikheli, nokuxhumana komkhonondayo
  • Igama nekheli lomqashi (i - “trandenti ”)
  • Incazelo ecacile yesenzo sokukhipha ubandlululo okuthiwa sasenza nangesikhathi esenzeka ngaso
  • Isisekelo sobandlululo (inkathi, futhi uma lusetshenziswa, izici ezengeziwe ezivikelwe)
  • Noma yibuphi ubufakazi obufanele, njenge - email, ukubukeza indlela yokudlala, izitatimende zobufakazi, noma izincwadi zenqubo

Uma isikhalo sesithi asitholakali, inkampani ihlola ukuthi siphethwe yini futhi sibekwe isikhathi. Uma isikhululo sihluleka ukudluliswa iziphathimandla zenkampani noma siphothulwa sekwephuzile, icala lingase lisuswe, uma selimukelwa, ikhomishane izonikeza isaziso ngecala lomqashi futhi iqale ukuphenya.

Inqubo Yokuphenya Ngemininingwane

Ngemva kokuba isimangalo sesamukelwe, isigaba sophenya siqala. Umgomo wophenyo uwukuqoqa ubufakazi obanele bokuthola ukuthi kukhona yini “isizathu esinengqondo” sokukholelwa ukuthi ubandlululo lweminyaka lwenzekile. Lengxenye ivame ukusingathwa umcwaningi noma uchwepheshe wezokudla. Lenqubo ingathatha izinyanga ezimbalwa, ngezinye izikhathi kuze kube unyaka noma ngaphezulu, kuye ngokuthi udaba luyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani noma imboni ifaka isibalo.

Isabelo Nesaziso Sokuqala

Inkampani idlulisela icala kumphenyi owengamele icala. Isaziso sokumangalelwa sithunyelwa kumqashi, kanye nesicelo sokuphendula. Umqashi ngokuvamile kudingeka athumele incwadi yesikhundla esingokomthetho, engase ihlanganise amaphepha agunyaziwe nezincwadi zokulahla izikhalo. Uma ukhononda angase abe nethuba lokuphendula emazwini omqashi.

Ukuqoqwa Kobufakazi

Izindlela ezivamile zihlanganisa:

  • Imibono: Umkhono, abameleli bomqashi, nanoma imuphi ofakazi abahlobene nabo bangaxoxwa nabo ngaphansi kwesifungo noma ngokwethukela. Umphenyi angase abuze ngezinqubo zomqashi, izinqubo zokwenza izinqumo, kanye nezimo eziqondile zobandlululo oluthiwa.
  • Inkampani ingacela amafayela ezisebenzi, amarekhodi, ukuhlola umsebenzi, ukuchaza umsebenzi, izibalo zokuqasha, amarekhodi okuyala, nokukhononda ngaphakathi. Izehlakalo zobudala, imininingwane yokwehlukana kobukhulu besikhathi sezisebenzi, ukukhishwa kwemisebenzi, noma ukukhushulwa kungasiza kakhulu.
  • Kukuhlolwa okungaguquguquki: Kwezinye izimo, umseshi angavakashela indawo yomsebenzi ukuze abukeze amarekhodi omqashi, aqaphele izimo, noma axoxe ngasese nezisebenzi.
  • Ukuhlola okungaguquguqukiyo:[ [ukusho ukuthi ubandlululo lwesimiso sohlelo, abaphenyi bangahlola izindlela zokuqasha noma zokuphakamisa ukuze banqume ukuthi iminyaka yobudala inendima ebalulekile yini ezinqumweni ezimbi.

Izindinganiso Ezingokomthetho Nomthwalo Wobufakazi

Phakathi nophenyo, lenhlangano isebenzisa izindinganiso ezimisiwe zomthetho. Ngaphansi kwe-ADEA, umkhonondi kumelwe abonise ukuthi iminyaka yobudala yayiyimbangela “kodwa ye” yesenzo somsebenzi esinzima – okusho ukuthi lesisenzo sasingeke senzeke ngaphandle kokuba sifekelele. Lokhu kuyindinganiso ephakeme kune-“fekthayo” yokuhlola okusetshenziswa ngaphansi kwesihloko VII ukuze kuvulwe uhlanga noma ukucwaswa ngokobulili. Ababheki be-Investigator babheka ubufakazi obuqondile (umz., izinkulumo ezicacile ezisekelwe enkathini yobudala) noma ubufakazi obuveza isilinganiso (umz., isilinganiso sezisebenzi ezindala ezithathelwa indawo yazo abasha).

Umqashi angavikela ekumangaleleni ngokubonisa ukuthi lesi sinyathelo sasisekelwe esicini esinengqondo ngaphandle kwenkathi (RFOA), njengezidingo ezingokomthetho zebhizinisi, izindaba zomsebenzi, noma izinyathelo zokukhokha ezisetshenziswa ngokungathathi hlangothi. Nokho, umqashi kumelwe abonise ukuthi lesi sici sasetshenziswa ngokunengqondo, ngokungenaphutha, futhi hhayi njengezaba nje zokucwasa.

Izikhathi Nesikhathi Esilindelekile

I-EEOC ihlose ukuphothula uphenyo phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-180 zokuhlela, kodwa amacala anzima ngokuvamile athatha isikhathi eside. Izimo zingaba khona lapho ababambene behluleka ukusabela ngokushesha, ukucela izicelo, noma lapho abacwaningi besingatha inqwaba yamacala. Abakhonondi bangacela isaziso “esiqonde ngqo ku-"eoC ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-800, esibavumela ukuba bafake icala enkantolo kahulumeni ngisho noma ukuphenya kusaqhubeka.

Izindlela Zokunquma: Kusukela Esontweni Kuya Esinyatheloni Esingokomthetho

Uma uphenyisisa, inxusa likhipha isinqumo. Kunemiphumela emithathu eyinhloko: akukho mbangela onengqondo, imbangela enengqondo, noma ukuxazulula okufinyelelwe ngesinqumo esihlukile sempikiswano. Indlela ngayinye inemiphumela ehlukene kubo bobabili.

Asikho Isizathu Esinengqondo Sokuzimisela

Uma umseshi ethola ubufakazi obunganele bokusekela lokhu, le nhlangano izokhipha “isizathu esinengqondo” sokuzimisela futhi ikhiphe icala. Umkhalazi uthola isaziso esilungile sokudlulisela icala, abavumele ukuba bafake icala langasese phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-90. Umqashi utshelwa ukuthi ideyisekile, futhi icala livaliwe embonweni wenxusa. Nokho, umkhono angaqhubeka ephishekela ukuthatha isinyathelo esingokomthetho ngaphandle komthetho.

Imbangela Enengqondo Yokuzimisela

Uma umseshi ethola ubufakazi obanele bokukholelwa ukuthi ubandlululo luye lwavela, le nhlangano iveza “isizathu esinengqondo sokunquma”. Lokhu kubangela inqubo yokuhlanganisa, lapho inxusa lizama ukufinyelela khona indawo yokuhlala yokuzithandela phakathi kwamaqembu. Le nhlangano izoveza amakhambi akhethekile, njengokubuyiselwa, ukubuyiselwa, ukuqashwa, ukuthuthukiswa, noma ukushintsha kwenqubo. Umqashi ukhuthazwa ukuba ahlanganyele okholweni oluqinile, kodwa uma ukuvumelana kungaphumelela, lenhlangano ingafaka icala ngenxa yalowo mkhalaleli. Ngokwenqubo, iEOC amafayela afanele ngengxenye encane nje yezizathu ezinengqondo, ngokuvamile agcina icala elibalulekile noma inzuzo enkulu yokuziphatha okubi.

Ikhambi Lemithombo Yezindaba Nempi Ehlukile

Izinhlangano eziningi zinikeza ukuxhumana kokuzithandela ekuqaleni kwenqubo, ngaphambi kokuba kuqalwe uphenyo oluphelele. Isimiso sokulungisa i-EEOC sikhululekile futhi siyimfihlo. Umlamuleli ongathathi hlangothi usiza izinxulumani ukuba zixhumane futhi zihlole izixazululo ezivumelanayo. I-media ingaxazulula izingxabano ngokushesha, ngokuvamile phakathi nezinyanga ezimbalwa, futhi igweme ukucindezeleka nezindleko zokuphenya isikhathi eside noma ukuphenya. Ukuhlala ndawonye ekufuneni imvume yokulungisa ibhizinisi kungahlanganisa imbuyiselo yemali, ukubuyiselwa komsebenzi, izikhombozo ezingathathi-mfaza, noma izinqubo zomsebenzi. Akukho kudinga ukuthatha isivumelwano, futhi ukuthatha imvume yokuphenyanisa izibalo uma ihluleka.

Ukumangalelwa Nokuqulwa Kwamacala Enkantolo

Uma ukuqulwa kwecala noma ukuquliswa kwemizwa kwehluleka, futhi inhlangano inquma ukumangalela, ingafaka icala enkantolo kahulumeni. Umkhononga angafaka futhi icala langasese ngemva kokuthola isaziso sokuqulwa kwecala. Enkantolo, umthwalo wobufakazi uxhomeke ku-pointerpt ukuze kuboniswe ukuthi inkathi yayiyimbangela evimbelayo esenzweni esingafanele. Ukuqulwa kwecala kungahilela amajaji, futhi abakhokhi abaphumelelayo bangaphinde bakhokhe, baphinde bakhokhe izindleko ezingaphambili (inkokhisa kabili uma uphuzo luyimpoqo yempoqo ngamabomu), inkokhiso yommeli, futhi indiva engafaneleki njengeyokubuyiselwa. Ubungala besijeziso obunjalo bungaba nengqondo, ikakhulukazi uma abaqashi betholakala benza ngokunganaki ngenxa yomthetho.

Isivikelo Ekuphindiseleni Nokulandelela Ukuphatha

Imithetho kazwelonke ivikela ngokucacile abantu ababhala izikhalo zobandlululo zobudala ekuziphindiseleni. Ngaphansi kwe-ADEA, akuvunyelwe ukuba umqashi ajezise isisebenzi ngezenzo zokuphikisa ukulahla umthetho, ukukhipha isigwebo, ukuhlanganyela ekuphenyeni, noma ukufakazela inqubo. Ukubuyiselwa kungahlanganisa ukubulala, ukukhucululwa, ukuhlukumeza, ukuncishiswa kweholo, noma noma yisiphi isenzo esinzima. Uma kumangalelwa, isisebenzi singafaka icala elihlukene, futhi lenhlangano ingahlola kokubili ukucwasa kokuqala kanye nesenzo sokuthatha isinyathelo sokuziphendulela.

Ngemva kwesivumelwano noma kwesinqumo esiphumelelayo, izinhlangano zingalandela ukubukeza okulandelayo ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthi abaqashi baye basebenzisa amakhambi avunyelwene, njengokulungisa izimiso, ukuqeqesha, noma ukubuyisela izisebenzi ezikhundleni zazo ezifanele. Ngokwesibonelo, i-EEOC ingadinga imibiko yokulalela noma ukuhambela okuhleliwe. Lokhu kusiza ekunqandeni ukuphucwa kwesikhathi esizayo futhi kuqinise ukubaluleka kwemisebenzi ethatha iminyaka yobudala.

Imikhuba Emihle Kakhulu Abaqashi Abangakugwema Futhi Basingathe Izikhalo

Abaqashi banganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokukhononda ngokucwasa ngokuthatha izinyathelo eziphuthumayo.

  • Ukulinganisa izimiso ezicacile ezimelene nokungahleleki ezivimbela ngokuqondile ubandlululo lweminyaka kuzo zonke izinqumo zemisebenzi, ngokuqeqeshelwa njalo amamenenja nezisebenzi zeHR.
  • Izinqumo zebhizinisi zokubhala ngokucophelela - - izimpikiswano zokwenza, ukubeka izinqumo, kanye nezinqumo zokunyusela kufanele zisekelwe ekufezekeni, ezihlobene nomsebenzi ezingavikelwa uma kunenselele.
  • izibalo zenani labasebenzi [ ngezikhathi ezithile ukuveza noma yiziphi izindlela ezingase zisikisele ithonya elihlukile kuzisebenzi esezikhulile.
  • Ukuvumelana ngokushesha nangokubambisana[ lapho icala ligcinwa, lapho kubhekiswa olwazini lwezomthetho. Ukubambisana nabaphenyi nokunikeza ukwaziswa okuphelele, ukunembeka kungabonisa ukholo oluhle futhi kungafushanisa lenqubo.
  • [ Ukucabanga nge-metation kusenesikhathi sokuxazulula izingxabano ezibizayo ngokusebenza nangokuyimfihlo.

Ukubaluleka Kokumelela Ngokomthetho

Bobabili abakhalaza nabaqashi bayazuza ekuqondiseni okungokomthetho. Izisebenzi, ummeli ojwayelene nomthetho wemisebenzi angasiza ekuqoqeni ubufakazi, aqinisekise ukuthi icala libekwe phakathi kwezikhathi ezimisiwe, futhi kunikezwa ukukhokha. Abaqashi, iseluleko somthetho singasiza ekulungiseleleni izitatimende zesikhundla, ukuphenya ngaphakathi, nokuxoxa ngaphandle kokuvuma icala. Ezimweni eziningi, iseluleko somthetho sakuqala singavimbela ukungaqondani okuncane ekukhuleni ekukhonoleni.

Imibono Yomhlaba Wonke Ngokuncintisana Kweminyaka

Nakuba inqubo ye-EEOC iyinto eyinhloko eUnited States, amanye amazwe anezimiso zokusebenza. E-United Kingdom, izibalo zihlolwa Ukungalingani nokungalingani kwe-AVC neSession Service (EASSS) futhi ingalethwa enkantolo yemisebenzi. Inqubo yenkantolo ingaphezulu kakhulu ukudlula ukuphenya kwe-EEOC, ngokuvamile ihilela ukuzwa okungokomthetho. ECanada, isifundazwe ngasinye sinenkantolo yaso siqu yamalungelo abantu, ehlola futhi ikhononda ngeminyaka yobudala. I-European Union ifuna ukuba amalungu anikeze ikhambiso oluphumelelayo, futhi inezindikimba eziningi ezicuphelizayo.

Naphezu kokungafani kwezinqubo, kuvela izihloko ezivamile: ukugxila ekuqoqweni kobufakazi, amathuba okutholana noma ukuxhumana, kanye nesivikelo ekuphindiseleni. Abaqashi bomngcele wesiphambano kufanele baqaphele imithetho esendaweni ngayinye lapho besebenza khona, njengoba izijeziso nezinqubo zihluka kakhulu.

Imithombo Yezinto Nokufunda Okwengeziwe

Abantu abafuna ukwaziswa okwengeziwe bangabheka le mithombo elandelayo enegunya:

Isiphetho

Iziphathimandla zithatha izikhalo zokucwasa ngeminyaka zithatha ngokungathi sína ngoba zilulaza isimiso esiyisisekelo sethuba elifanayo emsebenzini. Inqubo yokuhlola nesokunquma, kuyilapho ngezinye izikhathi ithatha isikhathi eside, inikeza indlela ehleliwe ukuba izisebenzi zifune ubulungisa futhi abaqashi bakhulume futhi balungise imikhuba engekho emthethweni. Ngokuqonda izinyathelo ezihilelekile – ekufakeni isaziso esiningi, ngokuqoqa iqoqo lobufakazi nangokukhipha imvume, ekunikezeni incazelo futhi zilandeleni iziqondiso ezingcono kakhulu. Ekugcineni, inqubo yokukhononda okukhulu akuzona nje ikhambi abantu abalimazayo kuphela kodwa futhi futhi kusiza ekuthuthukiseni umsebenzi owenziwe ngokulinganayo noweminyaka ehlukeneyo nowengeziwe womuntu wonke umuntu.