UMthetho - sisekelo NjengoMthetho Ophakeme Wezwe

Umthetho-sisekelo we-United States awuyona nje incwadi engokomlando; uyisisekelo esiphilayo lapho zonke izinqumo zikahulumeni, uhulumeni, kanye nohulumeni wendawo zakhiwa khona. Imisa isimo sikahulumeni, ichaza amagunya egatsha ngalinye, futhi ibala amalungelo abantu. Umthetho ngamunye, umthetho wezomthetho, nesinqumo kumelwe kuthathe igunya layo futhi kuhlale kuvumelana nomthetho-sisekelo. Lesimiso sobuningi bomthetho-sisekelo siqinisekisa ukuthi akukho sikhulu noma inhlangano esebenzayo engekho engekho ngokomthetho engekho ngokomthetho esebenza ngaphandle kwemingcele ebekwe umthetho wesizwe osunguliwe. Uma izinhlangano zikahulumeni zimisa iziqondiso, lapho izimpikiswano zemithetho yemithetho echitha izikweleta, noma lapho umongameli ephawula isivumelwano, ukucatshangelwa komthetho-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho-siseko akusoze kusukanga nanini enqubweni yesinqumo.

Ukuqonda indlela uhulumeni asebenzisa ngayo uMthetho-sisekelo ukwenza izinqumo kubalulekile ezakhamuzini ezifisa ukwenza abameleli bazo balandise. UMthetho-sisekelo awusona isimiso esingaguquki semithetho; uchazwa, usetshenziswe, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ulungiswe ukuze ubhekane nezimo ezintsha. Lobu mandla okuzivumelanisa nawo kokubili angamandla ayo futhi awumsuka wempikiswano eqhubekayo mayelana nezinga elifanele lombuso kahulumeni.

Indima Yomthetho - sisekelo Ekubhaleni Umthetho

Abameli bancika kuMthetho-sisekelo ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi yonke imithetho emisha ivumelana nezimiso zomthetho-sisekelo. Uma ilungu leKhomishane liveza umthetho, iNdlu noma isiyalo somthetho weSigele sibukeza umbhalo ngokumelene noMthetho-sisekelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isilinganiso sehlela leMikhandlu ngaphansi kweSiphakamiso I. Ngokwesibonelo, iCexment Claus (ISigqi I, Ingxenye 8, Clause 3) ibiyisisekelo sezindawo ezinkulu zemithetho kahulumeni, kusukela emithetho yesizwe kuya ezindinganisweni zendawo ezungezile. Ngalesosikhathi, iSichibiyelo seshumi sisebenza njengesikhumbuzo esingekho esiqondiswe kuhulumeni esigcinelwe amazwe noma abantu, sifaka i-ehlolo-mthetho-mthetho-e - ngokomthetho.

Abenzi bomthetho bacabangela futhi amalungelo omthetho lapho bemisa umthetho. Isivumelwano esilinganisela inkululeko yokukhuluma, siletha isijeziso esinonya nesingavamile, noma sihlasela iqembu elithile lenkolo cishe singanqotshwa noma sishaywe yizinkantolo. IBhill of Rights, ikakhulukazi iSihlalo Sokuqala, sesine, nese-E80h Reformation, siwahlela ngokuqondile amahlelo okumiswa komthetho ovunyelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwahlukana komthetho-sisekelo kudinga ukuba noma yimuphi umthetho ongenisa imali eMzinziwayo eNdlweni yabameli, nokuthi izindleko kumelwe zidlulise womagumbi amabili ngendlela efanayo ngaphambi kokuba zidluliselwe kumongameli. Lezi zisithiyo ziklanywe ngomklamo: zithatha kancane inqubo yomthetho futhi zigunyaza umthetho, ziqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho iveza ukuvumelana kwemidalo enkulu kunemithetho yesikhashana.

Ngalé kwesilinganiso sikahulumeni, izishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni zisebenza futhi phakathi kwemingcele yomthetho-sisekelo. Umthetho-sisekelo woMbuso kumelwe uvumelane noMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S. ngaphansi koMbuso ka-Supremacy Claus. Imithetho yoMbuso ephikisana nesivikelo somthetho-sisekelo sombuso kahulumeni − njengaleyo ekhethayo esekelwe ohlazweni noma ebulilini − ifanelwe ukulahlwa izinkantolo zikahulumeni. Ngakho uMthetho-sisekelo unikeza indawo ehlangene yamalungelo kanye nesisekelo sokwahlukaniswe kwemithetho ehlela zonke izinqumo zemithetho engokomthetho kulo lonke izwe.

Amandla Anamandla Amangalisayo

Isilinganiso esiyinhloko somthetho-mthetho ekubekweni kwemithetho yimfundiso yamagunya adwetshiwe. Uhulumeni kahulumeni ungasebenzisa amandla awo kuphela ngoMthetho-sisekelo (noma lawo “adingekile futhi afanele” ukuba afeze lawo mandla). Lesi simiso saqinisekiswa ekuqaleni uMcloch v. Mary [1819], lapho iNkantolo Ephakeme isekela khona ukuthi iNkantolo ivumela uClause ukuba akhethe noma yiziphi izindlela, kodwa kuhlelwe ngokucacile ukuthi i-Clausle i-astingsssstude ques, ukuze kusetshenziswe amandla ayo, ukuze kuhlale kungenziwa intela futhi kungenziwangavumelani nencwadi nomoya womthetho. Lesi sinqumo esimiswe ngokubalandulo se-Congressty, kodwa isisekelo somthetho sihlala njalo. Impikiswano yeze i-Greverse producesting, noma i-mossion, noma i-ancerrensitungs.

Incazelo Yokwahlulela: Izinkantolo Njengabaquli Bomthetho - sisekelo

Ijaji lifeza indima eyinhloko ekuchazeni incazelo yoMthetho-sisekelo ezimweni ezithile. Ngamandla okuhlola ukwahlulela − kumiswe Marbury v. Madison [1803] [izinkantolo zezezimali] zingamemezela imithetho, izenzo zezikhulu, nezimiso zokuphatha ezingenalutho uma ziphula umthetho-mthetho. Leligunya liyikhohlo lokuzilungisa kwamandla kahulumeni lapho edlula imingcele engokomthetho. Uma isikhulu sibekela inselele isenzo sikahulumeni njengongahloniphi, inkantolo ihlaziya umbhalo womthetho obalulekile, injongo ye-Framers, umkhuba ongokomlando, nangaphambi kwezezehlakalo.

INkantolo Ephakeme yase-U.S., njengomlungisi wokugcina wemibuzo yomthetho-sisekelo, imisa izincazelo ezibophekile okumelwe zilandelwe yizo zonke ezinye izinkantolo nabadlali bakahulumeni. Ngokwesibonelo, Brown v. Ibhodi lemfundo[ [1954], iNkantolo yachaza iSivikeli esilinganayo sika-Celasmente weSichibiyelo se-Grandment ukuze inqande izikole zohlanga ezikoleni zomphakathi, igumbuqela i-ize i-“engile kodwa iyalingana” imfundiso. Lesinqumo saphoqeqelela ohulumeni ukuba balahle imithetho yezelo yomthetho futhi bafune igatsha ukuba liphoqeke ide i-densivation. Ngokufanayo, [FLD2:]bergev. [FLT] [20:], iNkakhulu leNkakhulu leNkathi yezelele i-Calgicromential Ize iqinise izivumelwano, i-oxlustra, ihlelwe ukuba ilungele ukuhlele izinhlangano ze

Incazelo yomthetho-mthetho ayiyona i-octalithic. Amajaji namajaji athatha amafilosofi ahlukene − ukuvikela kwe-Four Development, ukubhalwa kwemibhalo yokuqala, ukulawulwa komthetho-sisekelo, okusebenza ngendlela evumelana ngayo nezincwadi ezimweni ezintsha. Lokhu kungafani kwefilosofi kuthonya ezindabeni ezisukela ekukhipheni isisu (ilungelo lokungena emthethweni wemfihlo ngaphansi kwe-Theast Procession Claus) ukuqapha i-ivikelo (Izigwebo ze-Fourth Resolmentsmements productal producessss). Kungakhath'indlela yokuthatha inqubo, izinkantolo zisebenza njengendlela yokuhlola inqubo yomthetho nezimiso ezingase-mthetho-siseko ezingase-mfacrective.

Imfundiso Yokuvumelana Nezincwadi Zelungelo

IBill of Rights ekuqaleni yasebenza kuhulumeni kahulumeni kuphela. Nokho, ngemva kweMpi yoMnyango weSiphendulo we 145 i-Active Process Claus yaba imoto “yokunikeza imvume” iningi lalezozivikelo kuhulumeni nasehulumenini bendawo. Ngochungechunge lwezinqumo zeNkantolo Ephakeme, inkululeko enjengamazwi, ukunyathelisa, ukuhlangana, nelungelo lokululeka kwenziwa ukuba kusebenze ezizweni. Le nqubo iqinisekisa ukuthi amalungelo omthetho-sisekelo ahlangene phesheya kwezwe futhi wonke amazinga kahulumeni ahlonipha inkululeko efanayo eyisisekelo. Uma kumiswa imithetho yezempatho zezempatho noma imithetho yemfundo, kumelwe balandise ngalamalungelo ahlanganisiwe enkantolo yombuso.

Izinqumo Eziqondisayo Nomthetho - sisekelo

Igatsha eliphethe, eliholwa nguMongameli, lithatha igunya lalo eSiphakamisweni II soMthetho-sisekelo. Imibuso kamongameli ihlanganisa ukukhonza njengoMphathi weNkulumbuso yamabutho ahlomile, ukunikeza ukuxolelwa, ukuzwana (neSishaya-mthetho sokuvumelana), ukumisa amajaji kahulumeni, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho iqedwe ngokwethembeka. Nokho, la mandla akhona angenamkhawulo. Umthetho-sisekelo uphoqelela ukuba izivumelwano zihlole isenzo sobuphathi, njengemfuneko yokuba izivumelwano zithole imvume yeSigele esinesithathu nesokumiswa kukamongameli ukuba ziqiniswe iSishayamthetho. Igunya lokumemezela impi yeSishayamthetho, hhayi umongameli, nakuba umongameli ngokuvamile eye wasebenzisa amandla ngaphandle kokuzisho okusemthethweni ngaphansi kwegunya noma isimemezelo sokubusa.

Iziqondiso zesikhulu ziyithuluzi elinamandla lokulungisa inkambiso ngaphandle komthetho omusha, kodwa kumelwe zibe nesisekelo somthetho-mthetho noma somthetho-mthetho. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthathelwa phansi kwezinsimbi zikaMongameli Truman ngo 1952 ukuze avimbele ukushaywa kwempi phakathi neMpi yaseKorea kwashaywa iNkantolo Ephakeme intsha eshaye i-Stown Comment Comment Comment= Commentap & Tube Co. v. Saayter ngenxa yokuthi isenzo sasingenamthetho noma imvume yomthetho. Isinqumo seNkantolo siqinise isimiso sokuthi umongameli akakwazi ukudala umthetho ngokungenacala. Muva nje, iziyalezo zokufuduka, umthetho wendawo, nesenzwe sokwenqaba ukuhlukanisa izimpikiswano zomthetho noma ukuhlukanisa iziyalezo.

Abaholi futhi basebenzisa inqubo yakwamanye amazwe kanye nemibuso yokulondeka yesizwe ehlola imingcele yomthetho-sisekelo. Impikiswano yeSinqumo seWar Powers Comment, izinhlelo zokuhlola ngaphansi kwe-International Surveillance Act (FISA), kanye nokusetshenziswa kwebutho lezempi ngaphandle kwemvume engokomthetho bonke baphakamisa imibuzo engokomthetho-mthetho. Igatsha eliphethe livame ukubuza iHhovisi leSishaya-mthetho ukuze liqinisekise izenzo ezivumelana nemingcele yomthetho-mthetho ngaphambi kokuba zithathwe. Lenqubo yokubukezwa okungokomthetho iyindlela eyinhloko yokugcina izinqumo zegatsha eliphethe ngaphakathi komthetho omthetho oweqaphe.

Amasheke Nokulinganisela Okusetshenziswayo

Isimiso soMthetho-sisekelo sokuhlola nokulinganisela akuyona indlela ecatshangelwayo; inqubo ephilayo ehlela cishe zonke izinqumo ezinkulu zikahulumeni. ISishaya-mthetho sihlola umongameli ngokulawula uhlelo lwemali, izivumelwano zokugunyaza, ukumisa, futhi-in ezicathulweni ezedlulele-ne-argentings, nokususa umongameli. Umongameli uhlola iSishaya-ngqungquthela ngokusebenzisa amandla emithetho. I-judicariary zombili amagatsha ngokuhlola umthetho womthetho womthetho kanye nezenzo zesikhulu. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho gatsha elilodwa elingabusa futhi kudinga ukubambisana noma izinqubo ezingekho ngokomthetho.

Isibonelo esivelele yinqubo ye-veto: umongameli angase anqabe ukusayina isikhwama, kodwa uMkhandlu ungawudlulisa u-veto ngevoti yama-3 amabili emagumbini womabili. Lamandla axoxisana futhi ahlehlise. Esinye isibonelo ukuqinisekiswa kwamajaji eNkantolo Ephakeme, lapho iseluleko seSigeqe namandla avumayo kuvumela ukuba uvimbele abamele abamele ababhekwa njengabangaphandle kwe-custom. Usongo lokubukeza umthetho futhi uvimbe abamisi-mthetho; bavame ukubuza imibuzo yemithetho yemithetho phakathi kokuzwa nokulungisa izikwenziwa ukuze bagweme ukushaywa. Lokhu kuxhumana kwansuku zonke phakathi kwamagatsha, kuqondiswa umbhalo omthetho namasiko, kugcina uhulumeni besesilinganisweni.

Isimiso sihlanganisa nesinqumo sempi. Uma amabhukwana egatsha aphethe noma ubufakazi obuvela kuKhongolo-kamuva, kuvame ukuphakama izingxabano ngenxa yelungelo lobuphathi kanye negunya. Lokhu kucindezeleka komthetho-sisekelo ngokuvamile kuxazululwa ngengxoxo, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kuholela ekuhlawuliseni (umz., United States v. Nixon, 1974). Indima yeNkantolo Ephakeme yezimpi ezinjalo iqinisa isikhundla sejaji eliphethe njengekhomba impikiswano yomthetho-mthetho.

Inqubo Yesichibiyelo: Indlela Umthetho - sisekelo Oshintsha Ngayo

Uhulumeni futhi usebenzisa uMthetho-sisekelo ngenqubo yawo yokulungisa, evumela izinguquko ezingokomthetho kulombhalo ngokwawo. ISiphakamiso V sinikeza izindlela ezimbili zokulungisa: ngevoti ephindwe kathathu kuzo zombili izindlu zomkhandlu noma ngomhlangano womthetho-sisekelo obizwa ngama-triatersmeters ombuso. Ukukhuliswa kudinga izinqumo ezintathu kwezine zezindlu zomthetho-mthetho noma zemihlangano. Lesi siqobo esiphakeme siqinisekisa ukuthi izinguquko ezikhona ekusungulweni komthetho sisekelo zibonisa ukuvumelana okubanzi, okuhlala njalo.

Izinguquko ezingu-7 zibonisa indlela uMthetho-sisekelo oye wavunyelelwa ngayo ukuba ulwelwele ukungalungi okungokomlando, izinguquko zobuchwepheshe, kanye nezindinganiso eziguquguqukayo zomphakathi. ISichibiyelo seshumi elinesishiyagalo seSichibiyelo seSiphazamiso seshumi nambili sanwetshwa amalungelo okuvota kwabesifazane; iSichibiyelo seSiphazamiso sesithupha sehlisa iminyaka engu-20 yokuvota sibe yi-18. Ukulungisa okudingekayo kweminyaka yotshani, ukuhlanganisa impikiswano yesivumelwano, nokushaya indiva. Inqubo yokulungisa ngokwayo iyisinqumo ngokwaso sokwenza imboni: lapho amagatsha ezombangazwe nejajiyadiary kungenakuyixazulula inkinga yomthetho, abantu bangaqeda impikiswano entsha. Impikiswano yokulungisa umthetho wemithetho emicimbini efuna inzuzo, umkhankaso wezimali, futhi amalungelo alingana namalungelo abesifazane aqhubeke ekhona ekwamukeleni kwemithetho emikhulu.

Kubalulekile ukuthi inqubo yokulungisa inqubo yokuhlola ukuphambana nokwahlulela. Uma iNkantolo Ephakeme ichaza uMthetho-sisekelo ngendlela iSishaya-mthetho nezindawo ezingavumelani ngayo, bangasebenzisa inqubo yokulungisa-ne--inguquko leyo ncazelo. Lokhu kwenzeke kanye kuphela (ISichibiyelo seshumi Nenye esibekwe phezu kwegunya Chisholm v. Georgia[]), kodwa kungenzeka kulokhu kuyisiphephelo somthetho-mscrini.

Ubumbano Nendima Ka - United States

UMthetho-sisekelo uhlukanisa amandla phakathi kukahulumeni kahulumeni wezwe nezwe, ngegunya ngalinye elisebenzisa iziphathimandla ezihlukene. Lesi sakhiwo sobukhosi obubili, esibizwa ngokuthi i-constancial, sidinga womabili amazinga kahulumeni ukwenza izinqumo ezizizo. ISichibiyelo seshumi siqinisa ukuthi wonke amagunya anawo angenagunya agunyawe uhulumeni kahulumeni. Ngenxa yalokho, amazwe enza imithetho yawo siqu ezindabeni ezinjengemfundo, impahla, izivumelwano, umthetho wobugebengu, nempilo nokuphepha. Nokho, i-Supremacy Clausle uqinisekisa ukuthi uma umthetho kahulumeni ungqubuzana nomthetho osemthethweni kahulumeni, umthetho kahulumeni uyaphumelela.

Umthetho uthonya ukwenza isinqumo ezindaweni ezinjengomthetho wendawo ezungezile, insangu, nokugcinwa kwabantu abahlala kwamanye amazwe. Ngokwesibonelo, izikhulu zikahulumeni zingagunyaza umthetho we-cannabis ukuze zisebenzise izinkonzo zezokwelapha noma zokuzijabulisa phakathi kwemingcele yazo, kodwa umthetho kahulumeni uyaqhubeka uhlukanisa i-cannabis njengesimiso sokulawula. Lokhu kucindezela kudala impikiswano eqhubekayo engokomthetho eqhubekayo ngobukhulu bezentengiselwano nohlelo lwezentengiselwano. Ngokufanayo, izivumelwano zezindawo zokusebenza ezivimbela ukubambisana neziphathimandla zezwe zokufuduka ziphakamisa imibuzo ephathelene nezimiso zokulwa nomthetho-Stentavis-gement [1] Umqondo wokuthi uhulumeni wezwe ungenakho ukuyala izikhulu ukuba zibophe umthetho kahulumeni. [FLT:] printz.[FLT][FLD][9][9][1997] nezinye izimo ezisekela ukubusa kwemithetho.

Abalawuli nezishayamthetho zikahulumeni bahlala belinganisela lemingcele yomthetho-sisekelo lapho benza isimiso. Kumelwe baqinisekise ukuthi izenzo zikahulumeni aziphuli i-Encictal Protection Claus, i-Claus, noma eminye imingcele encishisiwe yezomthetho-mthetho. Ngaleyondlela uMthetho-sisekelo unikeza kokubili iphansi (amalungelo abantu ngabanye) nophahla olungaphezulu (ukuphakama) lapho kwenziwa khona izinqumo zikahulumeni.

Ukuvikela Amalungelo Abantu Ngabodwa: Isiqinisekiso Samalungelo Nangaphezulu

Isisekelo sokubusa komthetho-sisekelo ukuvikela inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye. IBhili yamaLungelo limisa inkululeko eyisisekelo uhulumeni angenakuyivala. Uma uhulumeni enza izinqumo ngokushaya umthetho, ukuhleleka kweziphathimandla, noma ukwenza ukubusa okumelwe kuhloniphe isivikelo seSichibiyelo sokuqala senkulumo, inkolo, ukunyathelisa, ukuhlangana, nokunxusa; ilungelo leSichibiyelo sesibili lokugcina nokuphatha izikhali; iSichibiyelo Sesine esinqabela ukuphenya nokuqubuka okungalawuleki; iSiphendulo Sesihlanu neseSihlanu senqubo efanelekile nokuqulwa ngokulunga; neSigqi seSigqi iSiphendumiso seNguqulo sokuvinjelwa okungokomthetho okungokomthetho nokulungayo; kanye nesijeziso seSishiyagalo seNhlalo esingu esiphezulu nesonya futhi esingavamile.

Lamalungelo awaphelele; uhulumeni angawalawula uma engabonisa isithakazelo esishukumisayo nokuthi lomthetho ulinganiswe kancane (ukuhlola okuningi). Ngokwesibonelo, imingcele enkulumweni yezombangazwe, iminikelo, nemikhuba engokwenkolo yonke iye yabekwa ukuze kucaciswe imingcele yomthetho-sisekelo. Uhulumeni usebenzisa uMthetho-sisekelo njengesiqondiso sokwenza izinqumo ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi noma isiphi isephulo emalungelweni sivunywa isithakazelo sikahulumeni esibalulekile futhi sisetshenziswa ngendlela elulaza.

ISichibiyelo se 14 seSiphendulo Esihlangene no-Exchange Claus siye saba esibaluleke kakhulu ekulolongeni izinqumo zikahulumeni ngokuhlelwa nokucwaswa. Uhlanga, ubulili, imvelaphi yobuzwe, nezinye izigaba ezisolwayo zibangela ukuqashelwa kokwahlulela. Abaqashi bomphakathi, amayunivesithi, kanye nezinhlangano ezikhona kumelwe baklame izimiso ezisindayo. Ngakho uMthetho-sisekelo uthonya ngokuqondile ukuvuma izinhlelo, ukuvota amabalazwe, nezinzuzo zezisebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Uctroocracy Claus evikela amalungelo angaphansi komshado, ukukhuliswa kwabazali, kanye nokulawulwa kwenkululeko, okuye kwachazwa izinkantolo ngokuthi “inqaba ukuvikelwa kwenkululeko ekhethekile.

Umthetho wanamuhla ongokomthetho uyaqhubeka wandisa ukusebenza kwalezi sivikelo ezintweni ezintsha, njengokuzifihla kobulili, ubulili, nokuhlakanipha kokwenziwa. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bushintsha, uhulumeni kumelwe achaze futhi asebenzise izimiso zomthetho-sisekelo ezimweni ezintsha. Lokhu kudinga ukuhlaziywa kokucophelela kwencazelo yokuqala, izenzakalo zezenhlalakahle, kanye nezimo zezenhlalo.

UMthetho - sisekelo Ophilayo Nezimpikiswano Ezichazayo

Nakuba umbhalo woMthetho-sisekelo umisiwe, ukusebenza kwawo kushintsha ngencazelo yokwahlulela. Izikole ezimbili ezibanzi ezichazayo zibusa izinkulumo zomthetho-sisekelo waseMelika: umthetho-sisekelo nomthetho-sisekelo ophilayo. Izazi zoqobo ziphikisa ngokuthi ulimi lomthetho-sisekelo kufanele luchazwe ngokwencazelo yalo yomphakathi ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwe-ratiation. Izazi zomthetho-sisekelo ziphikisa ukuthi amagama abanzi aleli dokhumende `afana “nenqubo engaphambili,” kanye“ nesivikelo esilinganayo nenqaba'”" [ne-“cruel nengajwayelekile""" kumelwe ichazwe ngokwencazelo ecacile ngokwezinzuzo kanye kanye nangencazelo yezingamanani kanye nezimo zamanje.

Lemiphumela engafani yefilosofi iholela ekuhlukahlukaniseni kwemiphumela emacala ahilela ukushada kobulili, ukukhipha isisu, amalungelo ezibhamu, kanye namandla okuphatha. Uhulumeni, uwonke, awuyilandeli indlela eyodwa yokuchaza; igatsha ngalinye liletha umbono walo siqu. Omongameli bangasebenzisa izinkulumo zokusayina ukuze bachaze incazelo yabo engokomthetho; uMkhandlu ungadlulisela imithetho ngokuthola okucacile ukuze usekele ukuvumelana komthetho-mthetho-mthetho; izinkantolo zimemezela ukucabanga kwazo ngemibono. Lokhu kuveza kwamazwi amaningi kuthuthukisa izinqumo zomthetho-mthetho kodwa futhi kudala izingxabano zezikhathi ezithile nokungaqiniseki.

Ekugcineni, ukusebenzisa kukahulumeni uMthetho-sisekelo kuyinqubo esebenzayo, eqhubekayo. Awuhileli izinkantolo kuphela kodwa futhi uhilela izishayamthetho, iziphathi-mthetho, izinhlangano zokuphatha, nabantu ngokwabo. Zonke izinqumo zikahulumeni ezithinta amalungelo noma amandla ziyithuba lokubuyisa umbhalo woMthetho-sisekelo, umlando, nezimiso. Lokhu kuthembeka embusweni womthetho-sisekelo yilokho okuqinisekisa ukuthi irepublic yentando yeningi yaseMelika ihlala igxilile emthethweni futhi inomthwalo wemfanelo wayo wokusungula.