Indlu yabameleli ime njengegumbi loMkhandlu oklanyelwe ukubonisa intando yabantu, amalungu ayo ekhethelwa njalo ngemva kweminyaka emibili ezifundeni eziphesheya kwezifunda. Imibuso yawo engokomthetho kanye nokulinganiselwa kuchaza indawo yemithetho, kuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho negatsha elingabusa. Ukuqonda ngokuqondile lokho iNdlu engakwenza futhi engenakukwenza kubalulekile ekuqondeni ukuthi umthetho kahulumeni ungenziwa kanjani, ukuthi izikhulu zibhekwa kanjani zinecala, nokuthi ukulinganisela kwegunya kusebenza kanjani kuhulumeni waseU.S.

Amandla Omthetho Omthetho Oyikholisha: Umsuka Wezincwadi Zemali Nemithetho Evamile

Amandla ayisisekelo kakhulu eNdlu yabameleli yindima yayo enqubweni yomthetho. Ngokwesibonelo, i-House of the Readers I, iSiqeshana 7 soMthetho-sisekelo, zonke izikweletu zokuphakamisa inzuzo kumelwe zivele eNdlu. Lo "sigaba" sinikeza indlu imvume ekhethekile yokukhokha intela, izimemezelo, nokusebenzisa imali kahulumeni. I-House House ne-Fray Ash Committee, ngokwesibonelo, inegunya eliyinhloko phezu kwentela, ukuhwebela, ukuhwebela, kanye nezinhlelo ezigunyazazisayo njenge-Social Security and Medicareasare. Noma isiphi isiphaka sokuphakamisa noma ukukhipha intela okuphansi kumelwe sidlule ngendlu ngaphambi kokuba iSigele sicabange.

Ngaphandle kwenkokhelo, iNdlu ingahlela futhi idlulise noma yimuphi umthetho kahulumeni, nakuba leyomithetho idinga ukuvunyelwa kweSigele kanye nokusayinwa kukaMongameli (noma ama-35 enqotshwe i-veto). Inqubo yomthetho wendlu ihlelwe kahle kakhulu. UBills kuqala ibhekiswa ekomitini ehlobene, lapho kugcinwa khona ukuzwa, ukulungiseka kucatshangelwa, futhi kwenzeka isigqebhezana. Ngemva kokuvunyelwa yikomiti, imvume imvume ibhalisa iNdawo yendlu ukuze iqhutshwe impikiswano ngaphansi kwemithetho emiswe yi-House Providence, elawula ubude bengxoxo nezinhlobo ze-andex evunyelwe. Le nqubo yekomiti yenza ukuba kube nokulawula okukhulu kweqembu elikhulu ekufikeni phansi.

Indima Yamakomiti Amile

Amakomiti amile endlu, njenge-Judiciary, i-Appropriations, ne-Energy and Commerce, asebenzisa igunya elikhulu. Angabulala izikweletu ngokumane zingazicabangi, noma angamisa umthetho ngokulungisa. Izihlalo zamakomiti, ezisuka eqenjini elikhulu, zihlela ukuzwa nokuhlelwa kwezinhlelo. Indlu futhi isebenzisa amakomiti okukhetha uphenyo oluqondile, njenge-January 6 Khet Committee, eyayinamandla angaphansi kwe-poena nekhono lokuvala izimemezelo zomphakathi. Le komiti ivumela indlu ukuba ikwazi ukuhlanganisa futhi ihlole izindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunasegumbini eligcwele.

Izindlela Zokuhamba Nemithetho Eyinhloko

Ngokungafani neSigele, indlu isebenza kakhulu ngaphansi komthetho omkhulu. Akukho mphathi endlini, futhi impikiswano ilinganiselwe ngokomthetho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iningi lingakhipha umthetho neningi lalabo abakhona nabavota, uma nje belondoloza isijeziso seqembu. U-Speaker wendlu, okhethwe yiningi, unethonya elinamandla ekuhlelweni kwesakhiwo saphansi, izabelo zekomiti, nezinhlelo zemithetho. Lokhu kuvumela iNdlu ukuba isebenze ngokushesha ekucindezeleni izindaba, nakuba kusho ukuthi isigaba esincane somfakela singancishwa.

Ukufuna Igunya: Amandla Aphansi Okumangalela

Indlu iphethe amandla akhethekile kuziphathimandla zikahulumeni, kuhlanganise noMongameli, uMongameli, noMahluleli. Ukuqamba icala kufana nokumangalelwa okungokomthetho. IKomiti yendlu yoMdindiswa ihlola futhi ifake izinhlelo zezihloko zokuphoqa, ezibe sezivotelwa yindlu yonke. Ivoti elivamile liyanele ukuba lingamlahli. Uma isikhulu siphoqelelwe, asisuswa esikhundleni; ukususwa kudinga ukuqulwa kwecala eSihlalweni segelethi, futhi kufuneke ivoti ehlwini.

Izibonelo ezingokomlando zibonisa amandla aleligunya. UMongameli u-Andrew Johnson wasolwa kabili ngo-1868 ngenxa yokwephula umthetho we-Tenare of Office Act, kodwa iSigele samkhulula ngevoti eyodwa. Umongameli uBill Clinton wajeziswa ngecala nangomthetho ngo-1998, futhi wakhululwa. UMongameli Donald Trump wanikezwa isigwebo kabili: okokuqala ngo-2019 ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kabi kwamandla nokuvinjelwa kweSishayamthetho, futhi ngo-2021 ngenxa yokugqugquzela ukuvukelwa kwe-Tristry, kokubili okuphumela ekuhlolweni kweNkampela. Amandla asebenza njenge-ehlolo kumphathi omkhulu noma umthetho owe-mthetho, kodwa isimo sawo sezombangazwe sisho umphumela ovame ukulawulwa kweqembu.

Indima YeKomiti Yomculo

IKomiti ye Home ingumphathi wesango lokungagunyazi. Iqhuba uphenyo, ibamba izimemezelo, nezihloko ezidwetshwayo. Isihlalo sayo singaphoqa amapeyansi ukuba acindezele ubufakazi nezincwadi ezivela egatsheni eliphethe ihhovisi. Nokho, indlu iyonke ingavota futhi ukuba inikeze imvume ngaphandle kwekomiti, njengoba kwenzeka kuMongameli uTrump's, owadlula ikomiti ngenxa yokuphuthuma. Lokhu kuvumelana kubonisa ukuthi indlu ilawula inqubo yayo yokuzivotela.

Ukulinganiselwa: Lokho Indlu Engenakukwenza Yodwa

Amandla endlu akunakwenzeka ngokuphelele. Izithiyo zomthetho-sisekelo eziningi nezimiso zemvelo ziyivimbela ekusebenzeni ngaphandle kokusebenza kamuva.

Kudingeka Imvume Yesigele Ukuze Kwenziwe Umthetho

Akukho mthetho odluliswa yiNdlu ngaphandle kokuba iSigele sidlulise inguquko efanayo. Indlu ayinakudlula iSigele. Uma lamakamu amabili eveza izinguqulo ezihlukene, ikomiti yengqungquthela yamalungu kuzo zombili kumelwe ivumelane nokungafani kokugcina, futhi womabili amakamu kumelwe avumele ukuyekethisa kokugcina. Ukumelela okulinganayo kweSigele (isifunda ngasinye) nemithetho yaso isho ukuthi iNdlu kumelwe ikhulumisane noma yamukele izinguquko zeSigele.

Umongameli uVeto

Ngisho noma womabili amagumbi edlulisa isikweleti, uMongameli angasikhipha. Indlu ingazama ukudlulisa i-veto ngevoti yama-bipartina amabili-mithathu, kodwa lokhu kudinga ukusekela okukhulu okungavamile. Ukukhomba okubizayo kuye kwaphumelela cishe amaphesenti amane kuphela esikhathi kusukela kumongameli kaGeorge Washington. UMongameli unikeza umhloli onamandla eMthethweni wendlu odlulisiwe.

Ngeke Ikwazi Ukumemezela Impi Ngedwa

UMthetho-sisekelo unikeza uMkhandlu wonke amandla okumemezela impi. Indlu ayinakuqala ukulwa okuhlomile. Nakuba uMongameli engayala ukuba kuhlaselwe impi ngaphansi kweSinqumo seMpi ngaphandle kokuvunyelwa yingqungquthela, i House ingavala izimali noma izinqumo zokuvimbela ukulwa. Nokho, isimemezelo esingokomthetho sempi sidinga isinqumo esihlanganyelwe yiwo womabili amakamu futhi sasayinwa nguMongameli.

Ngakhoni Ukunikeza Izivumelwano Ze - Rafisence Noma Ukuqinisekisa Ukunqunywa

ISigele sinamandla akhethekile okuhlanganisa izivumelwano ze-rayfy (ngokuvota okungama-3 amabili) nokuqinisekisa ukumiswa komongameli (ngevoti eningi). Indlu ayinandima kulezi zinqubo. Ngokwesibonelo, iNdlu ayinakuvimbela iNkantolo Ephakeme noma isivumelwano esinjenge-Paris Climate Agreement Aregiment. Lokhu kuyi-asymmetry ehlola ngamabomu izifiso ezinkulu zendlu, iqinisekisa ukuthi izifunda nenkokeli zihlanganyela kulezi zinqumo ezibucayi.

Awukwazi Ukuwulawula Umthetho - sisekelo

Ukuguqula uMthetho-sisekelo kudinga amavoti amabili-mithathu kokubili endlu naseSihlalweni (noma umhlangano womthetho-sisekelo obizwa ngama-3 anezishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni), olandelwa ukuhlanjululwa ngezingxenye ezintathu ezine zezwe. Indlu iyodwa ayinakumisa noma iphelelise ukubuyiselwa. Ngisho noma i House ingadlula i-antementation ehlongoziwe, ifa eSigeqeni ngaphandle kokuba leso gumbi sivuma.

Amasheke Nokulinganisela: Indlu Esesimisweni

Imibuso yendlu ifakwe kulwembu lwe-check oluhlanganisa iSigele, uMongameli, nejaji likahulumeni. Ukuqonda lokhu kuhlangana kuyisihluthulelo sokubona ukuthi indlu inamathonya futhi iboshwe kanjani namanye amagatsha.

Ukuhlangana NeSigele

Indlu neSigele zihlanganyela amandla omthetho kodwa zinendima ezingafani. Inzuzo yendlu ilinganiswa ngekhono leSigele lokulungisa izikweleti zemali (nakuba iSigele asinakukwazi ukuphakamisa inzuzo kuqala). Iseluleko seSigele kanye nemvume yokumiswa kanye nezivumelwano zivumela ukumiswa kwendlu. Ngokwesibonelo, i House ingamvimbela umahluleli, kodwa iSigele kumelwe sihlulele ukususa. Lengxenye ivimbela noma igumbi ekulawuleni izilungiselelo zikahulumeni noma izinhlangano zezimiso zamazwe angaphandle.

Ukuqondisa Okuphethe

Indlu inamagunya anamandla okuqondisa phezu kwegatsha eliphethe. AmaKomiti angakhipha ubufakazi obungaphansi komphathi-ndlu, aphathe izimemezelo, futhi afune izincwadi ezigunyaziwe. Lobu mbuso bokuhlola buyi-search on the profectors. Nokho, uMongameli angasho ukuthi unelungelo lokugodlela ulwazi, okuholela ezimpini ezingokomthetho okumelwe izinkantolo zizenze. Indlu ayinakuphoqelela ubufakazi obuvela kuMongameli ngokwakhe ngaphandle komyalo wenkantolo, njengoba kuboniswa [[FLT: 0] Trump v. Mazars icala eliphakeme, elibeka iziqondiso zemibhalo ye-mipalionstiary poicers.

Ukubukeza Kokwahlulela

Izinkantolo zeFederal zingashaya imithetho edluliswa yiNdlu (neSishaya - mthetho) uma iphula umthetho. Amandla eNkantolo Ephakeme okuhlola, asungulwe emabunzini ocingo olungenamthetho. , iwukuhlolwa okuqondile kwemithetho. Ngisho noma iNdlu idlulisa umthetho ngokusekela okukhulu, ingalahlwa yisinqumo senkantolo. Ngokwesibonelo, iNkantolo ithe imithetho edluliselwe eMnyango yezentengo yomkhankaso, amalungelo embalo, nezisulo.

Amandla Okuthenga

Indlu ilawula ukuxhaswa kwezimali zikahulumeni ngamandla ayo okulawula. Inganqaba ukuxhasa izinhlelo noma izinhlangano zonke, inqabela ngokuphumelelayo isenzo sokuphatha. "Amandla esikhwama" angenye yeziphetho ezinamandla kakhulu kumongameli. Nokho, iSigele kumelwe sidlulise futhi izikweleti zokukhokha, futhi uMongameli angawakhipha. Ukuvala kwenzeka uma iNdlu neSishayamthetho zingenakuvumelana ngemali, ziveza imingcele yokulawula kweNdlu.

Amanye Amandla Omthetho - sisekelo Walendlu

Ngaphandle komthetho nokungahleleki, le Ndlu inamanye amagunya amaningana alawula ukubusa kwesizwe.

Ukukhethwa KukaMongameli Ekukhetheni Okunempikiswano

Uma kungekho mvoti othola amavoti amaningi kaMongameli, i House ikhetha uMongameli kwabathathu abaphezulu. Iqembu ngalinye lithola ivoti eyodwa, futhi iningi lezifundazwe (okungenani 26) kudingeka liphumelele. Lokhu kuye kwenzeka kabili emlandweni: ngo-1800 (Thomas Jefferson) nango-1824 (John Quincy Adams). Indlu futhi ikhetha uMongameli uma iSigele sihluleka ukuphula uthayidi ekholijini lokhetho. Lamandla agcizelela indima yendlu njengomabhandeko wokugcina umongameli.

Ukuxoshwa Kwamalungu

Indlu ingaxosha ilungu ngevoti yama-2. Ukuxosha akuvamile futhi kugcinelwe ukuziphatha okubi okungathi sína, njengokuvukela umbuso noma ukonakala. Amalungu axoshiwe alahlekelwa isihlalo futhi kumelwe athathelwe indawo ukhetho olukhethekile. Indlu ingawasola noma isole amalungu ngevoti elula, enganzima kakhulu. Lamandla angaphakathi abalulekile ekulondolozeni izindinganiso zokuziphatha.

Amandla Okuhlola Nawabantu Abangaphansi

Indlu inegunya eliyifaklelo lokuhlola elithi "ekusizeni kwemisebenzi ye-avigino." Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingaba ofakazi abangaphansi kwe-pona nezincwadi ukuze yazise umthetho noma ukwengamela. Nokho, ukuphenya kumelwe kufeze injongo engokomthetho yemithetho, hhayi nje ukuhlupha umphathi. INkantolo Ephakeme iye yasekela amandla abanzi ophengululo ezicaleni njenga [Mcrain v. Daughhery [197] [197] kanye [[FLT]] ne-[FLT] v. United States [197] [197]), nakuba kunemingcele ngokuphathelenelungelo lomuntu ngamunye nelungelo lokuphatha.

Imithetho Yomthetho - sisekelo Neziyalezo Zemithetho

Ngaphandle kokuhlola okungaphandle, le House ingaphansi kwemithetho yangaphakathi nemingcele evimbela izenzo zayo.

Ukuzitika Ngezikhundla Zokukhulekela Nezikhundla Zanamuhla

UMthetho-sisekelo ufuna ukuba noma isiphi isiphakamiso sidlulise amagumbi afanayo futhi sidluliselwe kuMongameli. Indlu ayinakudlula "iziphakamiso" ezinamandla omthetho ngaphandle kokuba idlule kulenqubo. Izinqumo ezilula (njengeziveza umqondo wendlu) azinawo amandla angokomthetho futhi zimane nje ziyizinkulumo. Lokhu kuvimbela iNdlu ukuba ithathe umthetho ngaphandle kweSigele noMongameli.

Imvelaphi Yemali Ngokuyisisekelo

Indatshana yokusungula ayiphelele. ISigele singahlongoza ukulungisa izikweleti zemali ekhokhwa ekhaya, futhi lezo zinguquko zinganyusa inzuzo ngokuphumelelayo. INkantolo Ephakeme iye yawachaza kabanzi la magama, ivumela iSigele ukuba sisebenzise ulimi lwaso siqu lwemali uma nje isibalo sokuqala siqalile eNdlu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inzuzo yendlu ingokwenzuzo kodwa ayiyona ephansi ekusebenzeni.

Ukulinganiselwa Kwezikhathi Nokuhlinzwa Okuqhubekayo

Amalungu endlu akhonza izinqumo zeminyaka emibili ngaphandle kwemingcele yeminyaka. Yonke indlu ikhethwa njalo ngemva kweminyaka emibili, iwenza ube umthwalo wemfanelo oqonde kakhulu kubavoti. Nokho, lokhu kusho futhi ukuthi iNdlu ingashintsha ngokuphawulekayo ekulawuleni iqembu ngemva kokhetho olulodwa. Indlu futhi kumelwe iphinde igunyaze ukusetshenziswa kwayo minyaka yonke ngokuphoqelela ukuxoxisana njalo. Ngokwesibonelo, i House ayinakudlulisela izingqungquthela zemali zesikhathi esizayo ezibophayo iminyaka eminingi.

Imingcele Emandla E - “i - milpona ”

Nakuba iNdlu inemibuso enamandla, ayinakubaphoqelela ngaphandle kosizo lokwahlulela. Indlu ingabalulaza abantu ngabanye abadelele iSishaya-mthetho, kodwa lokho kuyisela eliyisa eMnyangweni woMahluleli, onqumayo ukuthi kufanele athweswe icala yini. Indlu ingaphinde imangalele ukuphoqelela amaphona asezinkantolo zikahulumeni ukuba aphoqelelwe, kodwa lokhu kungathatha izinyanga noma iminyaka. Lemikhawulo yokugcinwa isho amandla obungameli bendlu kuphela njengokuzimisela kwenkantolo ukuwasekela.

Isiphetho

Indlu yabameleli iphethe amagunya asabekayo: iqala intela nokuchitha izikweleti, ifaka izikhulu zikahulumeni, futhi yenza uphenyo olusheshayo. Nokho lawomandla alinganiswa iSigele, uMongameli, nezinkantolo. Indlu ayikwazi ukukhipha izikhulu ngaphandle kwecala leSigele, futhi ayikwazi ukuphoqelela amakhonya ayo ngaphandle kokusekela kokwahlulela. Iminyaka emibili ikwenza kusabele kakhulu embonweni wasobala kodwa futhi ilinganisela imingcele ende. Ukuqonda lamandla nemingcele kubalulekile kunoma ubani ofuna ukuqonda ukuthi ukubusa kwaseMelika kusebenza kanjani ngempela, futhi angeke avimbele noma isiphi isigaba esisodwa somthetho esigunya elikhulu.

Ukuze ufunde ngokwengeziwe, hlola i-website yeNdlu yendlu ye-procedical yemininingwane, U.S.Constitution yombhalo wokuqala, ne i-Conrefect.gov[ i-tektrom yomthetho wokulandela imikhondo. [ Inkonzo yokucwaninga ye-FLT] ishicilela futhi imibiko eningi ngemisebenzi yeNdlukwano nemingcele.