Unyaka ngamunye, izigidi zamaMelika zisebenzelana nomthetho phakathi nokugcinwa kwezimoto, ukuhlangana kwemigwaqo, noma ukuboshwa. Ukwazi amalungelo akho omthetho-sisekelo ngalezi zikhathi kungasho umehluko phakathi kokusebenzelana kwesimiso nesimo esikhula sibe yisishaqa somthetho.

Amalungelo Akho Omthetho - sisekelo Eqinisweni

Isivikelo onaso phakathi nokuhlangana kwamaphoyisa sisekelwe eMthethweni-sisekelo ., ikakhulukazi wesine, wesihlanu, nowesi-6. Ukuqonda lezi ziphendulo kuyisisekelo sokwazi ukuthi ungasabela kanjani uma ucelwa yi-application ngokomthetho.

ISichibiyelo Sesine: Ukuvikelwa Ekucwaningeni Nokukhohlisa Okungenangqondo

ISichibiyelo sesine senqabela amaphoyisa ukuba athathe ukuphenya okungenangqondo nokuquleka.

ISichibiyelo Sesihlanu: Ilungelo Lokuthula

Isichibiyeli sesihlanu sikuvikela ekuphoqelelweni ukuba ube ngufakazi ozichaphazele. Lokhu kuyisisekelo selungelo lakho lokuthula. Awubophekile ukuphendula imibuzo engakubangela ukuba uphathwe kabi, futhi ungakhetha ukuyeka ukuphendula noma nini. Nokho, kumelwe usebenzise lelilungelo ngokucacile uma uhlose ukulisebenzisa, ikakhulukazi ezimisweni ezingagunyazi ukuvikela.

ISichibiyelo Sesithupha: Ilungelo Lokudlala I - Athoryney

Uma usukwisosha, unelungelo lokuba nommeli lapho ubuzana. Uma ungenamali yommeli, uzakumiswa mahhala. Kubalulekile ukucela ummeli ngokushesha nje lapho unomuzwa wokuthi isimo sibucayi, ungalindeli ukuboshwa okungokomthetho. Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba uboshwe, ukuba ummeli afike kungakusiza ukuba uxhumane namaphoyisa.

Izinhlobo Zokuhlangana Kwamaphoyisa

Izinga legunya lamaphoyisa kanye nokushintsha kwamalungelo akho kuye ngokuthi lokhu kuhlangana kunjani. Kunezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko.

Ukuhlangana Okuqhubekayo

Ukwenzeka kokuhlangana okungathandeki lapho iphoyisa lisondela endaweni yomphakathi futhi libuza imibuzo, ukhululekile ukuba uhambe noma nini, ungamane uhambe uma ungakhululekile, uma nje ungasivali isikhulu. Uma ukhetha ukuphendula, konke okushoyo kungasetshenziswa kuwe.

UTerry Stop (Izinhloso Zokuhlobisa)

Uma isikhulu sinokungabaza okunengqondo kokuthi uhilelekile emsebenzini wobugebengu, bangama futhi bakubambe kafushane ukuze uphenywe. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi ukuma [[[FLT: 0] Terry , okubizwa ngecala leNkantolo Ephakeme [] Terry v.Ohio. U-Tergy, isikhulu singayeka u-Terry, isikhulu singabeka phansi ngaphandle kwezingubo zakho zezikhali uma sikholelwa ukuthi uhlomile futhi usengozini. Awukhululeki ukushiya phakathi nokuma okungokomthetho okungokomthetho, kodwa awukadingenzeki ukuphendula imibuzo ngaphandle kokuzichaza ukuthi imithetho ethile imisiwe ne-indice. Ukuvalelwa kwemithetho kumelwe kunciphe.

Ukuboshwa

Ukuboshwa kwenzeka lapho amaphoyisa kungenzeka ukuthi anesizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi wenze ubugebengu. Awusakhululekile ukuhamba. Kuleliqophelo, amalungelo akho ayanda: unelungelo lokuthula nelungelo lommeli. Amaphoyisa kumelwe akutshele ngamalungelo akho [ amaManda ngaphambi kokukubuza lapho usejele. Uma engakwenzi, amazwi akho angavinjelwa enkantolo.

Amalungelo Akho Aqondile Phakathi Nokumiswa Kwamaphoyisa

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi udonswa emotweni yakho noma umiswa emgwaqweni, ukwazi amalungelo akhethekile ongawagcizelela kuyokusiza ukuba uhlale uzolile futhi uzivikele.

Ilungelo Lokuhlala Uthule

Ungasho ngokucacile: ngisebenzisa ilungelo lami lokuthula. Ngemva kwalokho, ungaphenduli eminye imibuzo", ngisho naleyo ebonakala ingenangozi njenge "Uyaphi?" noma "Ingabe uyazi ukuthi kungani ngikuyekile?" Ukuthula kukodwa akwanele ukuncenga isibuyekezo sesihlanu kwezinye izifundazwe; kumelwe uthi ukhuthaza ngakwesokudla sakho. Uma nje ucela, abaphathi kufanele bayeke ukukubuza. Nokho, kumelwe unikeze igama lakho nophawu uma kufunwa umthetho (njengoba kumele ukumiswa futhi kuvivinyelwe i-intence, noma phakathi kokuma kwemishini yezimoto).

Ilungelo Lokwenqaba Ukuvuma Ukufuna

Amaphoyisa avame ukucela imvume yokuhlola imoto yakho, isikhwama, noma umuntu. Unelungelo lokulahla. Yisho: Angivumi ukusesha. Lokhu kwenqaba akuwanikezi ngesizathu esilindelekile. Nokho, uma amaphoyisa enemvume noma imbangela okungenzeka ukuthi ibangele (umz., azibona izinto ezingekho emthethweni ziwumbono ocacile), angasesha ngaphandle kwemvume yakho. Ngaso sonke isikhathi akwenqaba ngenhlonipho kodwa ngaphandle kokungagwema. Ungamelani ngokoqobo nokuhlola okuthwele amaphoyisa naphezu kokwenqaba kwakho. Ukumelana nokumangalelwa okwengeziwe; kunalokho, phawula isenzakalo senseleleko yamuva.

Ilungelo Lokuthola I - Athoryney

Uma uboshwa noma unomuzwa wokuthi uyaphenywa ngemibuzo, cela ummeli ngokushesha. Yisho: ngifuna ukukhuluma nommeli. ” Uma usucela, amaphoyisa kumelwe ayeke ukubuza kuze kufike ummeli wakho. Ungakuhlehli lokhu ngisho noma ukholelwa ukuthi awunanto yokukufihla. Ummeli angakululeka ngokuthi ungawalawula kanjani isimo futhi avikele amalungelo akho kuyo yonke le nqubo.

Ilungelo Lokuqopha Amaphoyisa

Kuzo zonke izifunda-50, unelungelo lokubhala iziNguqulo Zokuqala ukwenza imisebenzi yamaphoyisa emphakathini, uma nje ungaphazamisi umsebenzi wawo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ividiyo nokuqopha amakhasethi. Izikhulu eziningi zingakutshela ukuba uyeke ukuqopha, kodwa ngaphandle kokuba uvimbe imisebenzi yazo, lowo myalo ngokuvamile awuvumelani nemithetho. Gcina indawo ephephile futhi ungathinta isikhulu.

Ilungelo Lokukhululeka Ebuthweni Elidlulele

Uma ungamelani noma usongela muntu, amaphoyisa akufanele asebenzise amandla angadingekile. Uma ukholelwa ukuthi kwasetshenziswa amandla eqile, kubhalwe ukuthi ukulimala kwakho, funa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, futhi uthintane nommeli wamalungelo omphakathi.

Ongakwenza Uma Uboshwa

Ukuboshwa kucindezela kakhulu, futhi ukulandela imithetho embalwa eyinhloko kungavimbela isimo ukuba singabi sibi nakakhulu.

Hlala Uzolile Futhi Ungalwi

Ngisho noma ukholelwa ukuthi ukuboshwa akuvunyelwe ngokomthetho, ungalwi. Ukumelana ngokomzimba, ngisho nempikiswano, kungaphumela ekumangaleleni okwengeziwe njengokumelana nokuboshwa, okungase kube nezijeziso ezinzima. Ngokuvumelana nemithetho yesikhulu, kodwa khumbulani ukuthi ukuvuma akufani nemvume. Ungasho lutho ngokusola.

Sebenzisa Amalungelo Akho Ngokucacile

Uma nje usejele, usho: ngizothula. Ngifuna ukukhuluma nommeli." Ungaphenduli imibuzo, ngisho nokulondoloza ubumsulwa bakho. Ungaxoxi ngecala lakho noyedwa ngaphandle kommeli wakho. Abaphathi bangazama ukwakha ubuhlobo noma ukukukhohlisa ukuba uvume.

Yazi Yonke Into

Bhala noma ubhale igama lesikhulu, inombolo yamabheji, inombolo yemoto, nanoma imuphi ofakazi. Uma ulimala, thatha izithombe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kwaziswa kuzoba okubalulekile kummeli wakho nakunoma isiphi isenzo esingokomthetho esimelene nomnyango wamaphoyisa. Futhi phawula isikhathi, indawo, nokuthi yini oyenzile ngaphambi kokuba ubhekane nalesi senzakalo.

Ungavumelani Nokufuna Ucingo Lwakho

Amaphoyisa angacela ukubheka ngocingo lwakho ngesikhathi sokuboshwa. Unelungelo lokulahla. Batshele: Awunayo imvume yami yokuhlola ucingo lwami. Ezindaweni eziningi, amaphoyisa adinga imvume yokuhlola ucingo lwekhalekhukhwini olubambeke ngesenzakalo, ngesinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme Riley v. California

Lalela Amalungelo KaMiranda

Uma usuboshiwe futhi ungekaphenywa, amaphoyisa kumelwe akufundele amalungelo akho eMiranda. Nokho, uma beqala ukubuza imibuzo ngaphambi kokuba bayifunde, amazwi akho angase angaqondakali. Ukucela amalungelo akho akuphenduli. Uma izikhulu zingakuhloniphi ukunxusa kwakho, tshela ummeli wakho ngokushesha.

Izinganekwane Ezivamile Ngokuhlangana Kwamaphoyisa Ziyalahlwa

Ukudukiswa kwamandla amaphoyisa namalungelo ezakhamuzi kusakazeke kabanzi. Ake sisuse ezinye zezinganekwane eziphikelela kakhulu.

Inganekwane: Kumelwe Uphendule Yonke Imibuzo Yamaphoyisa

Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kumelwe uphendule yonke imibuzo ebuzwa isikhulu. Eqinisweni, unelungelo lokuthula. Unganqaba ngenhlonipho ukuphendula imibuzo ngaphandle kokunikeza isizathu. Okuhlukile ukuthi ngokuvamile kumelwe unikeze igama lakho nemvume yomshayeli phakathi nokuma kwezimoto noma uma kufunwa imithetho kahulumeni yokumisa nokuqinisa.

Inganekwane: Amaphoyisa Adinga Njalo Umsizi Wokukufuna

Nakuba imvume ingenye indlela amaphoyisa angahlola ngayo, kuningi okungavunyelwani: imvume, umbono ocacile, isenzakalo sokufuna ukuboshwa, izimo ezixegayo, futhi okungenzeka kubangele ukuphenywa kwemoto (ukungashadi imoto). Ungakwenqaba ngisho noma izikhulu zizama ukukucindezela.

Inganekwane: Awunakuziqopha Izikhulu Zamaphoyisa

Njengoba kuphawuliwe, iSichibiyelo sokuqala sivikela ilungelo lakho lokuqopha amaphoyisa obala. Nokho, awunakuphazamisa imisebenzi yabo noma umbhalo ezindaweni lapho ungalindele khona ukuba wedwa (isizk., impahla yangasese ngaphandle kwemvume). Ezinye izifunda-zifunda zinemithetho ethinta ukuqopha umsindo; kuwukuhlakanipha ukwazi imithetho eqondile kahulumeni wakho.

Inganekwane: Kumelwe Unikeze Amaphoyisa Inkonzo Emgwaqweni

Ezifundeni ngaphandle kokuma nezimiso, akudingeki ukuba ubonise ukuhlukanisa ngaphandle kokuba ushayela imoto noma uboshwe. Ngokwemithetho enjalo, uma isikhulu sisola ngokunengqondo, kumelwe unikeze igama lakho, usuku lokuzalwa, nekheli. Ngaso sonke isikhathi buza uma ukhululekile ukuba uhambe kuqala; uma ungabanjwanga, ungahamba ngaphandle kokukunikeza ama-ID.

Inganekwane: Uma Ungenacala, Kufanele Usebenzisane Ngokugcwele

Nakuba ukubambisana ngokuvamile kwelulekwa ukuba kuncishiswe izimo, abantu abangenacala baye bazisola ngokukhuluma kakhulu. Ukuthula kwakho akukona ukuvuma icala. Kungcono kakhulu ukusho okuncane kakhulu bese ucela ummeli, ngisho noma ungenzanga lutho olungalungile. Noma yini ongayisho ingaqondwa noma ichazwe kabi.

Yazi Amalungelo Akho Ezimweni Eziqondile

Nazi izimo ezimbalwa ezivamile.

Izimoto Ziyama

Uma udonswa, udonsa, ucime injini, futhi ugcine izandla zakho zibonakala esondoni lokuqondisa. Qedela ilayisense yakho, ukubhalisa, nobufakazi bomshuwalense uma ubuzwa. Akudingeki ukuba uphendule imibuzo mayelana nokuthi uvelaphi noma uyaphi. Uma isikhulu sicela ukusesha imoto yakho, ungasho: ngingavumi ukusesha.[ Uma benesizathu esilindelekile, bayosesha noma bangaphazamisi. Unekile. Unelungelo lokubhala i-tomu ngo-scam noma ucingo (ngenjalo ushayela).

Ukuhlangana Ekhaya

Amaphoyisa ngokuvamile adinga imvume yokungena ekhaya lakho, ngaphandle kwezimo ezixeshiwe (isibonelo, ukujaha kakhulu, ingozi eseduze). Uma izikhulu zingqongqoza, ungakhuluma emnyango ngaphandle kokuwuvula. Buza ukuba ubone imvume uma zifuna. Ukufuna kubavumela ukuba bafune kuphela izindawo ezishiwo kulencwadi, futhi unelungelo lokuqaphela ngaphandle kokuphazamisa. Uma bebopha othile ekhaya lakho, bangahlola indawo eseduze.

Ukuhlangana Nomphakathi

Ezindaweni zomphakathi ezinjengezitaladi noma amapaki, ulindele inkululeko enkulu. Uma isikhulu sikumisa, sibuza: ngiyaboshwa? Uma bethi cha, ungahamba. Uma ungekhululekile ukuhamba kodwa usenalo ilungelo lokuthula futhi ungavumi ukusesha. Gcina izandla zakho zibonakala, unganyakazisi, futhi ugweme ukuphikisana.

Imithombo Yemfundo Eqhubekayo

Ukuze ujulise ukuqonda kwakho amalungelo akho, hlola imithombo elandelayo enokwethenjelwa, inikeza iziyalezo zamahhala, izinto zokuqeqesha nokusekela okungokomthetho.

  • ACLU Ayazi Amalungelo Akho[[FLT]] + – i American Civil Liberesties Union inikeza imininingwane, amakhadi ashicilelweyo okuhlangana namaphoyisa, ukubhikisha, nokuma komngcele. Iziqondiso zabo zihlelwa ngokushelela.
  • [[NTL:0] Amaphoyisa ahlanganayo [[[FLT]] -NOLT] - Incazelo ecacile yesiNgisi yamalungelo angokomthetho ihlanganisa ukusesha, ukuboshwa, nokuthi yini ongayenza uma uthathwa.
  • [[NTL:0] Isikhungo solwazi lomthetho [[FLT]] - [le ndawo] inikeza umbhalo ophelele womthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S., imibono yeNkantolo Ephakeme, nokufushaniswa komthetho weSichibiyelo sesine nesesihlanu.
  • I-National Police Accounting Project - Lenhlangano ilawula ukuziphatha okubi kwamaphoyisa futhi inikeza izisulu izimali ezingokomthetho. Hamba ungene engosini yabo ukuze ufunde ngokuqulwa kwezikhalazo noma ukuthola abameli.
  • Izinhlangano zosizo ezisemthethweni zendawo - emadolobheni amaningi anemitholampilo engokomthetho ekhululekile noma ephansi enikeza izicabha zakho zamalungelo olwazi. Funa "usizo lwasesandleni + [idolobha lakho]" ukuthola amakhetho.

Isiphetho

Amalungelo akho phakathi nokuhlangana kwamaphoyisa akuyona imiqondo engekho emthethweni, kodwa angamathuluzi asebenzayo angavikela inkululeko yakho, ukuphepha, nesithunzi. Ngokuqonda ukuthi iSichibiyelo sesine, sesihlanu, neseSihlanu siqinisekisani, ungaqinisa amalungelo akho ngomoya ophansi ngaphandle kokwandisa isimo. Khumbula: hlala uthule, ucele ummeli, futhi ungavumi ukuphenya. Khuluma yonke into futhi funa iseluleko esingokomthetho ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka uma ukholelwa ukuthi amalungelo akho aphuliwe. Ulwazi luwumusho wakho wokuqala.