Isizinda Nomlando We - New Komeito

IKomeito, eyasungulwa ngo-1964 njengengalo yezombangazwe yenhlangano yamaBuddha evamile i-Soka Gakkai, iye yasuka eqenjini lenkolo elisendaweni eyindawo ephansi yaba amandla abalulekile ekulawuleni kweJapane. Izimpande zayo ziseSoka Gakai zigcizelela "indalo" ne-activigno yokuthula, eyaguqula iqophelo lokusungula kweqembu lesigaba “lobuzwelo lobuHulumeni” kanye nokuphikisa ubudlelwano. Emashumini eminyaka, iKomeito iphambuke iJapan isuka eqenjini eliphikisayo ukuya eqenjini elingunxanxanxathelanayo ne - Liberalmocratic Party (LDP) ngo-1999. Lombumbanombano wakwazi ukusekela ithonya eliphakathi kuka-2001, inikeza ithonya eliphakathi kwesigaba esiphakathi kwesihlalo esiphakathi.

Imfundiso yenkolo yeKomeito eyisisekelo igxile ku-“Buuddhisism's perst", esekela inqumbi engaphazanyiswanga nobudlova yezingxabano nezimiso eziphambili zokusiza abantu ngokungenela kwezempi. Nokho, leliqembu liye labonisa ukuvumelana nezimo, liqaphela isidingo sokuma okuwusizo kokuzivikela endaweni eguquguqukayo. Ubuphini balo njengeqembu eliphilileyo nelungu eliphethe i-activeism elinomthwalo wokubusa – ukudala ukuqina okungaguquguquki okuthinta ngokuqondile ukuvikela kweJapan nezimiso zakwamanye amazwe.

Ukuze uthole umongo wendima kaSoka Gakkai kwezombangazwe zamaJapane, bheka lokhu kuhlaziya i-Asia-Pacificial Journal[[FLT: 1]].

Indima KaKomeito Entsha Engokwesiko Kuhulumeni Wobumbano Lwamakhoba

Kusukela lapho i-LDP ijoyina umfelandawonye we-LDP ngo-1999, i-Komeito ibinezikhundla eziyinhloko zekhabethe, kuhlanganise noNgqongqoshe Wezokhuselo, uNgqongqoshe Wezindaba Zangaphandle, nezinye izikhungo ze-portfolio. Nakuba i-LDP iphethe iningi, isivumelwano somfelandawonye sinikeza i-New Komeito i-veto amandla phezu kwezinto ezithile eziphambili ze-mthetho, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihilela isimiso sokuphepha. I-galelo leqembu line liphuma ekhonweni lokuhambisa isigaba elizinzile lamavoti – cishe izihlalo ezicishe 25-30 zeNdlundssss - ngaphandle kwalo i-LDP elizabala ukudlulisa umthetho.

Lokhu kwakhiwa kuphoqelela i-LDP ukuba ixoxisane ne-New Komeito ezikweletini ezibucayi, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihlobene nokuchazwa kweSiphakamiso 9 soMthetho-sisekelo waseJapane, esilahla impi futhi esinqabela ukulondoloza “impi.” IKomeito esha iphikelela njalo encazelweni evinjelwe, iphikisa noma yiziphi izinyathelo ezizovumela iJapane ukuba ihlanganyele ngokuhlangene ekuzifakeni ezimweni eziqinile. Lokhu kwaboniswa ngokuphawulekayo phakathi nempikiswano yomthetho wezokuphepha ka-2015.

Ithonya Lomthetho Wezokuvikela: Icala Lezokuphepha Ngo - 2015

Isibonelo esibaluleke kakhulu sethonya le-New Komeito enkambisweni yokuvikela yi-2015 ukudlula kwezincwadi ezilandelanayo zokuvikela ezichaza kabusha iSiphakamiso 9 ukuze zivumele iJapane ukuba isebenzise i-defense yedwa . I-LDP, ngaphansi koNdunankulu uShinzo Abe, ekuqaleni ifuna ukuchazwa kabusha okungavumela amabutho amaJapane ukuba avikele amaqembu ahlangene (njengase-United States) ngisho noma iJapane ngokwayo ibingahlaselwa. IKomeito yaze yangamelana, yesaba lokhu kuphula umthetho-sisekelo wezomthetho wezomthetho futhi yasusa abasekeli bayo baseSoka Gakkaka Campai.

Kwalandela izingxoxo ezinkulu. IKomeito entsha yaphumelela ekufakeni iziphakamiso eziqinile zendawo kanye ne-procedentical: Amabutho aseJapane ayengathunyelwa kuphela lapho ukuhlasela i-aselty esongela ukusinda kweJapane, futhi ngemva kokuvuma okucacile. Isivumelwano sokugcina sagunyaza ukusetshenziswa kwe-Uself-Defense Forces (SDF) ekusekeleni izindima ezingakhombiwe, njengemisebenzi esekelwe ekulweni nokuhlakanipha, kunokuba kulwele ngokuqondisiwe. Lokhu kwaba umphumela oqondile wokuphikelela kuka-Komeito “kuhlola i-pillar ezintathu”: ukufaneleka, ukulingana, nokugunyaza.

Ukuze kukhishwe umthetho wezokuphepha ka-2015, bhekisela ku- I-Reuters [.

Ithonya Elilinganiselayo Ekwandeni Kwempi Nasekuhlomeni

Ngaphezu kokuchazwa kabusha komthetho-sisekelo, i-New Komeito iye yasebenza njengebhuleki lolwelwelo oluthile lwesivikelo kanye nokwakheka kwamandla. Iqembu liye lamelana ngokungaguquki nezicelo zokuba iJapane ithole isebenzise amakhono , njengamandla anamandla amade ahlaselayo anamandla anamandla angashayelelayo ashaye izisekelo zezitha. Ngo-20222, lapho i-LDP yaqamba i-National Security Stracture entsha eyabiza i-“ikhono lokubala-inxanxanxantathu,” intsha igcizelela ukuthi amakhono anjalo angayisetshenziselwa kuphela“ izinjongo eziqinile” futhi ngaphansi kwezimiso eziqinile zokulawula. Ngo-202222, lapho i-LDP ifaka i-“exent-" futhi i-deathrobon ekhipha izikhali.

Ngokufanayo, i-New Komeito imelene nokuhlelwa kwemali yokuvikela engaphezulu kwe-1% ye-GDP – inqubo ende eJapane. Nakuba iphiko le-LDP line-claxish liye laphikisa impoqo engamaphesenti amabili, i-New Komeito iye yafuna ukuba noma ikuphi ukwanda kuhlanganiswe nentuthuko esheshayo ekuhlelekeni kwezokuxhumana nomthetho wezobudoda kanye nezindlela zokuvikela ezingekho ezempi. Ukuhleba okufinyelelwa ngo-2023 kwaba ukunyuka okuphawulekayo kube 2% ngesikhathi, kodwa ngokusebenzisa i-pasenti nokugcizelela “kwezokuphepha okungabantu” njengeminikelo yokusiza ngenhlekelele nokugcina ukuthula.

Izinto Eziza Kuqala Zezomthetho Wakwamanye Amazwe: Ukuwohloka Kwezimo

Ithonya leKomeito emuva enkambisweni yakwamanye amazwe libonakala kakhulu ekushukunyisweni kwalo okungaguquguquki komlando wemfundo nempucuko [[FLT: 0] nomakhelwane baseJapane, ngisho nalapho ubudlelwane be-biatenate buphazamiseka. Lomcimbi ubeyizwi eliphambili engxoxweni neNyakatho Korea, wakha ngomlando weSika Gakkai wemfundo nempucuko nezwe. Emihlanganweni ka 2000, i-Komeito wasiza ukunqanyulelwa kwezikhulu zekhulu phakathi kweJapane neNyakatho ne-Korea ukuba zikhulumele ukuthumba - isihloko se-partums ngokomzwelo eJapane.

EChina, iKomeito iye yakhuthaza ukuzithiba ezimpikiswaneni zendawo eziseSenkaku/iDiaoyu Islands, isekela ukuthuthuka kwemithombo ehlangene kanye nezindlela zokuxhumana ezibucayi kunezindlela zokuxhumana zamasosha. Nakuba lezi ziphakamiso zivame ukubekwa eceleni ngesimo sobuzwe se-LDP, ziye zavimbela uhulumeni ukuba athathe izikhundla zokulwa kwempi ngokweqile, njengezindawo ezihlala njalo ezizungeze iziqhingi.

IKomeito igcizelela kakhulu futhi iZizwe Ezihlangene namapulani amaningi. Inhlangano iye yasekela ngokungaguquki ukungenela kwe-Japane ekulondolozeni ukuthula (PKOs), kodwa ibhekile kakhulu ekusekeleni ukuhileleka kwenhlangano yezenhlalakahle nokwakha kabusha, kunokuba ilwe nezindima. Iye yaqhubele phambili iminikelo yezimali ye-UN nezinhlangano zezikhali zezizwe zomhlaba. Impumelelo ephawulekayo yayiyindima yeqembu ekulondolozeni ukuhileleka kwenkuthalo kwezenkuthalo kwesizwe eJapane [ize] TYBY] i-PN [igconome] i-P] ikhona i-P. I-Koctritue, njengoba nje uhulumeni uthanda ukusayina kwe-stele ukulondeka kwayo [i-United States.

Ukuze uthole ukuhlaziywa kwendima yeJapane kuyi-TPNW, bheka i- Hiroshima University Peace Research Center.

Izingxabano Nezingxabano Zangaphakathi

Isenzo sokulinganisela esisha asizange sibe nokuphikisana ngaphakathi. Isisekelo seqembu laleli Gakai sibonakala simelene ngokuqinile nomthetho futhi singabazani nganoma yikuphi ukwanda kwezempi. Lapho kudlula izikweleti zokulondeka ngo-2015, izinkulungwane zamalungu ka-Soka Gakaiak zakhononda obala, futhi abanye baze ngisho bashiya inhlangano. Abaholi beqembu, kuhlanganise nowayengumphathi uNatsuo Yamaguchi, baphoqeleka ukuba bavikele ukuhlehliswa njengobubi obudingekile ukuze balondoloze isilinganiso sezombangazwe. Lokhu kucindezeleka kwavela ngo-2022 phakathi nengxoxo edlula amandla eqembu, lapho uSoka Cakkaiah Committee yokuthula Kweqembu lizwakalisa obala ukungezwa.

Ukumangalelwa Ngokuthi “Inkambiso Ephakeme”

Abagxeki bekhohlo basola i-New Komeito ngokuthi isebenza “njengesitembu sobuxhaka” sezimiso ze-LDP, bephikisa ngokuthi ukuhlehla kwayo kuye kwawuqeda ngokuqhubekayo umthetho-sisekelo wempi waseJapane. Bakhomba eqinisweni lokuthi ngemva komthetho ngamunye omkhulu wokuphepha, iqembu lamukela indima yempi enwetshiwe kancane kancane, kuyilapho lithi isekela layo ligcina izimiso. Abacusumbuli baphikisa ngokuthi, lendlela ihleliwe yezempi futhi ilulaze iSiphakamiso 9.

I - “back ” Ebangela Ukuzibamba

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abahlaziyi ababambelele ngokwezindinganiso zemithetho yezokuphepha phakathi kwe-LDP nangaphandle babheka i-New Komeito njengesithiyo sokuma “okuvamile”. Baphikisa ngokuthi ithonya leqembu livimbela iJapane ukuba ithole izithiyo eziphumelelayo ngokumelene neChina neNyakatho Korea. Inkambiso ye-LDP, ngokwesibonelo, iye yakhononda obala ngokomthetho nge-New Komeito’s“to" enkwindlalweni. Le mibono i-dollar-of-war idala ingxabano phakathi kwe-mfantul kodwa iqinisekisa futhi ukuthi noma isiphi isimiso simo sifuna ukuhlalisana ngokucophelela.

Umphumela Kulwano Lwama - United States namaJapane

Ithonya leKomeito lidlulela embuthweni wezokuphepha ogxekayo wase-U. Nakuba iqembu lisekela kakhulu ukubambisana njengetshe lesisekelo lokuphepha kwaseJapane, ligcizelela ubudlelwano obulinganayo nobungalwi kakhulu. IKomeito i-New Komeito iphikise izihlongozo zokuba i-US unist unistle izikhali zenuzi noma ukuvumela amabutho ama-US asebenzise izisekelo zamaJapane ukuze ahlasele amazwe esithathu ngokuhlasela ngokuhlasela. Phakathi nonyaka ka-20, leliqembu libopha ilungiselelo elidinga ukusekela izivumelwano zesizwe ukuba zibukezwe ngezikhathi ezithile, linikeza uDet isisholo sokuhlasela umthwalo.

Muva nje, i-New Komeito ibiyizwi eliyinhloko ezingxoxweni eziphathelene nokufuduswa kwe-US Marine Corps Air Station Futenma e-Okinawa. Iqembu liye lasekela ukuvalwa kwesakhiwo ngokuphelele, kuhambisana nomzwelo we-Okinawa yendawo, kuyilapho i-LDP ivumela ukuhamba phakathi kwe-Proference. Ukuma kweKomeito kuye kwahlehlisa izinqumo zokugcina futhi kwaphoqelela uhulumeni ukuba ahlole ezinye izindlela, njengokusetshenziswa okukhulu kwezikhumulo zezindiza zezindiza zembutho. Lendaba ihlala ingumxhumanisi ye-flash, futhi i-New Komeito ingummeito ingumxhumanisi phakathi kohulumeni wezwe neziphathimandla ze-Okinawannton ibalulekile.

Ukucabangela Okuhle Nezibalo Zezombangazwe Zesikhathi Esizayo

Ithonya leKomeito libuye lilolongwe yi-Comeito encikene ne-LDP ekhethayo. Leliqembu lincike emishinini ye-LDP ekhethayo ezindaweni eziyingxenye eyodwa, kuyilapho i-LDP izuza ngokuvota okunqunyiweyo kweqembu le-New Komeito’s revolutions servement kaSoka Gakkai – kulinganiselwa kumavoti ayizigidi ezingu-3-5 ezweni lonke. Lobu buhlobo be-symbianism busho ukuthi bonke abantu kumelwe bathole isisekelo esifanayo ezindabeni zokulondeka, noma balahlekelwe i-khothonezelomeice kanye nesisekelo sevoti.

Uma ubheka phambili, inqubo yokuzalana kwabantu ibangela inselele. Ukuba amalungu eqembu likaGakai kungukuguga, futhi amaJapane amancane awahlangene nezinhlangano zenkolo. IKomeito azama ukunweba ukukhanga kwayo ngaphezu kwe-Soka Gakkai ngokugcizelela isimiso sendawo ezungezile, inhlalakahle yezenhlalo, kanye nokulingana kwabobulili obufanayo. Uma isisekelo seqembu elikhethayo se-Gakaiai encipheni yezingxoxo zokuphepha. Nokho, ukuthembela kwe-LDP kubangane abahlangeneyo – ikakhulukazi njengoba libhekene nokulahla ukuthembeka kwe-votar – kusho ukuthi i-Komeito iyohlala ingumdlali ogxekayolizayo wesikhathi esizayo esibonakala kusengaphambili.

Ukutadisha Indaba: Impikiswano Yokuhlinzwa Kwezigwegwe YaseKomeito NeyaseNyakatho Korea

Isibonelo esiqinile sethonya lesimiso sangaphandle saseNew Komeito ukusingatha kwakhe indaba yokuthumba eNyakatho Korea. Iqembu ngokomlando liye lakhuthaza indlela ehlukene: ukugcina izijeziso zokucindezela uPyongyang kuyilapho igcina imizila ivulekile yengxoxo yokusiza abasweleyo. Ngo-2002, ngemva kokuba uKim Jong Il avume ukuthumba, i-New Komeito yavumela izinkulumo eziyimfihlo phakathi kwezikhulu zaseJapane nabameleli baseNyakatho Korea, i-Soka Gakkaian’s ezibophé ngokwethulwano yezethuko. Nakuba lemizamo ingavezanga impumelelo, yagcina umnyango uvuleka lapho uhulumeni useduze ukuba unqamule zonke izibo.

IKomeito yabuye yahlehla futhi imfuno ye-LDP yokuhlasela ngaphambi kokuba kukhishwe izikhali ezicitshwayo zase-North Korea, iphikisa ngokuthi inkambiso enjalo ingabhebhethekisa izingxabano futhi iphule umthetho. Kunalokho, yasekela umthetho ukuze iqinise izijeziso zezomnotho futhi ivimbele izikhali ezicitshwayo kuphela lapho zisongela ngokuqondile isifunda samaJapane. Lendlela iyaqhubeka inqubo engokomthetho njengango-2025.

Indima KaKomeito Omusha Ekubukezeni Umthetho

Enye yezimpikiswano eziqashelwe kakhulu kwezombangazwe zaseJapane ukubukezwa okungase kube yi-SCRC ka-9. I-LDP sekuyisikhathi eside ifuna ukulungisa umthetho-sisekelo ukuze iqaphele i-SDF futhi ivumele i-New Komeito ukuba izibonele. Isekela ukuma okuqaphile okunenzuzo okuthi i-SDF ivume ukuthi ikhona futhi ifuna ukuvunyelwa yiyo ekuzithatheni i-SDF, kodwa imelene ngokuqinile nokususa isigqebhezana sempi noma ukuvumela noma isiphi isimo sokubuthelwa empini. Iqembu ligcizelela ukuthi noma isiphi isibukezo kumelwe sihlanganise ukuvimbela i-SDF ukuba inqubo yokuvikela nokudla ukudla okugunyaza ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.

Ngo-2024, lapho i-LDP ihlongoza ukuhlelwa kwe-octal eyayizoqamba i-SDF njenge “butho lokuzivikela lesizwe” elinezilinganiso ezibanzi, i-New Komeito yafuna ukuba umbhalo uhlanganise izinqabo ezicacile ezimelene ne “mpi yokulwa” kanye“ nokuhlanganyela emalungiselelweni ahlangene ngaphandle kwemisebenzi egunyaziwe ye-UN.” I-LDP edeficekile, kanye nengxoxo yamanje engaphansi kwe-Diet iqukethe lemingcele. Ukuthi lokhu kuyekethisa kungasinda yini ekufuneni kwesizwe kuhlala kungaqinisekile, kodwa iminwe ye-Komeito i-minweba iqinisekile.

Umbono Wesikhathi Esizayo: Izibonelo Eziyinhloko Nezinguquko Ezingase Zivele

Isimo 1: Ukuqhubeka Ne - LDP Dominance

IKomeito entsha izoqhubeka isebenza njengempoqo yokunqanda, inciphise izinyathelo zokuphepha ze-LDP nokuphikelela kwezinye izindlela zobumeli. Ukusetshenziswa kwezokuvikela kuyonyuka, kodwa kunama-patroli ahlanganiswe, njengendima yeJapane ekugcineni ukuthula nemisebenzi yokusiza abaswele. Iqembu lingase futhi lifune izindlela ezintsha zokulawula izikhali, njengengxoxo yokulondeka yesifunda ehlanganisa iChina, i-South Korea, ne-United States.

Isimo 2: I - LDP HAwks Ithola Ukulawulwa Okugcwele

Uma i-LDP ithola i-odoli enkulu ngaphandle kosizo lwantsha Komeito – isimo esingadinga izinguquko ezinkulu ze-volution – ithonya leKomeito le-New. Uma kunjalo, iJapane ingaphishekela ukuma kobudlelwano obunonya kakhulu, kuhlanganise nokuthola izikhali ezihlaselayo, ukuphindela iSiphakamiso 9 ngaphandle kokuzimela, kanye nokwandisa ukuvumelana kwe-US-Japane phakathi kwesivumelwano sokuvikela. Lokhu kungaphawula ukusuka okuphawulekayo esikweni sempi.

Isimo 3: Ukuncipha Kwe - Electoral’s New Komeito

Uma iKomeito ilahlekelwa izihlalo, ingaba ilungu elinomfelandawonye elingakhangi kakhulu. I-LDP ingakhetha ukuvumelana namaqembu amancane adla idlanzana esikhundleni sawo, ilulaza i-New Komeito. Ukuvimbela lokhu, i-Komeito cishe izofaka inqubo ethuthukisiwe ezindabeni ezingasizi ezingezona ezentengiselwano − njengokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, umnotho wezenhlalakahle, nenhlalakahle yezenhlalo – ukusekela ukubaluleka kwayo. Nokho, ngisho nasendimeni encishisiwe, ukuba khona kwalo qembu eDity kunikeza iphimbo elingokomfanekiso lokuthula.

Isimo 4: IKomeito Entsha Njengebhuloho Lokuphikiswa

Uma kuqalwa ukukhula kwezindawo zezombangazwe zamaJapane, iKomeito entsha ingazibeka njengegunya elinamandla lokuxoxa phakathi kwe-LDP nokuphikiswa njenge-Constitutional Democratic Party. Lokhu kungathuthukisa ithonya layo ngokwengeziwe, njengoba inganikeza ukuqina kwemithetho kahulumeni ngenxa yokuvunyelwa kwezimiso zokuvikela. Lendlela ingakhanga kakhulu uma ukubusa kwe-LDP eyodwa yesigaba esisodwa se-LDP kuncipha ngemva kokhetho lwesikhathi esizayo.

Isiphetho: Amandla Athulile EKomeito Entsha

IKomeito ihlala ingeyena umdlali oshintshwe kancane kodwa ewujuqu ekulungiseni ukuthambekela kwe-LDP kanye nenkambiso yangaphandle. Ithonya layo alibonakali njalo emaphephandabeni, kodwa lisebenza ngemuva kwezingxoxo ze-scenes, ukunqanda ukumiswa kwemithetho, nokunqanda ukunqanda imfuno esemthethweni. Ukuthula kobuBuddha okuphefumlelwe kwaleliqembu kunikeza ukulinganisela kokuziphatha okuphikisanayo kokuthambekela kwe-LDP kwangempela kwe-LDP, kuqinisekisa ukuthi isimiso sokulondeka saseJapane asilokothi siphambuke kakhulu kuhulumeni nakuzolwazi lwezentengiselwano. Njengoba ukuxabana kwezifunda ne-Chayina ne-North Korea kuqhubeka, futhi njengoba ukuvumelana kwe-US-Japaniaumeito, ikhono lokulondoloza ikhono layo lokulondoloza izimiso zezimiso zezimiso kodwa eziqinile kuzoba nedumela emhlabeni wonke wonke.

Ukuze ufunde okwengeziwe ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo okungokomlando kanye necebo lamanje lezombangazwe, bheka i- CSIS ukuhlolwa [ ne NIPon.com isihloko sokucwaninga[[. Ukwelashwa kwezemfundo okubanzi kuyatholakala ku [[FLT:]] Journal of Church and State[FLT].