I-Belfast Agreement (eyaziwa kakhulu njenge-Good Wesihlanu Sesivumelwano) − yamelela inkathi engokomlando enguquko emlandweni we-Northern Ireland. Nakuba izinhloso zayo eziyinhloko zaziwukuzinza kwezombangazwe futhi ziphela ebudloveni bamahlelo obudlova bezinkinga, abaklami bazo baqonda ukuthi ukuthula okuhlala njalo kwakudinga ukuqondisa izisekelo zomphakathi ohlukene. Zimbalwa izindawo ezaziyizimpawu zalokhu kuhlukana, noma ezibucayi ekubuyisaneni isikhathi eside, njengesimiso semfundo. Phambi konyaka ka-1998, izikole eNorthern Ireland zaziveza kakhulu imigqa ejulile yezenkolo nezombangazwe. Isivumelwano sangokwangoLwesihlanu sasiyibekela inselele lendawo eqinile, ukulingana kwezindinganiso, ukuhlonishwa, namalungelo abantu endaweni ebusayo. Lesi sihloko sihlola indlela inqubo yokuthuthukisa ukuthuthukisa imfundo, ukuhlanganisa iqoqo lemfundo, ukuhlanganisa, ukuhlanganisana kwezemfundo, ukuhlanganisa, ukuqaphela impumelelo yeze, ukuqaphela impumelelo engoko eqhubekayo.

Ukubukeka Okuhlukene Kwemfundo Ngaphambi Kuka - 1998

Ukuze uqonde ithonya lesivumelwano seSivumelwano saseNyakatho Ireland, kudingekile ukwazisa isimo esihlukene phakathi kwezikole ze-Northern Ireland phakathi neNkingo. Emashumini eminyaka, isimiso semfundo sasihlukene kakhulu ngokulandela amahlelo:

  • Izikole ezilawulwayo:[ zilawulwa umbuso nge-Authority yemfundo, lezi zikole zajatshulelwa kakhulu abafundi bamaProthestani. Ngokomlando zazibizwa ngokuthi "izikole zamaProthestani".
  • Izikole ezilondolozweyo: Ngaphansi kokuphatha kweSonto lamaKatolika, lezi zikole zazinakekela cishe kuphela inani lomphakathi lamaKatolika.
  • Izikole ezizimele: Inani elincane kodwa elibalulekile lezikole ezisebenza ngaphandle kwesimiso sikahulumeni, kuhlanganise nengxenye encane ehlangene eyaqala ukuvela ngawo-1980.

Lokhu kwakhiwa kohlelo kwasho ukuthi izingane eziningi zakhula zingathintani ngokuqondile nontanga abavela ohlangothini olufanayo. Izifundo zazivame ukuveza lokhu kuhlukana. Imfundo yomlando, ikakhulukazi, yayinombango olunamandla, inezilandiso ezihlukahlukene zezenzakalo ezifanayo ezifundiswa ezikoleni ezihlukahlukene. UMnyango Wemfundo ngesikhathi senza imizamo yokusungula izihloko ezihamba phambili zemfundo zemfundo enjenge-Education for Mutualtintation (EMU) ne Precial, kodwa lezinyathelo zazingenawo amazinyo avumelanayo futhi zazivame ukubekwa ngaphansi kwezikole. Isimiso sasingaklanyelwanga ukuphilisa isigaba; sasiwumkhiqizo wayo. I-Goold WesiProviement yangowesihlanu yafuna ukushintsha lokhu ngokudala uhlelo lwezombangazwe nezenhlalo olwalukhuthaza ukubuyisana.

Isivumelwano Esihle NgoLwesihlanu: Isimiso Somthetho - sisekelo Sokushintsha

Isivumelwano, esihlotshiswe ngokusemthethweni "Isivumelwano se-Belfast," sasingesona ibhukwana lemfundo eliningiliziwe kodwa samisa izimiso eziyisisekelo ezazingabangela inguquko. Izici eziyinhloko ezihlanganisa:

  • Amandla-ohulumeni: Ukwakhiwa kukahulumeni obophekile ohlanganisa ubunye washo ukuthi kokubili abaholi abahlanganisa ubunye nabashisekeli besizwe babe nomthwalo wemfanelo ohlangeneyo woMnyango wemfundo.
  • Amalungelo Abantu nokulingana:[ Isivumelwano saholela ekusungulweni kweKhomishi Yentengo Yokulingana yase-Northern Ireland ne-Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission. Lokhu kwabeka umsebenzi ongokomthetho kuziphathimandla zomphakathi, kuhlanganise nezikole, ukukhuthaza ukulingana kwethuba.
  • Ukuthatha i-parity of Surence: Lesisimiso saqaphela ngokucacile ukuba ngokomthetho kokubili i-British ne-Irish station namasiko, sivula indlela yokuqaphela kakhulu ulimi lwe-Ireland kanye ne-Ulster-Scot ezimisweni zemfundo.
  • Cross-Border Ukubambisana:[ UMkhandlu weNkonzo waseNyakatho/eNingizimu wasiza ukubambisana phakathi kwe-North Ireland ne-Riphabliki yase-Ireland, kuhlanganise nasemkhakheni wemfundo.
“Ukufezwa kokubuyisana, nokubekezelelana, nokuthembana, nokuvikelwa, nokulwelwa kwamalungelo abo bonke, kuwumgomo oyinhloko wesivumelwano.”

Lesi simemezelo sasiza abakhi bezemfundo. Ukugxila ekwakheni isigaba sekusasa ngokuzikhandla kwasuka ekuqondiseni isigaba sezemfundo kuya ekwakheni ikusasa elifanayo. UMnyango Wemfundo wasetshenziswa ekuthuthukiseni izifundo ezazibonisa amaqiniso amasha ezombangazwe nawezenhlalo.

Izinguquko Zezomthetho: Ukuba Izakhamuzi Nokubuyisana

Enye yemiphumela eqondile ye-Good Fread Agreement on School yayiwukubukezwa kwe-Northern Ireland Curricuum. Imfundo ekhona yesimiso sokuqondana, nakuba yayihloselwe kahle, yayibhekwa njengengacacile kakhulu futhi engenamiphumela engalawuleki. Isivumelwano sezombangazwe sanikeza ithonya lokufuna ukuthatha inguquko eyengeziwe.

Ukusungulwa Kwezakhamuzi Zendawo Nezembulunga Yonke

Ngo-2003, ngemva kokubukeza okukhulu, uMnyango Wemfundo wasungula indawo ezungezile kanye nembulunga yonke njengesihloko esingokomthetho kubo bonke abafundi eKey Stage 3 (iminyaka engu-11-14). Lokhu kwaba umphumela oqondile wenqubo yokuthula. Izifundo zihloselwe ukuhlomisela intsha ngolwazi, amakhono, kanye nezindinganiso ukuba ihlanganyele ngokuphumelelayo emphakathini wentando yeningi. Izihloko eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

  • Amalungelo abantu nomthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi.
  • Indima kahulumeni nezinhlangano zentando yeningi (kuhlanganise noMhlangano WaseNyakatho Ireland owasungulwa iSivumelwano).
  • Ukuhlukahluka nokuhlanganiswa emphakathini ozibandakanyayo.
  • Isinqumo esiphikisanayo nokwakhiwa kokuthula.

Ngokungafani ne-EMU, ukuba umninikhaya kwakuyindaba ezimele nezimfuneko zayo siqu zomthetho, iziqondiso zokuhlola, nokuqeqesha kothisha abanikezelwe.

Ukufundisa Umlando Obangela Izimpikiswano

Isivumelwano sathonya futhi indlela umlando owafundiswa ngayo. "Umlando owenziwe ngayo" ulokhu ungenye yezindawo eziyinselele kakhulu kothisha. Izifundo manje zikhuthaza abafundi ukuba bahlole izincazelo ezihlukene ezingokomlando futhi bahlakulele amakhono okugxeka. Indlela ayidluliseleli ukulandisa okukodwa futhi iqonde kakhulu ukuthi umlando wakhiwa kanjani futhi usetshenziswa kanjani. Izinhlelo ezifana ne Ukuhamba Ngethuba lokukhumbula [ umsebenzi nomsebenzi weNerve Centreeve [1] uye wasungula imithombo evumela abafundi ukuba bahileleke ngemicimbimbiso yezinkinga ngendlela ephephile nehlelekile, kunokuba bagweme isihloko ngokuphelele.

Imfundo Ehlasimulisiwe: Ukusuka Emasimini Aphakeme Kuya Emithethweni Kahulumeni

I - Good Wear Agreement yasekela kakhulu inhlangano yezemfundo ehlangene neyomthetho. Ngesikhathi kuvulwa isikole sokuqala esihlangene, iLagan College ngo - 1981, lenhlangano yaqhubeka ifunwa yidlanzana kwaze kwaba ngo - 1998 Created.

Inkonzo Yesikhumbuzo Yokusekela Ukunyuselwa

Ukugcizelela kwesivumelwano sokubuyisana kwaholela kushintsho olukhulu lwe-accomplition. Uhlelo lwezemfundo (Nyakatho Ireland) Unyaka ka-1989 lwase luhlanganise umsebenzi eMnyangweni woku "khuthaza nokuhlanganisa" imfundo ehlangene. Isivumelwano saNhlanu elungile saqinisa lesisibopho, nomthetho owalandela ngo- 2006 waqinisa ngokwengeziwe umsebenzi. i-Northern Ireland Council for Imfundo (NYAKA E-I) isebenza njengendikimba ehlangene, isekela kokubili izikole ezihlangeneyo namaqembu abazali abafuna ukusungula ezintsha.

Ukwanda Nomphumela Wehlelo Elingenaluzwela

Kusukela ngonyaka wemfundo ka - 2023/24, kunezikole ezingu - 71 ezihlangene eNyakatho Ireland, ezifundisa cishe amaphesenti angu - 7 alezi sikole. Nakuba lesi sibalo sisephansi uma siqhathaniswa nezingxenye ezilawulwayo nezilondolozwayo, ithonya lemfundo ehlangeneyo esimisweni esibanzi liye laba likhulu.

  • I-Theory in Practice: Izikole ezinezimo zizimisele ngokuqondile ukudala ukudla okulinganiselwe kobuKatolika, ubuProthestani, kanye nabafundi abavela kwezinye izizinda. Zinikeza ukuxhumana kwansuku zonke, okuhlelwe kahle phakathi kwezingane zemiphakathi ehlukene, ukucwaninga kwezesayensi yengqondo (i-Complinity Theory) okuchaza njengethuluzi elinamandla lokunciphisa ubandlululo.
  • I-wle-School Ethos: Ukungena akubhekisi kuphela kubafundi. Kuhlanganisa uhlelo lwezifundo oluguqulayo ne-etos ezigubha izinhlobonhlobo, ixoxa ngempikiswano obala, futhi ikhuthaza ukuhlanganisa ngaphandle kokuba kufune abafundi ukuba bashiye izizinda zabo.
  • Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi izikole ezihlangene ngezinye izikhathi zingagwema ukubhekana nokungafani kwezombangazwe nokungokwenkolo okujulile ngenxa yezindawo ezihlukene, "ezingalawuleki" isiko. Kukhona futhi izinselele ze-logism, kuhlanganise "umthetho wesithathu wesikole" odinga ukuba nesigaba esingu-10% somphakathi omncane ukuze waziwe ngokomthetho njengezinto ezihlangeneyo, ezingaba nzima ezindaweni ezidume kakhulu. Imithombo yengcebo kanye nokulawula kwemikhakha ekhona nakho kulinganisela ukukhula.

Uhlelo Lwemfundo Ehlanganyelwayo: Ukuhlobana Ngezilinganiso

Nakuba imfundo ehlangene imelela ukuhlanganiswa kwabafundi abavela ezizindeni ezihlukene, umzabalazo ofanayo owaziwa ngokuthi Imfundo ehlanganisiweyo [ uye wavela njengendlela elawulayo yokuzihlela. Lendlela yenza abafundi abanezikole ezihlukene bahlangane ukuze bahlangane ezifundweni kanye nasemisebenzini eyodwa, ngaphandle kokuba izikole ngokwazo zihlanganiswe ngokwezimiso.

Ukuhlukana Kokuthula Nokusekela Kwe - EU

Isimiso semfundo esabelanayo sasekelwa kakhulu yizinhlelo ze-EU’STERRE IV ne-EU's Peter IV, ezanikeza izimali ezinele. Inhloso iwukuthi uma isikole samaKatolika nesikole sobuProthestani zingahlangana, zingabambisana. AmaPupil ahamba phakathi kwezikole ukuze afunde izihloko ezifana neDrama, umculo, i-technology, noma ahlanganyele emikhakheni ehlangene.

I- ISikhungo semfundo ehlanganyelwayo eYunivesithi yeQueenfast iye yaba wusizo ekuthuthukiseni nasekuhloleni lesibonelo. Ukucwaninga kubonisa ukuthi imfundo efanayo ingathuthukisa imiphumela yezemfundo, yakha ubuhlobo obunganqamuki, futhi inciphise ubandlululo, ngokuvamile ihlangabezana nokumelana okuncane nabazali neziphathimandla zesonto kunokuhlanganisa izakhiwo.

Izinto Eziza Kuqala Nezokugxeka

Uhlelo lwemfundo oluhlangabezwanayo luye lwaba isisekelo senkambiso yoMnyango wemfundo ngaphansi kwe-"Togeter: Ukwakha i-United Community" isu. Nokho, iye yabhekana nokugxekwa. Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi ingaba uhlobo "lokuhlanganisa okungahlukaniswayo," lapho izingane zihlangana khona ngemisebenzi ejabulisayo kodwa zibuyele ezikoleni zazo eziphakele imfundo ephambili. Kunengozi eyingozi ehambisanayo emenza ukuba "isimende esinethezekile" eyenza isimiso esikhona sibe esinethezekile, kunokuba sibeke inselele ukuphila kwaso okuyisisekelo. Izibonelo zemfundo eziphumelela kakhulu zihilela, ukubambisana okusekelwe ezifundweni kunokuxhumana nje.

Ulimi Nencazelo Yalo

Isivumelwano se-Good Wear Adment sathi ukuqaphela okusobala kokwahlukahluka kolimi kwaba nethonya eliqondile elungiselelweni lemfundo. Isivumelwano sathi:

"Bonke abahlanganyelayo bayaqaphela ukubaluleka kokuhlonipha, ukuqonda nokubekezelelana uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlukahluka kwezilimi, kuhlanganise nase-Northern Ireland, ulimi lwase-Irish kanye no-Ulster-Scot."

Imfundo Yolimi Lwase - Ireland

Lokhu kuqashelwa kwanikeza isikhuthazo esikhulu eMfundweni ye-IMTE (). Nakuba kwakunezikole zolimi lwase-Ireland (i-Gaelscoileana) kusukela ekuqaleni konyaka ka-1970, zazama ukuxhasa nokuqaphela isifundazwe. I-Good Wear Agreement yadala isimo sezulu sezombangazwe esandisa lengxenye. Ngo-1998, kwakunabafundi abangu-2 000 e-IME; namuhla, kunabafundi abangaphezu kuka-7 000 ezikoleni ezingu-40.

I- i-Comtairle na Gaelscolaíochta yasungulwa ukuthuthukisa nokusekela imfundo ye-Irish. I-Northern Ireland Assembly, njengoba imiswe yi-GFA, iye yamisa umthetho osekela lolu limi, kuhlanganise ne-Ademinual and Language (Nyakatho Ireland) Act 2022. IME ayisabhekwa njengenkulumo yezombangazwe kuphela kodwa njengendlela esemthethweni yokukhetha imfundo enemiphumela eqinile yemfundo.

Izinsimbi Zomklamo Ezikoleni

Ulimi lwe-Ulster-Scots kanye nefa lathola ukuqashelwa nokusekelwa kwezwe kulandela i-Apliji ye-Ulster-Scots. I-Ulster-Scots Agency (i-Tha Boord o Ulstèr-Scotch) yadalelwa ukuthuthukisa ulimi, impucuko, nomlando. Imithombo iye yasungulwa ukuze izikole zifake u-Ulster-Scots ezifundweni zezifundo, ikakhulukazi ezisezikoleni eziyinhloko. Ngokungafani ne-IME, esebenza njengesimiso sesikole esifanayo, i-Ulster-Scots ifundiswa njengemodyuli phakathi kwezifunda zesiNgisi noma iMilando.

Imfundo Ephakeme Nesimiso Sokuhlela

Ithonya leSivumelwano seGood Wesihlanu semfundo ephakeme yadlulela ngalé kwemfundo ephakeme. UMkhandlu weNyakatho/eSouth Inkonzo wamisa izindawo ezikhethekile zokubambisana, kuhlanganise nemfundo. Lokhu kwasiza ukuba kutholakale izindlela eziningi zokubambisana phakathi kwamayunivesithi eNyakatho Ireland naseRepublic of Ireland.

  • Uphendlo lwe-Coltudiation: Ulwembu olufana neQueen's University Belfast, Ulster University, Trinity College Dublin, neYunivesithi College Dublin ziye zahlanganyela iziphakamiso ezinkulu zokucwaninga, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinjengesinqumo sempi, impilo yomphakathi, namandla ahlala njalo.
  • Impunga exhunyiwe:[ Isivumelwano senza kwaba lula ngabafundi ukunqamula umngcele. Indawo evamile yokuhamba nokuqaphelana kwezimfuneko kwakhuthaza ukuqubuka kwabafundi phakathi kwe-Northern Ireland neRepublic, ukunweba okuhlangenwe nakho kwabo kwemfundo.
  • North West Collation Colcanttion: Endaweni yomngcele, izinhlangano ezinjenge-North West West Regional College (Dery/Londonderry) zinezibopho ezisondelene kakhulu neDonegal Education and Training Board and Letterkenny Institute of Technology (ingxenye ye-Atlantic Technological University), zakha isisekelo sezifunda ezihlukene.

I- I-Century for Cross Boul Studies iye yafeza indima enkulu ekudwebeni nasekuqiniseni lokhu kubambisana, ibonisa indlela inqubo yokuthula eye yadala ngayo izixhumaniso eziphathekayo zemfundo nezomnotho ngaphesheya komngcele.

Izinselele Eziqhubekayo Nokuthula Okungacimeki

Naphezu kwezinguquko ezijulile ezalethwa i - Good Frive Agreement, isimiso semfundo eNyakatho Ireland sisahlukene kakhulu.

Ukuphikelela Kobandlululo

Abafundi abangaphezu kuka-90% basafunda izikole ezinezingalo eyodwa kakhulu (ezilawulwa noma ezilondolozwe). Ezindaweni zokuswela okukhulu, lezizibalo zilula nakakhulu. Ukuhlukaniswa kwesimiso kusho ukuthi izingane eziningi azikakwazi ukuxhumana nabantu abanezizinda ezihlukene phakathi neminyaka yazo yokulolonga. "Izikole ezimbili" iziko lezehlwili" nesikole esilondoloziwe esikhonza idolobha elifanayo", kuseyinqubo ejwayelekile.

Ukuhluleka Kwezombangazwe Nesimiso Sokufundisa

Ukuwa koMhlangano waseNorthern Ireland ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene kusukela ngo-1998 (kuhlanganise nonyaka ka-2017 kuya ku-2020) kuye kwadala izikhala zesimiso nentuthuko emisiwe. Izinqumo eziphathelene nezifundo, ukuxhasa isikole, nokuhlela indawo zibucayi kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, izimpikiswano eziphathelene nezifundo zangemva kwesikole noma ukufundisa ngempikiswano yempikiswano zingashesha ukuncitshiswa. Ukungabi khona komphathi osebenzayo ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi ukuhlelwa kwesimiso semfundo esisodwa okunesikhathi eside kuthatha isikhathi eside.

Izithiyo Ezingokomnotho

Ukungalingani kwezenhlalo nezomnotho kuseyinkinga enamandla enciphisayo. Ukukhetha okungalingani kwe-Academic (ukuhlolwa kokudluliswa kwe-11-clull), kuyilapho kungasasebenzi ezindaweni eziningi, kusebenza ezindaweni eziningi ngokuhlola okungalawulwa. Lesi simiso ngokungenakulinganiswa sithinta ukuhlobana phakathi kokuncishwa kwezenhlalo nokungatholi mfundo. Umehluko phakathi kohlelo lolimi nezifundo zamuva uyingxenye yesigaba ehlangene nesigaba sehlelo lehlelo, ifaka ingxebe yemizamo yokwakha isimiso esihlangene nesomhlaba wonke.

Isiphetho

I-Good Wentrever Agudment yasebenza njengekhampasi engokomthetho neyokuziphatha yenguquko yemfundo eNyakatho Ireland. Yanikeza ukuzinza kwezombangazwe kanye nohlelo olungokomthetho oludingekayo ukuze kubekelwe inselele isimiso esihlukaniswe kakhulu. Ukusungulwa kwezifundo zesizwe ezisekelwe elungelweni, ukuqiniswa kwemfundo ehlangeneyo, ukuthuthuka okusha kwemfundo eyodwa, nokuqashelwa okungokomthetho kwezindlela ezihlukahlukene zezilimi zonke kuyizikhundla eziqondile zokuthula ngo-1998.

Nokho, uhambo olusuka esikhathini esidlule esihlukene ukuya esikhathini esizayo esihlanganyelweyo alunaso isisekelo esiqinile. Isimiso semfundo asihlangene ngokugcwele futhi asihlangene ngokugcwele. Ukudlula kulendaba kuwukungavumelani okungapheli phakathi kwesifiso somphakathi ohlukeneyo kanye nokungena ekuhlolweni kwezakhiwo ezikhona kanye ne-odocuments. Izikole nothisha abasebenza phambili ekubuyisaneni bayaqhubeka behamba ngezindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi. I-Good Wear Recovement ayiyixazululanga inkinga yezemfundo, kodwa yanikeza amathuluzi abalulekile, (*) umthetho onamandla, kanye nokuthula okucacile okugunyaza izizukulwane ezilandelayo ezakha kangcono, esimisweni esihlanganisayo. Imiphumela yaleyomfundo ayizange iphele, kodwa yaqhubeke iguqule ushintsho.