Usizo lwamazwe luye lwafeza indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izinhlangano zomphakathi nezinyakazo zotshani emhlabeni wonke. Nakuba injongo yalo eyinhloko intuthuko yezomnotho noma ukukhululeka kwenhlekelele, ithonya lalo ekubopheni umphakathi likhulu futhi ligcwele. Emashumini eminyaka, abanikela ngezizwe ngezizwe baye bafaka izakhiwo zezigidi zezigidi zama - dollar eziklanyelwe ukuqinisa izinhlangano ezingezona zezezomphakathi (i-Zouthon), amaqembu omphakathi, kanye nezinhlangano zomphakathi. Lokhu kusiza izakhamuzi ukuba zihlele, zifune ukulandisa, futhi ziqhubele phambili inguquko emphakathini lapho imibuso yezwe noma yezombangazwe ilinganiselwe khona. Nokho, ubuhlobo phakathi kosizo lwamanye amazwe nomphakathi abuhlelwa yiziphi izimpikiswano. Abagxeki zesayensi baphikisa ukuthi ukuncintisana, ukuncitshiswa kwezindawo zendawo, noma ukumiswa kwamandla. Lesi sihlola izinhlelo zomphakathi zezokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zomphakathi ngotshani, ukuhlola izinhlelo zezentengo yeqiniso, ukuqinisekisa izinselele zezentengo yeze yeze yezentengo yezwe.

Ukuchaza Umphakathi Wangaphakathi Nemizabalazo Ephakeme

Umphakathi uhlanganisa indawo yokuphila okuhleliwe komphakathi okuzisebenzelayo, okuzisebenzelayo, nokuzibusayo kuhulumeni nasemakethe. Kuhlanganisa inqwaba yabadlali: i-NGOS, izinhlangano ezisekelwe emphakathini, izinyunyana zohwebo, amaqembu asekelwe ekukholweni, amaqembu ochwepheshe, kanye nezinhlangano zethumbi. Umphakathi womphakathi usebenza njengomhlanganisi ogxekayo phakathi kwezakhamuzi nombuso, unikeza imikhondo yokuhlanganyela, ukuthatha i-advocracy, nokunikeza inkonzo. Umphakathi onomdla ophambili uvame ukubhekwa njengesibonakaliso sentando yentando yeningi enempilo, njengoba unikeza izithuba zokuhlola ubuningi, amandla kahulumeni, nokuthuthukisa umphakathi.

Izinhlangano ze- Grassroots, inqubo ephansi yomphakathi, ithathwa umphakathi osusuka phansi. Bavame ukukhuluma ngezikhalo ezithile zendawo. Njengezikhalo zendawo, ukuwohloka kwendawo, ukungalingani kwendawo, ubulili, noma unya lwamaphoyisa, futhi bancika ekusebenzeni ndawonye kunokusebenza okungokomthetho. Izinhlangano zenhlangano ngokuvamile ziwuketshezi oluningi futhi zingaba yizigebengu eziqinile kunezisunguliwe ze-NGO, zidonsa amandla azo kuzisebenzi zokuzithandela, abaholi bendawo, futhi ziwahlukanisele. Bangakhula babe yizinhlangano zezenhlalo ezikwazi ukugumbuqela ohulumeni noma ukuguqula isimiso sobuzwe, njengoba kubonakala kuyi-Arabiabhuan Springle noma isimo sezulu sembulunga yonke. Ukuqonda lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuhloleni indlela yokusiza abantu bakwamanye amazwe: ukusekela imali ngezindawo zezindawo zezisebenzi ezingoko zokwenza izakhiwo zezindawo zezindawo zezindawo zezindawo zotshani, ukusekela amandla otshani.

Indima Engokomlando Yosizo Lwakwamanye Amazwe Ekuthuthukeni Komphakathi

Ubuhlobo bokusiza kwamanye amazwe nomphakathi wesizwe buye bashintsha kakhulu kusukela phakathi nekhulu lama-20 leminyaka. Phakathi neMpi Yomshoshaphansi, abanikelayo baseNtshonalanga ngokuvamile basebenzisa usizo ekuthuthukiseni izinhlangano zentando yeningi futhi bamelane nethonya leSoviet, bethumela izimali ezinyunyana zezisebenzi, iziphakamiso zemithombo yezindaba, namaqembu amalungelo abantu eMpumalanga Yurophu nase-Latin America. Izinhlangano ezifana ne- i-National Endment for Democracy (Enziwa) kanye ne-United States Agency for International Development (USAID)[FLD:3] ehlose ukusekela umphakathi njengesivikelo sokulwa kwe-demoricial.

Ngonyaka ka-1990 nowama-2000, ukunyuka kwemifanekiso ewumbuso kwagcizelela indima yomphakathi ekunikezelweni kwenkonzo, ukukhuthaza impilo, imfundo, nenhlalakahle ku-NGOs. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlelwa kwe-democracy e-Afrika, e-Asia, kanye neyangaphambili yeSoviet Union kwabonisa usizo lwezizwe eziqondiswe ekuhlolweni kokhetho, imikhankaso yokulwa kwezentengiselwano, nosizo olungokomthetho. IZizwe Ezihlangene ne-World Bank zikhuthaza ukuthuthukisa ukuhlelwa kwezenziwa ngokwengxenye , zifuna ukuhlolwa komphakathi ngemisebenzi emikhulu. Lenkathi yabona nokwanda kwezezindawo zezizwe ngezizwe (injini) ezilwayo) ezisekela izimali zendawo, ukuhlanganisa izinhlangano ezinkulu zomphakathi emphakathini womphakathi.

Muva nje, ukugxila ekubekeni isisekelo esiqinile, esiqinile, esimweni sezulu, nakumanani. Abanikazi manje bafaka i-progress kuyi-website ye-metarianism, i-oxathons yezobuchwepheshe bezakhamuzi, kanye nezimiso zotshani ezisabela ezinkingeni zezempilo njenge-Ebola noma i-COVOVID-19. I-pager ibonisa ukuthi usizo lwezomlando alusekeli nje umphakathi wangaphandle. Ithonya lokwakheka kwawo, izinto eziza kuqala, ngisho nemibono yawo. Ukuqonda lomongo kusiza ekuchazeni kokubili ukuphumelela nemiphumela engalindelekile eqhubeka ibangela impikiswano.

Imishini Yokusekela: Indlela Usizo Lwakwamanye Amazwe Oluqinisa Ngayo Umphakathi WaboMdabu

Usizo lwakwamanye amazwe lusebenza ngezinqubo eziningana eziyinhloko ezinganikeza umphakathi womphakathi amandla nokunyakaza kotshani.

Ukusekela Imali Nokusekela Izimali

Iminikelo eqondile, izinhlelo ezixhasayo, kanye nemishini emincane inikeza izimali ezinhlanganweni eziningi zomphakathi. Emazweni afikayo aphansi lapho impano zasekhaya zilinganiselwe khona, usizo lwakwamanye amazwe lungahlanganisa izindleko zokusebenza, amaholo ezisebenzi, nezindleko zomsebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo, iGlobal Fund yokulwa nengculaza, i-Malalevea ithumele izigidi zezigidi emaqenjini empilo asekelwe emphakathini, izenze zikwazi ukunikeza izinkonzo nabasekeli beziguli. Nokho, ukuthembela emijikelezweni emifushane yemisebenzi kunganciphisa ukulondolozwa kwemali; izinhlangano zingazama ukugcina ithalethi noma ukuhlela izindlela ezinde lapho ukuxhasana kwemali kungaqondakali.

Ukwakha Nokuqeqeshwa Kwasebukhosini

Izinhlelo eziningi zosizo zihlanganisa usizo lobuchwepheshe, ukuthuthukisa ukuhola, nokuqeqesha ukuqondisa inhlangano. Abashisekeli bendawo bafunda ukubhala indlela yokunikeza iziphakamiso, yokuphatha izimali, yokuqondisa nokuhlola imisebenzi, nokusebenzisa amathuluzi emishini ukuze basebenzise izinkonzo zokuqeqesha. Izisebenzi zomhlaba wonke ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izikhungo zokuqeqeshela amalungelo abantu, amakhono okuxoxa, nokuxhumana. Ukwakha okunjalo kungaguqula amaqembu omphakathi angomasungulwayo abe yizinhlangano ezikwazi ukuthonya inqubo yezehlakani.

Ukwakha I - progreme Nezimpahla Eziningi

Usizo lwangaphandle lungasiza ekuxhumaneni phakathi kwamaqembu endawo nezinhlangano zomhlaba wonke. Ingqungquthela, izinhlelo zokushintshana, kanye namapulatifomu e-website ye-website kuvumela abashisekeli bezimpande ukuba bahlanganyele amasu, bakhe ubunye, futhi bandise amazwi abo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-CIVICUS World Alliance for Citizentition ihlanganisa izinhlangano zomphakathi kulo lonke izwe, zisekelwe yinkxaso enikelayo. Le zinhlangano zisiza izinhlangano zendawo ukuba zizuze ukubonakala nokufinyelela ekunqumeni izinqumo, njengezingxoxo zesimo sezulu seZizwe Ezihlangene noma i-World Forum.

Ukuqapha Nokusekela Okungokomthetho

Abanikazi bavame ukuxhasa ukuhlaziywa, ukuqeqeshwa kwe-paralegal, nezikhungo zomthetho ezisiza abantu abafuna ukuzuza inzuzo esemthethweni ukuze baqinise amalungelo abo. Emazweni angenamthetho, usizo lwakwamanye amazwe lungasekela indawo eqinile, ukuhlolwa kwezindawo ezizungezile, nemikhankaso yokuvimbela ukuwohloka kwemvelo. Igunya elingokomthetho linikeza izisusa zamathuluzi okubekela inselele ukuxoshwa okungekho emthethweni, unya lwamaphoyisa, noma ukuxhashazwa kwenkampani. Lendlela inamandla ikakhulukazi ngoba ifaka iphisa izwi lomphakathi futhi idala izenzakalo zesikhathi esizayo.

Amathuluzi Obuchwepheshe Nezinombolo

Kusukela enkathini ye-technology, usizo lwangaphandle luyanda ukutshala izimali kwezobuchwepheshe bomphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, abanikazi baxhasa amapulatifomu avulekileyo edata, ama-apples okubhalisa amavoti, kanye namathuluzi ezokuxhumana asiza abashisekeli ukuba balandele ukubonakala kombuso. Open Society Foundations [, ngokwesibonelo, baye basekela amaqembu alwela amalungelo emishini avikela inkululeko yocingo futhi avikela abashisekeli be-i-internethist ekuhloleni. Izobuchwepheshe zinganciphisa ukufinyelela ulwazi, kodwa futhi zikhulisa ukukhathazeka ngemininingwane ye-mgalelo-temssion kanye nokwehluka-te-te-geo-geo-ges okumelwe kungene kahle.

Ukuhlola Icala: Usizo Oluvela Kumanye Amazwe Luyasebenza

Izibonelo ezilandelayo zibonisa indlela usizo lwakwamanye amazwe oluye lwathonya ngayo umphakathi womphakathi kanye nokunyakaza kwezimpande zotshani emazwekazini nezimpikiswano ezihlukahlukene.

Inhlangano Yamalungelo Ezwe YaseKenya

Amalungelo ezwe eKenya sekuyisikhathi eside ewuphawu lwempi, nokungabi nabulungisa kwe-era okuxutshwe nokukhohlakala kwangemva kokukhokhwa kanye nendawo engekho emthethweni ebambekayo. Izinhlangano ezihlangene namazwe angaphandle, kuhlanganise nalezo ezisekelwa yi-World Bank’s Land Genondance Program neFord Foundation, zanikeza usizo olungokomthetho, ubuchwepheshe bokudweba, kanye nokuhlela ukuqeqeshelwa amaqembu akhona. Umphumela waba ukubhikica ngokuphumelela nokumangalela okuvikela imiphakathi yomdabusuka kwamanye amazwe ezindaweni ezinjengeMau Forest ne-Tana River Deltal. Njengoba kuphawulwe esihlokweni sokuqala, lemizamo yagunyaza izakhamuzi ukuba zifune ukulandisa komphakathi womabhayiselwano kanye nezikhulu zikahulumeni.

Ukusebenza Kwesimo Sezulu SaseBangladesh

IBangladesh ingelinye lamazwe akhubazeka kakhulu emhlabeni, anezigidi ezihlala ezindaweni eziphansi ezisogwini. Usizo lwezizwe zonke oluvela ezinhlanganweni ezinjenge- uGreen Climate Fund [ futhi abanikeli abanezinyunyana basekele ukusekela kwentsha okubangelwa isimo sezulu, ukuhlanganisa ukunyakaza kwezindawo eziqinile nemisebenzi esebenzayo. Lamaqembu ahlela izimoto zezihlahla, akha izindlu, futhi aqhube imikhankanti yokuqaphela izivunguvukelo zokuvuvukala. Okubaluleke kakhulu, aye asekela uhulumeni ukuba ahlanganise ubulungisa bezwe futhi anike izimali zokuthuthukisa ukuthuthukisa umphakathi. Ukuhileleka kwentsha intuthuko, kubonisa ukuthi ukuhlanganisa izihlahla, ukuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa ukuhlangana kwezizwe phakathi kwezizwe.

Imikhankaso Yamalungelo Abantu ELatin America

Emazweni anjengeColombia, iGuatemala, neMexico, usizo lwangaphandle luye lwasekela izinhlangano zamalungelo abantu ezisekela ukunyamalala, ukubulala okungaphezulu, nenkohlakalo. I-European Union neHhovisi Lamalungelo Abantu ixhase izikhomishane zeqiniso, amaqembu alwa nolwembulela izinhlu zezifo, kanye nezinhlangano zezisulu. Lemizamo iye yasiza imikhaya efuna ukulandisa okushayekile, inikeza ubufakazi bokuqulwa kwecala, futhi yasungula imisebenzi yokukhunjulwa evimbela i-amnesia. Endabeni ngayinye, usizo lwalungezona nje izimali ezibolekwayo futhi zazingavikelwanga abashisekeli bezizwe zonke abasebenzela ezindaweni eziyingozi.

Inethiwekhi yokulwa ne-Corruption eMpumalanga Yurophu

Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, usizo lwakwamanye amazwe lwathululelwa emphakathini womphakathi eMpumalanga nephakathi Yurophu ukuze lusekele izinguquko zentando yeningi. ERomania naseSlovakia, e-USAID nase-Open Society Foundations baxhase izikhungo zophengululo ze-operation NGOs, i-orexinant, kanye namapulatifomu okwakha ahlangene. Le zinhlangano zadalula ukufakwa futhi zafakwa ezinguqulweni zomthetho, zidlala indima eyinhloko ezimweni zokukhuliswa kwe-European Union. Nakuba amanye alamaqembu aye abhekana noxhathisa kwezombangazwe nokunciphiswa kwezindawo zakwamanye amazwe, iminikelo yawo yokuqala ibonisa indlela umphakathi womphakathi owenziwe ngayo ulwelwelwelwelwe uhulumeni olwelwelwelwelwelwelwelwelwesi.

Izinselele Nokugxeka Usizo Lwakwamanye Amazwe Emphakathini Wabezakhamuzi

Naphezu kwalezi mpumelelo, ukusebenzisa usizo lwakwamanye amazwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe umphakathi nezimpande kugcwele izinselele.

Ukuncika Nokunganciki

Uma izinhlangano zendawo zithembela kakhulu ekuxhaseni imali yangaphandle, zingase zilwele ukusinda lapho zithola imali. Lokhu kudala indida: usizo ekuqaleni lunika amaqembu amandla, kodwa lungashiya zingavikelekile ekuthatheni izinkonzo ezishintshashintshayo. Kwezinye izimo, ama NGO ahluleka ukuhlanganisa imithombo yazo yezimali, ashiye imiphakathi ingenazinsika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukujaha njalo kwemali kungaphazamisa ekuhleleni izimpande zotshani, njengoba amaqembu echitha isikhathi esiningi sokubhala kunezokuthuthukisa amalungu endawo.

Ama - “deor - Drandda ”

Usizo lwangaphandle luvame ukuveza izithakazelo zezezombangazwe kanye nemibono ethandwa amazwe anikelayo. Isimiso sedemokrasi esihlangene ne-U.S. singamisa kuqala inqubo elwa ne-communimunist noma umphakathi womphakathi wezebhizinisi, kuyilapho umniniyo waseYurophu engase agcizelele amalungelo abantu noma ukulingana kwabesilisa. Uma le zinhlelo zingavumelani nezidingo zendawo, usizo lungaphazamisa inkambo yomphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, izimali zingasekela uchwepheshe wezezezezezezentengiselwano emadolobheni, izinhlangano zethukela, ukuqinisa ukulingana okukhona. Izinhlangano ze- Grasroot ezingafanelani izihloko ezihambisana nezihloko ezithiwayo jwayeze ngezidingo zezobulungisa zendawo, noma imibhikisho yeze yezentengo emelene nokunga.

Ukulandisa nokubona ngale

Usizo lwangaphandle emphakathini alugonyiwe ekukhohlakaleni noma ekuphathweni kabi. Kwamanye amazwe, abaphathi bendawo bathatha izimali ze-NGO, bezisebenzisela inzuzo yabo siqu noma ukulondoloza izinhlangano zosizo. Usizo lungadala izisusa eziphambene: amaqembu angase abeke ihaba ngokufezwa kwawo noma aveze izinkinga ukuze akhange imali. Ukuhlolwa nokuhlola okugcizelela imiphumela ebanzi ngokuvamile ihluleka ukuthatha ushintsho lwezenhlalakahle, uhlobo oluthatha isikhathi eside, ukuveza imisebenzi emifushane ngokuhlela okujulile.

Impi Yezombangazwe Nendawo Enciphile

Emazweni amaningi, ohulumeni babheka umphakathi wakwamanye amazwe njengosongo egunyeni labo. Imithetho evimbela ukuxhaswa kwe-NGO ivela kwamanye amazwe (umz., “ummeli” we-Russia, umthetho“i-Stom Soros”) uye wanda kusukela ngo-2010, iphoqelela amaqembu amaningi ukuba ahlehlise noma asondele. Ngisho nalapho imithetho ingacacile, izishoshozeli zakwamanye amazwe zingabhekana nokuhlukunyezwa, ukuqashelwa, noma ubudlova. Lokhu kugcizelela ingozi yokuthi usizo lungabeka izinhlangano zendawo engozini enkulu, ikakhulukazi uma abanikeli bengazithathi izixwayiso ezanele.

Ukufana Kwesiko Nemibhalo

Izindlela ezingcono kakhulu ezivela kwenye indawo azidluliseli kwezinye. Abanikazi bangaphoqelela amasampula aseNtshonalanga obuciko obungalawuleki − njengokuya ezindaweni ezithile noma ukuthatha i-ligiant(*) kwemiphakathi lapho ukwakhiwa ngokwethukela noma ukuhola okungokwesiko kuthatha khona isikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo zosizo ezidinga ukubikwa ngesiNgisi noma ukunamathela emithethweni eyinkimbinkimbi yokuhlela izinhlelo zingahlukanisa amaqembu amancane otshani angenazo izisebenzi eziqeqeshiwe. Ubuntu nokwazi ukuvumelana nomongo kuyadingeka kodwa ngokuvamile kunganakwa ezimisweni zosizo ezivamile.

Imikhuba Emihle Kakhulu Yosizo Oluphumelelayo Nolunengqondo

Ukuze bandise ithonya elihle losizo lwakwamanye amazwe emphakathini womphakathi nasezinhlanganweni zotshani, abanikelayo nabezokwelapha kufanele bamukele izimiso eziningana eziyinhloko.

Beka Phambili Ukuba Umnikazi Wasendaweni

Izinhlelo kufanele zihlelwe kanye nabangane bendawo, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi leyomigomo, amasu, kanye nama-despice kubonakalisa izinto eziza kuqala emphakathini kunokuba kunikezwe imiyalelo. Ukuhlanganyela ekunikezeleni, lapho abameleli bomphakathi behlala khona emabhodini ezimali, kuyindlela ethembisayo. Ukuba nendawo yangasese kwakha ukwethembana futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi usizo luqinisa ukunyakaza okukhona kunokuqinisa okungaphandle.

Umngane Wesiphephelo Ohamba Ngamasondo

Imijikelezo yemisebenzi emifushane (iminyaka emithathu) ayifaneleki kahle ekushintsheni kwezimpande zotshani. Abanikazi kufanele banikele ngemali iminyaka eminingi ngamalungiselelo avumelanayo avumela izinhlangano ukuba zivumelane nezimo eziguquguqukayo zezombangazwe. Imali exhasayo (imali engashintshwanga) yekhanda neholo (ibaluleke kakhulu ngoba ivumela amaqembu ukuba afake imali ekwakheni kwezisebenzi nasenkumbulo yezinhlangano.

Sikisela Amandla Okwakha Ngaphezu Kwamasheya

Nakuba izimali zibalulekile, ukwakha ikhono ezindaweni ezinjengobuholi, ukuphatha ngokwezimali, necebo lokusebenzisa imali kungaba nethonya elihlala njalo. Abanikazi kufanele baxhase ukunikeza iziluleko, ukuhwebelana izifundo zontanga, nokuqondisa, hhayi nje izimali. Ukuqeqesha kufanele kube okungokwesiko futhi kunikezwe ngezilimi zendawo.

Vikela Abalwayo Futhi Uthuthukise Ukuphepha

Usizo lwamazwe angaphandle emphakathini lunezingozi. Abanikazi bomthetho kumelwe bahlanganise ukuqeqeshwa kokhuseleko lwezinombolo, ukusekela okungokomthetho, nezimali eziphuthumayo ezinhlelweni zabo. Kufanele futhi basekele obala isivikelo somphakathi, besebenzisa imikhondo yezokuxhumana ukuze baphindisele emuva emithethweni ecindezelayo. Emongweni ophezulu, ukuxhasa okungaziwa ngokwezimali nokuxhumana ngaphandle kolayini kungadingeka.

Ukuzivumelanisa Nomkhuba Nokufunda

Izindlela zokuphumelela kufanele zithathe kokubili ushintsho lwenani nolwezici: ukuthatha isinyathelo esengeziwe, ukushintshana kwezinkulumo zeningi, izinguquko zezimiso, kanye nezinhlanganisela eziqinisweyo. Abanikazi kufanele baxhase ukuhlola okuzimele futhi bakhiqize izigijimi ezivumela izifundo zokunikeza izinhlelo zesikhathi esizayo. Ukufunda ekuhlulekeni kubalulekile njengokugubha impumelelo.

Isiphetho

Usizo lwangaphandle lungathuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo umphakathi womphakathi kanye nezinhlangano zotshani, kukhuthaza ukusebenzelana kwezakhamuzi okunamandla nokuganisene. Uma lusetshenziswa ngokucabangela mayelana nobunikazi bendawo, isibopho esithatha isikhathi eside, kanye nobudlelwane obuqotho, − kunganika imiphakathi amandla okusekela ushintsho, ukuqinisa izinqubo zentando yeningi, futhi kwakhe izinhlangano eziqinile. Kodwa umbhalo wendlela uxubene: ukuncika, ukunikela, kanye nokugobeka imingcele yezombangazwe kuhlala kunezithiya ezingathi sína. Usizo olusebenzayo kakhulu aluphathi umphakathi womphakathi njengethuluzi lenjongo yangaphandle kodwa njengendawo ephilayo okumelwe ilondolozwe ngezindlela zayo siqu. Njengoba izinselele zembulunga yonke zishintsha isimo sezulu, ukungalingani, nokungalingani kwentando ye-democroba, indima yosizo lwakwamanye amazwe asekela amagumbi otshani luyohlolwayo kuphela. Ukuhlolwa okukhulu kungathi isikhala esikhuthayo sisuka esikhungweni esiphezulu esikhungweni sokudluliswayo endaweni esiphezulu, ukuholwa kwezindawo sendawo esikhona, ukuholwa ngokulandelana kwezindawo sendawo.